DNV挪威船级社船规

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DNV中文规范第3篇

第1节一般规定A. 入级A 100 适用范围101本章规范适用于船长小于100m的授予主船级船舶的钢质船体结构。

102在铝材和木材允许作为代用材料时，本章规范也适用于铝质结构和木质甲板。

A 200 船级符号201授予主船级所用的船级符号，已在第1篇第1章中说明。

202本章中规定了下列特征船级符号：B. 定义B 100 符号101L —船长（m），定义为夏季载重水线上，从艏柱前缘至舵杆中心线的纵向距离；L应取为不小夏季载重水线总长的96%，但不必大于97%。

对于非常规首、尾布置的船舶，船长L将作特别考虑；F.P.—首垂线，系指夏季载重水线与首柱前缘交点处的铅垂线。

对具有非常规船首设计，其F.P.的位置将作特别考虑；A.P.—尾垂线，系指L末端的铅垂线；Amidships— L的中部；LF—按《国际载重线公约》定义的船长；系指量自平板龙骨上缘的最小型深的85%处水线总长的96%，或为沿该水线从首柱前缘至舵杆中心线的长度，取其大者。

当船舶设计具有倾斜龙骨时，其计量船长的水线应与设计水线平行；B —在夏季载重水线处量取的最大型宽（m）；D—型深（m），定义为在舯处这基线量起至最高连续甲板型线的垂直距离；DF—最小型深（m），取为自平板龙骨上缘至舷侧干舷甲板横梁上缘之间的垂直距离；在具有圆弧舷边的船上，此型深应量至甲板与舷侧外板型线的交点，这些型线的延伸就象舷边为角状设计；如干舷甲板呈梯级状，且其升高部分延伸于确定型深之处，则此型深应量至沿甲板较低部分延伸且平行于升高部分的参考线；T—平均夏季型吃水（m）；△—吃水T时在海水（密度1.025t/m3）中的型排水量（t）。

CB—方型系数，=LBTD025.1对于推船刚性联结的驳船，CB应按驳船/推船的组合体进行计算；CBF—按《国际载重线公约》定义的方型系数：=FFBTL▽—以型吃水TF算得的型排水体积，不包括轴包架；TF—最小型深的85%；V —最大服务航速（kn），定义为船舶在最深航行吃水时持续使用的设计最大航速；go—标准重力加速度，go= 9.81m/s2 ；f1—取决于材料强度级别的材料系数，见第2节；tk—第2节D200D300规定的腐蚀裕量，及相关内容；x—船舶的纵向坐标轴；y—船舶的横向坐标轴；z—船舶的垂向坐标轴；E—材料的弹性模量；= 2.06 • 105（N/mm2），对于钢；= 0.69 • 105（N/mm2），对于铝合金；CW—第4节B200规定的波浪载荷系数。

挪威船级社近海箱标准DNV 2-7-1讲解

STANDARD FOR CERTIFICATIONNo. 2.7-1 OFFSHORE CONTAINERSAPRIL 2006D ET N ORSKE V ERITASFOREWORDDET NORSKE VERITAS (DNV) is an autonomous and independent foundation with the objectives of safeguarding life, prop-erty and the environment, at sea and onshore. DNV undertakes classification, certification, and other verification and consultancy services relating to quality of ships, offshore units and installations, and onshore industries worldwide, and carries out research in relation to these functions.Standards for CertificationStandards for Certification (previously Certification Notes) are publications that contain principles, acceptance criteria and prac-tical information related to the Society's consideration of objects, personnel, organisations, services and operations. Standards for Certification also apply as the basis for the issue of certificates and/or declarations that may not necessarily be related to clas-sification.A list of Standards for Certification is found in the latest edition of Pt.0 Ch.1 of the ”Rules for Classification of Ships” and the ”Rules for Classification of High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft”.The list of Standards for Certification is also included in the current “Classification Services – Publications” issued by the Soci-ety, which is available on request. All publications may be ordered from the Society’s Web site .Comments may be sent by e-mail to rules@Comprehensive information about DNV and the Society's services is found at the Web site © Det Norske VeritasComputer Typesetting (FM+SGML) by Det Norske VeritasIf any person suffers loss or damage which is proved to have been caused by any negligent act or omission of Det Norske Veritas, then Det Norske Veritas shall pay compensation to such person for his proved direct loss or damage. However, the compensation shall not exceed an amount equal to ten times the fee charged for the service in question, provided that the maximum compen-sation shall never exceed USD 2 million.In this provision "Det Norske Veritas" shall mean the Foundation Det Norske Veritas as well as all its subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees, agents and any other acting on behalf of Det Norske Veritas.April 2006IntroductionThis Standard for Certification was first published in May, 1989 as "DNV Certification note 2.7-1 Offshore Freight Con-tainers". It was prepared because other regulations at the time, whether international codes, national requirements or rules published by Det Norske Veritas, did not specifically cover offshore containers. A revised Certification Note was issued in May 1995. The basic strength and design requirements from the original edition were retained.Many other standards, codes and regulations exist for contain-ers, container-like units and related types of equipment. Inter-national standards, codes and regulations considered relevant have been taken into account when preparing this Standard for Certification. The most important of these are IMO's circular MSC/Circ.860 and EN 12079. In 1991 the European Commit-tee for Standardisation, CEN, started developing a European Standard (EN) on offshore containers. Technical committee CEN TC 280 prepared EN 12079, which was issued in 1999, and a revised edition will be issued in 2006. The requirements for design, testing and production of offshore containers in EN 12079 are directly based on DNV Standard for Certification 2.7-1. The relationship between this Standard for Certification and other standards, codes and regulations is outlined in sub-chapter 1.2.The Standard for Certification is concerned with certification of all types of offshore containers as transport units. The three typical phases of transport are: shoreside (e.g. by fork lift truck), by supply vessel and lifting to and from offshore instal-lations. The Standard for Certification includes design require-ments related to all three phases.Under conditions in which offshore containers are often trans-ported and handled, the "normal" rate of wear and tear is high, and damage necessitating repair will occur. However, contain-ers designed and certified according to this Standard for Certi-fication should have sufficient strength to withstand the normal forces encountered in offshore operations, and not suf-fer complete failure even if subject to more extreme loads.Changes in the 2006 editionThe Standard for Certification has been extensively revised, with changes in all sections. However, the basic design and strength requirements have not been changed, with the excep-tion of lifting sets. Detailed requirements, interpretations and guidances have been added throughout the standard and in the new appendices. Some requirements have been changed to align with the new EN 12079. New material requirements have been introduced for offshore containers that will only be certified for use in temperate climates. Many editorial changes have been made and the Appendices have been renumbered.The most important changes are:—Section 1 has been extended to include detailed references to other container standards and regulations.—The requirements for materials have been taken out of the design section and moved to a separate Section 3.—In the design section (now Section 4) there are several changes and additions, including protection on the top of open containers, allowable stresses in aluminium, clear-ances in padeye holes, requirements for fork pockets, test-ing of long containers with fork lift, and many additional guidances and notes.—In Section 5 (Production) detailed requirements for NDE have been added and the amount of production testing has been reduced.—Section 8 for lifting sets has been extensively revised. Ref-erence standards have been added, a new calculation method has been introduced, detailed requirements for sling and component certificates have been added and the marking tags on lifting slings have been revised.—In Section 9 the schedule for period examination and tests have been changed.— A new Appendix C has been added with guidelines and examples on strength calculations.— A new appendix D has been added with guidance on de-sign and calculations of padeyes.—Appendix E on calculations of lifting sets has been greatly extended.—IMO's circular on offshore containers, MSC/Circ. 860 has been added at Appendix I.—Existing Annexes 1 and 2 will now be included in the same booklet as the rest of the standard.— A new Annex 3 concerning containers for temperate cli-mates has been introduced. Containers certified to Annex3 have higher design temperature than required by the main requirements of this Standard for Certification, but are otherwise identical to standard offshore containers.Consequences:—Existing offshore containers that DNV have been certified according to previous versions of Standard for Certifica-tion 2.7-1 will also comply with the new standard. Re-cer-tification is generally not deemed necessary. However, on some containers the new requirements for lifting sets in Section 8 may give higher requirements for slings and or shackles.—Containers certified to this Standard for Certification will comply with the requirements of MSC/Circ.860.—Containers certified to this Standard for Certification will also comply with the requirements in the new EN12079 parts 1 and 2, and certification to this standard can be in-cluded at no extra cost.April 2006April 2006CONTENTS1.GENERAL (8)1.1Scope (8)1.2Relationship with other standards, codes andregulations (8)1.2.1The International Maritime Organization (IMO) (8)1.2.2ISO standard freight containers (ISO Containers) (8)1.2.3European Standard EN 12079 (8)1.2.4Standard for Certification 2.7-2 – Offshore servicecontainers (8)1.2.5Units for transportation offshore (8)1.2.6Regulations for Lifting Appliances (9)1.3National authorities (9)1.4Definitions (9)1.4.1Offshore container (9)1.4.2Freight container (9)1.4.3Units for transportation offshore (9)1.4.4Permanent equipment (9)1.4.5Primary Structure (9)1.4.6Secondary Structure (10)1.4.7Prototype (10)1.4.8Owner (10)1.4.9Lifting set (10)1.4.10Assembly secured shackle (10)1.5List of symbols (10)2.APPROVAL AND CERTIFICATIONPROCEDURES (10)2.1General (10)2.2Approval (11)2.2.1Approval Schemes (11)2.2.2Approval to other standards (11)2.2.3Documents for approval and information (11)2.2.4Design Review (11)2.3Certification (11)2.3.1Survey and certification (11)2.3.2Testing and inspection (12)2.4Certification of existing containers (12)2.5Maintenance of certificate (12)2.6Summary of procedures (12)2.6.1Procedure for individual (case-by-case) approval andcertification (12)2.6.2Procedure for type approval and certification (12)2.6.3Procedure for design assessment for type approval andcertification (12)3.MATERIALS (13)3.1Steel (13)3.1.1General (13)3.1.2Rolled, forged and cast steels in offshore containerstructures (13)3.2Aluminium (14)3.3Non-metallic materials (14)3.4Material certificates (14)4.DESIGN (14)4.1General (14)4.1.1Structural design (15)4.1.2Stability against tipping (15)4.1.3Protruding parts and top protection (15)4.1.4Design temperature (15)4.2 Structural strength (15)4.2.1Allowable stresses (15)4.2.2Load distribution (16)4.2.3Lifting loads (16)4.2.4Impact loads (16)4.2.5Minimum material thickness............................................174.3Welding (17)4.3.1Welding of padeyes (17)4.3.2Welding of other primary structure (17)4.4Design Details (17)4.4.1Padeyes (17)4.4.2Intermediate cargo decks (17)4.4.3Stacking and stacking fittings (18)4.4.4ISO-corner fittings (18)4.4.5Floor (18)4.4.6Fork lift pockets (18)4.4.7Container walls (18)4.4.8Doors and hatches (18)4.4.9Internal securing points (18)4.4.10Tugger points (19)4.4.11Equipment (19)4.4.12Coating and corrosion protection (19)4.5Tank containers and bulk containers (19)4.5.1Tank containers (19)4.5.2Tank containers for dangerous goods (19)4.5.3Containers for bulk solids (19)4.5.4Bulk Containers for solid dangerous goods (20)4.6Prototype testing (20)4.6.1Introduction (20)4.6.2Test equipment and calibration (20)4.6.3Lifting tests (20)4.6.4Vertical impact test (21)4.6.5Other tests (21)5.PRODUCTION (21)5.1General (21)5.2Primary structure (21)5.2.1Approved Welders (21)5.2.2Welding procedures (22)5.2.3Inspection of welds (22)5.2.4NDE procedures and NDE operators (22)5.3Secondary structure (22)5.4Production testing (22)5.4.1Lifting test (22)5.4.2Weatherproofness testing (23)5.5Production documentation (23)5.6Inspection and certification (23)6.MARKING (23)6.1Safety marking (23)6.2Identification and Certification Markings (24)6.3Information Markings (24)6.4Marking of Lifting Set (24)6.5Other Marking (24)7.PLATING OF CONTAINERS (24)7.1General (24)7.2Data Plate (24)7.3Inspection plate (25)8.LIFTING SETS (25)8.1General requirements (25)8.2Approval and certification of lifting sets (25)8.3Design of lifting sets (25)8.3.1Dimensions and Strength of Lifting Sets (26)8.3.2Lifting set components (27)8.4Materials (27)8.5Certificates for lifting sets and components (28)8.5.1Sling certificates (28)April 20068.5.2Component certificates (28)8.6Marking of lifting sets (28)9.PERIODIC EXAMINATION, TESTS ANDREPAIRS (29)9.1General (29)9.2Inspection, test and repairs on containers (29)9.2.1Schedule of examination and tests (29)9.2.2Visual inspection (29)9.2.3Non-destructive testing (30)9.2.4Repairs and modifications of containers (30)9.2.5Marking of the inspection plate (30)9.3Inspection, test and repairs on lifting sets (30)9.3.1Schedule of examination and tests (30)9.3.2Load testing of chain sling legs (30)9.3.3Non-destructive examination of sling components exceptwire rope legs (30)9.3.4Visual inspection of the lifting set (30)9.3.5Chain and wire rope slings and components (30)9.3.6Shackles (31)9.3.7Marking of the lifting set tag (31)9.4Inspection, test and repairs on tank containers 31 9.5Inspection reports (31)APP. ALIST OF REFERENCES (32)APP. BEXAMPLE OF OFFSHORE CONTAINER (34)APP. CGUIDELINES AND EXAMPLES ON STRENGTH CALCULATIONS (35)APP. DDESIGN OF PADEYE (37)APP. ECALCULATIONS OF LIFTING SETS (38)APP. FEXAMPLE OF DROP TEST (42)APP. GCERTIFICATE FOR OFFSHORE CONTAINER (43)APP. HDNV EMBLEM FOR OFFSHORE CONTAINERS (45)APP. IMSC/CIRC.860 (46)APP. JCERTIFICATE FOR OFFSHORE CONTAINER LIFTING SLINGS – EXAMPLE (51)APP. KCERTIFICATE FOR LIFTING SET COMPONENTS* FOR OFFSHORE CONTAINERS – EXAMPLE (52)ANNEX 1TYPE APPROVAL OF LIFTING SETS FOR OFFSHORE CONTAINERS ...................................531.INTRODUCTION.. (53)2.SCOPE (53)3.GENERAL (53)3.1Documentation to be submitted (53)3.1.1Documentation for type approval of lifting slings (53)3.1.2Documentation for type approval of lifting setcomponents (53)3.1.3General documentation from the manufacturer (53)3.2Validity (53)3.3Renewal (53)4.DESIGN REQUIREMENTS (54)5.MATERIALS AND MATERIAL TESTING (54)6.PROTOTYPE TESTING (54)7.MARKING AND TRACEABILITY (54)8.REQUIREMENTS RELATED TOMANUFACTURERS (54)9.TYPE APPROVAL CERTIFICATE (54)10.PRODUCTION AND CERTIFICATION (55)10.1Production testing (55)10.2Lifting set certificate (55)10.3Certificates for Lifting Set Components (55)ANNEX 2APPROVAL PROGRAMME FOR TEST FACILITIES ENGAGED IN LOAD TESTING AND NDT INSPECTION OF OFFSHORE CONTAINERS (56)1.GENERAL (56)1.1Scope (56)1.2Objective (56)1.3Extent of engagement (56)1.4Validity (56)2.REQUIREMENTS TO SUPPLIER (56)2.1Submission of documents (56)2.2Quality assurance system (56)2.3Qualification of personnel (56)2.4Supervisor (57)2.5Operators (57)2.6Personnel records (57)2.7Equipment (57)2.8Procedures and instructions (57)2.8.1Lifting tests (57)2.8.2Vertical impact test (57)2.8.3Other tests (58)2.8.4Non-destructive examination (58)2.9Administrative procedures (58)2.10Verification (58)2.11Sub-contractors (58)2.12Reporting (58)2.12.1Contents of reports: (58)2.12.2Prototype or production tests (58)2.12.3Tests on existing containers (58)April 20063.REPAIRS ON CONTAINERS IDENTIFIED ASA RESULT OF LOAD TESTS AND OR NDT. 583.1General (58)4.APPROVAL PROCEDURES (58)4.1Review of documentation (58)4.2Initial audit (58)4.3Special procedures related to control of supplier'srelationship with the parent company (58)4.4Certificate of approval (59)4.5Renewal of approval (59)RMATION ON ALTERATION TO THECERTIFIED SERVICEOPERATION SYSTEM (59)5.1Alteration...............................................................596.CANCELLATION OF THE CERTIFICATE OFAPPROVAL (59)6.1Right to cancel (59)6.2Information (59)6.3Re-approval (59)7.REFERENCES (59)ANNEX 3OFFSHORE CONTAINERS FOR USE IN TEMPERATE CLIMATES ONLY (60)1.INTRODUCTION (60)2.AREA (60)3.DESIGN TEMPERATURE (60)4.MARKING (60)5.DATA PLATE (60)April 20061. General1.1 ScopeThis Standard for Certification applies for transport related re-quirements for offshore containers with respect to design, manufacture, testing, certification, marking and periodic in-spection.The Standard for Certification covers the container structure and any permanent equipment for handling, filling, emptying, refrigerating, heating and safety purposes.The intention is that offshore containers shall meet the follow-ing requirements:—Be safe in use with regard to:—lives—environment—hazard to the vessel/installationBe suitable for repeated use through choice of:—material—protection—ease of repair and maintenance.The requirements in this Standard for Certification are based on a number of assumptions regarding the handling and oper-ation of offshore containers:—They are lifted individually by crane hook attached to top link of lifting set—They are not lifted by spreaders or using ISO container fit-tings—They can be lifted anywhere (world wide) by any crane with sufficient capacity and speed—For containers only approved for limited operation area (Temperate Climate) see Annex 3—They are only stacked if they are designed for this.—They are stacked only onshore or on offshore installations.Not to be stacked during transport on ships.—Cargo or loose installations are properly secured in the container.—The container is designed to give adequate protection to its cargo or to installations inside.—They are handled according to IMO’s “Code of safe prac-tice for supply vessels”.—Handling and operation is in accordance with local regula-tions.The Society may approve alternative solutions that are found to represent an overall safety standard equivalent to the re-quirements in this Standard for Certification. Such approval may be revoked if subsequent information indicates that the chosen alternative is not satisfactory.When the word "container" is used throughout the Standard for Certification, it means an offshore container.Use of the word “shall” implies a mandatory requirement when seeking the Society’s approval. Use of the word “should” im-plies a recommended approach, where comparable solution may also be acceptable.The passages throughout this Standard for Certification marked "Guidance" and “Note” are not to be taken as require-ments by Det Norske Veritas. Such Guidance and Notes are in-tended as practical advice and information for the designer, manufacturer or operator.This Standard for Certification often refers directly to various standards (EN, ISO etc.), or to “other recognised standard”. Recognised standard means a standard found acceptable by the Society.1.2 Relationship with other standards, codes and regulations1.2.1 The International Maritime Organization (IMO) IMO has issued both the International Convention for Safe Containers, CSC, and the International Maritime Dangerous Goods code, IMDG. Both of these are mandatory international regulations. IMO has recognised that the CSC convention is not directly applicable for offshore containers that are handled in open seas, and has issued a circular (MSC/Circ.860) with guidelines on certification of offshore containers. The IMDG code also requires that containers and portable tanks that are handled in open seas should be certified for this purpose. Containers certified to this Standard for Certification also comply with MSC/Circ.860, and this will be referenced in the certificates. The circular is reproduced at Appendix I.IMO has also issued the Code of safe practice for the carriage of cargoes and persons by offshore supply vessels (OSV code) which includes guidelines for handling, stowage and securing of cargoes.1.2.2 ISO standard freight containers (ISO Containers) Containers that are intended for sea transport on container ships are normally designed according to an applicable part of ISO 1496. Containers that are certified to CSC are in general also designed as ISO containers.Offshore containers designed and certified according to this Standard for Certification can also be designed and certified according to CSC And ISO 1496.1.2.3 European Standard EN 12079(At date of writing: new version only available as prEN 12079) The European Standard EN 12079 “Offshore containers and associated lifting sets” consists of 3 parts, see Table 1-1.Offshore Containers and lifting sets certified to this Standard for Certification also comply fully with prEN12079 parts 1 and 2 respectively, and this may be referenced in the certificates.1.2.4 Standard for Certification 2.7-2 – Offshore service containersWhen an offshore container is designed and equipped to be placed onboard a fixed or floating offshore installation to per-form specific services, it may be subject to regulations apply-ing on the installation and to the area where it is placed. Standard for Certification 2.7-2 “Offshore Service Containers”covers containers designed for such requirements.1.2.5 Units for transportation offshoreMany portable units intended for offshore use are not contain-ers as defined in this Standard for Certification. However, there is often a need for verification and certification of such units. DNV has therefore prepared a new Standard for Certifi-cation 2.7-3 for Portable Offshore Units with requirements for design, manufacture, testing etc. for portable units up to 50 000 kg.Offshore Units certified to that Standard for Certification are not intended to carry cargoes as their primary function, but Table 1-1EN 12079part:Title Equivalent sections inStandard forCertification 2.7-1Part 1Offshore containers –design, manufacture andmarkingSec. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7Part 2Lifting sets – Design,manufacture and markingSec. 8Part 3Periodic inspection,examination and testingSec. 9April 2006may carry loose equipment that is related to their intended service.The main difference between Offshore containers and “Units for transportation offshore” is: For such units, their fitness for use must be assessed for each design type, and may have to be considered for each transport event. Operational restrictions may be given in the certificate, or it may be required that the operator evaluate their suitability for each event.1.2.6 Regulations for Lifting AppliancesOffshore containers are not lifting equipment as defined by ILO, by the European Community’s Machinery Directive or by DNV’s Rules for Certification of Lifting Appliances. In-stead they are considered to be cargo units as defined in these codes and directives.However, requirements from these regulations and standards have been taken into account in the requirements in this Stand-ard for Certification, e.g. in the intervals for periodic surveys.1.3 National authoritiesIn cases where National Authorities have stricter requirements than this Standard for Certification, these may be incorporated in the certification procedures.Note:Some National Authorities may consider offshore containers to be lifting equipment.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---1.4 Definitions1.4.1 Offshore containerAn offshore container is a portable unit with a maximum gross mass not exceeding 25 000 kg, for repeated use in the transport of goods or equipment, handled in open seas, to, from or be-tween fixed and/or floating installations and ships.An offshore container comprises permanently installed equip-ment, see 1.4.4.Note:Other permanent or loose equipment will not be covered by the certification unless specially agreed. However, supporting struc-ture for heavy equipment, machinery, etc. will be approved ac-cording to 4.4.11.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---Offshore containers are also defined by the requirements throughout this Standard for Certification. Refer to definitions of primary and secondary structure below and in 4.1.Units for offshore lifting that are intended for installation and not for repeated transport are not considered to be containers. Likewise, units that do not have an outer framework with padeyes are not considered to be containers. Hence, these units are not covered by Standard for Certification 2.7-1. (See how-ever the definition of waste skip in 1.2.2.) Many such portable units may be eligible for certification according to DNV’s Standard for Certification for Portable Offshore Units1. Offshore containers may be divided into 3 main categories: a)Offshore freight container:Offshore container built for the transport of goods. Exam-ples of offshore freight containers:—general cargo container: a closed container with doors —cargo basket: an open top container for general or spe-cial cargo (e.g. pipes, risers)—tank container: a container for transport of dangerous or non-dangerous fluids—bulk container; container for transport of solids in bulk—special container; container for transport of special cargo (e.g. garbage compactors, equipment boxes,bottle racks).b)Offshore service container:Offshore container built and equipped for a special service task, mainly as temporary installation. (Examples are, lab-oratories, workshop, stores, power plants, control stations, wireline units).c)Offshore waste skipAn open or closed offshore container used for the storage and removal of waste. Normally constructed from flat steel plates forming the load bearing sections of the con-tainer, bracing in the form of steel profiles, e.g. channel or hollow section, being fitted horizontally around sides and ends. Waste skips may be open or have loose or hinged coversIn addition to the pad eyes for the lifting set these contain-ers may also have side mounted lugs suitable for attach-ment of the lifting equipment mounted on a skip lift vehicle.1.4.2 Freight containerRe-usable transport container, used for international traffic and designed to facilitate the carriage of goods by one or more modes of transport (including marine) without intermediate re-loading. See DNV "Rules for Certification of Freight Contain-ers, 1981". Also known as CSC Containers or ISO Containers.1.4.3 Units for transportation offshorePortable unit or package with a maximum gross mass not ex-ceeding 50 000 kg, for repeated or single use with a primary service function, handled in open seas, to, from or between fixed and/or floating offshore installations and ships. Units of this type are not considered to be offshore containers.1.4.4 Permanent equipmentEquipment that is attached to the container and which is not cargo.Note:May include lifting sets, additional fittings for handling and se-curing, filling, emptying, cooling and heating, intermediate decks, securing points, garbage compactors, etc.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---1.4.5 Primary StructureLoad carrying and supporting frames and load carrying panels. Primary structure includes the following structural compo-nents:—Load carrying and supporting frames—Load carrying panels (floor, ‘tweendecks)—Fork lift pockets—Pad eyes—Supporting structures for tanks—Supports for heavy equipment—Corner/knee brackets.Primary structure is divided into two sub-groups:a)Essential and non-redundant primary structure are themain structural elements which transfer the resulting cargo load to the crane hook or fork lift truck (i.e. forming the load path from the payload to the lifting sling), and will at least include:—top and bottom side rails—top and bottom end rails—corner posts—pad eyesApril 2006—fork lift pockets.Other primary structure may also be considered essential and or non-redundant.b)Non-essential primary structure are e.g. floor plates andother structural elements for which the main function is other than described in a). Deflector plates, stacking fit-tings and end plates on hollow section are considered to be in this category. This sub-group also includes protective frame members.Side and roof panels (including corrugated panels) are not con-sidered to be part of the primary structure and shall not be tak-en into account when evaluating the strength of the container. For waste skips the requirements in 4.1.1 apply.1.4.6 Secondary StructureParts that are not considered as load carrying for the purposes of the design calculations. Secondary structure includes the following components:—Doors, wall and roof panels, covers on skids—Panel stiffeners and corrugations—Structural components used for tank protection only —Internal securing points1.4.7 PrototypeAn equipment item, considered to be representative for the production and the product to be approved, used for prototype testing. The prototype may either be manufactured especially for type testing or selected at random from a production series. If manufactured specially, it is expected that the tools and the production process are comparable to those to be used for sub-sequent production.1.4.8 OwnerThe legal owner of the offshore container or a delegated nom-inee.1.4.9 Lifting setItems of integrated lifting equipment used to connect the off-shore container to the lifting appliance. This can comprise sin-gle or multi leg slings (with or without a top leg) and shackles, whether assembly secured or not.1.4.10 Assembly secured shackleShackle fitted to a sling leg and secured by a seal or similar de-vice, so as to signal, unambiguously, whether or not the shack-le has been exchanged.Note 1:Shackles that are captive in the thimbles are also considered as assembly secured.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---Note 2:Shackles that are assembly secured, i.e. can not be separated from the lifting sling, are considered to be part of the lifting sling.See 9.3.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---1.5 List of symbolsR=Rating or maximum gross mass of the offshore con-tainer including permanent equipment and its cargo,in kg; but excluding the lifting setNote:The mass of the lifting set is not included in R because the lifting set is often not available at the time of certification and because it may be replaced during the lifetime of the container.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---T=Tare mass. Mass of the empty container including any permanent equipment but excluding cargo andlifting set, in kg;P=Payload. The maximum permissible mass of cargo which may safely be transported by the container, inkg. (P = R-T)S =The mass of the lifting setF =Design load, in NL =Length of container, in mmR e=Specified minimum yield stress at room tempera-ture, in N/mm2.R m=Specified minimum tensile strength at room tem-perature, in N/mm2.R p 0.2=0.2% proof stress at room temperature, in N/mm2. RSL =Resulting Sling Load on padeyes, in N.T D=The design temperature is a reference temperature used for the selection of steel grades used in off-shore containers and equipment.g =Standard acceleration of gravity (~ 9.81 m/s2).l n=Nominal length of structural member, in mmn =Number of sling legst =Material thickness, in mm.v =Angle of sling leg from vertical in degreesy =Deflection of structural member, in mmσe=The von Mises equivalent stress, in N/mm2.Ψ =Load factorWLL =Working Load Limit, in tonnes. Maximum mass that a lifting component is authorized to sustain inlifting serviceNote 1:The WLL for lifting components that is specified in standards, product specifications, etc. is normally the WLL for general lift-ing service. For the special application of lifting sets fitted to off-shore containers, the WLL is enhanced as described in Section.8.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---Note 2:The term "Safe Working Load, SWL" is not used in this Standard for Certification. This term is not clearly defined for containers and should, therefore not be used when referring to offshore con-tainers. The term “Working Load Limit, WLL” is only used for lifting sets, not for containers.---e-n-d---of---N-o-t-e---2. Approval and Certification Procedures 2.1 GeneralOffshore containers designed, manufactured, tested and marked in compliance with the following requirements may be certified by Det Norske Veritas. At the end of the verification process a product certificate is issued by the Society and the Society's numbered certification emblem is affixed to the con-tainer.Certification consists of the following steps:—Design review—Inspection and testing of prototype—Production inspection and testing—Issuance of certificatesAn application for approval and certification should be sent to the local DNV office who will forward this to the approval of-。

DNV挪威船级社规范2003版中文 2.2金属材料1.

船舶/高速、轻型船舶和水面舰船入级规范新造船舶材料及焊接第2篇第2章金属材料2003年1月目录页码第一节结构用轧制钢 (2)第二节（略）第三节（略）第四节钢管及附件 (13)第五节锻钢 (22)第六节锚链用圆钢 (31)第七节铸钢 (33)目录第一节结构用轧制钢 (2)A通则 (2)B普通强度钢 (2)C高强度钢 (4)D超高强度钢 (7)E具有规定最小厚度的钢板及宽扁铁性能（“Z”向性能） (10)F试验 (11)G修补 (14)第四节钢管及附件 (15)A通则 (15)B常压管系用钢管 (17)C不锈钢压力管.......................................19 第五节锻钢. (22)A一般要求 (22)B船体结构和设备用锻钢件 (26)C轴系和机械用锻钢 (27)D曲轴用锻钢 (30)第六节锚链用圆钢 (31)A通则 (31)B试验 (32)C材料标记 (32)第七节锻钢件 (33)A一般要求 (33)B船体结构和设备用铸钢 (36)第一节结构用轧制钢材A 总则A100适用范围101本节规定了可焊普通强度、高强度、超高强度结构用热轧钢板和型材的要求，这些要求也适用于结构用无缝钢管。

本要求适用于厚度不超过150mm的钢材产品，对于更厚的钢材，按每种情况经考虑后可接受或要求与本规定有某些不同的规定。

本节包括了IACS UR W11和W16。

对轧制扁坯、方坯或圆钢作为锻件代用品要求见第5节。

102经本船级社特许，在化学成份、脱氧方法、供应状态和机械性能方面与本规范要求有所有同的钢材也可接受。

这类钢材给予特殊符号，见200。

A200钢材等级符号201本节钢材等级按强度等级划分为三组：---普通强度钢（NS）---高强度钢（HS）---超高强度钢（EHS）202钢材等级的字母数字标记为NVxy，其中：NV=按本社规范规定的钢材等级符号。

x=大写字母表示的相应于规定的冲击韧性试验温度，见表A1。

dnv规范

dnv规范
DNV规范是挪威船级社（DNV）针对船舶和海洋工程领域制定的一系列规范和标准。

这些规范覆盖了从设计、建造、操作到维护等各个方面的要求，旨在确保船舶和海洋设施的安全、可靠和高效运行。

DNV规范主要包括以下几个方面的内容：
1. 船舶设计规范：这部分规范主要包括船舶结构设计、船舶稳性计算、船舶操纵性等内容。

其中船舶结构设计规范主要要求船体结构必须具备足够的强度，以承受海上恶劣环境条件下的荷载。

船舶稳性计算规范则要求船舶必须保持良好的稳定性，确保船体不会轻易倾覆。

2. 船舶建造规范：这部分规范主要涉及船舶的建造工艺和施工技术。

其中包括对材料的选择和使用要求，对焊接和防腐处理等工艺的要求，以及对船舶建造过程中的质量控制要求等。

3. 船舶操作规范：这部分规范主要包括船舶的操作指导和安全管理要求。

其中船舶操作指导要求船员必须熟悉船舶操纵性和操作流程，确保船舶能够安全、高效地进行航行。

安全管理要求则涉及船舶应急救援、消防安全、船舶保险和事故调查等方面。

4. 海洋工程规范：这部分规范主要涉及海洋工程设施的设计和建造要求。

其中包括海洋平台的结构设计规范，海底管道的设计和布置规范，海洋风电设备的设计和安装规范等。

总之，DNV规范是船舶和海洋工程领域的重要标准，它不仅
涵盖了船舶和海洋工程设施的设计、建造、操作等方面的要求，更重要的是，它为保障船舶和海洋设施的安全和可靠运行提供了一系列具体的指导和标准。

同时，DNV规范的持续更新和
改进也为船舶和海洋工程行业的发展提供了重要支持。

DNV挪威船级社规范中文精编金属材料

船舶/高速、轻型船舶和水面舰船入级规范新造船舶材料及焊接第2篇第2章金属材料2003年1月目录页码第一节结构用轧制钢 (2)第二节（略）第三节（略）第四节钢管及附件 (13)第五节锻钢 (22)第六节锚链用圆钢 (31)第七节铸钢 (33)目录第一节结构用轧制钢 (2)A通则 (2)B普通强度钢 (2)C高强度钢 (4)D超高强度钢 (7)E具有规定最小厚度的钢板及宽扁铁性能（“Z”向性能）………………………………………...10 F试验 (11)G修补................................................14 第四节钢管及附件. (15)A通则 (15)B常压管系用钢管 (17)C不锈钢压力管 (19)第五节锻钢 (22)A一般要求 (22)B船体结构和设备用锻钢件........................2 6 C轴系和机械用锻钢 (27)D曲轴用锻钢 (30)第六节锚链用圆钢 (31)A通则 (3)1B试验 (3)2 C材料标记 (32)第七节锻钢件 (33)A一般要求 (33)B船体结构和设备用铸钢 (36)第一节结构用轧制钢材A总则A100适用范围101本节规定了可焊普通强度、高强度、超高强度结构用热轧钢板和型材的要求，这些要求也适用于结构用无缝钢管。

本要求适用于厚度不超过150mm的钢材产品，对于更厚的钢材，按每种情况经考虑后可接受或要求与本规定有某些不同的规定。

本节包括了IACSURW11和W16。

对轧制扁坯、方坯或圆钢作为锻件代用品要求见第5节。

102经本船级社特许，在化学成份、脱氧方法、供应状态和机械性能方面与本规范要求有所有同的钢材也可接受。

这类钢材给予特殊符号，见200。

dnvgl-st-0376标准

dnvgl-st-0376标准1. 引言2. 简介3. 标准内容4. 适用范围5. 标准意义6. 应用案例7. 结语1. 引言dnvgl-st-0376标准是一项关于某一特定领域的国际标准，它为行业提供了通用的指导原则和最佳实践，帮助企业提高业务运营水平，降低风险，提升竞争力。

2. 简介dnvgl-st-0376标准是由挪威船级社（DNV GL）制定的一项技术规范标准。

该标准主要针对某一特定领域（比如船舶、海洋工程、能源等）的设计、制造、运营和维护提供了全面的指导原则和要求。

3. 标准内容dnvgl-st-0376标准主要包括以下几个方面的内容：- 设计要求：包括设计计算、结构强度、系统集成等方面的要求；- 制造要求：包括材料选用、工艺流程、质量控制等方面的要求；- 运营要求：包括安全管理、性能监测、设备维护等方面的要求；- 管理体系要求：包括质量管理、环境管理、健康与安全管理等方面的要求。

4. 适用范围dnvgl-st-0376标准适用于以下领域的设计、制造、运营和管理活动：- 船舶与海洋工程：包括船舶建造、海洋评台、海洋装备等；- 能源领域：包括风能、太阳能、海洋能等新能源装备；- 其他领域：包括化工装备、石油设施、原子能设备等。

5. 标准意义dnvgl-st-0376标准的发布，对行业具有重要的意义：- 促进国际贸易：作为国际通行的标准，有助于各国企业开展贸易合作，提高产品质量，降低贸易摩擦；- 保障公共安全：标准的制定和落实有助于减少事故和灾害的发生，保障公共利益和生命财产安全；- 提升企业形象：遵守标准对企业的整体形象有积极的影响，有助于赢得客户信任和行业声誉。

6. 应用案例目前，dnvgl-st-0376标准已经在一些知名企业中得到了广泛的应用，取得了显著的效果。

比如某航运公司在船舶设计和运营中严格遵守该标准，有效提高了船舶的安全性和经济性，降低了维护成本，赢得了客户的信赖和好评。

7. 结语总的来看，dnvgl-st-0376标准的发布对行业具有重要的意义，它为企业提供了一套行之有效的指导原则和最佳实践，有助于提高业务运营水平，降低风险，提升竞争力。

DNV挪威船级社规范标准2003版中文4.6-管系

船舶入级规范新造船舶机械与系统主船级第4篇第6章管系2003年1月目录页码第一节一般规定 (2)第二节材料 (4)第三节设计原则 (8)第四节船舶管系 (10)第五节动力管系 (19)第六节管子、泵、阀、挠性软管和可拆接头等 (26)第七节制造、工艺、检查和试验 (37)目录第一节一般规定 (2)A入级 (2)B定义 (2)C送审文件 (2)D告示牌 (3)第二节材料 (4)A管系 (4)第三节设计原则 (8)A布置................................................8 第四节船舶管系 (10)A概述 (10)B 舱室和液舱排水的基本要求 (10)C货舱排水 (10)D 装货甲板处所的排水 (10)E 除A类机器处所和货舱外的干舱室的排水 (11)F A类机器处所的排水 (12)G驳船和趸船的排水 (12)H舱底泵和管路 (13)I压载水系统和压载舱排水 (15)J遥控的舱底和压载系统 (15)K 空气管、溢流管和测深管 (15)L 除闪点大于60℃（闭杯）的矿物有之外的液货舱 (17)M防止油污染 (17)第五节动力管系 (19)A通则 (19)B冷却系统 (19)C滑油系统 (20)D燃油系统 (20)E热油系统 (22)F给水和凝水系统 (22)G蒸汽系统 (22)H液压系统 (23)I气动动力源 (24)J气动启动装置 (25)第六节管子、泵、阀、挠性软管和可拆接头................................................26 A管子 (26)B泵和风机 (33)C阀 (34)D挠性软管 (35)E可拆管接头 (35)F 套管焊接接头和滑动套管焊接接头 (36)第七节制造、工艺、检查和试验 (37)A焊接 (37)B 铜和铜合金的钎焊 (39)C管子弯曲 (39)D 塑料管的连接 (39)E管系液压试验 (40)F效用试验 (41)第一节一般规定A 入级A100 适用范围101本章规范适用于授予主船级的船舶和驳船的机械和系统。

挪威船规

RULES FORCLASSIFICATION OFD ET N ORSKE V ERITASVeritasveien 1, NO-1322 Høvik, Norway Tel.: +47 67 57 99 00 Fax: +47 67 57 99 11SHIPS / HIGH SPEED, LIGHT CRAFT ANDNAVAL SURFACE CRAFTNEWBUILDINGSMATERIALS AND WELDINGPART 2 CHAPTER 2METALLIC MATERIALSJANUARY 2005CONTENTSPAGESec.1Rolled Steel for Structural Application......................................................................................7Sec.2Rolled Steel for Boilers, Pressure Vessels and Special Applications......................................19Sec.3Clad Steel Plates.......................................................................................................................29Sec.4Steel Pipes................................................................................................................................31Sec.5Steel Forgings...........................................................................................................................34Sec.6Bars for Chain Cables...............................................................................................................44Sec.7Steel Castings...........................................................................................................................45Sec.8Iron Castings ............................................................................................................................56Sec.9Aluminium Alloys....................................................................................................................58Sec.10Copper Alloy Castings.............................................................................................................62Sec.11Non-ferrous Tubes (66)CHANGES IN THE RULESComments to the rules may be sent by e-mail to rules@For subscription orders or information about subscription terms, please use distribution@Comprehensive information about DNV and the Society's services is found at the Web site © Det Norske VeritasComputer Typesetting (FM+SGML) by Det Norske Veritas Printed in NorwayIf any person suffers loss or damage which is proved to have been caused by any negligent act or omission of Det Norske Veritas, then Det Norske Veritas shall pay compensation to such person for his proved direct loss or damage. However, the compensation shall not exceed an amount equal to ten times the fee charged for the service in question, provided that the maximum compen-sation shall never exceed USD 2 million.In this provision "Det Norske Veritas" shall mean the Foundation Det Norske Veritas as well as all its subsidiaries, directors, officers, employees, agents and any other acting on behalf of Det Norske Veritas.GeneralThe present edition of the rules includes additions and amendments decided by the Board as of 29 November 2004, and supersedes the January 2003 edition of the same chapter. The rule changes come into force 1 July 2005.This chapter is valid until superseded by a revised chapter. Supple-ments will not be issued except for an updated list of minor amend-ments and corrections presented in Pt.0 Ch.1 Sec.3. Pt.0 Ch.1 is normally revised in January and July each year.Revised chapters will be forwarded to all subscribers to the rules.Buyers of reprints are advised to check the updated list of rule chap-ters printed in Pt.0 Ch.1 Sec.1 to ensure that the chapter is current.Main changes•Section 4 – Steel Pipes—This section has been renamed (former “Steel Tubes, Pipes andFittings”) and completely revised. The previous rules were based on ISO standards and detailed DNV requirements, while the new rules are based on the most frequently used industry standards like ISO, EN, ASTM, DIN and JTS. Specific DNV requirements have been restricted to cover additional safety measures and mat-ters as deemed necessary by the Society.Corrections and ClarificationsIn addition to the above stated rule requirements, a number of correc-tions and clarifications have been made in the existing rule text.Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005Pt.2 Ch.2 Contents – Page 3D ET N ORSKE V ERITASCONTENTSSEC. 1ROLLED STEEL FOR STRUCTURALAPPLICATION .................................................... 7A.General.. (7)A 100Scope.................................................................................7A 200Designation of steel grades...............................................7A 300Method of manufacture.. (7)B.Normal Strength Steel (7)B 100Scope.................................................................................7B 200Chemical composition ......................................................7B 300Heat treatment, condition of supply..................................7B 400Mechanical properties.......................................................7C.High Strength Steel (9)C 100Scope.................................................................................9C 200Chemical composition ......................................................9C 300Heat treatment, condition of supply..................................9C400Mechanical properties (9)D.Extra High Strength Steel (12)D 100Scope...............................................................................12D 200Chemical composition ....................................................12D 300Heat treatment, condition of supply................................12D 400Mechanical properties (12)E.Steel Plates and Wide Flats with Specified MinimumThrough Thickness Properties (“Z” Quality) (14)E 100Scope...............................................................................14E 200Manufacture....................................................................14E 300Chemical Composition....................................................14E 400Test Material...................................................................14E 500Mechanical testing..........................................................15E 600Re-test procedure............................................................15E 700Non-destructive testing...................................................15E 800Marking...........................................................................15E 900Certification (15)F.Testing (15)F 100Test material....................................................................15F 200Tensile testing.................................................................16F 300Impact testing..................................................................16F 400Inspection - tolerances....................................................17G.Repairs (17)G 100Surface defects (17)SEC. 2ROLLED STEEL FOR BOILERS, PRESSUREVESSELS ANDSPECIAL APPLICATIONS.............................. 19A.General (19)A 100Scope...............................................................................19A 200Method of manufacture...................................................19B.Steel for Boilers and Pressure Vessels. (19)B 100Steel grades.....................................................................19B 200Chemical composition ....................................................19B 300Mechanical properties.....................................................19B 400Heat treatment.................................................................19C.Steel for Low Temperature Service.. (23)C 100Steel grades.....................................................................23C 200Chemical composition ....................................................23C 300Mechanical properties.....................................................23C 400Heat treatment (24)D.Stainless Steel (26)D 100Steel grades.....................................................................26D 200Chemical composition ....................................................26D 300Mechanical properties.....................................................26D 400Heat treatment.................................................................26D 500Intercrystalline corrosion tests (26)E.Testing (27)E 100General (27)E 200Tensile testing at ambient temperature...........................27E 300Tensile testing at high temperatures...............................27E 400Impact testing..................................................................28E 500Drop weight testing.........................................................28E 600Testing of through thickness properties..........................28E 700Intercrystalline corrosion testing (28)F.Inspection, Dimensional Tolerances and SurfaceCondition (28)F 100Inspection........................................................................28F 200Tolerances.......................................................................28F 300Surface condition and rectification of defects (28)SEC. 3CLAD STEEL PLATES.................................... 29A.General.. (29)A 100Scope...............................................................................29A 200Heat treatment.................................................................29B.Base Material. (29)B 100General............................................................................29C.Cladding Metal. (29)C 100General............................................................................29C 200Chemical composition. (29)D.Testing (29)D 100General............................................................................29D 200Tensile testing.................................................................29D 300Impact testing..................................................................29D 400Bend testing....................................................................29D 500Shear testing....................................................................29D 600Ultrasonic testing............................................................29D 700Corrosion testing.............................................................29D 800Inspection — tolerances..................................................30E.Repair and Rejection (30)E 100Surface defects................................................................30E 200Rejection. (30)F.Identification of Materials (30)F 100Branding (30)SEC. 4STEEL PIPES.................................................... 31A.General Requirements. (31)A 100Scope...............................................................................31A 200Manufacture....................................................................31A 300Chemical composition....................................................31A 400Heat treatment.................................................................31A 500Mechanical testing..........................................................31A 600Leak tightness testing......................................................31A 700Inspection........................................................................31A 800Repair..............................................................................31A 900Identification...................................................................31A 1000Certification....................................................................31B.Pressure Pipes (32)B 100Scope...............................................................................32B 200Manufacture.. (32)C.Stainless Steel Pipes (32)C 100Scope...............................................................................32C 200Manufacture....................................................................32C 300Mechanical testing..........................................................32C400Corrosion testing (32)D.Pipes for Low-temperature Service (32)D 100Scope...............................................................................32D 200Manufacture....................................................................32D 300Mechanical testing..........................................................32E.Boiler and Superheater Tubes (33)E 100Scope...............................................................................33E 200Manufacture (33)Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005Pt.2 Ch.2 Contents – Page 4D ET N ORSKE V ERITASF.Piping Fittings (33)F 100Scope...............................................................................33F 200Materials and manufacture..............................................33F 300Testing and inspection ....................................................33F 400Certification (33)SEC. 5STEEL FORGINGS........................................... 34A.General Requirements. (34)A 100Scope...............................................................................34A 200Grading system ...............................................................34A 300Manufacture....................................................................34A 400Chemical composition.....................................................35A 500Heat treatment.................................................................35A 600Test material and test pieces for mechanical testing.......35A 700Test units and number of tests.........................................35A 800Mechanical properties.....................................................35A 900Inspection........................................................................36A 1000Repair..............................................................................36A 1100Identification...................................................................36A 1200Certification .. (36)B.Forgings for Hull Structures and Equipment (37)B 100Scope...............................................................................37B 200Chemical composition.....................................................37B 300Heat treatment.................................................................37B 400Mechanical testing..........................................................37B 500Inspection........................................................................37C.Forgings for Shafting and Machinery (38)C 100Scope...............................................................................38C 200Chemical composition.....................................................38C 300Heat treatment.................................................................38C 400Mechanical testing..........................................................38C 500Inspection (38)D.Forgings for Crankshafts (39)D 100Scope...............................................................................39D 200Chemical composition.....................................................39D 300Heat treatment.................................................................39D 400Mechanical testing..........................................................39D 500Inspection........................................................................39E.Forgings for Gearing. (39)E 100Scope...............................................................................39E 200Chemical composition.....................................................40E 300Heat treatment.................................................................40E 400Mechanical testing of forgings not intended forcarburising.......................................................................40E 500Testing of forgings for carburising applications.............40E 600Inspection (40)F.Forgings for Boilers, Pressure Vessels andPiping Systems (41)F 100Scope...............................................................................41F 200Chemical composition.....................................................41F 300Heat treatment.................................................................41F 400Mechanical properties.....................................................41F 500Inspection........................................................................41F 600Pressure testing ...............................................................41G.Ferritic Steel Forgings for Low Temperature Service. (42)G 100Scope...............................................................................42G 200Chemical composition.....................................................42G 300Heat treatment.................................................................42G 400Mechanical properties.....................................................42G 500Inspection........................................................................42G 600Pressure testing ...............................................................42H.Stainless Steel Forgings (43)H 100Scope...............................................................................43H 200Manufacture....................................................................43H 300Mechanical properties.....................................................43H400Inspection (43)SEC. 6BARS FOR CHAIN CABLES........................... 44A.General.. (44)A 100Scopes.............................................................................44A 200Steel grades.....................................................................44A 300Chemical composition (44)A 400Mechanical properties.....................................................44A 500Heat treatment.................................................................44B.Testing. (44)B 100Number of tests...............................................................44B 200Impact testing..................................................................44C.Identification of Materials. (44)C 100Marking (44)SEC. 7STEEL CASTINGS........................................... 45A.General Requirements.. (45)A 100Scope...............................................................................45A 200Grading system...............................................................45A 300Manufacture....................................................................45A 400Chemical composition.....................................................45A 500Heat treatment.................................................................45A 600Test blocks and test pieces for mechanical testing.........45A 700Test units and number of tests.........................................45A 800Mechanical properties.....................................................46A 900Inspection........................................................................46A 1000Repair..............................................................................46A 1100Identification...................................................................47A 1200Certification.. (47)B.Castings for Hull Structures and Equipment (47)B 100Scope...............................................................................47B 200Chemical composition.....................................................47B 300Heat treatment.................................................................47B 400Mechanical properties.....................................................47B 500Inspection........................................................................48C.Castings for Machinery (48)C 100Scope...............................................................................48C 200Chemical composition.....................................................48C 300Heat treatment.................................................................48C 400Mechanical properties.....................................................48C 500Inspection (48)D.Castings for Propellers (49)D 100Scope...............................................................................49D 200Chemical composition.....................................................49D 300Heat treatment.................................................................49D 400Mechanical testing..........................................................49D 500Inspection........................................................................49D 600Repair..............................................................................50D 700Welding procedure qualification test (50)E.Castings for Boilers, Pressure Vessels andPiping Systems (53)E 100Scope...............................................................................53E 200Chemical composition.....................................................53E 300Heat treatment.................................................................53E 400Mechanical properties.....................................................53E 500Inspection........................................................................53E 600Pressure testing (53)F.Ferritic Steel Castings for Low Temperature Service (53)F 100Scope...............................................................................53F 200Chemical composition.....................................................53F 300Heat treatment.................................................................53F 400Mechanical properties.....................................................53F 500Inspection........................................................................53F 600Pressure testing...............................................................54G.Stainless Steel Castings. (54)G 100Scope...............................................................................54G 200Chemical composition.....................................................54G 300Heat treatment.................................................................54G 400Mechanical properties.....................................................54G500Inspection (54)SEC. 8IRON CASTINGS ............................................. 56A.General (56)A 100Scope...............................................................................56A 200Quality of castings..........................................................56A 300Manufacture....................................................................56A 400Chemical composition.....................................................56A 500Heat treatment (56)Rules for Ships / High Speed, Light Craft and Naval Surface Craft, January 2005Pt.2 Ch.2 Contents – Page 5D ET N ORSKE V ERITASA 600Testing.............................................................................56A 700Visual and non-destructive examination.........................56A 800Repair of defects.............................................................56B.Nodular Cast Iron (56)B 100Scope...............................................................................56B 200Test material....................................................................56B 300Mechanical properties.....................................................56B 400Metallographic examination...........................................57C.Grey Cast Iron (57)C 100Scope...............................................................................57C 200Test material....................................................................57C 300Mechanical properties (57)SEC. 9ALUMINIUM ALLOYS.................................... 58A.Wrought Aluminium Alloys.. (58)A 100Scope...............................................................................58A 200Aluminium grades and temper conditions......................58A 300Manufacture....................................................................58A 400Chemical composition ....................................................58A500Test material and test pieces for mechanicaltesting (58)A 600Test units and number of tests ........................................58A 700Mechanical properties.....................................................58A 800Press weld testing............................................................58A 900Inspection and tolerances................................................59A 1000Repair..............................................................................59A 1100Identification...................................................................59A 1200Certification....................................................................59SEC. 10COPPER ALLOY CASTINGS......................... 62A.General Requirements.. (62)A 100General............................................................................62A 200Grading system...............................................................62A 300Manufacture....................................................................62A 400Chemical composition ....................................................62A 500Heat treatment.................................................................62A 600Test blocks and test pieces for mechanical testing.........62A 700Test units and number of tests ........................................62A 800Mechanical properties (62)A 900Inspection........................................................................62A 1000Repair..............................................................................63A 1100Identification...................................................................63A 1200Certification....................................................................63B.Castings for Valves, Fittings and General Application..63B 100Scope...............................................................................63B 200Chemical composition....................................................63B 300Heat treatment.................................................................63B 400Mechanical properties.....................................................63B 500Inspection........................................................................63B 600Repair (63)C.Castings for Propellers (63)C 100Scope...............................................................................63C 200Chemical composition....................................................64C 300Heat treatment.................................................................64C 400Mechanical testing..........................................................64C 500Inspection........................................................................64C 600Repair..............................................................................64C 700Identification...................................................................64C 800Certification....................................................................64C900Welding procedure qualification (64)SEC. 11NON-FERROUS TUBES.................................. 66A.Copper and Copper Alloy Tubes.. (66)A 100Scope...............................................................................66A 200Manufacture....................................................................66A 300Chemical composition....................................................66A 400Heat treatment.................................................................66A 500Mechanical testing..........................................................66A 600Inspection........................................................................66A 700Repair..............................................................................66A 800Identification...................................................................66A 900Certification....................................................................66B.Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tubes.. (67)B 100Scope...............................................................................67B 200Manufacture....................................................................67B 300Certification (67)。

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船舶入级规范新造船舶材料与焊接第二篇第二章金属材料2001年1月目录第一节结构用轧制钢材第二节锅炉、压力容器以及特殊用途轧制钢材第三节复合钢板第四节钢管及附件第五节锻钢件第六节锚链用圆钢第七节铸钢件第八节铸铁件第九节铝合金第十节铜合金第十一节耐热有色合金目录第1节结构用轧制钢材A．通则A 100适用范围A 200钢材等级符号A 300制造方法B．普通强度钢B 100适用范围B 200化学成分B 300热处理、供应状态B 400机械性能C．高强度钢C 100适用范围C 200化学成分C 300热处理、供应状态C 400机械性能D．超高强度钢D 100适用范围D 200化学成分D 300热处理、供应状态D 400机械性能E．试验E 100试验材料E 200拉力试验E 300冲击试验E 400厚度方向性能试验E 500检验-容差F．修补F 100表面缺陷第2节锅炉、压力容器以及特殊用途轧制钢材A．通则A 100适用范围A 200制造方法B．锅炉和受压容器用钢B 100钢材等级B 200化学成分B 300机械性能B 400热处理C．低温用钢C 100钢材等级C 200化学成分C 300机械性能C 400热处理D．不锈钢D 100钢材等级D 200化学成分D 300机械性能D 400热处理D 500晶间腐蚀倾向试验E．试验E 100一般要求E 200常温下的拉力试验E 300高温下的拉力试验E 400冲击试验E 500落锤试验E 600厚度方向性能试验E 700晶间腐蚀倾向试验F．检验、尺寸容差和表面状态F 100检验F 200容差F 300表面状态和缺陷修整第3节复合钢板A．通则A 100适用范围A 200热处理B．基体材料B 100一般规定C．包覆金属C 100一般规定C 200化学成分D．试验D 100一般规定D 200拉力试验D 300冲击试验D 400弯曲试验D 500剪切试验D 600超声波试验D 700腐蚀试验D 800检验-容差E．修补和拒收E 100表面缺陷E 200拒收F．材料的标记F 100标记第4节钢管A．通则A 100适用范围A 200制造A 300质量A 400尺寸的容差A 500化学成分A 600热处理A 700机械性能A 800试验材料A 900外观检查和无损探伤A 1000液压试验A 1100重复试验A 1200标记A 1300证书B．常压管系用钢管B 100适用范围B 200制造B 300化学成分B 400热处理B500机械性能C．不锈钢压力管C 100适用范围C200制造C 300化学成分C 400热处理C 500机械性能C 600腐蚀试验D．低温用钢管D 100适用范围D200制造D 300化学成分D 400热处理D 500机械性能E．锅炉、热交换器和过热器用钢管E 100适用范围E 200制造E 300化学成分E 400热处理E 500机械性能F．附件F 100适用范围F 200材料F 300制造F 400热处理F 500机械性能F 600 硬度试验F 700 腐蚀试验F 800 表面光洁度和尺寸F 900印记和证书第5节锻钢件A．通则A 100适用范围A 200制造A 300质量A 400化学成分A 500热处理A 600 试块A 700常温下的机械试验A 800高温下的拉力试验A 900重复试验A 1000外观检查和无损探伤A 1100 缺陷锻件的修整A 1200证书B、一般用途锻钢件B 100适用范围B 200钢材类型B 300化学成分B 400热处理B500试块和机械性能C、轴系和机械锻钢件C 100适用范围C 200钢材类型C 300化学成分C 400热处理C 500试块C 600机械性能D、齿轮锻钢件D 100适用范围D 200制造D 300化学成分D 400热处理D 500正火加回火和淬火加回火锻件的试验材料D 600用于渗碳和硬化处理锻件的试验材料D 700机械性能E、锅炉、非点火的压力容器和机械管系锻钢件E 100适用范围E 200化学成分E 300热处理E 400 试验材料E 500机械性能F、裸露于低温的液货舱、压力容器和管系用锻钢件F 100适用范围F 200钢材类型F 300化学成分F 400热处理F 500试验材料F 600机械性能第6节锚链用圆钢A 100适用范围A 200钢的等级A 300化学成分A 400机械性能A 500 热处理B、试验B 100试验数量B 200冲击试验C、材料标记C 100印记第7节铸钢件A 100适用范围A 200铸造A 300铸件质量A 400化学成分B 100钢的类型B 200化学成分B 300机械性能C、锅炉、非点火的压力容器和机械管系铸钢件C 100钢的类型C 200化学成分C 300机械性能D、螺旋桨铸钢件D 100钢的类型D 200机械性能E、锚链环、附件、锚卸扣用的铸钢件E 100锚链环E 200锚链附件和锚卸扣F、有高韧性要求的结构构件用的铸钢件F 100钢的类型F 200化学成分F 300机械性能G、液化气系统用的铸钢件G 100钢的类型G 200化学成分G 300机械性能H、热处理H 100一般要求H 200碳钢和碳锰钢的热处理H 300低合金钢的热处理H 400不锈钢的热处理I、试验I 100试样I 200高温下的机械试验I 300高温下的拉力试验I 400液压试验I 500外观检查和无损探伤J、有缺陷铸件的修整J 100补焊K、结构构件的焊接K 100一般要求第8节铸铁件A 100适用范围A 200 铸件质量A 300制造A 400化学成分A 500热处理A 600试验A 700外观检查和无损探伤A 800缺陷修补B、球墨铸铁B 100 适用范围B 200试验材料B 300机械性能B 400金相检验C、灰铸铁C 100 适用范围C 200试验材料C 300机械性能第9节熟铝合金A、通则A 100适用范围A 200铝材等级A 300化学成分A 400回火符号A 500机械性能B、试验B 100试样B 200拉力试验B 300其他试验B 400检验、容差C、缺陷修补C 100一般要求D、材料标记D 100标记第10节铜合金A、通则A 100适用范围B、阀件、附件和一般用途的铸件B 100铜合金类型B 200化学成分B 300机械性能B 400试验C、螺旋桨铸件C 100化学成分C 200机械性能C 300热处理C 400试验和检验C 500缺陷修补D、管材D 100化学成分D 200机械性能D 300热处理D 400试验第11节耐热有色合金A、通则A 100适用范围A 200认可A 300热处理B、试验B 100试样B 200拉力试验B 300冲击试验B 400蠕变和断裂试验B 500无损探伤试验B 600其他试验第一节结构用轧制钢材A．通则A 100 适用范围101 本节规定了可焊普通强度、高强度和超高强度结构用热轧钢板和型材的要求，这些要求也适用于结构用无缝钢管。

本要求适用于厚度不超过150mm的钢材产品，对于更厚的钢材按每一情况考虑后可接受或要求与本规定有某些不同的规定。

本节包含了IACS UR W11和W16的规定。

对用轧制扁坯、方坯和圆钢为锻件代用品的要求见第5节。

102经本社特许，在化学成分、脱氧方法、供应状态和机械性能方面与本规范要求有所不同的钢材也可接受。

这类钢材给予特殊符号，见200A 200 钢材等级符号201 本节钢材等级按强度等级划分为三组：——普通强度钢（NS）——高强度钢（HS）——超高强度钢（EHS）202钢材等级的字母数字标记为NV xy，其中：NV—按本社规范规定的钢材等级符号。

X—大写字母表示的相应于规定的冲击韧性试验温度，见表A1Y—按规定最小屈服强度确定的强度组别数字符号，见表A1，对NS钢该数字可省略。

203 在202规定的字母数字符号后的附加符号可以是：Z—改进厚度方向性能的钢材等级。

S——专门认可的钢材，见100A300 制造方法301 钢应采取电炉炼钢法或某种碱性吹氧转炉炼钢法生产，经本社特许，也可采用其他方法。

302 从连续浇铸的扁坯轧成板材的厚度减薄率除非本社另行认可，最小值为5：303适用的轧制方法定义如下：控制轧制，CR（正火轧制，NR）：在正火温度范围内进行的最终成型的轧制过程，所得到的材质状态，通常相当于经正火后的结果。

热机轧制，TM（热机控制法，TMCP）：这是一种必须严格控制钢材温度和轧制减薄量的方法，通常在接近Ar3温度下实施高比例的轧制减薄量，并可在两相温度区域内进行轧制。

不同于控制轧制法（正火轧制）TM具有的性能不可能由随后的正火或其他热处理方法再产生。

B普通强度钢B 100适用范围101 本条规定了普通强度钢的要求，最小屈服强度为235N/mm2的钢材定为普通强度钢。

B 200化学成分201普通强度钢的化学成分和脱氧方法的要求见表B1。

B 300热处理，供应状态301普通强度钢应在符合表B2规定的状态下供应。

B 400机械性能401普通强度钢应符合表B3规定的机械性能。

C．高强度钢C 100 适用范围101 本条规定了高强度钢的要求，最小屈服强度为265N/mm2至390N/mm2（包括390N/mm2）的钢材定为高强度钢。

102 应注意高强度钢焊接接头的疲劳强度不得高于普通强度钢焊接接头的疲劳强度。

C 200化学成分201化学成分、脱氧方法和细化晶粒处理一般应符合表C1的要求。

如果在生产过程中添加任何其他元素，其含量应表明。

202表C1各等级均应进行细化晶粒处理，包含Al，Nb，Ti和V中之一种或多种元素，经本社同意也可采用其他细化晶粒元素（微量合金）。

各级钢种若混合加入两种以上细化晶粒元素应经本社认可。

经过特许，含Al量可允许比表列要求稍低。

203应用桶样分析对每一炉罐的钢测定所有规定元素含量，并应在证书中表明，对不进行细化晶粒处理的各级钢Al，Nb，Ti和V的含量可不测定。

204 如有要求，可根据桶样分析由下式计算碳当量：C eq=C+Mn/6+（Cr+Mo+V）/5+（Ni+Cu）/15（%）对于热机控制轧制TM（TMCP）钢材，根据上式计算得到的碳当量应符合表C2的规定。

按本社的意见D200中的（P cm）公式也可用于评估可焊性，而不用碳当量。

C 300热处理，供应状态301高强度钢应在符合表C3规定的状态下供应。

C 400机械性能401高强度钢应符合表C4规定的机械性能。

402 如有规定，厚度方向性能（Z向延性）的附加要求见E400。

D．超高强度钢D 100 适用范围101 本条规定了超高强度钢的要求，最小屈服强度为420N/mm2至690N/mm2（包括390N/mm2）的钢材定为超高强度钢。