外刊阅读 20200229 比尔盖茨TED上病毒演讲

外刊阅读 20200229 比尔盖茨TED上病毒演讲
外刊阅读 20200229 比尔盖茨TED上病毒演讲

The next outbreak? We're not ready

下一场疫情什么时候爆发,我们还没有准备好

简介

"Ebola threatens everything that makes us human," says Bruce Aylward of the World Health Organization. And when the Ebola epidemic exploded in 2014, it caused a worldwide panic. But humanity can beat Ebola -- and Aylward shows four strategies that show how we are succeeding. The fight against Ebola is not yet won, he says, but it can be.

世界卫生组织的布鲁斯·艾尔沃德说:“埃博拉病毒威胁着使我们成为人类的一切。”埃博拉疫情在2014年爆发时,引起了世界范围的恐慌。但是人类可以击败埃博拉病毒-艾伦沃德展示了四种策略来展示我们如何取得成功。他说,与埃博拉的斗争尚未获胜,但是可以。

(S1) When I was a kid, the disaster we worried about most was a nuclear war. (S2) That's why we had a barrel like this down in our basement, filled with cans of food and water. (S3) When the nuclear attack came, we were supposed to go downstairs, hunker down, and eat out of that barrel.

解析:

1.第一句和第三句中when引导的时间状语从句。

2.about后面省略that,后接宾语从句。

3.第二句中的why引导的表语从句,此外,filled是过去分词作伴随状语。

我小时候,我们最担心的灾难是核战争。这就是为什么我们地下室有一个这样的桶,里面装满了罐头食品和水。当核攻击来临时,我们应该下楼,蹲下来,从桶里吃东西。

(S1) Today the greatest risk of global catastrophe(灾难) doesn't look like this. (S2) Instead, it looks like this. (S3) If anything kills over 10 million people in the next few decades, it's most likely to be a highly infectious virus rather than a war. (S4) Not missiles, but microbes. (S5) Now, part of the reason for this is that we've invested a huge amount in nuclear deterrents. (S6) But we've actually invested very little in a system to stop an epidemic. (S7) We're not ready for the next epidemic.

解析:

1.第三句中的if引导的条件状语从句。

2.第五句中that引导的表语从句。

今天,全球灾难的最大灾难并不像这样。相反,它看起来像这样。如果在未来几十年里有什么东西杀死了超过1000万人,那很可能是一种高度传染性的病毒,而不是一场战争。不是导弹,而是微生物。现在,部分原因是我们在核威慑方面投入了大量资金。但我们实际上在阻止流行病的系统上投入很少。我们还没准备好迎接下一场流行病。

(S1) Let's look at Ebola. (S2) I'm sure all of you read about it in the newspaper, lots of tough challenges. (S3) I followed it carefully through the case analysis tools we use to track polio eradication. (S4) And as you look at what went on, the problem wasn't that there was a system that didn't work well enough, the problem was that we didn't have a system at all. (S5) In fact, there's some pretty obvious key missing pieces.

解析:

1.第五句是典型的并列复合句:

首先是as引导的时间状语从句,其里面又包括what引导的宾语从句。

其次是这个主句中包含that引导的并列表语从句,第一个that和第三个that 都是表语从句的that引导不作任何成分。

第三是这个主句中的第二that引导的定语从句修饰限定system。

注意:这句话比较复杂,需要好好理解!

让我们看看埃博拉。我相信你们都在报纸上看到过,很多艰难的挑战。我仔细地研究了我们用来追踪根除小儿麻痹症的病例分析工具。当你看看发生了什么,问题不是有一个系统工作得不够好,问题是我们根本没有一个系统。事实上,有一些很明显的关键缺失。

(S1) We didn't have a group of epidemiologists ready to go,who would have gone, seen what the disease was, seen how far it had spread. (S2) The case reports came in on paper. (S3) It was very delayed before they were put online and they were extremely inaccurate. (S4) We didn't have a medical team ready to go. (S5) We didn't have a way of preparing people. (S6) Now, Médecins Sans Frontières did a great job orchestrating volunteers. (S7) But even so, we were far slower than we should have been getting the thousands of workers into these countries. (S8) And a large epidemic would require us to have hundreds of thousands of workers. (S9) There was no one there to look at treatment approaches. (S10) No one to look at the diagnostics. (S11) No one to figure out what tools should be used. (S12) As an example, we could have taken the blood of survivors, processed it, and put that plasma back in people to protect them. (S13) But that was never tried.

解析:

1.第一句中who以引导的非限制定语从句。

2.第一句中的who以引导的非限制定语从句中又包括what 和how引导的宾语从句。

3.第三句中的it was...before引导的时间状语从句。

4.第七句中包含than引导的比较状语从句,且其从句的谓语用should引导的虚拟语气。

5.第九句中包含省略that 引导的no one..从句,作表语从句,而且这与第十句和十一句是并列结构,实际上是三个并列表语从句。

6.第十二句中包含could引导的虚拟语气。

我们没有一组流行病学家准备去,他们会去,看看疾病是什么,看看它传播了多远。案件报告是书面的。在他们被放到网上之前,这是非常延迟的,而且非常不准确。我们还没有一支医疗队准备出发。我们没有办法让人们做好准备。现在,无国界医生组织在组织志愿者方面做得很好。但即便如此,我们还是远远慢于把成千上万的工人带到这些国家的速度。一场大规模的流行病需要我们有成千上万的工人。那里没有人去看治疗方法。没有人看诊断。没有人知道应该使用什么工

具。举个例子,我们可以采集幸存者的血液,对其进行处理,然后将血浆放回人体以保护他们。但从未尝试过。

(S1) So there was a lot that was missing. (S2) And these things are really a global failure. (S3) The WHO is funded to monitor epidemics,but not to do these things I talked about. (S4) Now, in the movies it's quite different. (S5) There's a group of handsome epidemiologists ready to go, they move in, they save the day, but that's just pure Hollywood.

解析:

1.第一句中that引导的定语从句修饰先行词lot,这里的lot是名词。

2.第三句中的but引导的是不定式的并列结构作目的状语,这里表示转折的意思。

3.第三句中的things后面省略that引导的宾语从句,things在从句作about 的宾语。

所以很多东西都不见了。这些都是全球性的失败。世卫组织的资金是用来监测流行病的,但不是用来做我所说的这些事情。现在,在电影里就完全不同了。有一群英俊的流行病学家准备去,他们搬进来,他们拯救了这一天,但那只是纯粹的好莱坞。

(S1) The failure to prepare could allow the next epidemic to be dramatically more devastating than Ebola. (S2) Let's look at the progression of Ebola over this year. (S3) About 10,000 people died, and nearly all were in the three West African countries. (S4) There's three reasons why it didn't spread more. (S5) The first is that there was a lot of heroic work by the health workers. (S6) They found the people and they prevented more infections. (S7) The second is the nature of the virus.(S8) Ebola does not spread through the air. (S8) And by the time you're contagious, most people are so sick that they're bedridden. (S10) Third, it didn't get into many urban areas. (S1) And that was just luck. (S12) If it had gotten into a lot more urban areas, the case numbers would have been much larger.

解析:

1.第三句中why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reasons。

2.第五句中that引导的表语从句。

3.第八句为the time后面省略when引导的世间状语从句。

4.第八句中so...that引导的是结果状语从句。

5.第十二句中if引导的虚拟条件句,注意had gotten时态。

如果不做好准备,下一次疫情可能会比埃博拉更具破坏性。让我们来看看埃博拉今年的进展。大约1万人死亡,几乎所有人都在三个西非国家。有三个原因,为什么它没有传播更多。首先是卫生工作者做了很多英勇的工作。他们发现了这些人,并防止了更多的感染。第二是病毒的性质。埃博拉病毒不会通过空气传播。当你感染的时候,大多数人都已经病入膏肓了。第三,它没有进入许多城市地区。那只是运气。如果它进入更多的城市地区,病例数量就会大得多。

(S1) So next time, we might not be so lucky. (S2) You can have a virus where people feel well enough while they're infectious that they get on a plane or they go to a market. (S3) The source of the virus could be a natural epidemic like Ebola, or it could be bioterrorism. (S4) So there are things that would literally make things a thousand times worse.

解析:

1.第二句中整体上上并列复合句,while引导的时间状语从句,其后的从句的又有that引导的宾语从句。

2.第二句中整体上上并列复合句,while引导的时间状语从句,其前的主句中包含where引导的定语从句。

所以下次,我们可能就没那么幸运了。你可能有一种病毒,当人们感染到飞机上或去市场时,他们感觉很好。病毒的来源可能是像埃博拉这样的自然流行病,也可能是生物恐怖主义。所以有些事情会让事情变得更糟。

(S1) In fact, let's look at a model of a virus spread through the air, like the Spanish Flu back in 1918. (S2) So here's what would happen: It would spread throughout the world very, very quickly. (S3) And you can see over 30 million people died from that epidemic. (S4) So this is a serious problem. (S45) We should be concerned.

解析:

1.第二句中what引导的表语从句。

事实上,让我们看看一个病毒在空气中传播的模型,比如1918年的西班牙流感。所以接下来会发生的事情是:它会非常迅速地传播到全世界。你可以看到超过3000万人死于这种流行病。所以这是一个严重的问题。我们应该关心。

(S1) But in fact, we can build a really good response system. (S2) We have the benefits of all the science and technology that we talk about here. (S3) We've got cell phones to get information from the public and get information out to them. (S4) We have satellite maps where we can see where people are and where they're moving. (S5) We have advances in biology that should dramatically change the turnaround time to look at a pathogen and be able to make drugs and vaccines that fit for that pathogen. (S6) So we can have tools, but those tools need to be put into an overall global health system. (S7) And we need preparedness.

解析:

1.第二句中that引导的定语从句修饰先行词science and technology,且先行词有all修饰。

2.第四句中三个where引导的并列定语从句。

3.第五句为第一个that引导的定语从句修饰先行词biology。

4..第五句为第二个that引导定语从句。

但事实上,我们可以建立一个非常好的反应系统。我们从这里所谈论的所有科学技术中获益。我们有手机从公众那里获取信息,并把信息传递给他们。我们有卫星地图,可以看到人们在哪里,他们在哪里移动。我们在生

物学方面取得了进展,这将显著改变观察病原体的周转时间,并能够生产出适合该病原体的药物和疫苗。因此,我们可以拥有工具,但这些工具需要纳入全球卫生系统。我们需要准备。

(S1) The best lessons, I think, on how to get prepared are again, w hat we do for war. (S2) For soldiers, we have full-time, waiting to go. (S3) We have reserves that can scale us up to large numbers. (S4) NATO has a mobile unit that can deploy very rapidly. (S5) NATO does a lot of war games to check, are people well trained? (S6) Do they understand about fuel and logistics and the same radio frequencies? (S7) So they are absolutely ready to go. (S8) So those are the kinds of things we need to deal with an epidemic.

解析:

1.第一句中how to do结构作介词On的宾语。

2.第一句中what引导的从句作介词on宾语。

3.第四句that引导的定语从句修饰先行词unit。

4.第七句中things后面省略that引导的定语从句。

我认为,关于如何做好准备,最好的教训还是我们为战争所做的。对于士兵,我们有全职的,等待着离开。我们有储备,可以扩大我们的数量。北约有一支机动部队,可以很快部署。北约做了很多战争游戏来检查,人们受过良好的训练吗?他们了解燃油和物流以及相同的无线电频率吗?所以他们完全准备好了。所以这些是我们应对流行病所需要的。

(S1) What are the key pieces? (S2) First, we need strong health systems in poor countries. (S3) That's where mothers can give birth safely, kids can get all their vaccines. (S4) But, also where we'll see the outbreak very early on. (S5) We need a medical reserve corps: lots of people who've got the training and background who are ready to go, with the expertise. (S6) And then we need to pair those medical people

with the military,taking advantage of the military's ability to move fast, do

logistics and secure areas. (S7) We need to do simulations, germ games, not war games,so that we see where the holes are. (S8) The last time a germ game was done in the United States was back in 2001, and it didn't go so well. (S9) So far the score is

germs: 1, people: 0. Finally, we need lots of advanced R&D in areas of vaccines and diagnostics. (S10) There are some big breakthroughs, like the Adeno-associated virus, that could work very, very quickly.

解析:

1.第三句中where引导表语从句。

2.第五句中两个who引导的并列定语从句。

3.第七句为so that引导的结果状语从句,其从句中包含where引导的宾语从句。

4.第八句中so...that引导的是结果状语从句。

5.第十句中that引导的隔开定语从句,有插入语位于先行词和从句之间。

关键部分是什么?首先,我们需要贫穷国家强有力的卫生系统。在那里,母亲可以安全生产,孩子可以得到所有的疫苗。但是,我们很早就会看到爆发的地方。我们需要一支医疗后备队:很多受过训练、有背景、有专业知识的人。然后我们需要把那些医务人员和军队配对。利用军队快速行动的能力,做后勤和安全区域。我们需要做模拟,细菌游戏,而不是战争游戏,这样我们才能看到漏洞在哪里。上一次在美国做细菌游戏是在2001年,结果不太顺利。到目前为止,得分是细菌:1,人:0。最后,我们需要在疫苗和诊断领域进行大量先进的研发。有一些重大突破,如腺相关病毒,可以非常,非常迅速地发挥作用。

(S1) Now I don't have an exact budget for what this would cost, but I'm quite sure it's very modest compared to the potential harm. (S2) The World Bank estimates that if we have a worldwide flu epidemic, global wealth will go down by over three trillion dollars and we'd have millions and millions of deaths. (S3) These investments offer significant benefits beyond just being ready for the epidemic. (S4) The primary healthcare, the R&D, those things would reduce global health equity and make the world more just as well as more safe.

解析:

1.第一句中but引导的并列复合句,but前面的主句中又包含what引导的宾语从句。but后面的从句包含be sure引导的宾语从句。

2.第二句中that引导的宾语从句中包含if引导的条件状语从句。

现在我还没有一个确切的预算,但我敢肯定,这是非常温和的相比,潜在的危害。世界银行估计,如果全球范围内出现流感疫情,全球财富将减少3万亿美元,我们将有数百万人死亡。这些投资提供了巨大的好处,而不仅仅是防疫。初级卫生保健、研发和这些将减少全球卫生公平,使世界更加公正和安全。

(S1) So I think this should absolutely be a priority. (S2) There's no need to panic. (S3) We don't have to hoard cans of spaghetti or go down into the basement. (S4) But we need to get going, because time is not on our side.

解析:

1.第四句中becasue引导的并列句,表示为原因状语从句。

所以我认为这绝对应该是一个优先事项。没必要惊慌。我们不必囤积几罐意大利面或下到地下室。但我们得走了,因为时间不在我们这边。

(S1) In fact,if there's one positive thing that can come out of the Ebola epidemic, it's that it can serve as an early warning, a wake-up call, to get ready. (S2) If we start now, we can be ready for the next epidemic.

Thank you.

解析:

1.第一句中if引导的条件状语从句中又包含that引导的定语从句。

2.第一句中第二个that引导的主语从句,it作形式主语。

3.第二句中if引导的条件状语从句。

事实上,如果埃博拉疫情能带来一个积极的结果,那就是它可以作为一个预警,一个警钟,做好准备。如果我们现在就开始,我们就可以为下一次流行病做好准备。

谢谢您。

2014经典演讲之比尔盖茨斯坦福演讲(双语)

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盖茨在软件上的天赋可谓赫赫。13岁时,便已开始电脑程式设计;17岁时,盖茨已经卖掉了他的第一个电脑编程作品——一个时间表格系统,买主是他的高中学校,价格是4200美元。而到了他18岁,进入哈佛大学后,就已经和他的高中好友保罗·艾伦(Paul Allen)一起为Altair 8800电脑设计Altair BASIC(牛郎星基本)解译器。“Altair是第一台商业上获得成功的个人电脑,而BASIC语言是一种易用易学的计算机程序设计语言,盖茨与艾伦所开发的BASIC版本就是后来的Microsoft BASIC,也是MS-DOS操作系统的基础,而后者又是微软公司早期成功的关键。Microsoft Basic后来成了Microsoft Quick Basic,并逐渐演变成为今天依然流行的Visual Basic。”值得一提的是,Altair 作为第一台PC,在它的发明过程中,除了个人电脑之父爱德华罗伯茨的呕心沥血,也有盖茨与艾伦的身影。而以后,随着与巨头IBM的合作、WINDOWS视窗软件的推出以及“拥抱互联网”、IE浏览器的大获成功,盖茨,和他的微软公司,在软件领域已经一骑绝尘,遥遥领先。他本人在某种程度上,也从时代的追随者,转变为了时代的引领者。 家庭教育,也是盖茨成长路上的一大助力。 为世人所熟知的,是发生在盖茨12岁时的“泼水事件”。这个年纪的盖茨,已经有了迥异于同龄人的,相当大的独立性。“泼水事件”将盖茨与家庭的矛盾爆发了出来。盖茨的幸运在于,他有一个宽容睿智的父母。他们选择了放手,决定给予儿子更大的自由。于

比尔盖茨谈能源(TED字幕)

I’m going to talk today about energy and climate. And that might seem a bit surprising because my full-time work at the foundation is mostly about vaccines and seeds,about the things that we need to invent and deliver to help the poorest two billion live better lives. But energy and climate are extremely important to these people,in fact,more important than anyone else on the planet. The climate getting worse means that many years that many years,their crops won’t grow . There will be too much rain,not enough rain,things will change in ways that their fragile environment simply can’t support. And that leads to starvation,it leads to uncertainty,it leads to unrest. So, the price of energy is very important to them. In fact, if you could pick just one thing to lower th- e price of, to reduce poverty, by far you would pick energy. Now ,the price of energy has become down over time. Really advanced civilization is based on advances in energy. The coal revolution fueled the Industrial

比尔盖茨在哈佛大学的演讲(双语版)

比尔盖茨在哈佛大学的演讲(双语版) 比尔盖茨在哈佛大学做什么演讲?具体的演讲内容是什么?下面小编分享了比尔盖茨在哈佛大学的演讲(双语版),希望你喜欢。 比尔盖茨在哈佛大学的演讲全文如下(双语版) presidentbok,formerpresidentRudenstine,incomingpres identFaust,membersoftheharvardcorporationandtheboar dofoverseers,membersofthefaculty,parents,andespecia lly,thegraduates: 尊敬的bok校长,Rudenstine前校长,即将上任的Faust 校长,哈佛集团的各位成员,监管理事会的各位理事,各位老师,各位家长,各位同学:

Ivebeenwaitingmorethan30yearstosaythis:"Dad,Ialways toldyouIdcomebackandgetmydegree." 有一句话我等了三十年,现在终于可以说了:“老爸,我总是跟你说,我会回来拿到我的学位的!” Iwanttothankharvardforthistimelyhonor.Illbechanging myjobnextyear…anditwillbenicetofinallyhaveacollegedegreeonmyresum e. 我要感谢哈佛大学在这个时候给我这个荣誉。明年,我就要换工作了(注:指从微软公司退休)……我终于可以在简历上写我有一个本科学位,这真是不错啊。 Iapplaudthegraduatestodayfortakingamuchmoredirectro utetoyourdegrees.Formypart,Imjusthappythatthecrimso nhascalledme"harvardsmostsuccessfuldropout."Iguesst hatmakesmevaledictorianofmyownspecialclass…

比尔盖茨励志演讲稿:哈佛毕业典礼演讲

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比尔盖茨演讲稿

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比尔盖茨成功的小故事

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比尔盖茨案例分析作业

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比尔盖茨演讲:释放你的创造力 (中英对照)

I've been an optimist and I supposed that is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place. For as long as I can remember, I've loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It's was a clunky and teletype machine that barely do anything compared to the computer we have today. But it changed my life. When my friend Paul Allen and I stared Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vis ion of "a computer on every desk and in every home," which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believe that personal computer would change the world. And they have. And after 30 years, I still inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade.我天生乐观,坚信人类凭创造力和聪明才智可以让世界日益美妙,这一设想一直根植于我的内心深处。 自从记事起,我就热衷于接触新事物、挑战难题。可想而知,我上七年级时第一次坐在计算机前是何等着迷,如入无我之境。那是一台锵锵作响的旧牌机器,和我们今天拥有的计算机相比,它相当逊色几乎一无所用,但正是它改变了我的生活。 30年前,我和朋友保罗·艾伦创办微软时,我们幻想实现"在每个家庭、在每张办公桌上都有一台计算机",这在大多数的计算机体积如同冰箱的尺寸的年代,听起来有点异想天开。但是我们相信个人电脑将改变世界。今天看来果真如此。30年后,我仍然象上七年级的时候那样为计算机而狂热着迷。

比尔盖茨清华演讲(中英版)

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