2020高考英语 第三部分 写作层级训练 第二步第一讲 如何写概要(讲解)
2020届新高考英语书面表达内容概要高三作文模拟写作指导与解读(4页)
2020届新高考英语书面表达内容概要高三作文模拟写作指导与解读阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tiger s behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense. It takes the most cool-headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and becomes so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such behaviors of politeness are by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to.An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise tounpleasant feelings. Unfortunately, modern drivers can't even learn to drive, let alone master the roadmanship. Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-take (互让) from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.第一步：通读理解全文，了解文章结构，理清各段落之间的逻辑关系，提取全文中心词，尤其是名词与动词。
概要写作——2020年山东高考英语写作
概要写作（Summary writing），被称为“小作文”。
概要写作分值占据15分，考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。
概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字，内容丰富多样，包含故事、时政、科普等，体裁以记叙文、说明文为主，字数一般要求在50-60字，答案尽量符合“Key points of a summary”的要求。
一．正确认识概要写作1. Definition of summary writing（概要写作的定义）By summary, we mean a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a passage, an article, a chapter or a book.2. Key points of a summary（概要写作的要点）Conciseness（简要性）：Omit unnecessary details like examples, explanations and other unimportant information.Length: 1/4-1/3 of the original text.Completeness（完整性）：To include all the main and supporting points delivered in you own words in a condensed manner.Accuracy（准确性）：To give the same attention and stress to the points as the author does.Coherence（连贯性）：Rather than an outline listed as key words and phrases, a summary is a paragraph with necessary transitions and function structures to make it flow.Objectivity（客观性）：Do not include your own ideas or emotions on the topic. The summary should reflect the content of the original passage only.3. Steps to write a summary（概要写作的步骤）1）Skim the text to find out the general theme.2）Analyze the text’s structure to divide it into several sections, find out the main idea of each section and write it out briefly with your own words. (one sentence) 3）Write down the key supporting points for each main idea without involving minor details.4）Organize the main and related supporting points in a logical order with necessary transitions to achieve coherence.5）Proofread for grammatical, spelling and punctuation mistakes.4. Beginning of a summary（概要写作的开头）Begin your summary with:*The author’s name*The article’s or chapter’s name*The author’s thesis statement—a general overview(survey) of the article.The Body:First of all, the author describes……He then points out that……In addition, the author talks about……Finally, the author suggests……Some other introductory phrases:*(The author) states in (this article) that…*(The author), in (this article) shows that…*In (this article), (the author) writes that…*As (the author) says in (this article),…*The main idea of (the author’s article) is…*The author believes (holds; maintains; claims; argues; points out; suggests; proposes) that + clause…*The author talks about (explains; describes; reveals; discusses; focuses on) + n.二．记叙文概要写作记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。
2020版 英语 高考冲刺总复习--写作层级训练--第二节 概要写作(人教新)高考版
第二讲概要写作原题呈现阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
(浙江高考样题)Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing.However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the King of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the King ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit(好处) of dirt was long－lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century.Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventingdisease.Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: Clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first－time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter (后者) position is gaining some ground.写作流程►第一步审题1．审体裁：议论文2．审人称：第三人称3．审时态：一般现在时和一般过去时为主4．审要点：第一段：“However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.”是本篇文章的主题句，亮明了总的观点。
2020届浙江省新高考高三英语作文“内容概要”模拟练习题(九)写作指导(含范文)
2020届浙江省新高考高三英语作文“内容概要”模拟练习（九）写作指导一、概写原文二、概写步骤第一步：通读理解全文，了解文章结构，明确各段落之间的逻辑关系，提取全文中心词(尤其是名词与动词)。
第二步：细读原文，划出各段的主题句与关键词，关键词以动词与名词为主，涵盖段落全部要点与次要点。
第三步：根据所划内容，结合理解，重新组织语言。
可用中文概括出段落大意，然后用一句话翻译出来。
第四步：通读修改。
修改是一个重要的环节，要考虑连接词的使用；高级词汇的替换；句式的多样；语法是否正确以及字数的多少。
第五步：用自信衡水体抄到试卷上，力求清楚美观。
三、分段概括关键词句已在原文标出，结合理解，用中文概括出一句话并译成英文。
❶如今，美国青少年更喜欢与同龄人交往而不是与年少的儿童或者是成年人交往。
Nowadays, adolescents in America prefer to interact with their peers rather than younger children or adults.❷这一趋势主要有三个原因：首先，工业化导致了职业的变化以及更多的职业女性，这使得该现象不可避免。
This trend is mainly due to three factors. Firstly, industrialization led to changes in the workplace and more working mothers, which made the phenomenon inevitable.❸其二，学校改革也导致了他们很少与儿童交往。
Secondly, school reform has resulted in little contact with younger children.❹此外，青少年人数的增长导致同龄文化的出现。
Additionally, the growing adolescent population accounts for the appearance of peer culture.❺然而，研究对青少年花更多时间与同龄人在一起持积极的态度。
2020江苏高考英语二轮讲义：专题五 书面表达 层级二 第一讲 靓化词汇——学会运用高级表达
层级二低档作文如何升级为五档作文，策略告诉你书面表达得分在11－19分之间的学生的写作特点：1.只使用简单的词或短语；2.句式单一，单句较多；3.缺乏承上启下的词语和句子；4.不会使用从句；5.不会正确运用谓语动词或短语；6.不会使用倒装和强调句型。
高考书面表达侧重考查考生的语言运用能力，这就要求考生能够正确运用高级的词汇和语法结构并能够熟练运用句与句之间的连接成分以使行文流畅。
因此，平时的写作训练中，要学会恰当地运用高级句式和过渡语，使文章“闪亮登场”。
第一讲靓化词汇——学会运用高级表达[学生用书P103] 英语书面表达第五档作文中提到：语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。
换句话说，如果考生使用高级词汇或句型，即使犯了少量或轻微的语言错误，也可不扣分，文章还是属于最高档次。
因此，为了让文章档次高，首先要学会使用高级词汇。
高级词汇的使用能够给文章增添色彩和画面感。
它会大大提升文章的档次，从而帮助考生获得高分。
要做到准确使用高级词汇，应该注意以下几个方面：一、使用亮点词汇的4种策略写作时恰当得体地使用别人可能想不到的词汇或表达，会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉。
①(2019·北京卷书面表达)I’m very glad to know that you’re coming to tour in China.→I’m more than delighted to know that you’re coming to tour in China.②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I hope you can consider my application and allow me to be a volunteer.→I hope you can take my application into consideration and allow me to be a volunteer.③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)So I can serve as a volunteer to show the visitors around the gallery and I am sure that I am fit for the job.→So I can serve as a volunteer to show the visitors around the gallery and I am convinced thatI am qualified for the job.④(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)As a result, enough preparation is urgently needed, including practice, nutrition and a perfect plan.→As a consequence, adequate preparation is urgently needed, including practice, nutrition and a perfect plan.⑤(2019·天津卷书面表达)I want to make my voice heard.→I feel an urge to make my voice heard.⑥Only when you do more reading and writing can you succeed in improving your English.→Only when you do more reading and writing can you make it in improving your English.⑦To our great joy, not only are our classes lively and appealing, but our school life is also rich and colorful.→To our great joy, not only are our classes lively and attractive, but our school life is also rich and colorful.⑧(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Great changes have taken place in our school in the last few years. And the news came that a short film will be shown in our school.→Our school has witnessed great changes in the last few years. And word came that a short film will be shown in our school.写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语，要用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的水平。
高考英语第三部分写作层级训练第一步循序渐进提升写作技能第一讲短蝎悍的简单句讲解
第一步循序渐进，提升写作技能李仕才第一讲短小精悍的简单句英语中最重要、最基本的句式有五种，复杂的句子结构都是这些基本句型的扩展和延伸。
因此，加强对五种基本句型的学习是写作的基础，也是提高英语写作水平的前提。
除了系动词be外，还有一些动词是系动词：表感官的动词(feel，smell，taste，sound等)，表“像”的动词(look，appear，seem等)，表状态变化的动词(become，get，grow，turn，go等)，表延续的动词(remain，keep，hold，stay等)。
作表语的通常是名词、形容词、不定式、介词短语或从句。
1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词作表语)2.Gradually he became silent.(形容词作表语)3.She remained standing for an hour.(现在分词作表语)4.The question remained unsolved.(过去分词作表语)5.The machine is out of order.(介词短语作表语)6.The television was on.(副词作表语)7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式作表语)8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词作表语)9.The question is what you want to do.(从句作表语，即：表语从句)[名师点津] 在下面的句子中，形容词作表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。
1.I’m happy to meet you.2.They are willing to help.3.We are determined to follow his example.这种句型中的动词(短语)大多是不及物动词，这类动词(短语)常见的有：take place，happen，break out，appear，disappear，apologize，arrive，go，come，die，count，matter，fall，rise等。
2020新高考英语读后续写或概要写作技巧!
2015 年 8 月，在教育部考试中心发布的《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明》中，提出了写作新题型:读后续写或概要写作，两种形式在不同考次不定期交替使用。
随着新教材的使用推广，该题型已经在浙江、山东、辽宁等省份的日常考试中频繁出现，并将在2020年高考中使用。
读后续写作为一种全新的高考题型，对于新题型我们该如何训练我们的续写和概要总结能力呢！一起来边做例题边学习吧！【读后续写】读后续写主要关注以下四个方面的能力:（1）把握短文关键信息和语言特点的能力。
学生需要了解所给短文的主要内容，清楚其关键词和语言结构的使用情况，并通过续写短文表现出来。
（2）语言运用的准确性和丰富性。
学生能准确、恰当地使用所学词汇和语言结构，还能够根据内容需要使用较多、较复杂的词汇和语言结构。
（3）对语篇结构的把控能力。
学生需要掌握上下文逻辑关系，所续写的短文与所给短文及段落开头语之间要有连贯性，所续写的短文内语句要连贯、有序。
（4）创造性思维能力。
学生所续写的短文要具有较丰富的内容，包含详细和生动的情景、态度和感情描述。
“读后续写”答题攻略如下：（1）精读文章，确定文章线索。
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索，例如什么人(who)什么时间(when)在什么地方(where)因为什么(why)做了什么事儿(what)，最后有了什么发展(how)。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求。
一般短文后面的“注意”都有对此短文续写的具体要求，如字数限制、使用几处下划线关键词语、续写段落的首句提示。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路。
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路，结合段首的提示语，最终确定续写段落的思路，同时结合文章划线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句。
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中划线的关键词语拟写草稿。
拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性、语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
2020届浙江省新高考英语作文概要写作Summary Writing课件
Para 1
Topic Sentence: “During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced …” Idea 1: “People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.” Idea 2: “At the same time painters returned to classical … people and nature as they really were.” Example: “Rich people wanted to …”
•a 60-word summary •use your own words •in the third person •with a brief sentence •connection between sentences(句子衔接)
03 Steps of Summary Writing
Step 1. Determine the type of writing and identify the topic as well as the author’s purpose
Step 2. Divide the passage & summarize the main idea of each part
Step 3. Highlight the key information of each part
Step 4. Make an outline of the passage Step 5. Write the first draft Step 6. Revise the summary
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第二步通览全局，写作分类突破李仕才第一讲如何写概要一、题型特点读写任务型作文的写作内容一般分为两个部分，即写作内容一为概括短文大意，以及写作内容二，就某个主题发表看法。
“读写任务”是“读”和“写”的有机结合，“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景；同样，“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。
二、写作技巧1.写作步骤摘要通常要求写30词左右，一般由“主题句＋支撑句”构成。
写作时可按以下步骤进行。
(1)寻找关键词。
文章的关键词可结合写作内容中的“就……”主题发表自己的看法的要求来确定。
如，要求你“以约120词讲述一次你(或你的朋友)想家的经历”，那么所阅读的文章的主题词就应是homesick。
(2)确定主题句。
文章的主题句首先可通过所给阅读材料的标题来确定，阅读材料的标题即是文章的论点或主题句。
没有标题的文章，我们就应注意第一段(总起段)和最后一段(总结段)，或每一段的第一句或第二句(总起句)和最后一句(总结句)。
没有主题句的需要自己根据段落大意进行总结。
(3)重构主题句。
主题句要能概括全文中心，并能涵盖后面支撑句的所有内容。
(4)重组支撑句。
支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，对主题句进行补充或者提供证据。
2.概括的形式：“主题句＋支撑句”即“主题＋主题的什么”[名师点津] 写概要时不要照搬原文中的句子，而必须用自己的话来转述。
概括可采用总→分的形式，即第一句话是主题句，清楚明白地告诉读者文章的主要内容(这句话举足轻重)，后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，主题之外的内容要毫不吝啬地予以剔除。
【典例示范】请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
(江苏卷)When we read newspapers, we often come across such English words as“AIDS” and “PK.” When we watch TV, we frequently hear words like “NBA” or “PM2.5.” When we speak, we automatically use words like “OUT” or “Bye-bye.” English words and expressions like these are getting popular. They have already become part of our daily language. And 239 English words have been included in the latest Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese.The inclusion has started a heated discussion. A group of scholars signed a letter of complaint over the inclusion of these English words, which, they think, goes against Chinese language policies. They not only worry that Chinese is borrowing an increasing number of English words but are also concerned that the inclusion may hurt the dignity of the Chinese language. However, others are in favor of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language. They believe the selection is mostly a result of their function and use in daily life.[写作内容]1.用约 30 个单词写出上文概要；2.用约 120 个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：(1)支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇；(2)用 2～3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。
[写作要求]1.可以支持文中任一观点，但必须提供理由或论据；2.阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句；3.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；4.不必写标题。
[评分标准]内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
[参考范文1]Today, more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language. Even the Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese includes 239 English words. Some people support it while others do not.[参考范文2]With English words getting popular in both media and daily life, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups: “For” and “Against.”能力提升练1阅读下面的短文，然后以约30个词概括下文的主要内容。
(2018·江苏张家港市模拟)John was traveling by ship to Europe when a terrible storm came. A great leak was filling the ship with water. No matter how hard the sailors and passengers worked at the pumps, the water was still rising. The ship was sinking fast. There seemed to be no hope. But the captain told them not to give up hope. He said that there was hope so long as the ship remained above water. He promised that if they didn’t give up hope, he would land them safely. The captain’s powerful will moved them all. In the end he did land them safely.After they landed, John found the captain to show his appreciation. But to his surprise, the captain said to him that he was the boy of 30 years ago who bought a geography book in his bookstore.John suddenly thought of the boy.At that time the boy didn’t have enough money, but he had gone from shop to shop and believed he could get what he wanted. Finally, he made it. Now, it was the same willpower of him that saved the lives of all the passengers.[参考范文]In the story, a captain always insisted on doing something, even when he was a little boy. In one voyage, it was just his willpower that made him save all the passengers’ lives.能力提升练2阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括下文的主要内容。
(2018·江苏盐城阜宁一中学情调研)Students in China spend a lot of time learning English. But most of them cannot use it to communicate. Some experts think the reasonlies in the testing system, because the current English testing system in China puts too much pressure on students to get high marks and pay no attention to the development of their overall(全面的) language abilities. Considering this, recently many experts are calling for reforms(改革) of the English language testing system to make it more effectively to develop actual language abilities. They say changes are necessary for the development of the national English education system. [参考范文]Recently, the topic of whether English test system should be changed has caused a heated discussion. Many people think the current testing system prevents students from developing overall language abilities and therefore argue for a reform.能力提升练3阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括下文的主要内容。