第一章 Introduction to International Trade 《国际贸易实务》PPT课件
国际物流导论AnIntroductiontoInternationalLogistics
❖
储存保管的作用：克服外贸商品使用价值在时间上的矛盾，创造商
品的时间价值。
❖ （三）进出口商品装卸与搬运子系统
❖
国际物流装卸与搬运作业，是商品短距离的搬移，是仓库作业和运
输作业的纽带和桥梁，也实现物流的空间效益，保证商品运输和保管的
连续性。
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❖ （四）进出口商品的流通加工与检验子系统
国际展品物流：指以展览、展示为目的，暂时将商品运如一国 境内，待展览结束后再复运出境的物流活动。（有去有回）
国际邮政物流：指通过国际邮政运送系统办理的包裹、函件等 递送活动（门到门或手到手）。
国际逆向物流：指对国际贸易中回流的商品进行改造和重修的活
2020/动10/2，7 包括循环利用容器和包装材料、退货、调货等，是目前物流
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❖ （二）全球化生产
❖ 企业在全球化范围内组织生产具有的优势：（1）可 以更好地接近目标市场，满足当地消费者的需求（2）可 以获取资源优势，降低生产成本；（3）可以避开东道国 的贸易壁垒限制，更顺利地进入国际市场；（4）降低物 流费用，降低成本，提升产品的国际竞争力
❖ （5）可以获取先进的技术和管理经验；（6）可以获得东 道国的优惠政策。
❖ 流通加工与检验的作用：使商品发生一定的物流和化 学以及形状变化的加工过程，促进销售，提高物流效率， 保证产品质量。
❖ （五）商品包装子系统
❖ 包装标志：便于识别货物和计数，主要有运输标志和 指示性、警告性标志两种。
❖ 1.运输标志：习惯称为唛头或唛。通常由三部分组成：收 货人及发货人名称的代用简字或代号和简单图形；目的港 （地）名称；件号。有的还列入合同号码、信用证号码或 进口许可证号码等。
Chapter 1 Introduction to International Trade Prac
7 Section One Modes of International Business
●Minimize Risk To minimize swings in sales and profits, companies may seek out foreign markets to take advantage of business cycle--recessions and expansions--differences among countries．
1
Chapter 1
Introduction to International Trade
Practices
2
Learning Objectives
After completing this chapter, students should ensure their understanding of the following:
1. Definition:
International business is all commercial transactions -- private and governmental-between two or more countries．
Private companies undertake such transactions for profit; governments may or may not do the same in their transactions.
5 Section One Modes of International Business
2. Why Companies Engage in
《国际贸易》unit 1
• Invisible Trade Revenue and expenditure incurred by exchange of services and other nonmaterial commodities. • Income and expenses concerning the import and export of commodities, e.g. freight, premium, processing charges. • Income and expenses irrelevant to the import and export of commodities, e.g. traveling expenses, diplomatic agent expenses, overseas remittances, franchise fees, dividends paid to foreign investors, etc. • As invisibles do not go through customs clearance, they are not indicated in customs statistics, but on a country’s statement of balance of payments.
What is international trade?
International trade is the fair and deliberate
exchange of goods and services across national boundaries. International trade vs. foreign trade
Teaching objectives:
Chapter 1 Introduction to International Trade
No one can be free from the influence of international trade
International trade refers to trading activities conducted overseas or over long distances , that is , trade among different nations. It has a long history , which can be traced back to the times of the Silk Route.
（2）Service exports and imports (also referred to as invisible trade)： Tourism, transportation, performance of services and use of assets are some examples.
The Contents of Chapter 1
1.1 What Is International Trade? 1.2 Why International Trade? 1.3 Risks and Barriers to International Trade 1.4 Basic International Trade Theories 1.5 Laws and Regulations Governing International Trade 1.6 International organizations involved in Foreign Trade
The practice of trade among nations is growing by leaps and bounds. There is hardly a person on the earth who has not been influenced in some way by international trade , nor is there a nation. Take China as an example . Since the breakout of “ Financial Tsunami” , our export has been decreasing drastically. Thousands of companies are losing orders from overseas, They have to close their doors and dismiss their employees. As a result, thousands of Chinese people become jobless over night and the new labor force , college graduates , are hard to get job opportunities.
chapter 1 introduction to International_Logistics
Part 1
Logistics Management – Boundaries & Relationships
Logistics Management activities typically include transportation management, warehousing, materials handling, order fulfillment, logistics network design, inventory management, supply/demand planning, and management of third party logistics services providers. To varying degrees, the logistics function also includes sourcing and procurement, production planning and scheduling, packaging , and customer service. It is involved in all levels of planning and execution – strategic, tactical and operational. Logistics Management is an integrating function, which coordinates and optimizes all logistics activities, as well as integrates logistics activities with other functions including marketing, sales manufacturing, finance and information technology.
国际贸易双语教程(英文版)
Unit 1 A brief introduction to international trade KeyI. Answer my questions1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental.2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition anddiversification of sales and supplies.3. To gain profit.4. To seek out foreign markets and procurement.5. There are four major forms as follows: Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports andImports, Investment, and Multinational Enterprise.6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing.8. Yes. There are great differences between them.1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties.2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation).10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate.12. It is limited by the number of people interested ina firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase.13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm’s resources.14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising.15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers’ business.II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1. J2.A3.E4.B5.C6.D7.I8.G9.F 10.HIII Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1 购买力11经济复苏；恢复2潜在销售量12 经济衰退3加价，涨价13间接投资4国内市场14有形货物5制成品15有形进出口6边际利润16收入及支出；岁入及岁出7市场占有率17超额能力8贸易歧视18贸易中间人（商）；经纪人9时机选择19全部包建的工程承包方式10经销周期20许可证协定IV Case Study1 [Answer]：Batteries called "white elephant" exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, because "white elephant" was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the battery or the price of。
国际贸易第一章(英文)
1.3.4 Direct Trade / Indirect Trade / Entrepot Trade
Direct Trade：the goods are diretly transported from the producer to the consumer. Indirect Trade:Goods are sold through the third country or other intermediary distribution to the consumer EXP: A—B B– C Entrepot trade:A State or regions import commodities not for consuming but for further exporting to other countries.
International Trade
Arrangement:
1.Introduction to International Trade:The
definition of international trade ;the classification and some important concept 2. The theory:mainly introduce the traditional western theory and it’s Opposition ; New International Trade Theory 3.The policy:analyzing the Tariff measures , Non-tariff measures and the Economic impact on a country ;introducing the WTO and International trade treaties
外贸新人培训教程英文版
外贸新人培训教程英文版IntroductionWith the rapid development of international trade, the demand for foreign trade talents is constantly increasing. However, as a newcomer to foreign trade, it's important to know the basics of the industry, including trade terms, payment methods, logistics, and legal issues. Therefore, this document aims to provide a training course for newbies in the industry to help them master the basic knowledge and skills necessary for foreign trade.Lesson 1: Introduction to International TradeIn this lesson, we will introduce the basic concepts of international trade, including export and import, balance of payments, protectionism and free trade, exchange rates, tariffs, and quotas. Students will learn the definitions of these key concepts and the importance of a healthy trade balance for a country's economic growth.Lesson 2: Trade TermsIn this lesson, we will explore the frequently used trade terms, such as FOB, CIF, EXW, DDU, and DDP. Students will learn how to understand these terms and use them properly in tradenegotiations and contracts. We will also explain the difference between Incoterms 2010 and Incoterms 2020.Lesson 3: Payment MethodsIn this lesson, we will discuss the different payment methods used in international trade, including letters of credit, telegraphic transfer, documentary collection, and open account. We will cover the advantages and disadvantages of each method and explain how to choose the appropriate method for different trade scenarios.Lesson 4: LogisticsIn this lesson, we will talk about the logistics and transportation procedures in international trade, including booking freight, customs clearance, inspection, warehousing, and delivery. Students will learn how to arrange logistics operations and avoid potential risks in the process.Lesson 5: Legal IssuesIn this lesson, we will examine the legal issues in international trade, including contract law, intellectual property rights, product liability, and dispute resolution. Students will learn how to draft legally binding contracts and deal with disputes in an international trade context.ConclusionThis foreign trade training course covers essential knowledge and skills for newbies in the foreign trade industry. Through the curriculum, students can acquire a comprehensive understanding of the international trade industry and improve their competence in practical applications. With the help of this training course, we believe any newbies in international trade have the potential to become successful foreign trade professionals.。
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• Other nations depend on trade for a large part of their national income and to supply goods for domestic consumption.
FDI
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is the buying of permanent property and business in foreign nations. It can take the form of either direct or portfolio investment. Direct investment occurs when acquisition of equity interest in a foreign company is made. This interest may vary between a small percentage and a controlling interest of a company’s equity. (Ownership of more than 50% is not necessary in securing a controlling interest in a company). Controlling interest in a foreign company represents a high level of commitment to foreign operations and is usually accompanied by personnel and technology transfers abroad. The appeal of direct investment lies with the access to market and resources as well as rationalization of global production afforded by such an arrangement.
What is the origin of international trade?
The story of the caveman takes place on an international basis.
Why trade with other nations? Advantages
• International trade leads to more efficient and increased world production, thus allowing countries (and individuals) to consume a larger and more diverse bundle of goods.
In contrast, portfolio or indirect investments, are chiefly motivated by short- to medium-term profits. They may include equity investments that do not involve an active role in management or bonds and other debt instruments issued by foreign companies and governments. As financial markets around the world become increasingly integrated in recent years, international portfolio investments have become popular with investors as a vehicle of diversification further hastening the process of international financial integration.
• The balance of payments can be used as an indicator of a nation's economic stability. Changes in the balance of payments can affect the exchange rate of a country's currency. For example, a deficit in merchandise trade means that the currency of that nation is flooding the world economy, since it is being used to buy the imports that cause the deficit. Unless government controls are used, the value of the currency will most likely depreciate.
• A nation possessing limited natural resources is able to produce and consume more than it otherwise could.
• the establishment of international trade expands the number of potential markets in which a country can sell its goods.
Balance of Payments The balance of payment = the difference between money coming into a country and money going out of the country + money flows coming into or leaving a country from other factors. favorable balance of payments VS unfavorable balance of payments
• In recent years foreign trade has also been viewed as a means to promote growth within a nation's economy. Developing countries and international organizations have increasingly emphasized such trade.
• Because the balance of payments is one reflection of a nation's financial stability in the world market, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) uses these accounts to make decisions such as qualifying a country for a loan. The IMF also provides the information to its members so that they can make informed decisions about investments and trade.
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The Reasons for FDI
• The decline of barriers to foreign ownership in most countries of the world.
• Liberalization of trade and financial markets • Decline in transportation and communication costs that resulted
About FDIFra bibliotekThe Balance of Payment
• relationship between the amount of money a nation spends abroad and the income it receives from other nations. The balance of payments is officially known as the Statement of International Transactions and includes two main accounts: First, the current account, tracks activity in merchandise trade—exporting and importing; income earned from investments abroad; money paid to foreign investors; and transactions on which the government expects no returns. Second, the capital account, tracks both loans given to foreigners and loans received by citizens.
• Competition from international trade can also force domestic firms to become more efficient through modernization and innovation.