book7 Unit 4 Sharing grammar 语法

3、关系代词的用法
关系代词 指代 that which who whom 所做成分 是否可省略 人；物 主语，宾语 作宾语可省
物
人
人
人；物
主语；宾语 作宾语可省 主语 不可省 宾语 作宾语可省
定语 不可省
whose
4、关系副词
关系副词 when
where why
是否可 指代 所做成分 省略 时间
2、This is the very book __I’m looking 2.当先行词前面有only.any.few. little.no.all. for. very等词修饰时 3、This is the best __has been used 3.当先行词是形容词最高级或它的前面有形 against pollution. 容词最高级修饰时 4、What is the first American film 4.当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时 __you have seen? 5、I know the things and persons__he referred to. 6、Which is the bike__you lost? 7、They secretly built up a small factory which produced things__could cause pollution 5.当先行词既有人又有物时 6.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时 7.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用 which，另外一个宜用that
Unit 4 Sharing
Attributive Clause (restrictive) 复习限制性定语从句
1、定语从句的定义
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫 做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫 先行词。 引导定语从句的关联词有： 关系代词： that，who, whom whose, which
6.That was the year when _____I went to America.
注意事项
一、 只用thanything __you want to say for yourself?
1.当先行词是不定代词all much.little.somethin everything.anything.nothing.none.the one时
5. All the apples ____ that fall are eaten by wild boars.(野猪） 6. Can you think of anyone ____ that could look after him? 7. This is the best hotel ____ that I know. 8. He showed a machine whose _____ parts are too small to be seen.
答题技巧小结： 定语从句选关系词三步骤： 第一：找出先行词；
第二：把先行词还原到从句中 ，判断先行词在定语从句中的 语法功能（做主语、宾语、定 语或状语）;
第三: 选择合适的关系词。
综合练习：Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.
地点 原因
状语
状语 状语
否
否 否
Choose the best answers:
1.The last place _____we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D. it
2. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
3.在介词＋ whom/ which 结构中,介词的选择
on which I I will never forget the day ____ reached the Great Wall. at which the train Tell me the time _____ leaves.
根据先行词来判断
They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.
三、当先行词是case, point，situation,
condition,stage,position等表示抽象的地 方、地步、条件、形势、环境、地位等含义 的名词时，我们通常使用关系副词where。 There are cases_______he gets angry. A.which B.that C.in that D.where 解析：他也有生气的时候。
4. This is the best hotel in the city ___ I know. A. It B. where C. that D. Which
5.This is all____I know about the matter. A.that B.what C.who D.whether
1. Please take the second chair_______is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that
2.Is oxygen the only gas __ helps fire burn? A. that B./ C.which D.it 3.Finally, the thief handed everything _____ he had stolen to the police. （NMET98’) A. which B. what C. whatever D. that
二.使用关系副词应注意下列几点：
1. 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于 一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： 1）I still remember the days when on which ) I worked with you. (=＿＿＿＿＿＿ in which ) 2）The office where (=＿＿＿＿＿ he works is on the third floor.
1. The man ______ who/whom I saw told me to wait. whom I spoke was a 2. The man to _____ foreigner. whose father is an 3. I know a boy ______ acrobat. (杂技演员) 4. He saw a house whose _____ windows were all broken.
2. 介词+关系代词的情况
Are these two sentences right?
The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist. The city that/which she lives in is far away.
× ×
可见, who, that 不能用于介词之后。
be proud of ; turn to sb. for help 根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来 判断
4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的 一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关 系代词”的结构，如： e.g. There are 50 students in our class, ______________ two-thirds of whom (2/3的人) have been to Beijing.
8. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.
A. the way B. in that
C. the way which D. the way of which
填空： 1. Tom is the first boy _____left the room. that 2. Look at the boy and his dog that _____are coming this way. that have. 3. You can read any book _____I
解析：答案A 先行词her trousers在 定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词 where。
5. Stephen Hawking believes that the
earth is unlikely to be the only planet
______life has developed gradually.
A. which C. that B. where D. whose
填空：
whose name is Pochi. 1. Look at that lady ______
2. She is a teacher whom/that _________ I like very much. which/that 3. Those pictures _________ were drawn by Tom are nice. who 4. Those _____will go to the park stay here. that 5. That was all the money ______I had.
5. whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代 词”型，如： e.g. They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.