American Dream and Benjamin Franklin 美国梦和富兰克林
BenjaminFranklin
BenjaminFranklinBenjamin Franklin: In His Own WordsIntroduction"Franklin gave us the definitive formation of the American Dream"—J. A. Leo LemayBenjamin Franklin's Autobiography is both an important historical document and Franklin's major literary work. It was not only the first autobiography to achieve widespread popularity, but after two hundred years remains one of the most enduringly popular examples of the genre ever written. As such, it provides not only the story of Franklin’s own remarkably influential career, but maps out a strategy for self-made success in the context of emerging American nationhood. The Autobiography is a major source f or exploring Franklin’s ideas on wealth and virtue as well as his motivations in pursuing a long life of active civic participation. It is also uniquely useful as the story of a successful working printer in eighteenth-century North America, revealing much about the art and business of the printer's trade that is not documented with such coherence elsewhere.Written over the course of several decades and never completed, Franklin's Autobiography is divided into four distinct sections that differ both in tone and in focus—though Franklin always intended the work to stand as a whole. As outlined by editors J. A. Leo Lemay and P. M. Zall, Part One was penned while Franklin was in England in July-August of 1771. This is also when Franklin most likely drew up his outline for the entire work. By the summer of 1782, both documents had been seen by a friend, Abel James, who wrote to Franklin urging him to resume theproject. Franklin drafted Part Two in 1784 while living in France. Part Three, dating from 1788-89, was composed when a Franklin now in his eighties had, after a long and distinguished international career, returned home to settle his affairs. This is also when he added most of his revisions. The shortest section, Part Four, was written when Franklin was in poor health in the last few months of his life.Part One of Franklin's memoir is addressed as a letter to Franklin's son William, perhaps as a literary conceit—and although the two would later become estranged over the events of the American Revolution, Franklin still preserved this aspect of the work. In fact, Revolutionary affairs figure little in the memoir. The four Autobiography sections completed by Franklin in his lifetime examine the earlier and formative periods of his life: his childhood and youth, his apprenticeship and flight to Philadelphia, his accomplishments as a printer and then as a scientist, and his civic involvements as a resident of Pennsylvania. Due to public interest in Franklin's later political accomplishments, most early printed editions of the Autobiography include added text written by others, which rounds out the story of Franklin's years as a national and international diplomat.The Autobiography, known variously as a Life or Memoirs before the 1840s, has an unusual and complicated publication history, with several competing versions of the text in circulation at once. Franklin named his grandson William Temple Franklin as his literary executor, but Temple Franklin was slow to bring an authorized edition of Franklin's memoir to print. Soon after Franklin’s deathin April, 1790, unauthorized extracts appeared in two Philadelphia magazines: Universal Asylum and ColumbianMagazine by Henry Stuber (installments from May 1790 through June 1791) and American Museum by Matthew Carey (July and November, 1790). The first book-length edition appeared in French, produced in Paris in 1791—but this translation was based on an early copy of Franklin's manuscript and included only an unrevised version of Part One. Like the magazine pieces, it also contained biographical material of which Franklin was not the author.A book-length English edition, The Private Life of the Late Benjamin Franklin, was published in London in 1793, a year after it had already appeared in German and Swedish. This English version was, however, a translation back into English from the 1791 French, so that the still-partial twice-translated text differed considerably from Franklin’s intended words. A second English retranslation appeared in London the same year, first in installments in Lady's Magazine, then as part of a two-volume set of Franklin's collected Works. By 1794, American editions printed in New York, Philadelphia and elsewhere, again based on one or another of the retranslated versions, began to circulate. And so it went back and forth across versions, languages, translations and continents for another twenty-four years. A 1798 Vie de Benjamin Franklin, for example, translated into French the English retranslation of the earlier French version of Part One, but also included a directly translated Part Two, which had not yet appeared in English.Although grandson William Temple Franklin's Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Benjamin Franklin of 1818 quickly became the standard version once it was available, it too was flawed. Mistakenly based on another still-incomplete copy of Franklin's manuscript, it did not include Franklin's final revisions of the text,or any of Part Four. Part Four first appeared in Me?m oires sur la Vie de Benjamin Franklin, a Paris edition of 1828, available once again in French translation before it appeared in English. It was not until 1868 and the publication of John Bigelow's Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin—at last based directly on Franklin's final manuscript—that all four parts of the work were at last printed together in their final form, and in English.。
American Dream (正式版)
Late Industrialization
Work values changed dramatically when the assembly line（流水线） production and machine driven atmosphere of industrial America swallowed up skilled workers .
他指出：美国梦是梦想的土地，每个人都 会有更好，更富有和更充实的生活，并且 那些有能力或成就的人总是充满机会。
• American Dream , is a belief that as long as the United States after a hard struggle will be able to achieve the ideal of a better life.
• “Early to Bed, and early to rise, makes a Man healthy, wealthy, and wise.”
Benjamin Franklin
诚实和勤勉，应该成为你永久的伴侣
Golden Age
In 1848, James W. Marshall found gold in California and people began having golden dreams. That 19th century “American Dream”
the Colonial Period
• The immigrants arrived in the North America in order to pursuit religious liberty, hunt grounds and personal success.
Benjamin Franklin
一、节制。 食不过饱，饮酒不醉
2. Silence Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation.
五、俭朴。 用钱必须于人于己有益，换言之，切戒浪费。
6. Industry Lose no time; be always employ’d in something useful; cut off all unnecessary actions.
六、勤勉。 不浪费时间；每时每刻做些有用的事，戒掉一切不必要的行动。 7. Sincerity
A writer as well as a statesman and scientist, Franklin was one of the most prominent figures in the Enlightenment movement. While borrowing from Puritan teachings his famous Thirteen Virtues（十三条人生准则）, he actually deviated from Puritanism by advocating(提倡) both personal happiness and social well-being. His ideal of a material success resulting from honesty and hard work was virtually the American Dream in embryo ( 胚胎).
Franklin earned the title of “The First American” for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity; as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies, then as the first United States Ambassador to France, he exemplified the emerging American nation. Franklin was foundational in defining the American ethos （民族精神） as a marriage of the practical values of thrift, hard work, education, community spirit （团体精神）, self-governing institutions, and opposition to authoritarianism both political and religious, with the scientific and tolerant values of the Enlightenment.
美国梦 the American dream
definition
5 2
criticism
root
6
Political leaders
3
history and today
The term “American dream” is used in many ways, but it essentially is an idea that suggests that anyone in the US can succeed through hard work and has the potential to lead a happy, successful life. Many people have expanded upon or refined the definition to include things such as freedom, fulfillment and meaningful relationships. Someone who manages to achieve his or her version of the American dream is often said to be “living the dream.”
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definition
5 2
criticism
Hale Waihona Puke root6Political leaders
3
history and today
The idealistic vision of the American dream often disregards discrimination based on a person's race, religion, gender and national origin, which might inhibit his or her ability to achieve specific goals. Critics also point out that many versions of the dream equate prosperity with happiness, and that happiness is possible without wealth or even in poverty. To some people, the American dream might be more about personal fulfillment than about economic success or owning property.
Benjamin Franklin本杰明富兰克林
Franklin’s Contributions to Society
Humanitarian
•American first circulating library •University of Pennsylvania •Philadelphia hospital •Pennsylvania militia
7. Sincerity: Use no hurtful deceit; think innocentl y and justly; and, if you speak, speak accordingly. 诚恳。不欺骗人；思想纯洁公正；说话也应诚实。 8. Justice: Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty. 正直。不做不利他人之事，切勿忘记履行对人有益 的义务而伤害他人。 9. Moderation: Avoid extremes; forbear resenting i njuries, so much as you think they deserve. 中庸。勿走极端；受到应有的处罚，应当加以容忍。
Its Content Its Style Its Significance Comments on it Thirteen Virtues
Content
Four parts written at four different times 1st part: 1771; a letter to his son; about 80 pages; his life before the age of 25 2nd part: 1784; his life between the age of 25 and 42; 3rd part: 1788; his social and scientific life; 4th part: 1790; his life between his retirement and death;
Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin
General features types of writing: diaries, histories, journals, letters,
travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons
Content : : serving either God or colonial
expansion or both Form: imitating English literary traditions
★American Puritanism（清g, American Puritanism just refers to the spirit and ideal of puritans who settled in the North American continent in the early part of the seventeenth century because of religious persecutions(迫害）. In content it means scrupulous （小心谨慎） moral rigor（苛刻), especially hostility to social pleasures and indulgences, that is strictness, sternness and austerity（苦行） in conduct and religion.
Benjamin-Franklin人物简介
The prototype of The American Dream
★ He appears on the American 100 dollar bill.
A marble statue of Benjamin
Memorial marble statue
c. The theories of electricity; first applied the terms “positive”and “negative” to electrical charges.
8
Success as a statesman政治家
He was the only American to sign the four documents that created the United States:
❖ No regular education
❖ Became an apprentice 学徒 of a printer when he was 12
blished lots of essays when he was 16
❖ Went to Philadelphia when he was 17 to make his own fortune
5
Jack of All Trades
A business man
A writer
printer A scientist publisher A statesman 政治家
diplomat
The prototype 原型 of the American dream
philanthropist
[fiˈlænθrəpist] 慈善家
American Dream (正式版)
and gave California its
nickname of theLeabharlann ―Golden State‖.
Early Industrialization
The ubiquitous（普遍存在的） ―rags to riches‖ legend（传奇） became a cornerstone of American society; anyone could succeed and achieve wealth if they worked hard .
–Oprah Winfrey
Oprah Winfrey
talk show queen in the world
Oprah Winfrey(奥普拉温弗里) is an
American media personality, actress, television producer,literary critic and magazine publisher.She has been ranked the richest African-American in the 20th century,the most philanthropic AfricanAmerican of all
所谓的美国梦（American Dream），是一种相信只要 经过努力不懈的奋斗便能获致更好生活的理想。
Six Basic Beliefs
• • • • • • individual freedom self-reliance equality of opportunity competition material wealth hard work
Alaska
Hawaii
What is “THE AMERICAN DREAM”?
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American Dream and Benjamin
Franklin
学校: 云南民族大学
学院: 外国语学院
班级: 0 7 级 A 班
**: ***
学号: 2 0 0 7 0 6 4 1 1 0
American Dream and Benjamin Franklin The so-called American Dream, is a belief that as long as the United States after a hard struggle will be able to achieve the ideal of a better life. That is, people have to work through their own hard work, courage, creativity and determination to move towards prosperity, rather than rely on specific social classes and other assistance. This is usually on behalf of the people in the economic success or entrepreneurial spirit.
American Dream---The statue of liberty was for many immigrants the first point of view of United States, It signifies freedom and personal liberty and iconic of the American Dream. The American Dream is the idea held by many in the United States of America that through hard work, courage and determination one could achieve prosperity. These were values held by many early European settlers , and have been passed on to subsequent generations.
In The Declaration of Independence have shown e American Dream thought:“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness.”
In my opinion, Franklin is embodiment American cultural diversity．Benjamin Franklin is one such person, commercially successful, ever concerned and involved with the public good, a great communicator, and a remarkable man of science and technology. Trying to comprehend Benjamin Franklin’s life and legacy is like trying to grab a shadow.Each time one tries to get a fix on the reflection，it darts away and grows even Larger
Benjamin Franklin is the embodiment of American Dream .Benjamin Franklin , who instructed his countrymen as printer, not a priest. He was a humanist; a master of diplomacy; a humanitarian who helped establish hospitals, schools, and libraries. He was a believer in the possibilities of human progress and the comfort of material success; and he was a prose stylist whose writing reflected the neoclassic ideals of clarity, restraint, simplicity, and balance. Franklin seemed to represent the age in his
paradoxical faith in both social order and in natural rights, in love of stability and devotion to revolutionary change. He was symbolic even in his success in the printing trade, for the eighteenth century in American was a time of an immense expansion of publishing that fed a growing and increasingly literate colonial population.
In that time, social order is the pursuit of wealthy, and freedom is the natural rights. Franklin seemed to represent the age in his paradoxical faith in both social order and in natural rights, in love of stability and devotion to revolutionary change. He was successful in business, renowned in science, the most modern spirited man of early American’s also severed his nation brilliantly.。