英语句子成分讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

1. 主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物。可以由名词（短语），代词（短语），动名词（短语），数词(短语)，非谓语动词（to do/ doing), 主语从句充当。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）

He likes dancing. （代词）

Five and four is nine. (数词)

Seeing is believing. （动名词）

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To see is to believe. （不定式）

What he needs is a book. （主语从句）

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句

是真正主语）

2. 谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征。可以由动词或动词短语充当，或由系动词+表语充当。

We study English.

!

He is asleep.

The police will look into the case.（复合谓语）

The earth moves around the sun.

He is cooking in the kitchen.

She called me last night.

Tom can swim.

3. 表语（predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。可以又名词(短语)，代词（短语），数词（短语），介词短语，副词（短语），非谓语动词和从句充当。

—

He is a teacher. （名词）

Five and five is ten. （数词）

He is asleep. （形容词）

His father is in. （副词）

The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)

My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）

Her dream is to be a lawyer.（不定式）

—

The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）

（常见的系动词有全系动词be; 表感官的系动词sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）; 表保持的系动词remain （保持，仍是）, keep, stay; 表变化的系动词turn, get, become, go; 表终止的系动词turn out(结果是，被证明是)，prove被证明是。

It sounds a good idea.

Her voice sounds sweet.

Tom looks thin.

The food smells delicious.

The door remains open.

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Trees turn green in spring.

Her plan turns out a success.

4. 宾语：可以由名词(短语)，代词(短语)，数词(短语)，动名词(doing), 不定式(to do)和宾语从句充当。

1）动作的承受者-----动宾

I like China. （名词）

He hates you. （代词）

We need two. （数词）

.

We should help the old and the poor.

I enjoy working with you. （动名词）

I hope to see you again. （不定式）

Did you write down what he said （宾语从句）

2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

Are you afraid of the snake.

Under the snow, there are many rocks.

)

Upon finishing his studies, he started traveling in China.

He spent five dollars on this book.

She goes to school on foot.

3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

He gave me a book yesterday.

Give the poor man some money.

Please show me your ticket.

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My father bought me a new computer.

常见的双宾语及物动词：give, show, teach, lend, send, tell, buy等。

5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式(to do)，现在分词(doing)，过去分词(done)充当。

We elected him monitor. （名词）

We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名词）

We will make them happy. （形容词）

?

We found nobody in. (副词)

Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）

Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）

His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）

Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）

I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）

6.主补：对主语的补充。

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(注：主动语态中的宾语补足语就是被动语态中的主语补足语)

He was elected monitor.