英语语法专项
语法专项——现在分词的用法
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1．
否定式：not + 现在分词
（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。
e.g.They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。
（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式（being done）表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式（having been done）表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。
e.g.The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2．现在分词的句法功能
（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。
e.g.In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed, the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
（2）现在分词作表语：
e.g.The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
“be + doing”既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于“be + doing”表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。（3）作宾语补足语
以下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。
e.g.Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
（4）现在分词作状语
①作时间状语e.g.(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语e.g.Being a League member, he is always helping others.
由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语，表示伴随 e.g.He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
④作条件状语e.g.(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语：e.g.He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作让步状语 e.g.Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
3．怎样使用现在分词独立结构作状语
如果分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，可采用分词独立结构作状语。分词独立结构则：“名（代）词＋现在分词”构成，可在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。
e.g.Class being over, the children went home. 下课了，学生们回家去。
Nobody being in the room, I didn’t go in.由于房间里没有人，我没有进去。
Weather permitting, we’ll start tomorrow.如果天气允许，我们明天动身。
He went to the front door, his son following him. 他走向前门，他的儿子跟在后面。
4．注意固定结构的分词独立成分作状语：现在分词独立成分一般已形成固定结构，表示说话人对说话内容所持的态度或看问题的态度。
e.g.Generally speaking, we don’t agree with you.一般说来，我们不同意你的看法。Considering his age, the child reads quite well. 鉴于他的年龄，这个孩子读得相当好。Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. 根据你所说的来看，他应当成功。
5．现在分词的完成式和被动式
（1）现在分词完成式，表示在句子谓语之前发生的动作和状态，现在分词的完成被动式，表示发生在谓语之前的一个被动动作，它们在句子中一般只作状语。
e.g.Having learnt a little English, he tried to talk to the English actress.
由于原先学了一点英语，他试图同那位英国女演员说话。
Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?
人家给了她这样一个机会，她怎么能轻易放过？
Having being used for many years, the machine needs repairing.
由于使用了多年，这台机器需要修理。
（2）现在分词一般被动式，表示分词动作和谓语动作同时发生或正在发生，可用来作定语、宾补或状语。
e.g.He asked who was the man being operated on. （作定语）他问正在被动手术的那个人是谁。When we got to the hall, we found the lecture being given by Professor Liu. （作宾补）
我们到达大厅时，发现刘教授正在作讲演。
Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were very safe. （作状语）
由于有一堵墙掩护着，他们感到很安全。
6．区别动名词和现在分词：动名词和现在分词都是由v.-ing构成，在句中都能作表语和定语，而且都保留着动词的一些特征，有其完成式和被动态。那么v.-ing形式到底是现在分词还是动名词呢？下面有几种区别方法：
（1）如果v.-ing形式与被修饰名词逻辑上是主谓关系，就是现在分词，它相当于定语从句；如果逻辑上没有主谓关系，则是动名词，它可以用介词for加上这个动名词来代替，该介词短语应放在被修饰名词之后。e.g.
①a moving blackboard 正在移动的黑板
（moving：现在分词，a moving blackboard=a blackboard which is moving）
②a walking tractor 手扶拖拉机
（walking：现在分词，a walking tractor=a tractor which is walking）
③a swimming pool 游泳池（swimming：动名词，a swimming pool=a pool for swimming）
④a walking stick 手杖（walking：动名词，a walking stick=a stick for walking）
（2）如果v.-ing形式是说明主语怎么样，表示的是主语的形状、特征的是现在分词，现在分词起着形容词和副词的作用，在句中作宾补和状语，一般用how提问，后不带宾语，但可用very，so，quite等词修饰，也可用more和most分别构成比较级和最高级。如果v.-ing 形式是说明主语是什么，即主语的具体内容，强调主语的行为、功能和用途的则为动名词。动名词起着名词的作用，在句中作主语和宾语，一般用what提问，也可用状语来修饰，但不能用程度副词very，much等修饰。e.g.
①The news is very exciting.（exciting：现在分词）
②Laying eggs is her full-time job.（laying：动名词）
③This book is more interesting than that one.（interesting：现在分词）
（3）动名词作表语和主语间可以划等号，甚至可以交换位置。如上述例句②可改写成：Her full-time job is laying eggs.而现在分词充当表语，不能同主语划等号，因此不能同主语换位置。例句①不能改写成：Exciting is the news.
（4）v.-ing前有冠词、物主代词、名词所有格或指示代词的是动名词，用来构成v.-ing形式的复合结构。独立主格结构中所用的v.-ing形式的是现在分词。
e.g.His coming was unexpected.（coming：动名词）
The Chinese are brave and hard-working.（working：现在分词）
It being hot, we went to swim.（being：现在分词）
1.the house on fire, he dialed 119.
A. To see
B. Seeing
C. Having seen
D. Being seen
2.I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth . A. fix B. fixing C. fixed D. to fix
3.We're to listen to her voice. It's to hear her sing.
A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure
B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure
C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure
D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure
4. a post office, I stopped some stamps.
A. Passed, buying
B. Passing, to buy
C. Having passed, buy
D. Pass, to buy
5.with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A. Comparing
B. To compare
C. Compared
D. Having compared
6.Here are some new computer programs for home buildings.
A. designing
B. design
C. designed
D. to design
7. a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp
A. To save
B. Saving
C. Saved
D. Having saved
8.The teacher came into the classroom by his students.
A. following
B. to be following
C. followed
D. having followed.
9.With the money , he couldn't buy any ticket.
A. to lose
B. losing
C. lost
D. has lost
10.There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn't make himself .
A. being heard
B. hearing
C. heard
D. hear
11.The result of the test was rather .
A. disappointed
B. disappointing
C. being disappointed
D. disappoint
12.I've never heard the word in spoken English.
A. use
B. used
C. using
D. useing
13.how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.
A. Not to know
B. Not knowing
C. Knowing not
D. Not known
14.Deeply , I thanked her again and again.
A. being moving
B. moved
C. moving
D. to be moved
15.With winter on, it's time to buy warm clothes.
A. came
B. comes
C. come
D. coming
16.the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.
A. Having shown
B. Showing C . Has shown D. Having been shown
17.He went from door to door, waste papers and magazines.
A. gathering
B. gathered
C. gather
D. being gathered
18.The student corrected his paper carefully, the professor's uggestions.
A. follow
B. following
C. followed
D. being followed
19.The price will save you one dollar for each dozen.
A. reduce
B. reducing
C. reduced
D. reduces
20.People in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.
A. live
B. to live
C. lived
D. living
21.The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn't make his point .
A. understand
B. understanding
C. to understand
D. understood
22.The scientists were waiting to see the problem .
A. settle
B. settled
C. to settle
D. settling
23.The library's study room is full of students for the exam.
A. busily prepared
B. busy preparing
C. busily prepare
D. are busily preparing
24.The ground is with leaves.
A. covering, falling
B. covered, falling
C. covered, fallen
D. covering, fallen
25.Lessons easily were soon forgotten.
A. to learn
B. learn
C. learned
D. learning
26.The wallet several days ago was found in the dustbin outside the building.
A. stolen, hidden
B. stealing, hiding
C. stealing, hidden
D. stolen, hiding
27.A person a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language all about his own.
A. to learn, to forget
B. learning, to forget
C. to learn, forgetting
D. learning, forgetting
28.different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality
A. To produce
B. Being produced
C. Produced
D. Having produced
29.The students in the university are all taking courses a degree.
A. coming to
B. going to
C. leading to
D. turning to
30.Many things impossible in the past are very common today.
A. consider
B. considering
C. considered
D. be considered
31.many times, he still couldn't understand.
A. Having been told
B. Having told
C. He having been told
D. telling
32.The old sick lady entered the hospital, her two sons.
A. to support
B. supporting
C. supported by
D. having supported
33.China is one of the largest countries in the world, 9.6 million square (平方)kilometres.
A. to cover
B. covered
C. covers
D. covering
34."We must keep a secret of the things here", the general said, at the man in charge of the imformation office. A. discussed, stared seriously B. being discussed, seriously staring
C. to be discussed, seriously stared
D. discussed, stared
35.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
36."Can you read?" Mary said to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointing
37.the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room
A. Writing
B. Having written
C. Written
D. Being written
38.Were you when you saw that wild animal?
A. fright
B. frightening
C. frightened
D. frighten
39.Properly with numbers, the books can be easily found.
A. marked
B. mark
C. to mark
D. marking
40.The child sat in the dentist's chair .A. tremble B. trembling C .trembled D. to trembled
41.At this moment the bell rang the end of class.
A. announce
B. announcing
C. announced
D. to announce
42.He walked down the hills, softly to himself.
A. sing
B. singing
C. sung
D. to sing
43.I had to shout to make myself above the noise.
A. heard
B. hearing
C. heard
D. to hear
44.The graduating students are busy material for their reports.
A. collect
B. to collect
C. collected
D. collecting
45.The cars in Beijing are as good as those in Shanghai.
A. produce, produce
B. produced, produced
C. produced, producing
D. producing, producing
46.When I came in, I saw Dr. Li a patient.
A. examine
B. examining
C. to examine
D. examined
47. a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly.
A. Having been given
B. Having given
C. Giving
D. Being given
48. a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon. A. Having been given B. Having given C. Giving D. Being given
49.He wrote a letter to me that his trip to Japan had been put off because of the bad weather
A. inform
B. informing
C. informed
D. being informed
50.He reads newspapers every day to keep himself about what's going on in the world.
A. inform
B. informing
C. informed
D. being informed
1.She caught the student (cheat) in exams.
2.When I got there, I found him (repair) farm tools.
3.When I got there, I found the farm tools . (repair)
4.Just then he heard someone (call) for help.
5.He worked so hard that he got his pay . (raise)
6.The missing boys were last seen (play) near the river.
7.(compare) with the old one, the new building looks more beautiful.
8.The workers had the machines (run) all night long to finish the work on time.
9.People in the south have their houses (make of ) bamboo.
10.(lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
1-10 BCBBC CDCCC 11-20 BBBBD DABCD 21-30 DBBCC ADDCC
31-40 ACDBC ABCAB 41-50 BBCDB BABBC Ⅱ、1. cheating 2.repairing 3.repaired 4.calling5.raised https://www.360docs.net/doc/623317553.html,pared8.running 9.made of10.lost
三年级英语语法大全 (1)
语法专项整理（一）名词 1、名词的种类： 2、专有名词：专有名词是指某个人、某些地方、某样物品专有的名称。Children’s Day 专有名词第一个字母要大写，前面不加a, an, the 3、单数名词： （1）一般名词，在前面加a：a book, a computer, （2）元音字母开头的名词，在前面加an： an egg, an orange（元音字母是：a, e, i, o, u） 少数例外: an hour, a university (以元音发音为准) 4、复数名词： 5、不可数名词：在不可数名词前只能加some（一些）, much（许多） （1）液体：water, milk, coke, coffee, juice, tea （2）气体：air, vapour （3）不能“个别的”存在：hair, rice, beef, meat, pork, mutton
语法专项整理（二）代词 1 2、物主代词 3、指示代词：this, that, these, those 如：This is my doll. That is Mary’s. Look at the those sheep. They are eating grass. 语法专项整理（三）数词1、基数词：表示数目的多少
2 语法专项整理（五）介词 1、介词的分类 2、at, on, in在表示时间时的区别： （1）at用于具体的时刻：at 10:05, at noon, at night,
（2）on用于具体的一天（常与星期、节日、具体的某一天连用，也表示某天上午、下午或晚上） on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on June 1st, on my birthday, on Friday morning, on the weekend, （3）in用于某一段时间（常与上午、下午、晚上连用，常与月份、季节、年份连用）：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in March, in spring, in 2007, 语法专项整理（六）There be 结构 1、概念：There be结构又叫存在句，表示某地存在某物。 2、There be 结构的肯定句 （1） There is + 可数名词单数 + 地点：There is a book on the desk. （2） There is + 不可数名词 + 地点：There is some water in the glass （3） There are + 可数名词复数 + 地点：There are some flowers in the garden. 就近原则：若句子中有几个并列的主语，be动词的形式和最近的一个主语保持一致 There is a book and 2 pencils in the bag. There are many flowers and a tree in the garden. 3、There be 结构的疑问句（把be动词提到句子前面，若句子中有some，要变为any） Is there a book on the desk? Is there any water in the glass? Are there any flowers in the garden? 语法专项整理（七）现在进行时 1、概念：表示说话时正在进行的动作。（提示词：Now, look, listen） 形式例句 第一人称单数 + am + 现在分词I am reading a book. 第三人称单数+ is + 现在分词He is doing homework. She is flying a kite. 第二人称单数/各人称复数+ are + 现在分词We are cooking dinner. They are cleaning the room. 3 规则例词 一般情况，加ing Walk-walking, do-doing e结尾，去e加ing dance-dancing, make-making, write-writing, have-having,
三年级英语语法大全
1、名词的种类： 2、专有名词：专有名词是指某个人、某些地方、某样物品专有的名称。Children’s Day 专有名词第一个字母要大写，前面不加a, an, the 3、单数名词： （1）一般名词，在前面加a：a book, a computer, （2）元音字母开头的名词，在前面加an： an egg, an orange（元音字母是：a, e, i, o, u）少数例外: an hour, a university (以元音发音为准) 4、复数名词： 规则： 不规则： 5、不可数名词：在不可数名词前只能加some（一些）, much（许多） （1）液体：water, milk, coke, coffee, juice, tea （2）气体：air, vapour （3）不能“个别的”存在：hair, rice, beef, meat, pork, mutton
1 2、物主代词 3、指示代词： this, that, these, those 如：This is my doll. That is Mary’s. Look at the those sheep. They are eating grass. 语法专项整理（三）数词 1、基数词：表示数目的多少
2、序数词：表示顺序 1、介词的分类 2、at, on, in在表示时间时的区别： （1）at用于具体的时刻：at 10:05, at noon, at night, （2）on用于具体的一天（常与星期、节日、具体的某一天连用，也表示某天上午、下午或晚上）：
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高一英语语法专项训练练习及答案
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