江苏高考英语复习动词所有用法梳理

江苏高考英语复习动词所有用法梳理
江苏高考英语复习动词所有用法梳理

动词原形及不定式的用法

动词原形的用法

1.除单三人称的一般现在时,其它人称作主语,动词用原形。

2.将来时态shall, will, should, would之后用动词原形。

3.祈使句句子开头用动词原形。

4.助动词do, does, did之后用动词原形。

5.情态动词can、could、may, might, have/has to, must, need, dare ,ought to之后用动词原形。

6.使役动词let、make、have 之后用动词原形。

7.感官动词see、watch、notice、hear、feel、find之后用动词原形(说明动作已经结束)。

8.had better 之后用动词原形。

9.why / why not 之后用动词原形。

10.would rather dosth . than do sth .

11.prefer to dosth. rather than do sth./ prefer doing sth. to doing sth.

动名词的用法

1.介词之后动词要用动名词形式(动词+ing)

2.部分动词之后的动词只能用动名词形式:enjoy, finish, practice, mind, spend,dislike, find , keep

3.部分短语后省略了介词in: have fun/ problems/ difficulties/trouble /a good time doing be busy doing,

4.be worth doing, can’t help doing , feel like doing , do some doing sth.

5.下面这些动词既可跟动名词又可跟不定式:

like / love / hatedoing (doing表示习惯)(to do表示具体的动作)

stop doing(表示停止)(doing表示开始做不定式的动作);

remember , forget (不定式表示未做;动名词表示已做);

try (doing表示试着做;to do表示努力做);

go on (doing继续做相同的事to do继续做不同的事)

begin , start (to do与doing区别不大);

need (人作主语用to do ;物作主语用doing表示被动);

mean(人作主语用to do表示“打算做”;事/ 物作主语用doing表示“意味着”);

这些动词既可跟动词原形,又可跟ing形式:see,watch,hear.notice (用原形是指动作结束,ing 表示动作正在进行)

动词不定式的用法

1.ask/tell/want/order/teach/wish/wouldlike/invite/encourage sb. to do sth.

2.ask/tell/want/order/teach/wish/wouldlike/invite/encourage sb. not to do sth.

3.Help...(to) dosth.

4.主系表+ 不定式(to do)

5.主系表+for sb + 不定式(to do)

6.部分动词既可跟动名词又可跟不定式:(同动名词6)

7.疑问词+不定式(to do)可以把复合句变为简单句,(to = 主语+will/would/can)

英语动词双写规则及常见动词

英语动词双写规则必须同时满足以下4 个条件

1) 该动词的发音以重读闭音节结尾;

重读闭音节就是指在一个音节中,元音字母不是发它本身的字母音,以辅音字母结尾,而且是重读音节的音节。比如apple划音节就应该是ap/ple前面那个ap是一个音节以辅音字母结尾就是闭音节。

2)结尾闭音节符合“1 个辅音字母+ 1 个元音字母+ 1 个辅音字母”

3)结尾的辅音字母不是"x";

4)该动词的拼写规则没有例外;

如:sit---sitting/begin---beginning(重读在gin这个音节上,相当与把gin改成双写的)

像travel这种重读不在的vel,可以为travelled,也可以是traveled.

举两个很经典的例子:

forbid---forbidding(重读闭音节,双写)

prohibit---prohibiting(重读在第二音节,非重读闭音节,不双写)

情态助动词用法简述

1.dare, need

①dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。

例How dare you say such horrible words to me?

②need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句,相当于肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should。

例Need I finish the work today?

Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.

③dare和need作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化,在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式,在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式,而need后面只能接带to的不定式。

例She doesn’t dare (to)answer.

2.shall, should

①shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。

例:What shall I do ?

②shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

例:You shall be punished,you bad boy!

3.will, would

①表示请求、建议等,使用would使语气更加缓和。

例Would you give me a cup of coffee, please?

②表示意志、愿望和决心。

例I will never do that again.

③would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。

例During that summer, he would visit me everyother day.

④表示估计和猜想。

例It would be about may when she come back toChina.

4.should, ought to

①should表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,语气更严重。

例I should help her because she is introuble.

②表示劝告、建议和命令,should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。

例Should I open the window?

③表示推测,should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。

例She must pass the exam. (断定)

能充当谓语的动词

1.定义:能够充当句子谓语的动词就是主动词(main verb)

例Reading makes a full man. (make在这句话里为主动词)

2.类别:

①连系动词:用来表示身份,状态,性质,特征,无法单独使用,和表语一起构成系表结构

A 状态系动词:包括be动词,continue,keep,stay,remain,stand等

例The girl keeps crying.(持续的哭的状态)

B 表象系动词:表示“看起来像”,包括look,seem,appear等

例She looks like her mother.

C 感官系动词:与人的五感有关,嗅觉,听觉,视觉,味觉,触觉,包括feel,look,sound,smell,taste 例It taste good.

D 变化系动词:表示从一种状态变化至另一种状态,包括get,become,turn,dome,grow,fall等

例Yesterday's little girl becomes today'sbeautiful woman.

②实义动词:及物动词和不及物动词

例I agree with you.(及物)

The game begins.(不及物)

* 实义动词又分为短暂性动词和持续性动词,短暂性动词一般不用while引导,可做状语表示一段时间,但持续性动词不可以。

常见主动表被动

不定式作后置定语,放在被修饰词后面,不定式与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,此时,不定式要用主动表被动含义。

例如:

I have much workto do. 我有许多要做的事情。(与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系)

Jay is looking fora room to live in. Jay在找一间住的房间。(与room有动宾关系,与Jay 有主谓关系)

She has a familyto support.她要维持一个家庭。(与family有动宾关系,与she有主谓关系)

不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,如下

difficult, easy,comfortable (舒适的、安逸的),convenient(便利的,方便的),hard, cheap,expensive, 等

此时结构为:主语+系动词+形容词+ 不定式;动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。

例如:

The question isquite difficult to answer. 这个问题真的很难以回答。The work is easyto do. 这项工作很轻松。

I found the buscomfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种公交车坐着很舒服。

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