民国时期思想文化百家争鸣的表现—基于政治文化的角度

目录

摘要 (1)

ABSTRACT (2)

前言 (3)

一、民国时期关于政党的争鸣 (4)

（一）清末民初西方宪政对国内政党兴起的影响 (4)

（二）清末民初民主共和观念诞生 (4)

（三）甲午战后革命派出现 (4)

（四）革命派与保皇派的纷争 (5)

二、民国时期关于宪政的争鸣 (7)

（一）宪政的内涵 (7)

（二）辛亥革命打响，政治制度改革 (7)

（三）革命派与北洋军阀的纷争 (8)

三、民国时期关于民主的争鸣 (9)

（一）民主与民主宪政 (9)

（二）典型的民主方式——选举 (9)

（三）经济领域的民主 (10)

四、民国时期关于法制的争鸣 (12)

（一）民国初年的法治 (12)

（二）法治与宪政的关系 (12)

（三）法治对民国初年的影响 (12)

结论 (14)

参考文献 (15)

致谢 (16)

摘要

十一届三中全会以来，我国政府进行积极稳妥的政治体制改革。十六大报告中明确提出：“发展社会主义民主政治，建设社会主义政治文明，是全面建设小康社会的重要目标。”一百多年来，国人一直在这方面执着探索，期间虽历经苦难，仍百折不回，时光荏苒，犹如白驹过隙，举目向前，仍是步履蹒跚，不计其数的难题摆在国人面前。笔者认为，解决之道，需要群策群力、集思广益、兼容并蓄古今中外一切可资借鉴的经验、成果和教训。而本地化资源，无疑是我们最宝贵的改革之源。民国初期对于宪政的探索、对于民主议会制度的实践，在今天，其价值尤为可贵。重新审视那段尘封已久的历史，有益于我们透过层层迷雾，近距离考察民主、共和、宪政和法制的内在逻辑，解释我国社会政治文明进程中可能遇到的种种问题。这也正是本文选题的初衷所在。

而对于中华民国宪政历史的梳理分析，有助于增进对于我国国情和人文环境的了解，这样，在方案的设计上，才能更有针对性，也更具有可操作性。答案只能回答问题，永远不能解决问题，因此，本文的重点不是复述答案，而是探讨制度的内在运行和外部环境，力图通过研究这段历史的进程，寻找其失败的可能因素和制度漏洞。这也正是本文选题的现实意义。

关键词：民国宪政法治民主政党

ABSTRACT

Since the Third Plenary Session of the eleven, the Chinese government carried out the reform of political system actively and steadily. Sixteen major report clearly pointed out: "developing socialist democratic politics, the construction of socialist political civilization, is an important goal of building a well-off society." For more than 100 years, Chinese people have been in the exploring period, although the suffering, still pushing forward despite repeated frustrations, time flies, like a fleeting, looking ahead, is still the teeter, too many to count the difficulties faced by Chinese people. The author thinks, the solution, need to work and pull together, benefit by mutual discussion, fully inclusive and equitable at all times and in all countries all the experiences, achievements and lessons. While localized resources, is the source of our most valuable reform. The beginning of the Republic of China for the exploration, the practice of constitutional government, parliamentary democracy in today, its value is particularly valuable. Re-examine the dust-laden history, beneficial to us through the layers of fog, near the inner logic of Democratic Republic, distance, constitutional and legal system, all kinds of problems in interpretation of China's political civilization in the social process. This is the topic of this article original intention.

As the constitutional research, is the contention of a hundred schools of thought, all flowers bloom together. As for the ROC constitutional history analysis, contribute to a better understanding of China's national conditions and cultural environment, so, in the design, to a more targeted, more workable. The answer can only answer the question, can never solve the problem, therefore, the focus of this paper is not to repeat the answer, but on internal and external environment, through the study of this period of history process, looking for possible factors and the loopholes in the system of the failure. This is the practical significance of this topic.

Key word ：constitutionalism law democracy party