小学名词所有格讲义(教师经典整理版)
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名词的所有格
名词在句中表示所有关系、所属关系、动作执行者及动作承受者等意义时常需用所有格形式。名词所有格也称为属格、主格,它主要包括\'s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种表现形式。
一.'s 所有格的用法
例如:Jim's bed, the man's wife, children's toys, the fox's tail
例如:the students' books, Teachers' Day, my boss' office, a girls' dormitory
例如:today's newspaper,five minutes' walk,a ton's weight,
如:Joan and Jane's room(房间属二人共同所有)
Joan's and Jane's room(指Joan和Jane各自的房间)
an hour and a half’s walk (步行一个半小时的路程)
(1)表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词,其名词所有格后的被修饰语常常省略。例如:
I met her at the doctor's(office).我在诊所遇见了她。
He has gone to the tailor's(shop).他到服装店去了。
She went to Mr.Black's(house)yesterday.她昨天到布莱克先生家去了。
(2)名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,往往可以省略,以免重复。例如:
Whose pen is this?It's Tom's.这是谁的钢笔?是汤姆的。
The bike is not mine,but Wang Pinpin's.这辆自行车不是我的,是王品品的。二.of 所有格的用法--- of所有格由of加名词构成,其用法归纳如下:
例如:a map of the world, the story of a hero, the windows of the room
the sticks of the blind 盲人的拐杖
例如:the very long and graceful tail of the black cat 黑猫的又长又美的尾巴
例如:the children of the family 那家的孩子们
the son of a poor peasant=a poor peasant's son 一个贫农的儿子
例room number,tooth brush
三.双重所有格及其用法
's所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起,构成"of+所有格"形式,即双重的所有格。它通常表示部分观念,即全体中的一部分,在意义上与"one of..."相似,它主要修饰of短语之前的那个名词。此外,双重所有格与指示代词连用时,常带有感情色彩,如赞赏、不满、厌恶等。它的主要形式如下:
例如:a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友
an interesting story of his 他的有趣的经历
例如:He is a friend of my sister's.(=one of my sister's friends)
Look at that long nose of Jack's.看杰克的那个长鼻子。(感情色彩)
试比较:
a picture of Xiao Zhang 小张(本人)的照片
a picture of Xiao Zhang's 小张(具有的照片中)的一张照片
1.不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词(some,any,many,no,few等)以及which 等限定词,一般不与形容词性物主代词或's所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词,而采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。例如:
most of the students 学生中的大多数
three of them 他们中的三个人
I have read some books of his.我读过他的一些书
Which book of Qiong Yao's have you read?你读过琼瑶的哪一本书?
四.'s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别
请仔细比较下面三句话:
1.She is Mary's brother's friend.
2.She is a friend of Mary's brother.
3.She is a friend of Mary's brother's.
1句用的是's所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,突出friend一词。2句用的是of所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,强调突出了Mary's brother。
3句用的是双重所有格,侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一个,她只是其中的一个。
巩固练习:
1.March 8th is __________Day. (woman).
2.Taking twenty __________(分钟) exercise every day is good for your health.
3.The shop sells ____________(妇女) handbags.
4.Teachers in western countries have a __________(三个月的) holiday in a year.
5.I’ll give my English teacher a card for ____________Day. (teacher)
6.It’s only ten __________walk from the station to the hotel. (minute)
7.It’s an __________(hour) ride from here to the museum.
选择填空:
1.----How’s Joy’s skirt?
----Her skirt is more beautiful than ________.
A.her sister’s and Kate
B.her sister and Kate
C.her sister and Kate’s
D.her sister’s and Kate’s
2.This is _______ room. The twin sisters like it very much.
A.Lucy’s and Lily’s
B.Lucy’s and Lily
C.Lucy and Lily’s
3.In ______ time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too.
A.few years
B.a few years’
C.a few year
D.a few year’s
4.We will have a ___________holiday after the exam.
A. two month
B. two–month
C. two month’s
D. two–months
5.Did you hear the ___________report?
A. policemen
B. policemen’s
C. policemens’
D. policemens