动词-ing形式用法归纳

高三复习学案

学习目标：

1. 复习并掌握动词ing形式的构成以及ing形式的用法;

2. 能基本弄清Ing形式和过去分词以及不定式的用法。

一：动词ing形式的构成规律有哪些?各举一个例子说明.

例如：1. 在动词后直接加ing , walk→walking

二.动词－ing形式用法归纳

1. 动词ing形式的构成，填下面的表格

分词的否定形式：

三．Ing形式用法探究

探究1：Ing形式的句法功能

动词的-ing形式，可以在句子中作主语﹑宾语和表语﹑定语和补足语；

动词ing形式还可以在句子中做状语：1) 时间状语2). 结果状语3). 伴随状语，方式状语或补充说明4). 原因状语5）作让步状语6) 作条件状语

说出下列句子中ing形式在句中做什么成分

1.Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin .

2.Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes .

3. Knowing all this , they made me pay for the damage .

4. I heard someone knocking at the door.

5. While walking slowly on the street, Tom met one of his old friends.

6. Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.

7. I stood by the door ,not daring to say a word .

8. The bridge being built is designed by his uncle .

9. Not knowing her address, I can’t write to her.

注意：分词与主句主语是主谓关系；否定副词放在分词之前

探究2 ing形式用在with 复合结构和独立主格结构中

1．with 的复合结构

The policemen made their way into the forest with a hunter leading the way.

知识拓展：with复合结构与其他非谓语动词形式的运用

With his eyes fixed on the wall, Tom lay on the floor.

With a lot of work to deal with , Jim can’t go out with his friends.

2. 独立主格结构

If weather permits, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow.

=Weather permitting, we will go out for a picnic tomorrow.

There is nobody in the room. Come in and have a chat.

=There being nobody in the room, come in…知识拓展

1.在动词ing形式前可加连词

为了强调与谓语动词同时发生，在动词的-ing 之前可用when或while；为强调在谓语动词之前或之后发生，在动词的-ing 之前可用before或after.

E.g. Don’t laugh, while eating.

Before going abroad, he studied in Peking University.

After watching TV, he went to bed.

2 在动词的-ing 之前可用on或upon, 表示”一….就…”

.E.g. On/Upon arriving in Bejing, he went to see his uncle.

3.为了强调结果, 可在动词的-ing 之前用thus.

E.g. My friend Lucy works hard, thus getting praised by her boss.

4. 在动词的-ing 之前可用though或although,

E.g. Though working hard, he couldn’t make enough money to pay off his debts. 探究3 动词ing的一般式与完成式，主动与被动形式在句中的运用

1) 动词－ing形式的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生﹑几乎同时发生或在谓语动词前发生。

Working hard, you will succeed in the experiment.

Walking down the valley, they came across a big cave.

_____________________ (听到这个消息) ,she burst into tears.

2) 动词－ing形式的完成式having done表示动作先于谓语动词动作发生。Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.

3）动词－ing形式的被动式being done表示这个被动动作正在进行，或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生，如：Being repaired, the car can’t be used.

_______________(正在粉刷)，the museum can’t be used now .(paint)

This is one of the experiments __________(正在进行) on in our lab.(carry)

4动词－ing形式的完成式的被动having been done表示这个被动动作发生于谓语之前

Having been shown the lab, the visitor looked around the stadium.

= Shown the lab, the visitor looked around the stadium. 可以用过去分词代替

但是，having been done在句中只作状语，不作定语；如果需要用完成形式作定语，就用定语从句。

The bridge __________________(已经建好的) well is very beautiful. (build)

5.作表语的-ing 形式

-ing 形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但作表语的-ing 形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。

What worries me most is Julia's staying too late every night. 我担心的是她天天晚上熬夜熬得太迟。（staying too late every night的逻辑主语是Julia）

The main problem is your not having practiced a lot. 主要的问题是你缺乏大量的练习。（not having practiced a lot的逻辑主语是you）

23.What worried the boy was_____to visit his

father in the hospital.

A.his not allowing

B.his not being allowed.

C.his being not allowed

D.having not been allowed

6.考查on/upon + V-ing形式作时间状语

【考点说明】on/upon + V-ing形式作时间状语,V-ing形式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。

【典型题例】________ my arriving in Beijing, I will write to you.

A. In

B. At

C. On

D. With