(完整word版)学术英语课后答案
(完整word版)学术英语理工类课后题答案(word文档良心出品)
Reading: Text 11.Match the words with their definitions.1g 2a 3e 4b 5c 6d 7j 8f 9h 10i2. Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.1 symbolic 2distributed 3site 4complex 5identify6fairly 7straightforward 8capability 9target 10attempt11process 12parameter 13interpretation 14technical15range 16exploit 17networking 18involve19 instance 20specification 21accompany 22predictable 23profile3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above.ranging from（从……到）arise from some misunderstandings（来自于对……误解）leaves a lot of problems unsolved（留下很多问题没有得到解决）opens a path for（打开了通道）requires a different frame of mind（需要有新的思想）4.Translate the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese.1) 有些人声称黑客是那些超越知识疆界而不造成危害的好人（或即使造成危害，但并非故意而为），而“骇客”才是真正的坏人。
《学术英语》(理科)课后答案(完整版)
ContentsUnit 1 – Astronomy (2)Part I: Pre-listening (2)Part II: While Listening (2)Text A: Fun Facts about Astronomy (2)Text B: Shenzhou-10 Mission (3)Part III: After Listening (3)Part IV: Homework (3)Unit 2 – Biology (4)Part I: Pre-listening (4)Part II: While Listening (4)Text A: Secret of Life (4)Text B: Animal Intelligence (5)Part III: After Listening (5)Part IV: Homework (5)Unit 3 – Psychology (6)Part I: Pre-listening (6)Part II: While Listening (6)Text A: Discovering Psychology (6)Text B: Liespotting (7)Part III: After Listening (7)Part IV: Homework (7)Unit 4 – Geography (8)Part I: Pre-listening (8)Part II: While Listening (8)Text A: What Is Geography? (8)Text B: Mount Kailash – Axis of the World (9)Part III: After Listening (9)Part IV: Homework (9)Unit 5 – Economy (sic) (10)Part I: Pre-listening (10)Part II: While Listening (10)Text A: The Blue Economy (10)Text B: A Monkey Economy as Irrational asOurs (11)Part III: After Listening (11)Part IV: Homework (11)Unit 6 – Physics (12)Part I: Pre-listening (12)Part II: While Listening (12)Text A: What Is Physics? (12)Text B: Science of Figure Skating (13)Part III: After Listening (13)Part IV: Homework (13)Unit 7 – Computer Science (14)Part I: Pre-listening (14)Part II: While Listening (14)Text A: Computer Software (14)Text B: Computer Science Advice forStudents (15)Part III: After Listening (15)Part IV: Homework (15)Unit 8 – Chemistry (16)Part I: Pre-listening (16)Part II: While Listening (16)Text A: The History of DiscoveringElements (16)Text B: The Periodic Table of Elements (17)Part III: After Listening (17)Part IV: Homework (17)Unit 1 – AstronomyPart I: Pre-listeningC: Listening Exercise1. D – Mars.2. C – For finding their way across hugeareas of ocean.3. C – Almost every ancient culture knewof these five mysteries.4. A – Saturn, Jupiter, Venus, Mercury andMars.5. C – The study of stars.Part II: While ListeningText A: Fun Facts about Astronomy Exercise 1 – Global Understanding1.Two branches: (1) observationalastronomy and (2) theoreticalastronomy.2.Aspects: fun facts about (3) the sun(4) the moon(5) the stars(6) the planetsExercise 2 – Listening and Note-takingThe better notes are _A_, because:1.Good notes should consist of keywordsor very short sentences, not every word.e abbreviations and symbols thatmake sense to you can help you writedown notes quickly.3.Leave space between topics or ideas soyou can scan the page more easily later. Exercise 3 – In-depth Listening1.Mercury is the (1) second smallestplanet in the solar system and has (2)no moon. It can get as hot as (3) 800 °Cand cold as (4) 300 °C below zero. Oneyear on Mercury is equal to (5) 88 dayson Earth.2.Venus is the only planet that rotatesfrom (6) east to west. A year on thisplanet is equal to (7) 225 days on Earth.3.Earth is nearly (8) 93 million miles awayfrom the sun. It takes about (9) 16million horsepower to break the Earth’sgravitational pull.4.According to scientists, in around (10) 5billion years, a day on Earth will be (11)48 hours long and somewhere duringthat time the sun will explode.5.The planet Neptune was discoveredmore than (12) 150 years ago in 1846,and since then it still has to complete anorbit around the sun, as one Neptuneyear equals to (13) 165 Earth years.6.Pluto’s size is very small which madescientists demote it to a (14) dwarfplanet status.Text B: Shenzhou-10 MissionExercise 1 – Global Understanding1.June 24th.2.China hasn’t set up a permanent spacestation.Exercise 2 – Listening for Details1.False2.True3.Not GivenExercise 3 – Compound Dictation1.blasted off2.docked3.conduct experiments4.June 20th5.gave a lecture6. a manual docking procedure7.spoke8.two-way video link9.flew around10.the modulePart III: After ListeningPart IV: HomeworkA – Listening Task1.supremacy2.gesture3.vowed4.hostile5.decade6.mission7.spotted8.It was five kilometers from base andthey were running dangerously short oftime9.The orange soil looked like evidence ofrecent volcanic activity 10.In just half an hour, Schmitt and Cernangathered all the orange soil they couldlay hands onUnit 2 – BiologyPart I: Pre-listeningA: Talk about the Topic1.Hummingbird (c); Marmoset (a); Ostrich(d); Sloth (b); Venus flytrap (g); Cheetah(f); Bamboo (h); Rafflesia (e)2.as sly as a fox; as timid as a hare; ascheerful as a lark; as silly as a goose; asgreedy as a wolf; as proud as a peacock;as strong as a horse; as brave as a lion;as gentle as a lamb; as stubborn as amule; as busy as a bee; as blind as a bat C: Listening Exercise1. D – Hostess and guest.2. B – Genetically modified organism.3. A – Corns with a 4-digit PLU code.4. C – Because there is no proof that GMfoods are safe.5. C – From PLU code on the produce. Part II: While ListeningText A: Secret of LifeExercise 1 – Global Understanding1.nucleus2.mush3.membranes4.protein5.energy6.chromosomesExercise 2 – Listening and Note-taking1.frogspawn2.divide and divide3.replicating4.specialize5.body parts6.true of us7. a single cell8.two fundamental rules of life9.made of cells10.other cells11.what life wasExercise 3 – In-depth Listening1.17th2.Robert Hooke3.microscope4.snowflakes5.natural fibers6.mid-19th7.resurfaced8.well-engineered9.exposeText B: Animal IntelligenceExercise 1 – Global Understanding1. B – To prove that dolphins are thinkingspecies.2. C – Self-awareness.Exercise 2 – Listening for Details1.True2.Not Given3.False4.True5.FalseExercise 3 – Compound Dictation1.reacting2.another dolphin3.back and forward4.testing to see5.the same things6.neck stretches7.marked part8. a mirror9. a toolPart III: After ListeningPart IV: HomeworkA – Listening Task1.filtered sunlight2.fade3.sensitive4.evaporate5.pebbles6.moist7.snippers8.start up9.indestructible10.raise alarm11.a shadier location 12.polluted water13.reddish14.decaying or mushy15.indoor environmentsUnit 3 – PsychologyPart I: Pre-listeningA: Talk about the Topic2.1-d, 2-a, 3-f, 4-g, 5-c, 6-e, 7-h, 8-b C: Listening Exercise1. B – He has just moved to a new place.2. A – He should take Fido to the vet.3. D – He will put his dog on medication.4. A – Dog emotions are quite similar tothe emotions of humans.5. C – Harry is an expert on brain scienceof humans and dogs.Part II: While ListeningText A: Discovering Psychology Exercise 1 – Global Understanding1.behavior of individuals2.mental processes3.dispositional factors4.situational factors5.experimental psychology laboratory6.Principles of PsychologyExercise 2 – Listening and Note-taking1.sci entific study2.res earch3.pred ict & (ctrl) control behav ior4.gene tic5.att itudes, ment al6.sens ory stimul ation7.rew ards, act ionsExercise 3 – In-depth Listening1.18792.Germany3.first experimental psychologylaboratory4.18836.first American psychological laboratory7.18909.psychological text10.Principles of PsychologyText B: LiespottingExercise 1 – Global Understanding1. D – He peppered his account with alittle too much detail.2. B – A fake smile will betray a liar. Exercise 2 – Listening for Details1.Not Given2.False3.False4.True5.FalseExercise 3 – Compound Dictation1.lower2.pause3.pepper4.detail5.chronological6.backwards7.words8.gesturesPart III: After ListeningPart IV: HomeworkA – Listening Task1.signs of the condition2.low levels of light3.severe form4.thoughts of death or suicide5.designed6.sleep7.active8.sugary water9.more depressed10.least11.blue and white light12.dim red 13.signals14.natural sleep-wake cycle15.recommendation16.exposure17.bluish18.reddishUnit 4 – GeographyPart I: Pre-listeningA: Talk about the Topic1.a. 4.5 to 4.6 billion yearsb.149,597,870 kmc.384,403.1 kmd.Mt. Everest, Asia: 8844.43 me.Dead Sea: -422 mf.Mariana Trench, Western PacificOcean: 11,034 mg.56.7°C (Greenland Ranch in DeathValley, California, July 10, 1913)h.-89.2°C (Vostok, Antarctica, July 21,1983)2.1-a; 2-c; 3-f; 4-b; 5-e; 6-d; 7-gC: Listening Exercise1. D – New Zealand.2. C – The south of the country can bewarm in summer.3. C – A map showing geographicalfeatures.4. B – The coverage of oceans.5. C – She wants to know more aboutgeography.Part II: While ListeningText A: What Is Geography?Exercise 1 – Global Understanding1.Cultural geography focusing on peopleand cultures.2.Physical geography focusing on planetEarth. Exercise 2 – Listening and Note-takingFive these of geographyA. LocationB. PlaceC. Human-environment Interaction1. Humans depend on the environment2. Humans modify the environment3. Humans adapt to the environmentD. MovementE. Region1. Formal regions2. Functional regions3. Vernacular regionsExercise 3 – In-depth Listening1.earth2.to write3.climates4.plant and animal distributionputerized mapping6.data analysisText B: Mount Kailash – Axis of the World Exercise 1 – Global Understanding1. A – Because it matches the legend ofthe axis of the world.2. D – Because it is the most importantpilgrimage site in Tibet.Exercise 2 – Listening for Details1.False2.True3.Not Given4.False5.FalseExercise 3 – Compound Dictation1.pilgrimage site2.Buddha’s e nlightenment3.newly dressed altar4.prayer flags5.end up straight6.wind horsesPart III: After ListeningPart IV: HomeworkA – Listening Task1.233 countries2. a bit ambiguous3.semi-presidential republic4.6,592,800 square miles5.northern part of Asia6.11 different time zones7.climate conditions8.energy and minerals9.greatest forest reserves10.unfrozen freshwater11.ninth most populous12.lungs of Europe13.by volume 14.780 species of birds15.third largest economy16.fastest aging country17.Three Gorges Dam18.at a country’s disposalUnit 5 – Economy (sic)Part I: Pre-listeningA: Talk about the Topicpete with one another; positive; aninvisible hand2. a long time; stall along the wayC: Listening Exercise1. B – He is interested in making modelboats.2. C – She is considerate and thoughtful.3. A – It will help children learn the valueof money.4. D – He will give Jacky a regularallowance soon.5. D – Saving money for larger costs willhelp children learn how to budget. Part II: While ListeningText A: The Blue EconomyExercise 1 – Global Understanding1.expensive2.not smart3.creative4.healthy and happy5.what we did not know we have Exercise 2 – Listening and Note-taking1.healthy and naturalanic3.solar energy4.biodegradable5.palm oil6.destroy the rain forest7.subsidies8.tax moneypete with food10.damaging the climate11.expensive12.not smartExercise 3 – In-depth Listening1.Not Given2.True3.False4.TrueText B: A Monkey Economy as Irrational as OursExercise 1 – Global Understanding1. D – When they are facing a loss.2. A – People are irrational because theywant to make more money.Exercise 2 – Listening for Details1.10002.10003.04.5005.Play it safe6.20007.10008.09.50010.Take a riskExercise 3 – Compound Dictation1.different directions2.good or not3.switch4.loss mindset5.risky6.worrying7.losing stocks longer8.sell their housePart III: After ListeningPart IV: HomeworkA – Listening Task1.economic prosperity2.support strengthening3.premier forum4.lowering tariffs5.non-discriminatory6.greater participation7.integrated economic community8.critical energy sector9.interconnectivity10.renewablepletion of negotiations12.far-reaching trade agreement13.rules-based and high-standard14.mere short term15.multilaterial and bilateral partnershipsUnit 6 – PhysicsPart I: Pre-listeningA: Talk about the Topic1.1-f; 2-b; 3-e; 4-d; 5-g; 6-a; 7-h; 8-c C: Listening Exercise1. B – They are doing a physicalexperiment.2. C – Six.3. D – Judy helped to pinch the balloontight.4. B – Mike is very smart.5. A – They pumped some gas into theballoon.Part II: While ListeningText A: What Is Physics?Exercise 1 – Global UnderstandingTwo categories of physics:(1) Classical physics(2) Modern physicsMain purposes of learning physics:(1) To understand the world around people(2) To explain the universe at large Exercise 2 – Listening and Note-taking1.Definition2.motion of matter3.space and time4.energy5.force6.effects7.philosophy8.world9.classical10.modern11.Applications12.electromagnetism13.mechanics14.quantum physics Exercise 3 – In-depth Listening1.matter moves2.object attraction3.heat and energy4.mass-energy5.space-time6.electric chargesText B: Science of Figure Skating Exercise 1 – Global Understanding1. C – The science of figure skating.2. D – All of the above.Exercise 2 – Listening for Details1.False2.False3.True4.Not Given5.FalseExercise 3 – Compound Dictation1.action and reaction2.vertical velocity3.velocity4.higher5.spin6.extended7.slowly8.closer9.faster10.following11.Conservation of Angular Momentum Part III: After ListeningPart IV: HomeworkA – Listening Task1.powered by sun light2.20153.63 meters across4.200 square meters5.cells6.140 kilometers7.8,500 meters8.stops9.20 to 2510.autopilot 11.goal12.appliancesUnit 7 – Computer SciencePart I: Pre-listeningA: Talk about the Topic1.1-Wechat; 2-MSN; 3-Tencent QQ; 4-Sina Microblog; 5-Renren Network; 6-Instagram2.MSN, Tencent QQ, Renren Network,Sina MNicroblog, Instagram, Wechat C: Listening Exercise1. D – A research on the applications ofcomputers and Internet.2. C – Playing computer games.3. B – Computers can help edit jobapplication documents.4. C – Online shopping has become anessential part of our life.5. A – People may be cheated by someoneonline.Part II: While ListeningText A: Computer SoftwareExercise 1 – Global Understanding1. D – Software programs and theoperating system.2. B – A set of instructions that tells thecomputer what to do.Exercise 2 – Listening and Note-taking1.most of us don’t speak the ir language2.is like a translator3.the computer what to do4.personalized5.Mac6.Linux7.Operating system8.Software programs9. a computer store10.download from the InternetExercise 3 – In-depth Listening1.True2.FalseAn operating system can cover thebasics from saving files to fixingproblems.3.FalseYou can get computer software from acomputer store or download them fromthe Internet without the help ofcomputer engineers4.FalseSoftware programs can makecomputers personalized5.TrueText B: Computer Science Advice for StudentsExercise 1 – Global Understanding1. C – Advice for students on computerscience.2. A – Computer science is highlyinteractive.Exercise 2 – Listening for Details1.False2.True3.True4.Not GivenExercise 3 – Compound Dictation1.fallacies/misconceptions2.programming3.people4.business analysts5.discuss6.solve7.logical thinking8.capture things9.articulate10.connectingPart III: After ListeningPart IV: HomeworkA – Listening Task1.index of the web2.software programs3.webpages4.follow all the links5.chunk of the web6.hit return7.possible8.contain your keywords9.directly adjacent 10.spamming11.outside links point to itmitment13.impartial search results14.a snippet of the text15.related searches16.advertising business17.strive to18.cheetah’s top running speedUnit 8 – ChemistryPart I: Pre-listeningA: Talk about the Topic1.A, C, and E are chemical reactionsC: Listening Exercise1. A – In 1828.2. D – He created them from twoinorganic substances.3. C – People isolated it from living things.4. C – It proved that organic substancescan be created from inorganicsubstances.5. D – Atoms.Part II: While ListeningText A: The History of Discovering ElementsExercise 1 – Global Understanding1.diversity of natureplexity of man3.92 elements4.the most important codes5.making of the modern world Exercise 2 – Listening and Note-taking1.what an element is2.lead, copper, gold, silver, iron, mercury,tin3.metals4.earth, air, fire, and water5.16th6.metals into goldExercise 3 – In-depth Listening1.attempted2.electricity3.natural4.ultimately5.insight6.physics7.mysteries8.detective9.centuries10.struggled11.fascination12.destructionText B: The Periodic Table of Elements Exercise 1 – Global Understanding1. B – How the periodic table of elementswas discovered and its significance.2. B – It changes the way that everyonewould learn and understand theelements.Exercise 2 – Listening for Details1.True2.False3.Not Given4.True5.FalseExercise 3 – Compound Dictation1.18692.explain3.properties4.similarities5.patterns6.vertical7.resembled8.existence and properties9.rightPart III: After ListeningPart IV: HomeworkA – Listening Task1.green leaves2.grows underground3.for their taste4.traditionally for health reasons5.seeking to lose weight6.desire to eat7.reduce hunger8.Over six weeks9.each group 10.three-tenths of a gram11.normally eat12.especially true13.may be lost14.extend the effectiveness15.a tropical plant16.its medical possibilities17.earlier evidence18.brains of patients19.sixty to ninety-three years old20.rarely or never。
学术英语Unit 6 课后练习答案PPT精选文档
Unit 6 Consumer Behavior
Text A
Language building-up
Signpost language
— Classification
Key to the exercises (P129)
1. different kinds; some; others; Others; still others 2. two 3. one; another 4. Some; other
18
Unit 6 Consumer Behavior
Text A
Language building-up
Formal English
The following sentences are selected from Text A. Replace the underlined formal words with less formal ones.
• the first (kind/type/group/class, etc.) …; the second …; the third …
• some …; other … • sort, classify, categorize • form, category, group, class, kind
8
Unit 6 Consumer Behavior
Text A
Language building-up
Collocations
2. stem from （起）源于
Nervous illness can stem from being treated inconsiderately in childhood.
20
Unit 6 Consumer Behavior
(完整版)学术英语(医学)课后问题答案
(完整版)学术英语(医学)课后问题答案问题一：什么是学术英语？学术英语是一种专门用于教学、研究及学术交流的英语语言形式。
它包括各种学科的特定词汇、表达方式和写作风格。
对于医学专业的学术英语来说，它涉及到医学领域的专业术语和规范化的文体结构。
问题二：为什么要学习学术英语(医学)？学术英语在医学领域中具有重要的作用。
首先，医学是一个全球性的学科，学术英语作为一种国际语言，是医生、研究人员和学生在国际学术交流中沟通的重要工具。
其次，掌握学术英语能够帮助医学专业人员更好地阅读、理解和撰写医学文献，从而提高他们在研究和学术写作方面的能力。
问题三：学术英语(医学)有哪些特点？学术英语(医学)具有以下几个特点：1.专业术语：学术英语(医学)包含大量的专业术语，如疾病名称、解剖学术语、临床检查方法等。
掌握这些术语是理解和交流医学知识的基础。
2.精确性：医学领域注重精确性和准确性，因此学术英语(医学)的表达方式也要求准确无误。
医学文献中的数据、研究结果等都需要以精确的词汇和表达方式进行描述。
3.结构化写作：学术英语(医学)的写作通常遵循一定的结构，如引言、方法、结果、讨论等。
这种结构化的写作方式有助于读者更好地理解文献的内容。
4.文体规范：学术英语(医学)有其独特的文体规范，包括使用被动语态、使用科学术语、使用正式的词汇和语法等。
熟悉这些规范可以使读者更容易理解和评价医学文献。
问题四：学术英语(医学)的学习方法有哪些？学术英语(医学)的学习可以采用以下几个方法：1.积累词汇：学习医学专业词汇是学术英语学习的基础。
可以通过背单词、阅读医学文献、听写等方式来积累词汇。
2.阅读文献：阅读医学文献是提高学术英语阅读能力的重要途径。
可以选择一些经典的医学期刊、论文或教材进行阅读，并学习其中的写作和表达方式。
3.练习写作：通过练习医学写作，可以提高学术英语写作的能力。
可以选择一些医学主题进行写作练习，并请教老师或专业人士提供反馈和建议。
(完整版)学术英语(医学)课后问题答案
Unit11、Some factors that may lead to the complaint:·Neuron overload·Patients* high expectations·Mistrust and misunderstanding between the patient and the doctor2、Mrs. Osorio’s condition:·A 56-year-old woman·Somewhat overweight·Reasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertension·Cholesterol on the high side without any medications for it·Not enough exercises she should take·Her bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan3、Good things:·Blood tests done·Glucose a little better·Her blood pressure a little better but not so great Bad things:·Cholesterol not so great·Her weight a little up·Her bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan 44、The situation:·The author was in a moderate state of panic: juggling so many thoughts aboutMrs. Osorio’s conditions and trying to resolve them all before the clock ran down.·Mrs. Osorio made a trivial request, not so important as compared to her conditions.and completely justified ·Mrs. Osorio seemed to care only about her “innocent —：the form signed by her doctor.—request”·The doctor tried to or at least pretended to pay attention to the patient whilecompleting documentation.5、Similarities:·In computer multitasking, a microprocessor actually performs only one task at a time. Like microprocessors, we human beings carft actually concentrate on two thoughts at the same exact time. Multitasking is just an illusion both in computersand human beings.Differences:·The concept of multitasking originated in computer science.·At best, human beings can juggle only a handful of thoughts in a multitasking manner, but computers can do much better.·The more thoughts human beings juggle, the less human beings are able to attune fully to any given thought, but computers can do much better.6、·7 medical issues to consider·5 separate thoughts, at least, for each issue·7 x 5 = 35 thoughts·10 patients that afternoon·35 x 10 = 350 thoughts·5 residents under the authors supervision·4 patients seen by each resident·10 thoughts, at least, generated from each patient·5 x 4 x 10 = anther 200 thoughts·350 + 200 = 550 thoughts to be handled in total·If the doctor does a good job juggling 98% of the time, that still leaves about 10 thoughts that might get lost in the process.7、Possible solutions:·Computer-generated reminders·Case managers·Ancillary services·The simplest solution: timeUnit21、The author implies:? Peoples inadequate consciousness about the consequence of neglecting the re-emerging infectious diseases·Unjustifiability of peoples complacency about the prevention and control of theinfectious diseases·Unfinished war against infectious diseases2、Victory declarations:·Surgeon General William Stewart's hyperbolic statement of closing “the book on infectious disease”.·A string of impressive victories incurred by antibiotics and vaccines·The thought that the war against infectious diseases was almost overWhat followed ever since:·Appearance of new diseases such as AIDS and Ebola·Comeback of the old afflictions:? Diphtheria in the former Soviet Union? TB in urban centers like New York City? Rising Group A streptococcal conditions like scarlet fever·The fear of a powerful new flu strain sweeping the world3、Elaborate on the joined battle:·WHO established a new division devoted to worldwide surveillance and controlof emerging disease in October 1995.·CDC launched a prevention strategy in 1994.·Congress raised fund from $6.7 million in 1995 to $26 million in 1997.4、The borders are meaningless to pathogenic microbes, which can travel fromone country to another remote country in a very short time.5、TB:·Prisons and homeless shelters as ideal places for TB spread·Emerging of drug-resistant strain or even multi-drug-resistant strain·A ride on the HIV w^on by attacking the immunocompromisedGroup A strep:·A change in virulence·Mutation in the exterior of the bacteriumFlu:Constant changes in its coat (surface antigens) and resultant changes in its levelof virulence6、Examples:·Experiment in England is seeing the waning immunity because of no vaccination. ·Du e to poor vaccination efforts, the diphtheria situation in the former Soviet Union is serious. '? The vaccination rates are dropping in some American cities, and it will lead to more diphtheria and whooping cough.7、The four areas of focus:·The need for surveillance·Updated science capable of dealing with discoveries in the field·Appropriate prevention and control·Strong public health infrastructure8、The infectious diseases such as TB, flu, diphtheria and scarlet fever will never really go away, and the war against them will never end.Unit31、Terry's life before·She loved practicing Tae Kwon Do·She loved the surge of adrenaline that came with the controlled combat of tournaments.·She competed nationally, even won bronze medal in the trials for the Pan American Games.·She attended medical school, practiced as an internal medicine resident, and became an academic general internist.·She got married and got a son and a daughter.2、The symptoms of MS and autoimmune disease:·Loss of stamina and strength·Problems with balance·Bouts of horrific facial pain·Dips in visual acuity3、Terry did the following before she self-experimented:·She started injections.·She adopted many pharmacotherapies.·She began her own study of literature:? She read articles on websites such as PubMed.? She searched for articles testing new MS drugs in animal models.? She turned to articles concerning neurodegeneration of all types — dementia，Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Lou Gehrig's disease.? She relearned basic sciences such as cellular physiology, biochemistry, andneurophysiology.4、Approaches Terry mainly used:·Self-experimentation with various nutrients to slow neurodegeneration based on literature reports on animal models·Self-experimentation with neuromuscular electrical stimulation which is not an approved treatment for MS·Online search to identify the sources of micronutrients and having a new diet ·Reduction of food allergies and toxic load5、Cases mentioned in the text:·Increased mercury stores in the brains of people with dental fillings·High levels of the herbicide atrazine in private wells in Iowa·The strong association between pesticide exposure and neurodegeneration·The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms involving metabolism of sulfur and/or B vitamins·Inefficient clearing of toxins6、With 70% to 90% of the risk for diabetes, heart disease, cancer, andautoimmunity being due to environmental factors other than the genes, we cantake many health problems and the health care crisis under our control, for example, optimizing our nutrition and reducing our toxic load.Unit41、Two concepts:·Complementary medicine refers to the use of conventional therapies together with alternative treatments such as using acupuncture in addition to usual care to help lessen pain. Complementary and alternative medicine is shortened as CAM.·Alternative medicine refers to healing treatments that are not part of conventional therapies —like acupuncture, massage therapy, or herbal medicine. They are called so because people used to consider practices like these outside the mainstream.2·TCM does not require advanced, complicated, and in most cases, expensivefacilities.·TCM employs needles, cups, coins, to mention but a few.·Most procedures and operations of TCM are noninvasive.·The substances used as medicine are raw herbs or abstracts from them, andthey are indeed all natural, from nature.·TCM has been practiced as long as the Chinese history, so the efficiency i s proven and ensured.·Ongoing research around the world on acupuncture, herbs, massage and Tai Chi have shed light on some of the theories and practices of TCM3、It may be used as an adjunct treatment, an alternative, or part of a comprehensive management program for a number of conditions: post-operativeand chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, post-operative dental pain, addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma.4、A well-justified NO:·More intense research to uncover additional areas for the use of acupuncture ·Higher adoption of acupuncture as a common therapeutic modality not only in treatment but also in prevention of disease and promotion of wellness·Exploration and perfection of innovative methods of acupuncture point stimulation with technological advancement·Improved understanding of neuroscience and other aspects of human physiology and function by basic research on acupuncture·Greater interest by stakeholders·An increasing number of physician acupuncturists5、·Appropriate uses of herbs depend on proper guidance:? Proper TCM diagnosis of the zheng of the patient?Correct selection of the corresponding therapeutic strategies and principles that guide the choice of herbs and herbal formulas·Digression from either of the above guidence will lead to misuses of herbs, andwill result in complications in patient6、·Randomized controlled trialsAdvantages:?Elimination of the potential bias in the allocation of participants to the intervention group or control group? Tendency to produce comparable groups? Guaranteed validity of statistical tests of significanceLimitations:? Difficulty in generalizing the results obtained from the selected sampling to the population as a whole? A poor choice for research where temporal factors are anissue?Extremely heavy resources, requiring very large samplegroups? Quasi-experimentsAdvantages:? Control group comparisons possible?Reduced threats to external validity as natural environments do notsuffer the same problems of artificiality as compared to a well-controlledlaboratory setting.?Generalizations of the findings to be made about population since quasiexperiments are natural experimentsLimitations：? Potential for non-equivalent groups as quasi-experimental designs donot use random sampling in constructing experimental and controlgroups.?Potential for low internal validity as a result of not using random sampling methods to construct the experimental and control groups? Cohort studiesAdvantages:?Clear indication of the temporal sequence between exposure and outcome? Particular use for evaluating the effects of rare or unusual exposure? Ability to examine multiple outcomes of a single risk factorLimitations:? Larger, longer, and more expensive? Prone to certain types of bias? Not practical for rare outcomes? Case-control studiesAdvantages:? The only feasible method in the case of rare diseases and those with longperiods between exposure and outcome? Time and cost effective with relatively fewer subjects as compared to other observational methodsLimitations：? Unable to provide the same level of evidence as randomized controlled trialsas it is observational in nature? Difficult to establish the timeline of exposure to disease outcometrials? “N=1”Advantages? Easy to manage? InexpensiveLimitations：? Findings difficult to be generalized to the whole population? Weakest evidence due to the number of the subject7、? Synthesis of evidence is completely dependent on:? The completeness of the literature search (unavailable for foreign studies)? The accuracy of evaluation·There are situations in which no answer can be found for the questions of interest in RCTs and database analyses.·There's the requirement of using less stringent information rather than “hard data”8、·Assessment of the intrinsic value of traditional medicine in society·Research and education·Political, economic, and social factorsUnit51、·Dis-ease refers to the imbalance arising from：? Continuous stress? Pain? Hardships·Disease is a health crisis ascribable to various dis-eases.·Prompting elimination of dis-eases can alleviate some diseases.2、·Wellness is a state involving every aspect of our being: body, mind and spirit.·Manifestations of a healthy person:? Energy and vitality? A certain zip in gait? A warm feeling of peace of heart seen through behavior3、·Constant messages, positive and negative，are sent to our mind about the health of our body.·Physical symptoms are suppressed by people who go through life on automatic pilot.·Being well equals to being disease- or illness-free in the minds of them.·They confused wellness with an absence of symptoms.4、·People's minds are infected by spin:? Half-truth? Fearful fictions? Blatant deceit: some as a form of self-deceit·Spin is a result of unconscious living.·The kind of falseness is pandemic.5·Our body intelligence is suppressed or dormant from a lack of use.·There are tremendous amount of stress on a daily basis.·Our bodies are easily ignored for years because of a lack of recreation time. ·Limiting, self-defeating and even self-destructive behaviors undermine our wellbeing and keep them from achieving our full potential.6·We grow more reluctant to take risks.·We lose the ability to feel and acknowledge our deepest feelings and the courage to speak our truth.·We continue to deny and repress our feelings to protect ourselves.·Fear, denial and disconnection from our bodies and feelings become an unconscious, self-protective habit, a kind of default response to life.7·A multi-faceted process:? Looking for roots of and resolutions for the issues in different dimensions? Building our wellness toolbox slowly? Picturing our whole state of being·Attention to the little stuff:? Examining our lives honestly and setting clear intentions to change? Striving to maintain a balance of our mind, body and spirit? Taking small steps in the way to perceive and resolve conflict8·Try to awaken and evolve in order to live more consciously.·Get in touch with our genuine feelings and emotions.·Come to terms with the toxic emotionsUnit61、In the past, most people died at home. But now, more and more people are caredin hospitals and nursing homes at their end of life, which of course brings a newset of questions to consider.2、·Sixty-four years old with a history of congestive heart failure·Deciding to do everything medically possible to extend his life·Availability of around-the-clock medical services and a full range of treatmentchoices, tests, and other medical care·Relaxed visiting hours, and personal items from home3、Availability of around-the-clock medical resources, including doctors, nurses, andfacility.4、·Taking on a job which is big physically, emotionally, and financially·Hiring a home nurse for additional help·Arranging for services (such as visiting nurses) and special equipment (like ahospital bed or bedside commode)5、·Health insurance·Planning by a professional, such as a hospital discharge plaimer or a social worker·Help from local governmental agencies·Doctor's supervision at home6、·Traditionally, it is only about symptom care.·Recently, it is a comprehensive approach to improving the quality of life for people who are living with potentially fatal diseases.7、·Stopping treatment specifically aimed at curing an illness equals discontinuing all treatment.·Choosing a hospice is a permanent decision.Unit71、·A dying patient·Decision whether to withdraw life-support machines and medication and startcomfort measures·The family's refusal to make any decision or withdraw any treatments2、·The doctor as exclusive decision-maker·The patient as participant with little say in the final choice3、·Respect for the patient, especially the patient s autonomy·Patient-centered care·The patient as decision-maker based on the information provided by the doctor4、·Patients are forced to make decisions they never want to.·Patients, at least a large majority of them, prefer their doctors to make final decisions.·Shifting responsibility of decision-making to patients will bring about more stress to patients and their families, especially when the best option for the patient is uncertain.5、Doctors are very much cautious about committing some kind of ethicaltransgression.6、·Shouldering responsibility together with the patient may be better than havingthe patient make decisions on their own.·Balancing between paternalism and respect for patients autonomy constitutes alarge part of medical practice.Unit81、·Research:An activity to test hypothesis, to permit conclusions to be drawn, and thereby to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge·Practice:Interventions solely to enhance the well-being of an individual patient or client and that have a reasonable expectation of success·Blurred distinction:? Cooccurrence of research and practice like in research designed to evaluate a therapy? Notable departures from standard practice being called “experimental” withl”and “research” carelessly definedthe terms “experimenta2、·Autonomy：Individuals treated as autonomous agents .·Protection:Persons with diminished autonomy entitled to protection·A case in point:Prisoners involved in research3·“Do no harm” as the primary principle·Maximization of possible benefits and minimization of possible harms .·Balance between benefits and potential risks involved in every step of seedingthe benefits4、·“Do no harm” as a fundamental principle of medical ethics·Extension of it to the realm of research by Claude Bernard·Benefits and risks as a set “duet” in both medical practice and research 5、·Unreasonable denial of entitled benefit and unduly imposed burden：Enrolment of patients in new drug trial: Who should be enrolled and who should not?·Equal treatment of equals:Determining factors of equality: age, sex, severity of the condition, financial status, social status6、·Definition:The opportunity to choose what shall or shall not happen to them·Application:? A process rather than signing a written form? Adequate information as the premise? A well-informed decision as the expected result7、·Requirements for consent as entailed by the principle of respect for persons ·Risk/benefit assessment as entailed by the principle of beneficence ·More requirements of fairness as entailed by the principle of justice: ? At the individual level: fairness? At the social level: distinction between classes。
学术综合英语参考答案unit1
学术综合英语参考答案unit1学术综合英语参考答案Unit 1一、词汇与语法1. 词汇题- (1) 正确答案：A. 显著的- (2) 正确答案：C. 影响- (3) 正确答案：B. 观点- (4) 正确答案：D. 概念- (5) 正确答案：E. 假设2. 语法题- (1) 正确答案：Whoever has the ability can apply for the position.- (2) 正确答案：Despite the heavy rain, they continued their journey.- (3) 正确答案：Not only did he finish his homework but he also helped his sister.- (4) 正确答案：It is the first time that she has visited the museum.- (5) 正确答案：Such is the power of nature that no one can resist it.二、阅读理解1. 阅读A- 问题1：正确答案：The author argues that the importanceof the English language in the global context.- 问题2：正确答案：The spread of English is attributed to the British Empire's colonial expansion and the role of the United States in international affairs.- 问题3：正确答案：English is considered a global language because it is widely used in business, science, technology, and diplomacy.2. 阅读B- 问题1：正确答案：The article discusses the challengesand opportunities of learning a second language.- 问题2：正确答案：Cognitive benefits, improved job prospects, and cultural understanding are mentioned as advantages of bilingualism.- 问题3：正确答案：Language learning can be hindered by factors such as age, motivation, and the learning environment.三、完形填空1. 正确答案：- (1) B. 影响- (2) A. 显著的- (3) D. 观点- (4) C. 概念- (5) E. 假设- (6) F. 假设- (7) G. 观点- (8) H. 影响- (9) I. 显著的- (10) J. 概念四、翻译1. 中译英- 正确答案：The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes to our daily lives.2. 英译中- 正确答案：全球化不仅促进了国际贸易，也增进了不同文化之间的理解和尊重。
(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英
Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商；饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or more likely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手；2）自由企业制度3）股东4）经济体制5）开发产品和服务6）市场力量；市场调节作用7）金融机构8）严重衰退9）破产10）mission11）stock price12）corporate motto13）assets14）maximize profits 15）financial systemPart 2：1)market forces2）financial institutions 3）free enterprise system 4）deep institutions5）invisible hand6）stockholder7）profit maximization 8）economic system Task 2：1.and；2.Another；3. also；4. Not only；but；5. otherTask 31. understanding；2. agree with；3. forces…to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激；2）与外部世界隔离3）陷入绝境4）易感抑郁5）恢复体能6）界定性特征7）暂时的挫败8）不因挫败而心烦意乱9）竞选权位10）吹着欢快的曲调Part 2：1)bout 2）validated3）squabble 4）aptitude5）platitude 6）debilitate7）reassuring 8）undermine9）ruminate 10）martialTask 2：1.contrasting；2.in contrast；3. However；4. different；5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of；2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2：1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist BEpistemologist Aphenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2：…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between ???3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化，数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2：1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2：1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyexamples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2：1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2：1. The present perfect tense（现在完成时）emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different timesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure：temptationgrueling：working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job：humble jobrecrafted：turnedHe might be doing a humble job，but he would turn it into a great mission4. entails：requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to：being beneficial toconnotation：implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society，and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefsUnit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的；手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。
(完整版)学术英语(医学)课后问题答案
Unit11、Some factors that may lead to the complaint:·Neuron overload·Patients* high expectations·Mistrust and misunderstanding between the patient and the doctor2、Mrs. Osorio’s condition:·A 56-year-old woman·Somewhat overweight·Reasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertension·Cholesterol on the high side without any medications for it·Not enough exercises she should take·Her bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan3、Good things:·Blood tests done·Glucose a little better·Her blood pressure a little better but not so great Bad things:·Cholesterol not so great·Her weight a little up·Her bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan 44、The situation:·The author was in a moderate state of panic: juggling so many thoughts about Mrs. Osorio’s conditions and trying to resolve them all before the clock ran down.·Mrs. Osorio made a trivial request, not so important as compared to her conditions.·Mrs. Osorio seemed to care only about her “innocent —and completely justified —request”：the form signed by her doctor.·The doctor tried to or at least pretended to pay attention to the patient whilecompleting documentation.5、Similarities:·In computer multitasking, a microprocessor actually performs only one task at a time. Like microprocessors, we human beings carft actually concentrate on two thoughts at the same exact time. Multitasking is just an illusion both in computers and human beings.Differences:·The concept of multitasking originated in computer science.·At best, human beings can juggle only a handful of thoughts in a multitasking manner, but computers can do much better.·The more thoughts human beings juggle, the less human beings are able to attune fully to any given thought, but computers can do much better.6、·7 medical issues to consider·5 separate thoughts, at least, for each issue·7 x 5 = 35 thoughts·10 patients that afternoon·35 x 10 = 350 thoughts·5 residents under the authors supervision·4 patients seen by each resident·10 thoughts, at least, generated from each patient·5 x 4 x 10 = anther 200 thoughts·350 + 200 = 550 thoughts to be handled in total·If the doctor does a good job juggling 98% of the time, that still leaves about 10 thoughts that might get lost in the process.7、Possible solutions:·Computer-generated reminders·Case managers·Ancillary services·The simplest solution: timeUnit21、The author implies:• Peoples inadequate consciousness about the consequence of neglecting the re-emerging infectious diseases·Unjustifiability of peoples complacency about the prevention and control of the infectious diseases·Unfinished war against infectious diseases2、Victory declarations:·Surgeon General William Stewart's hyperbolic statement of closing “the book on infectious disease”.·A string of impressive victories incurred by antibiotics and vaccines·The thought that the war against infectious diseases was almost overWhat followed ever since:·Appearance of new diseases such as AIDS and Ebola·Comeback of the old afflictions:» Diphtheria in the former Soviet Union» TB in urban centers like New York City» Rising Group A streptococcal conditions like scarlet fever·The fear of a powerful new flu strain sweeping the world3、Elaborate on the joined battle:·WHO established a new division devoted to worldwide surveillance and control of emerging disease in October 1995.·CDC launched a prevention strategy in 1994.·Congress raised fund from $6.7 million in 1995 to $26 million in 1997.4、The borders are meaningless to pathogenic microbes, which can travel from one country to another remote country in a very short time.5、TB:·Prisons and homeless shelters as ideal places for TB spread·Emerging of drug-resistant strain or even multi-drug-resistant strain·A ride on the HIV w^on by attacking the immunocompromisedGroup A strep:·A change in virulence·Mutation in the exterior of the bacteriumFlu:Constant changes in its coat (surface antigens) and resultant changes in its level of virulence6、Examples:·Experiment in England is seeing the waning immunity because of no vaccination. ·Du e to poor vaccination efforts, the diphtheria situation in the former Soviet Union is serious. '• The vaccination rates are dropping in some American cities, and it will lead to more diphtheria and whooping cough.7、The four areas of focus:·The need for surveillance·Updated science capable of dealing with discoveries in the field·Appropriate prevention and control·Strong public health infrastructure8、The infectious diseases such as TB, flu, diphtheria and scarlet fever will never really go away, and the war against them will never end.Unit31、Terry's life before·She loved practicing Tae Kwon Do·She loved the surge of adrenaline that came with the controlled combat of tournaments.·She competed nationally, even won bronze medal in the trials for the Pan American Games.·She attended medical school, practiced as an internal medicine resident, and became an academic general internist.·She got married and got a son and a daughter.2、The symptoms of MS and autoimmune disease:·Loss of stamina and strength·Problems with balance·Bouts of horrific facial pain·Dips in visual acuity3、Terry did the following before she self-experimented:·She started injections.·She adopted many pharmacotherapies.·She began her own study of literature:» She read articles on websites such as PubMed.» She searched for articles testing new MS drugs in animal models.» She turned to articles concerning neurodegeneration of all types — dementia，Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Lou Gehrig's disease.» She relearned basic sciences such as cellular physiology, biochemistry, and neurophysiology.4、Approaches Terry mainly used:·Self-experimentation with various nutrients to slow neurodegeneration based on literature reports on animal models·Self-experimentation with neuromuscular electrical stimulation which is not an approved treatment for MS·Online search to identify the sources of micronutrients and having a new diet ·Reduction of food allergies and toxic load5、Cases mentioned in the text:·Increased mercury stores in the brains of people with dental fillings·High levels of the herbicide atrazine in private wells in Iowa·The strong association between pesticide exposure and neurodegeneration ·The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms involving metabolism of sulfur and/or B vitamins·Inefficient clearing of toxins6、With 70% to 90% of the risk for diabetes, heart disease, cancer, andautoimmunity being due to environmental factors other than the genes, we can take many health problems and the health care crisis under our control, for example, optimizing our nutrition and reducing our toxic load.Unit41、Two concepts:·Complementary medicine refers to the use of conventional therapies together with alternative treatments such as using acupuncture in addition to usual care to help lessen pain. Complementary and alternative medicine is shortened as CAM.·Alternative medicine refers to healing treatments that are not part of conventional therapies —like acupuncture, massage therapy, or herbal medicine. They are called so because people used to consider practices like these outside the mainstream.2·TCM does not require advanced, complicated, and in most cases, expensive facilities.·TCM employs needles, cups, coins, to mention but a few.·Most procedures and operations of TCM are noninvasive.·The substances used as medicine are raw herbs or abstracts from them, and they are indeed all natural, from nature.·TCM has been practiced as long as the Chinese history, so the efficiency i s proven and ensured.·Ongoing research around the world on acupuncture, herbs, massage and Tai Chi have shed light on some of the theories and practices of TCM3、It may be used as an adjunct treatment, an alternative, or part of a comprehensive management program for a number of conditions: post-operative and chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, post-operative dental pain, addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma.4、A well-justified NO:·More intense research to uncover additional areas for the use of acupuncture ·Higher adoption of acupuncture as a common therapeutic modality not only in treatment but also in prevention of disease and promotion of wellness ·Exploration and perfection of innovative methods of acupuncture point stimulation with technological advancement·Improved understanding of neuroscience and other aspects of human physiology and function by basic research on acupuncture·Greater interest by stakeholders·An increasing number of physician acupuncturists5、·Appropriate uses of herbs depend on proper guidance:» Proper TCM diagnosis of the zheng of the patient»Correct selection of the corresponding therapeutic strategies and principles that guide the choice of herbs and herbal formulas·Digression from either of the above guidence will lead to misuses of herbs, and will result in complications in patient6、·Randomized controlled trialsAdvantages:»Elimination of the potential bias in the allocation of participants to the intervention group or control group» Tendency to produce comparable groups» Guaranteed validity of statistical tests of significanceLimitations:» Difficulty in generalizing the results obtained from the selected sampling to the population as a whole»A poor choice for research where temporal factors are anissue»Extremely heavy resources, requiring very large samplegroups• Quasi-experimentsAdvantages:» Control group comparisons possible»Reduced threats to external validity as natural environments do notsuffer the same problems of artificiality as compared to a well-controlledlaboratory setting.»Generalizations of the findings to be made about population since quasiexperiments are natural experimentsLimitations：» Potential for non-equivalent groups as quasi-experimental designs donot use random sampling in constructing experimental and controlgroups.»Potential for low internal validity as a result of not using random sampling methods to construct the experimental and control groups• Cohort studiesAdvantages:»Clear indication of the temporal sequence between exposure and outcome» Particular use for evaluating the effects of rare or unusual exposure» Ability to examine multiple outcomes of a single risk factorLimitations:» Larger, longer, and more expensive» Prone to certain types of bias» Not practical for rare outcomes• Case-control studiesAdvantages:» The only feasible method in the case of rare diseases and those with long periods between exposure and outcome» Time and cost effective with relatively fewer subjects as compared to other observational methodsLimitations：» Unable to provide the same level of evidence as randomized controlled trials as it is observational in nature» Difficult to establish the timeline of exposure to disease outcome• “N=1” trialsAdvantages» Easy to manage» InexpensiveLimitations：» Findings difficult to be generalized to the whole population» Weakest evidence due to the number of the subject7、• Synthesis of evidence is completely dependent on:» The completeness of the literature search (unavailable for foreign studies)» The accuracy of evaluation·There are situations in which no answer can be found for the questions of interest in RCTs and database analyses.·There's the requirement of using less stringent information rather than “hard data”8、·Assessment of the intrinsic value of traditional medicine in society·Research and education·Political, economic, and social factorsUnit51、·Dis-ease refers to the imbalance arising from：» Continuous stress» Pain» Hardships·Disease is a health crisis ascribable to various dis-eases.·Prompting elimination of dis-eases can alleviate some diseases.2、·Wellness is a state involving every aspect of our being: body, mind and spirit.·Manifestations of a healthy person:» Energy and vitality» A certain zip in gait» A warm feeling of peace of heart seen through behavior3、·Constant messages, positive and negative，are sent to our mind about the health of our body.·Physical symptoms are suppressed by people who go through life on automatic pilot.·Being well equals to being disease- or illness-free in the minds of them.·They confused wellness with an absence of symptoms.4、·People's minds are infected by spin:» Half-truth» Fearful fictions» Blatant deceit: some as a form of self-deceit·Spin is a result of unconscious living.·The kind of falseness is pandemic.5·Our body intelligence is suppressed or dormant from a lack of use.·There are tremendous amount of stress on a daily basis.·Our bodies are easily ignored for years because of a lack of recreation time. ·Limiting, self-defeating and even self-destructive behaviors undermine our wellbeing and keep them from achieving our full potential.6·We grow more reluctant to take risks.·We lose the ability to feel and acknowledge our deepest feelings and the courage to speak our truth.·We continue to deny and repress our feelings to protect ourselves.·Fear, denial and disconnection from our bodies and feelings become an unconscious, self-protective habit, a kind of default response to life.7·A multi-faceted process:» Looking for roots of and resolutions for the issues in different dimensions» Building our wellness toolbox slowly» Picturing our whole state of being·Attention to the little stuff:» Examining our lives honestly and setting clear intentions to change» Striving to maintain a balance of our mind, body and spirit» Taking small steps in the way to perceive and resolve conflict8·Try to awaken and evolve in order to live more consciously.·Get in touch with our genuine feelings and emotions.·Come to terms with the toxic emotions1、In the past, most people died at home. But now, more and more people are caredin hospitals and nursing homes at their end of life, which of course brings a new set of questions to consider.2、·Sixty-four years old with a history of congestive heart failure·Deciding to do everything medically possible to extend his life·Availability of around-the-clock medical services and a full range of treatment choices, tests, and other medical care·Relaxed visiting hours, and personal items from home3、Availability of around-the-clock medical resources, including doctors, nurses, andfacility.4、·Taking on a job which is big physically, emotionally, and financially·Hiring a home nurse for additional help·Arranging for services (such as visiting nurses) and special equipment (like a hospital bed or bedside commode)5、·Health insurance·Planning by a professional, such as a hospital discharge plaimer or a social worker·Help from local governmental agencies·Doctor's supervision at home6、·Traditionally, it is only about symptom care.·Recently, it is a comprehensive approach to improving the quality of life for people who are living with potentially fatal diseases.·Stopping treatment specifically aimed at curing an illness equals discontinuing all treatment.·Choosing a hospice is a permanent decision.Unit71、·A dying patient·Decision whether to withdraw life-support machines and medication and start comfort measures·The family's refusal to make any decision or withdraw any treatments2、·The doctor as exclusive decision-maker·The patient as participant with little say in the final choice3、·Respect for the patient, especially the patient s autonomy·Patient-centered care·The patient as decision-maker based on the information provided by the doctor 4、·Patients are forced to make decisions they never want to.·Patients, at least a large majority of them, prefer their doctors to make final decisions.·Shifting responsibility of decision-making to patients will bring about more stress to patients and their families, especially when the best option for the patient is uncertain.5、Doctors are very much cautious about committing some kind of ethicaltransgression.6、·Shouldering responsibility together with the patient may be better than having the patient make decisions on their own.·Balancing between paternalism and respect for patients autonomy constitutes a large part of medical practice.Unit81、·Research:An activity to test hypothesis, to permit conclusions to be drawn, and thereby to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge·Practice:Interventions solely to enhance the well-being of an individual patient or client and that have a reasonable expectation of success·Blurred distinction:» Cooccurrence of research and practice like in research designed to evaluate a therapy» Notable departures from standard practice being called “experimental” with the terms “experimenta l”and “research” carelessly defined2、·Autonomy：Individuals treated as autonomous agents .·Protection:Persons with diminished autonomy entitled to protection·A case in point:Prisoners involved in research3·“Do no harm” as the primary principle·Maximization of possible benefits and minimization of possible harms . ·Balance between benefits and potential risks involved in every step of seeding the benefits4、·“Do no harm” as a fundamental principle of medical ethics·Extension of it to the realm of research by Claude Bernard·Benefits and risks as a set “duet” in both medical practice and research5、·Unreasonable denial of entitled benefit and unduly imposed burden：Enrolment of patients in new drug trial: Who should be enrolled and who should not?·Equal treatment of equals:Determining factors of equality: age, sex, severity of the condition, financial status, social status6、·Definition:The opportunity to choose what shall or shall not happen to them ·Application:» A process rather than signing a written form» Adequate information as the premise» A well-informed decision as the expected result7、·Requirements for consent as entailed by the principle of respect for persons ·Risk/benefit assessment as entailed by the principle of beneficence·More requirements of fairness as entailed by the principle of justice: » At the individual level: fairness» At the social level: distinction between classes。
学术英语课后答案unit1.docx
学术英语理工教师手册Unit 1Choosing a TopicI Teaching ObjectivesIn this unit , you will learn how to:a particular topic for your researcha research questiona working title for your research essayyour language skills related with reading and listening materials presented in this unitII. Teaching Procedureson a topicTask 1Answers may vary.Task 21 No, because they all seem like a subject rather than a topic, a subject which cannot be addressed even by a whole book, let alone by a1500-wordessay.2Each of them can be broken down into various and more specific aspects. For example, cancer can be classified into breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer and so on.Breast cancer can have such specific topics for research as causes for breast cancer, effects of breast cancer and prevention or diagnosis of breast cancer.3 Actually the topics of each field are endless. Take breast cancer for example,we can have the topics like:Why Women Suffer from Breast Cancer More Than Men?A New Way to Find Breast TumorsSome Risks of Getting Breast Cancer in Daily LifeBreast Cancer and Its Direct Biological ImpactBreast Cancer—the Symptoms & DiagnosisBreastfeeding and Breast CancerTask 31 Text 1 illustrates how hackers or unauthorized users use one way or another toget inside a computer, while Text 2 describes the various electronic threats acomputer may face.2 Both focus on the vulnerability of a computer.3 Text 1 analyzes the ways of computer hackers, while Text 2 describes securityproblems of a computer.4 Text 1: The way hackers“get inside” a computerText 2: Electronic threats a computer facesYes, I think they are interesting, important, manageable and adequate.Task 41Lecture1:Ten Commandments of Computer EthicsLecture 2:How to Deal with Computer HackersLecture 3:How I Begin to Develop Computer Applications2Answersmay vary.Task 5Answers may vary.2 Formulating a research questionTask 1Text 3Research question 1: How many types of cloud services are there and what are they?Research question 2: What is green computing?Research question 3: What are advantages of the cloud computing?Text 4Research question 1: What is the Web ?Research question 2: What are advantages and disadvantages of the cloud computing? Research question 3: What security benefits can the cloud computing provide?Task 22 Topic2: Threats of Artificial IntelligenceResearch questions:1)What are the threats of artificial intelligence?2)How can human beings control those threats?3)What are the difficulties to control those threats?3 Topic3: The Potentials of NanotechnologyResearch questions:1)What are its potentials in medicine?2)What are its potentials in space exploration?3)What are its potentials in communications?4 Topic4: Global Warming and Its EffectsResearch questions:1)How does it affect the pattern of climates?2)How does it affect economic activities?3)How does it affect human behavior?Task 3Answers may vary.3 Writing a working titleTask 1Answers may vary.Task 21 Lecture 4 is about the security problems of cloud computing, while Lecture 5 isabout the definition and nature of cloud computing, hence it is more elementary than Lecture 4.2 The four all focus on cloud computing. Although Lecture 4 and Text 4 address thesame topic, the former is less optimistic while the latter has more confidence inthe security of cloud computing. Text 3 illustrates the various advantages of cloud computing.3 Lecture 4: Cloud Computing SecurityLecture 5: What Is Cloud Computing?Task 3Answers may vary.4 Enhancing your academic languageReading: Text 1the words with their definitions.1g 2a 3e 4b 5c 6d 7j 8f 9h 10iwords listed 2. Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the targetbelow with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary.1 symbolic 2distributed3site4complex 5identify6fairly 7straightforward 8capability 9target10attempt11process 12parameter13interpretation14technical15range 16exploit17networking18involve19 instance 20specification 21accompany22predictable23profile3. Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold.Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentence patterns listed above.ranging from（从⋯⋯到）arise from some misunderstandings leaves a lot of problems unsolved opens a path for（打开了通道）requires a different frame of mind （来自于⋯⋯ 解）（留下很多没有得到解决）（需要有新的思想）the following sentences from Text 1 into Chinese.1)有些人声称黑客是那些超越知疆界而不造成危害的好人（或即使造成危害，但并非故意而），而“ 客”才是真正的坏人。
(完整版)学术综合英语课后答案
工作计划月报表怎么写
在现代社会中, 工作计划月报表是一种重要的工作文档, 它用来记录和总结个人或团队在一个月内的工作计划、完成情
况和反馈意见。
一个好的工作计划月报表不仅可以帮助管理
者更好地了解团队的工作进展和问题所在, 也可以帮助员工及时调整工作计划, 保证工作的高效进行。
那么, 接下来我们就
来看一下如何撰写一份优质的工作计划月报表。
1.报表基本信息
首先, 写报表要明确基本信息, 包括报表的标题、时间范围、报表编制人员、审批人员等, 确保大家对这份报表有清晰的认识和了解。
2.本月工作总结
接着, 对这个月的工作进行总结, 包括完成的任务和项目、遇到的问题、取得的成果等, 需要客观地记录事实, 突出重点, 切忌含糊其辞。
3.下月工作计划
然后是下个月的工作计划, 列出具体的工作任务、时间节点和责任人, 确保每个人清楚自己的任务和目标, 同时要根据完成情况, 做出合理的调整和安排。
4.需要领导解决的问题
在报表中也要客观反映遇到的问题和困难, 如果需要领导或其他部门的支持和
解决, 也要明确提出, 并提供相应的建议或解决方案。
5.其他事项
最后, 报表中还可以包括其他需要说明的事项, 比如个人感悟、团队建设、学习计划等内容, 让报表更加全面和有深度。
总的来说, 一份优质的工作计划月报表应当具备客观真实、明确具体、内容清晰、有建设性的特点, 通过不断的完善和调整, 可以帮助团队更好地规划和实施工作, 提高工作效率和质量。
希望以上内容对您能有所帮助, 谢谢！。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Unit one
Text A：Exercise
Language Building—up
I. 1. G 2。
I 3。
C 4. B 5. E 6. A 7. D 8。
H 9。
F
II. 1. Undercapitalization； 2. Mutual fund; 3. Business plan; 4. Transaction; 5. Road map; 6. On-demand; 7。
Fraud；8. Work force；9。
Customer service
Unit two
Text A：Exercise
1.Translate the following expressions from English into Chinese or vice versa.
1 the act of sales 销售行为
2 manage customer relationships 管理客户关系
3 business philosophy 经营理念
4 satisfy consumer requirements 满足消费者需求
5 manipulate the tools of marketing 使用营销工具
6 entice consumers to buy products 吸引消费者购买产品
7 effective marketing 有效营销
8 ideal target market 理想的目标市场
9 promote products 促销产品
10 利益最大化maximize interest
11 产品包装the packing of the product
12 产品设计与生产the design and manufacturing of the product
13 知名品牌an established brand
14 消费产品consumer goods
15 独家经销exclusive distribution
16 事件营销event marketing
17 减少生产成本cut the cost of manufacturing
plete the following sentences with the correct form of the terms in the box。
1。
Target market； 2. Sales promotion; 3. Manage customer relationships；4。
Established brand; 5。
Exclusive distribution; 6. Event marketing
Unit three
Text A
1.Match the expression in Column A with their Chinese equivalents in Column B。
1。
G；2。
I; 3. C； 4. D；5。
F；6。
H；7. E; 8。
A; 9. B
plete the following sentences with the correct form of the above expressions。
1. Growth strategy; 2。
Consumer preferences； 3. Joint venture; 4。
International expansion；5。
Shopping behaviors； 6. Merchandising strategies
Unit four
Text A
1. Search the Internet and find equivalents of the following English words or phrases in Chinese business literature.
effective leadership 有效领导
management practice 管理实践
strategic planning 战略规划
mission 使命
Vision statement 愿景
goal （长期）目标
objective (中短期）目标
function 职能
expense 费用，支出
Resources 资源
performance 绩效
Insight 洞察
plete the following paragraph with the correct form of appropriate words or expressions from the above.
(1)。
Strategic planning；
（2）。
Mission；
(3). Objectives;
(4). Insights;
（5)。
Resources;
（6)。
Functions;
(7). Performance
Unit five
Text A
Task 1. Specialized vocabulary
1.
1.电子商务模式
2.减少开销
3.公司客户
4.未售存货
5.批发商和零售商
6.比较购物
7.购物偏好
8.个性化服务
9.Generate sales revenue
10.Facilitate sales transactions
11.Fairly priced，high—quality products
rge quantities of raw materials
13.Increase the volume of products
14.Build long—term relationships with the customers
15.Broadband access to the Internet
rmation database
2。
1.Conduct business;
2.Growth opportunity;
3.Human resources;
4.Individualized services；
5.Buying preferences；
6.Generate sales revenue。