光纤光栅压力传感器

The research of FBG pressure sensing on the application of engineering
ABSTRACT
Fiber grating is one of the most rapid passive optical fiber components in recent years. Since 1978, the year when K.O.Hill and others first used the standing wave writing way in the germanium-doped fiber and make the world's first fiber grating, because of its’ many unique advantages, the use of the fiber grating in optical fiber communications Fields and fiber optic sensor Fields are broad prospected. With fiber grating manufacturing technology continues to improve, and the outcome of the application increasing, the fiber grating has been one of the most promising and representative optical passive components. The emergence of fiber grating makes many of the complex all-fiber communications and sensor networks possible, which greatly widened the scope of application of optical fiber technology.
As sensor component, fiber grating also possesses other special functions. For example, high ability of resisting electromagnetism disturb, small size and weight, high temperature-proof, high ability of multiplex, being liable to connect with fiber, low loss, good spectrum characteristic, erosion-proof, high sensitivity, being liable to deform and so on. At present, the sensor that adopts FBG (fiber Bragg grating) as sensor components has become the main stream of development and cultivation. Pressure is the direct cause of the drifting of the Bragg wavelength of the grating, so research on the FBG pressure sensing character in-depth is important to the FBG sensing technology.
The design is on the basis of understanding of FBG sensing elements; explore the using of FBG pressure character, so research on the FBG pressure sensing character in-depth is important to the FBG sensing technology. Bring forward a package project that can be used and the text.
1. Generally introducing the history of the development of the
optical fiber grating, the classification and the writing technology of the FBG. And the development and application of technology of the FBG sensing technology.
2. Analyzing the principal theory of FBG sensing, and
comprehensively analyzing the multiplexing techniques of fiber gratings such as WDM、TDM、SDM etc.
3．Studying the pressure sensing character of the bare grating and self-produced fiber grating pressure sensor. Expounding the theory and structure of packaging and doing the related experiment, we also analyzing the data and drawing the relevant conclusion on the experiment. In addition, the application of birefringence overcomes the cross-sensitization of temperature and pressure.
Key words: Optical Fiber Grating, Optical Fiber Bragg Grating, Sensing, Sensing Character, Pressure Sensing, Pressure
Sensing Character
光纤光栅压力传感器工程化研究
摘要
光纤光栅是最近几年发展最为迅速的光纤无源器件之一。

自从1978年K.O.Hill 等人首先在掺锗光纤中采用驻波写入法制成世界上第一只光纤光栅以来，由于它具有许多独特的优点，因而在光纤通信、光纤传感等领域均有广阔的应用前景。

随着光纤光栅制造技术的不断完善，应用成果的日益增多，使得光纤光栅成为目前最有发展前途，最具代表性的光纤无源器件之一。

由于光纤光栅的出现，使许多复杂全光纤通信和传感网成为可能，极大拓宽了光纤技术的应用范围。

光纤光栅作为传感元件还具有一些独特的性质，例如：抗电磁干扰能力强、尺寸小、重量轻、耐温性好、复用能力强、易与光纤连接、低损耗、光谱特性好、耐腐蚀、高灵敏度、易形变等等。

目前，已报道的光纤光栅传感器可以检测的物理量有：温度、应变、压力、位移、压强、扭角、扭矩（扭应力）、加速度、电流、电压、磁场、频率、浓度、热膨胀系数、振动等，其中一部分光纤光栅传感系统已经实际应用。

而以布拉格光纤光栅(FBG: fiber Bragg grating)为传感元件的传感器已成为研发主流。

压力则是光栅布拉格波长发生漂移的直接原因之一，研究光纤光栅的压力传感特性对深入研究光纤光栅传感技术有重要意义。

本设计在深入理解光纤光栅传感机理的基础上，探索利用光纤光栅进行压力传感的工程化封装技术，提出一种工程上可实际利用的封装方案并进行实验。

主要包括以下内容：
1、概述了光纤及光纤光栅发展的历史，介绍了光纤光栅的分类与光纤
光栅传感技术的发展与应用。

2、分析了光纤光栅传感的基本原理
3、研究了裸光栅的应变传感特性，并自行制作了光纤光栅压力传感器，
阐述了其封装原理与结构并进行了相关实验，并在实验的基础上进
行了数据分析并得出相关结论。

另外，在此基础上，就温度、压力
交叉敏感问题提出了相关温度补偿解决方案。

关键词：光纤光栅，光纤Bragg光栅，传感，传感特性，压力传感，压力传感特性。