2017年12月四级英语听力真题第一套(含答案及原文)
2017年12月四级英语听力真题第一套Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) Her grandfather .C) Her friend Erika.B)Her grandmother. D) Her little brother.2.A) By taking pictures for passers-by.C) By working part time at a hospital.B)By selling lemonade and pictures.D) By asking for help on social media. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel.B)Providing clean energy to five million people.C)Generating electric power for passing vehicles.D)Finding cheaper ways of highway construction.4.A) They are only about half an inch thick.B)They are made from cheap materials.C)They can be laid right on top of existing highways.D)They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) The lack of clues about the species.C) Endless fighting in the region.B)Inadequate funding for research.D) The hazards from the desert.6.A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks.B)To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.C)To identify the reasons for the lions’ disap pearance.D)To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”.7.A) Lions’ tracks.C) Some camping facilities.B)Lions walking.D) Traps set by local hunters.Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) A special gift from the man.C) A call from her dad.B)Her wedding anniversary.D) Her ‘lucky birthday’.9.A) Threw her a surprise party.C) Bought her a gold necklace.B)Took her on a trip overseas.D) Gave her a big model plane.10.A) What her husband and the man are up to.B)What has been troubling her husband.C)The trip her husband has planned.D)The gift her husband has bought.11.A) He wants to find out about the couple’s holiday plan.B)He is eager to learn how the couple’s holiday turns out.C)He will tell the women the secret if her husband agrees.D)He will be glad to be a guide for the couple’s hol iday trip.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) They take the rival’s attitude into account.B)They know when to adopt a tough attitude.C)They see the importance of making compromises.D)They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.13.A) They know when to stop.C) They know when to make compromises.B)They know how to adapt.D) They know how to control their emotion.14.A) They are patient.C) They are good at expression.B)They learn quickly.D) They uphold their principles.15.A) Clarify items of negotiation.C) Get to know the other side.B)Make clear one's intentions.D) Formulate one's strategy.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) How space research benefits people on Earth.B)When the International Space Station was built.C)How many space shuttle missions there will be.D)When America's earliest space program started.17.A) They tried to make best use of the latest technology.B)They tried to meet astronauts' specific requirements.C)They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.D)They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles.18.A) They are expensive to make.C) They were first made in space.B)They are extremely accurate.D) They were invented in the 1970s.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) Everything was natural and genuine then.B)People had plenty of land to cultivate then.C)It marked the beginning of something new.D)It was when her ancestors came to America.20.A) They were known to be creative.C) They had all kinds of entertainment.B)They enjoyed living a living a life of ease. D) They believed in working for goals.21.A) Chatting with her ancestors.C) Furnishing her country house.B)Doing needlework by the fire.D) Polishing all the silver work.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) Sit down and try to calm yourself.C) Use a map to identify your location.B)Call your family or friends for help.D) Try to follow your footprints back.23.A) You may end up entering a wonderland.B)You may get drowned in a sudden flood.C)You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.D)You may find a way out without your knowing it.24.A) Wait patiently.C) Start a fire.B)Look for food.D) Walk uphill.25.A) Check the local weather.C) Prepare enough food and drink.B)Find a map and a compass.D) Inform somebody of your plan.答案1.D2.B3.B4.C5.C6.D7.A8.D9.A10.C11.B12.D13.A14.B15.C16.A17.C18. B。
2017年12月英语四级真题(卷一)
2017年12月四级真题（一）Part I Writing (25 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between parents and children. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather.B)Her grandmother. D) Her little brother.2. A) By taking pictures for passers-by. C) By working part time at a hospital.B) By selling lemonade and pictures. D) By asking for help on social media.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction.B) Providing clean energy to five million people.C) Generating electric power for passing vehicles.D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel.4. A) They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements.B) They are only about half an inch thick.C) They can be laid right on top of existing highways.D) They are made from cheap materials.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Inadequate funding for research. C) Endless fighting in the region.B) The hazards from the desert. D) The lack of clues about the species.6. A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks.B) To identify the reasons for the lions’ disappearance.C) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.D) To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”.7. A) Lions’ tracks. C) Some camping facilities.B) Lions walking. D) Traps set by local hunters.Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A)A special gift from the man. C) Her wedding anniversary.B) A call from her dad. D) Her ‘lucky birthday’.9. A) Threw her a surprise party. C) Took her on a trip overseas.B) Bought her a good necklace. D) Gave her a big model plane.10. A) The gift her husband has bought.B)What has been troubling her husband.C) The trip her husband has planned.D) What her husband and the man are up to.11. A) He will be glad to be a guide for the couple’s holiday trip.B) He is eager to learn how the couple’s holiday turns out.C) He will tell the women the secret if her husband agrees.D) He wants to find out about the couple’s holiday plan.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) They take the rival’s attitude into account.B) They see the importance of making compromises.C) They know when to adopt a tough attitude.D) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.13. A) They know when to stop. C) They know when to make compromises.B) They know how to adapt. D) They know how to control their emotion.14.A) They are patient. C) They are good at expression.B) They learn quickly. D) They uphold their principles.15. A) Make clear one's intentions. C) Get to know the other side.B) Clarify items of negotiation. D) Formulate one's strategy.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) How space research benefits people on Earth.B) When the International Space Station was built.C) How many space shuttle missions there will be.D) When America's earliest space program started.17. A) They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles.B) They tried to meet astronauts' specific requirements.C) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.D) They tried to make best use of the latest technology.18. A) They are expensive to make. C) They were first made in space.B) They are extremely accurate. D) They were invented in the 1970s.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It was when her ancestors came to America.B) People had plenty of land to cultivate then.C) It marked the beginning of something new.D) Everything was natural and genuine then.20. A) They were known to be creative. C) They had all kinds of entertainment.B) They enjoyed living a living a life of ease. D)They believed in working for goals.21. A) Chatting with her ancestors. C) Polishing all the silver work.B) Doing needlework by the fire. D) Furnishing her country house.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) Sit down and try to calm yourself. C) Use a map to identify your location.B) Call your family or friends for help. D) Try to follow your footprints back.23. A) You may find a way out without your knowing it.B) You may get drowned in a sudden flood.C) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.D) You may end up entering a wonderland.24. A) Walk uphill. C) Start a fire.B) Wait patiently. D) Look for food.25. A) Find a map and a compass. C) Check the local weather.B) Prepare enough food and drink. D) Inform somebody of your plan.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some 26 skills that could help the treatment of human diseases.Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban 27 , but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having a brain no bigger than the 28 of your index finger, pigeons have a very impressive 29_ memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images.Rats are often 30 with spreading disease rather than 31 it, but this long-tailed animal is highly 32 . Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors (嗅觉感受器), whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect _33 smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB(肺结核). When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to 34 a sample is infected.Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35 , but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate — the rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than search for answers.[A] I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question.[B] Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kind are the most taxing and ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.[C] As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. “That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn’t happen without the pressure of an in-class exam,” he explained, “Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.”[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled “Introduction To Congress.” Some colleges have what they call an “honor code,” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.[E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain from take-hone exams. “Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me. “Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enha nce learning and retention.”[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches “History of Broadcast Journalism” at Montgomery Community College in Rock ville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. “In my field, it’s not what you know—it’s what you know how to find out,” says Koch. “There is way too much information, and more coming all t he time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them.[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. “I prefer take-h ome essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,” says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, “I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the tim e is up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. “If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be a breeze.”[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personal test-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there those who, notknowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. And then there are we rare folks who fit both those descriptions.[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly. As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, told me, “We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Our fellow students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last in school.”[J] If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share, When I asked his opinion on this matter, he responded, “I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.It seem s to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two in advance, and then doing the actual test in class the ticking clock overhead.[K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her final exam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, “It is going to be apiece of cake.” When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a blue book in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were given a slice.36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in other courses.38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?A) To what extent it can trouble people. C) What circumstances may trigger it.B) What role it has played in evolution. D) In what way it can be beneficial.47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphinsD) She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains.D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.B) She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.D) She compared the responses of different participants.50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.It’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “very tired” or “exhausted”, according to a rec ent study.This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "no." Women want to be able to do it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “Yes, I can.”Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career.At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-evenif that means doing the boring work themselves.This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely – including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.51. What does the author say is the problem with women?A) They are often unclear about the career goals to reach.B) They are usually more committed at home than on the job.C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.C) They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.D) They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women?A) Their unwillingness to say “no”.B) Their desire to be considered powerful.C) An underestimate of their own ability.D) A lack of courage to face challenges.54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______.A) women tend to be easily satisfiedB) men are generally more persuasiveC) men tend to put their personal interests firstD) women are much more ready to compromise55. What is important to a good leader?A) A dominant personality. C) The courage to admit failureB) The ability to delegate. D) A strong sense of responsibility.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.泰山位于山东省西部。
2017年12月英语四级考试真题第一套附答案
WritingDirections:For this part,you are allowed30 minutes to write a short essayon how to best handle the relationship parents and children.You should write at least 120words but no more than 180words2017年12月四级卷一答案（郑家顺）卷一作文Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between parents and children. You should write at least 120 wordsbut no more than 180 words.范文参见：（郑家顺）大学英语四级模拟9How to best handle the relationship between parents and children?Nowadays there is often a lack of understanding between parent and child. Parents cannot accept such behaviors of their children as having hair colored, wearing erratic dresses and being crazy for super stars. Likewise, many children feel frustrated in their parents’ misunderstanding, and they express their longing for the support of their parents by the song “Long Li ve Understanding”.The most obvious reason for this situation is that they grew up at different times and therefore have different likes and dislikes for the things around them. Consequently, parents think their children are unreasonable and self-centered, while children feel their parents are hopelessly old fashioned. Both of them take it for granted that there is a “generation gap”.How to solve such serious problems? To begin with, parents should adapt some strategic changes in children education. They should consciously develop their children’s capabilities to think on their own. In addition, children should cope with the difficulties they encounter independently and may also sear ch for parents’ necessary guide only at critical moments.To bridge this gap, both parent and child should make an effort. The elder should be more accessible to new things and the younger should defer to the advisable proposals from parents.听力答案Section A1. D) Her little brother.2. B) By selling lemonade and pictures.3. B) Providing clean energy to five million people.4. C) They can be laid right on top of existing highways.5. C) Endless fighting in the region.6. D) To find evidence of the existence of the "lost lions".7. A) Lions' tracks.Section B8. D) Her 'lucky birthday'.9. A) Threw her a surprise party.10. C) The trip her husband has planned.11. B) He is eager to learn how the couple's holiday turns out.12. D) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.13. A) They know when to stop.14. C) They learn quickly.15. C) Get to know the other side.Section C16. A) How space research benefits people on Earth.17. C) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.18. B) They are extremely accurate.19. C)It marked the beginning of something new.20. D)They believed working for goals.21. B)Doing needlework by the fire.22. A) Sit down and try to calm yourself23. C) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.24. A) Walk uphill.25. D) Inform somebody of your plan.阅读答案Section A 选词填空26. [K] superior27. [D] nuisance28. [M] tip29. [O] visual30. [A] associated31. [F] preventing32. [H] sensitive33. [I] slight34. [C] indicate35. [J] specifySection B 段落信息匹配36. [I] Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.37. [E] Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performances in others courses.38. [C] Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students39. [D] In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.40. [B] The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.41. [H] Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.42. [G] Different students may prefer different types of exams.43. [F] Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on the type of course being taught.44. [A] The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.45. [J] Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.Section C 仔细阅读Passage one46. D) In what way it can be beneficial.47. C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins.48. A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.49. C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.50. B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.Passage two51. D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.52. A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and done.53. A) Their unwillingness to say "no".54. D) women are much more ready to compromise.55. B) The ability to delegate.翻译范文翻译卷一：泰山位于山东省西部。
2017年12月大学英语四级参考答案及听力原文
2017年12月丨四级听力*注：2017年12月全国大学英语四级考试共有两套听力。
听力第一套听力原文：A 9-year-old girl in New Mexico has raised more than $500 for her little brother who needs heart surgery in Houston, Texas this July. Addison Witulski's grandmother Kim Allred, said Addison probably overheard a conversation between family members talking about the funds needed to get her little brother to treatment. "I guess she overheard her grandfather and me talking about how we're worried about how we're going to get to Houston, for my grandson's heart surgery," said Allred. She decided to go outside and have a lemonade stand and make some drawings and pictures and sell them.” That's when Addison and her friends Erika and Emily Borden decided to sell lemonade for 50 cents a cup and sell pictures for 25 cents each.Before Allred knew it, New Mexico State Police Officers were among the many stopping by helping them reach a total of$568. The family turned to social media expressing their gratitude saying, "From the bottom of our hearts, we would like to deeply thank each and every person that stopped by!"1: Who did Addison raise the money for?2: How did Addison raise the money?News Report 2:Last week, France announced that the country will pave 621 miles of road with solar panels over the next five years with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people. Called the Ward Way, the roads will be built through joint efforts with the French road building company Colas and the National Institute of Solar Energy. The company spent the last five years developing solar panels that are only about a quarter of inch thick and are strong enough to stand up to heavy highway traffic without breaking or making the roads more slippery. The panels are also designed so that they canbe installed directly on top of the existing roadways, making them relatively cheap and easy to install. France is the first country to kick around the idea of paving its roads with solar panels. In November 2015, the Netherlands completed a229-foot long bike path paved with solar panels as a test for future projects. However, this is the first time a panel has been designed to be laid directly on top existing roads and the first project to install the panels on public highways.3: What was France’s purpose o f constructing theWard Way?4: What is special about the solar panels used in the Ward Way?News Report 3Lions have disappeared from much of Africa, but for the past few years scientists have wondered if the big cats were hanging on in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia. Continuousfighting in the region has made surveys difficult. But scientists released a report Monday documenting with hard evidence the discovery of "lost lions." A team with Oxford University’s Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, supported by a charity organization, spent two nights in November camping in a national park in northwest Ethiopia on the Ethiopia-Sudan border. The researchers set out six camera traps, capturing images of lions, and the identified lion tracks. The scientists concluded that lions are also likely to live in a neighboring national park across the border in Sudan. The International Union for Conservation of Nature had previously considered the area a "possible range" for the species, and local people had reported seeing lions in the area, but no one presented convincing evidence.5: What has made it difficult to survey lions in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia?6: What was the main purpose of the research?7: What did the researchers find in the national park?Conversation OneM: I beg you’re looking forward to the end of this month. Aren’t you?W: Yes, I am. How did you know?M: David told me you had a special birthday coming up. W: Oh, yes. That’s right. This year would be my golden birthday.M: What does t hat mean? I’ve never heard of a golden birthday.W: I’ve actually just learned of this concept myself. Fortunately, just in time to celebrate. A golden or lucky birthday is when one turns the age of their birth date. So, for example, my sister’s birthday i s December 9th and her golden birthday would have been the year she turns 9 years old. Come to think of it , my parents did throw her a surprise party that year.M: Interesting. Too bad I missed mine. My golden birthday would’ve been four years ago. I assu medly got a big plan then.W: Actually yes. My husband is planning a surprise holiday for the two of us next week. I have no idea what he’s gotten in mind, but I’m excited to find out. Has he mentioned anything to you?M: He might have.W: Anything you’d like to share? I’m dying to know what kind of trip he has planned where we’re going.M: Yeah, nothing at all.W: Not a clue. Hard to imagine, isn’t it! Though I must say, I think it has been even more fun keeping the secret for me the past few weeks.M: I’m sure both of you will have a fantastic time. Happy golden birthday! I can’t wait to hear all about it when you get back.8. What does the woman looking forward to?9. What did the woman’s parents do on her sister’s lucky birthday?10. What is the woman eager to find out about?11. What does the man say at the end of the conversation? Conversation TwoW: Mr. Green, What do you think makes a successful negotiator?M: Well, It does hard to define, but I think successful negotiators have several things in common. They are always polite and rational people, they are firm, but flexible. They can recognize power and know how to use it. They are sensitive to the dynamics in the negotiation, the way it raises and falls, and how may change the direction. They project the image of confidence, and perhaps most importantly, they know when to stop.W: And what about an unsuccessful negotiator?M: Well, this probably all of us when we start out. We are probably immature and over-trusting, too emotional or aggressive. We are unsure of ourselves and want to be liked by everyone. Good negotiators learn fast, pool negotiators remain like that and go on losing negotiations,W: In your opinion, can the skills of negotiation be taught? M: Well, you can teach someone how to prepare for negotiation. There perhaps six stages in every negotiation, get to know the other side, stay your goals, start the process, clarify there is a disagreement or conflict, reassess your position, making acceptable compromise, and finally reach some agreements and principals. These stages can be studied, and strategies to be used in each can be planned before-hand. But I think the really successful negotiator is probably born with the sixth sense that may respond properly to the situation at hand.W: The artistic sense you just described?M: Yes, that’s right12. What’s the man say about good negotiators?13. What does the man say, maybe the most important thing to a successful negotiator?14. How is a good negotiator different from a poor one?15. What’s the first stage of a negation according to the man?Passage OneSome people wonder why countries spend millions of dollars on space projects. They want to know how space research helps people on earth. Actually, space technology helps people on earth every day. This is called spin-off technology. Spin-off technology is space technology that is now used on earth. In early space programs, such as the Apollo missions of the 1960s and 1970s and in the space shuttle missions today, scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon and in space. We now use some of these objects every day. For example, we have quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year. We purify the water we drink with the water filter designed for the astronauts to use inspace. The cordless hand held tools we use in our homes, such as vacuum cleaners, flashlights, drills came from the technology of these early space programs. On cold winter days, we can stay warm with battery-operated gloves and socks, especially made coats and jackets. All the clothes are similar to the space suits designs that kept astronauts comfortable in the temperatures of the moon, in our spin offs from space technology. These products are only a few examples of the many ways space technology helps us in our everyday lives. No one knows how new spin off technology from the international space station will help us in the future.16. What do some people want to know about space exploration?17. What did scientist do for the space shuttle missions?18. What does the speaker say about the quartz crystal clocks and watches?Passage TwoWell, if I could get back in history and live, I'd like to get back to the 18th century and perhaps in colonial America in Yankee new England where one of my ancestors lived, because it was the beginning of something. By the 18th century, there was a feeling of community that had grown. My ancestor was the preacher traveling around countryside. People lived in small communities. It was fisherman and farmers who provided fresh food that tasted and looked like food. Unlike today’s supermarkets, and there were small towns and New York wasn't that far away. I'm deeply attached to the puritan tradition not in a religious sense. But they believed in working for something, working for goals. And I like that. They worked hard at whatever they did, but they had a sense of achievement. They believed in goodness, in community, and helping one another. I love the colonial fabrics or the silver works, the furnishings, the combination of elegance simplicity. I'd love it. The printing, the books, I’m very attached to all that kind of thing. That may not all be very entertaining in the modern sense of the world, but I would have enjoyed spending my evenings in that environment, discussing newideas, building a new world, and I can see myself sitting on a small chair by the fire doing needle work.19. Why does the speaker say she would like to go back and live in the 18th century America?20. What does the speaker say about the Puritans?21. What would the speaker like doing if she could go back to the past?Passage threeIf you are lost in the woods, a little knowledge concerned with some people called a hardship into an enjoyable stay away from the troubles of modern society. When you think you're lost,sit down on the log or rock, or lean against the tree, and recite something you are memorized to bring your mind to the point where is under control. Don’t run blindly if you must move, don't follow stream unless you know it, and in that case you're not lost. Streams normally flow through wide land before theyreach a lake or river though there are more eatable plants, there may also be wild animals, poisonous snakes, and other hazards. Many experts feel it is the wisest to walk up hill. At the top of most hills and mountains are trails living back to civilizations. If there are no trails, you're much easier to be seen on top of the hill. And you may even spot the highway or railroad from this point. Nowadays, the first way some of you search for you is by air. In the wide lands or in dense grass, we're very hard to spot. Anytime you are going to the woods, somebody should know where you're going, and when you are expected to return, also when someone comes to looking, you should be able to signal to them.22. What does the speaker advise you to do first if you are lost in the woods?23. What will happen if you follow an unknown stream in the woods?24. What do many experts think is the wisest thing to do if you're lost in the woods?25. What should you do before you go into the woods?参考答案：1. D) Her little brother.2. B) By selling lemonade and pictures.3. B) Providing clean energy to five million people.4. C) They can be laid right on top of existing highways.5. C) Endless fighing in the region.6. D) To find evidence of the lions'disappearance.7. A) Lions'tracks.8. D) Her "lucky brithday".9. A) Threw her a superise party.10. C) The trip her husband has planned.11.B)He is eager to learn how the couple's holiday turns out.12.D)They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.13.A)They know when to stop.14.B)They learn quickly.15.C)Get to konw the other side.16.A)How space research benefits people on Earth17.C)They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.18.B)They are extremely accurate.19.C)It marked the beginning of something new.20.D)They believed in working for goals.21.B)Doing needlework by the fire.22.A)Sit down and try to calm yourself.23.C)You may expose youself to unexpected dangers.24.A)Walk uphill.25.D)Inform somebody of your plan.听力第二套参考答案：1. D) It has got one of its injured.2. C) Its videos were posted on social media.3. A) The distance travelled.4. B) Gas consumption is soaring.5. B) He helps a stranger to carry groceries to his car.6. C) He raised a large sum of money for him.7. A) He works hard to support his family.8. A) Attend an economics lecture9. C) Attend his brother’s birthday party10. D) Join him in his brother’s birthday celebration11. B) By train12. A) Taking a vacation abroad.13. C) Working part time as a waiter.14. B) Save enough money..15. A) He has rich sailing experience.16. D) She was also a Nobel Prize winner.17. B) She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals.18. A) Both died of blood cancer.19. C) They discovered Iceland in the ninth century.20. D) It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice.21. A) Thee Viking’s ocean explorations.22. C) Dream about the future.23. B) Change what he has for his past imaginary world.24. D) International business.25. B) Be content with what you have.2017年12月丨四级阅读阅读第一套参考答案：26-30 K D M O A31-35 F H I C BA. associated （v +ed.）与…相关联B. examine（v.）检查；检测C. indicate（v.）意味；指示；象征D. nuisance（n.）讨厌的人或事E. peak（n.）巅峰；峰值F. preventing（v +ing.）防止；组织G. prohibiting（v +ing.）禁止H. sensitive（a.）敏感的I. slight（a.）微小的J. specify（v.）详细说明；指定K. superior（a.）高超的；优秀的L. suspicious（a.）可疑的M. tip（n.）尖端N. treated（v +ed）被治疗的；被对待的O. visual（a.）视觉的36. I定位：段落第一句，”Yes, my advanced age must fact or into the equation ,in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly.”37. E定位：段落首句。
2017年12月英语四级第一套听力原文
2017年12月英语四级第一套听力原文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Unfortunately, I am unable to provide the full transcript of the 2017 December English CET-4 Listening Test as it is a copyrighted material. However, I can provide a brief summary of the content in the test.The listening test for the 2017 December English CET-4 exam consisted of various sections covering a range of topics. The first section was a conversation between two people, typically discussing everyday situations such as making plans or asking for directions. This section tests the ability to understand main ideas and important details in spoken language.The second section usually features a monologue on a more specialized topic, such as biology, history, or economics. This section challenges the listener to grasp complex information and follow the speaker's reasoning.The third section is a discussion or debate between multiple speakers. This section evaluates the ability to identify different speakers and understand varying viewpoints on a given subject.The final section is a lecture or presentation on an academic or educational topic. This section tests the ability to follow a longer, more formal speech and extract key information.Overall, the listening test for the 2017 December English CET-4 exam required students to demonstrate their listening proficiency in various contexts and levels of language complexity. It is important for test-takers to practice listening to a variety of English materials in order to prepare effectively for this section of the exam.篇2The following is the original transcript for the listening section of the first set of the English Proficiency Test (CET-4) in December 2017:Part I ConversationText 1W: Where are you off to?M: I am heading to the library. I need to research for my term paper.W: What’s it about?M: It’s on climate change and its impact on wildlife.Text 2M: Hey, are you going to the party tonight?W: I wish I could, but I have to finish this report by tomorrow.M: Can I help you with it?W: That would be great! Thanks a lot.Text 3W: Do you like my new dress?M: Yeah, it looks great on you!W: Thanks! I bought it on sale at the mall last weekend.Text 4M: I heard you got a promotion at work. Congratulations!W: Thank you! I am really excited about the new opportunities.Part II PassageText 5Scientists have recently discovered a new species of dinosaur in South America. The dinosaur is believed to have livedover 65 million years ago. Researchers are studying the fossilized remains to learn more about this ancient creature.Text 6The city council has announced plans to build a new park in the downtown area. The park will have playgrounds, walking paths, and green spaces for residents to enjoy. Construction is expected to start next spring.Text 7The government has issued a warning about the dangers of smoking. Cigarette smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable deaths worldwide. It is important to educate the public about the health risks associated with tobacco use.Text 8A new study suggests that regular exercise can help improve mental health. Physical activity has been shown to reduce stress and anxiety levels in individuals. Doctors recommend incorporating exercise into your daily routine for overallwell-being.End of listeningThis is the complete transcript for the listening section of the first set of the English Proficiency Test (CET-4) in December 2017. Good luck in your exam preparation!篇32017年12月英语四级第一套听力原文为：Section AConversation OneWoman: Are you going to the concert this evening?Man: No, I can't make it. I promised to help Jane with her history assignment.Conversation TwoMan: I would like two tickets for the 3:30 show.Woman: I'm sorry, sir. The 3:30 show is sold out. But we have seats available for the 5:00 show.Conversation ThreeWoman: Can you give me a hand with this suitcase?Man: Sure, I'd be glad to help.Conversation FourWoman: What does Mr. Smith look like?Man: He's quite tall and has short black hair. He wears glasses and usually dresses quite formally.Section BPassage OneEvery day you use paper, whether you write a note, read a book, or print your assignments. But have you ever thought about how paper is made? Most of the paper we use is made from wood pulp. First, the wood is cut into small pieces and mixed with water to create a pulp. Then, the pulp is flattened out and dried into thin sheets. These sheets are then pressed and rolled to make them smooth. Finally, the paper is cut into the size and shape we need.Passage TwoDo you have a lot of friends on social media networks? If so, you are like many people today who spend hours chatting with friends and sharing photos online. However, research shows that spending too much time on social media can have negative effects on your mental health. Scientists have found that excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of depression and loneliness, as well as anxiety and low self-esteem. So, whileit's great to stay connected with friends online, it's important to also spend time in the real world, meeting face-to-face.Passage ThreeAre you a fan of international cuisine? If so, why not try cooking some dishes from around the world at home? There are countless recipes available online for you to try. From Indian curry to Italian pasta, you can find recipes for any type of cuisine you like. Cooking international dishes at home is not only fun, but it also allows you to explore different flavors and ingredients from around the world. So, next time you're looking for a new recipe to try, why not go global and cook something exotic?以上是2017年12月英语四级第一套听力的完整原文。
2017年12月英语四级考试真题第一套及答案
2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第一套) Part I Writing (25 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section，you will hear three news reports。
At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions。
Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1。
A）Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather。
B）Her little brother. D) Her grandmother.2. A）By taking pictures for passers—by. C）By selling lemonade and pictures。
2017年12月英语四级(卷一)
2017年12月英语四级及答案（卷一）Part I Writing (25 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to besthandle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section AQuestions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather.B) Her little brother. D) Her grandmother.2. A) By taking pictures for passers-by. C) By selling lemonade and pictures.B) By working part time at a hospital. D) By asking for help on social media.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction.B) Generating electric power for passing vehicles.C) Providing clean energy to five million people.D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel.4. A) They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements.B) They can be laid right on top of existing highways.C) They are only about half an inch thick.D) They are made from cheap materials.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for research.B) The hazards from the desert. D) The lack of clues about the species.6. A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks.B) To identify the reasons for the lions’ disappearance.C) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.D) To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”.7. A) Lions walking. C) Some camping facilities.B) Lions’ tracks. D) Traps set by local hunters.Section BQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Her ‘lucky birthday’. C) Her wedding anniversary.B) A call from her dad. D) A special gift from the man.9. A) Gave her a big model plane. C) Took her on a trip overseas.B) Bought her a good necklace. D) Threw her a surprise party.10. A) The gift her husband has bought.B) The trip her husband has planned.C) What has been troubling her husband.D) What her husband and the man are up to.11. A) He will be glad to be a guide for the couple’s holiday trip.B) He will tell the women the secret if her husband agrees.C) He is eager to learn how the couple’s holiday turns out.D) He wants to find out about the couple’s holiday plan.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.B) They see the importance of making compromises.C) They know when to adopt a tough attitude.D) They take the rival’s attitude into account.13. A) They know how to adapt. C) They know when to make compromises.B) They know when to stop. D) They know how to control their emotion.14. A) They are patient. C) They learn quickly.B) They are good at expression. D) They uphold their principles.15. A) Make clear one's intentions. C) Formulate one's strategy.B) Clarify items of negotiation. D) Get to know the other side.Section CSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) When America's earliest space program started.B) When the International Space Station was built.C) How many space shuttle missions there will be.D) How space research benefits people on Earth.17. A) They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles.B) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.C) They tried to meet astronauts' specific requirements.D) They tried to make best use of the latest technology.18. A) They are extremely accurate. C) They were first made in space.B) They are expensive to make. D) They were invented in the 1970s.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It was when her ancestors came to America.B) People had plenty of land to cultivate then.C) It marked the beginning of something new.D) Everything was natural and genuine then.20. A) They believed in working for goals. C) They had all kinds of entertainment.B) They enjoyed living a living a life of ease. D) They were known to be creative.21. A) Chatting with her ancestors. C) Polishing all the silver work.B) Furnishing her country house. D) Doing needlework by the fire.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Use a map to identify your location. C) Sit down and try to calm yourself.B) Call your family or friends for help. D) Try to follow your footprints back.23. A) You may find a way out without your knowing it.B) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.C) You may get drowned in a sudden flood.D) You may end up entering a wonderland.24. A) Look for food. C) Start a fire.B) Wait patiently. D) Walk uphill.25. A) Inform somebody of your plan. C) Check the local weather.B) Prepare enough food and drink. D) Find a map and a compass.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section AA rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some 26 skills that could help the treatment of human diseases.Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban 27 , but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having a brain no bigger than the 28 of your index finger, pigeons havea very impressive 29__ memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trainedto be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images.Rats are often 30 with spreading disease rather than 31 it, but thislong-tailed animal is highly 32 . Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 differenttypes of olfactory receptors (嗅觉感受器), whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect __33 smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB(肺结核). When t he rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to 34 a sample is infected.Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35 , but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection methoddoesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate — the rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.Section BDo In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather thansearch for answers.[A] I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange thatI have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question.[B] Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am c urrently questioning what kind are the most taxing and ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issuestake-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week todo the research, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.[C] As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the materialand guessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among s tudents and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. “That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn’t happen without the pressure of an in-class exam,” he explained, “Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.”[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety.In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam f or a class entitled “Introduction To Congress.”Some c olleges have what they call an “honor code,” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes orhopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for twosolid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subjectmatter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get megoing.[E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made a n impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain from take-hone exams. “Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in otherend-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limitedboundaries,” she told me. “Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning andretention.”[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often moreresearch-oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches “History of Broadcast Journalism” at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than thememorization of minute details. “In my field, it’s not what you know—it’s what you know how to find out,” says Koch. “There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out theanswers to questions by using all the resources available to them.[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. “I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,” says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior atMiddlebury, says, “I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment w hen the time is up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. “If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be a breeze.”[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personaltest-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. Andthen there are we rare folks who fit both those descriptions.[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of my inability toaccess the information as quickly. As another returning studentat Columbia, Kate Marber, toldme, “We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Ourfellow students have just come out of highschool. A lot has changed since we were last inschool.”[J] If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me somethingto share, When Iasked his opinion on this matter, he responded, “I like in-class exams because the time isalready reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.It seems to me t hat a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two inadvance, and then doing the actual test in classthe ticking clock overhead.[K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly didrecently for her finalexam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study,promising that, “It is going to be apiece of cake.” When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a bluebook in sight. Rather, they saw alarge chocolate cake and they each were given a slice.36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in othercourses.38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful tostudents.39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the examsmore difficult thanthey actually are.42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type ofcourse being taught.44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.Section CPassage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person staysin the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasakiand her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of thiseffect.Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with howhumans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a timeso that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look,her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment ofthe university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, theparticipants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second,taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds anddolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to processinformation detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran theexperiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during thenight. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guardin a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirringpeople from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?A) To what extent it can trouble people. C) What circumstances may trigger it.B) What role it has played in evolution. D) In what way it can be beneficial.47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphinsD) She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a newenvironment.B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains.D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.B) She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.D) She compared the responses of different participants.50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.It’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworkedor over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be inlife. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice asmany women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “very tired” or “exhausted”, according to a recent study.This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women havechildren. It's also the age range when many women a re trying to balance careers and home. One reason women m ay feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "no." Women want to be able todo it all volunteer for school parties or cook deliciousmeals-and so their answer to any request is often “Yes, I can.”Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, includingthe desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say"no" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career.At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to beviewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the oneto fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of whatbenefits them most, whereas women m ay approach the same d ispute from the perspectiveof what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-evenif that means doing the boring work themselves.This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who getspromoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able todelegate and manage resources wisely – including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight yourinability to delegate effectively.51. What does the author say is the problem with women?A) They are often unclear about the career goals to reach.B) They are usually more committed at home than on the job.C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.C) They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.D) They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women?A) Their unwillingness to say “no”.B) Their desire to be considered powerful.C) An underestimate of their own ability.D) A lack of courage to face challenges.54. Men and woman d iffer in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______.A) women tend to be easily satisfiedB) men are generally more persuasiveC) men tend to put their personal interests firstD) women are much more ready to compromise55. What is important to a good leader?A) A dominant personality. C) The courage to admit failureB) The ability to delegate. D) A strong sense of responsibility.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passagefrom Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。
2017年12月英语四级真题与答案(卷一)
2017年12月英语四级及答案（卷一）Part I Writing (25 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to besthandle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least120 words but no more than words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather.B) Her little brother. D) Her grandmother.2. A) By taking pictures for passers-by. C) By selling lemonade and pictures.B) By working part time at a hospital. D) By asking for help on social media.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction.B) Generating electric power for passing vehicles.C) Providing clean energy to five million people.D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel.4. A) They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements.B) They can be laid right on top of existing highways.C) They are only about half an inch thick.D) They are made from cheap materials.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for research.B) The hazards from the desert. D) The lack of clues about the species.6. A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks.B) To identify the reasons for the lions’ disappearance.C) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.D) To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”.7. A) Lions walking. C) Some camping facilities.B) Lions’ tracks. D) Traps set by local hunters.Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Her ‘lucky birthday’. C) Her wedding anniversary.B) A call from her dad. D) A special gift from the man.9. A) Gave her a big model plane. C) Took her on a trip overseas.B) Bought her a good necklace. D) Threw her a surprise party.10. A) The gift her husband has bought.B) The trip her husband has planned.C) What has been troubling her husband.D) What her husband and the man are up to.11. A) He will be glad to be a guide for the couple’s holiday trip.B) He will tell the women the secret if her husband agrees.C) He is eager to learn how the couple’s holiday turns out.D) He wants to find out about the couple’s holiday plan.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.B) They see the importance of making compromises.C) They know when to adopt a tough attitude.D) They take the rival’s attitude into account.13. A) They know how to adapt. C) They know when to make compromises.B) They know when to stop. D) They know how to control their emotion.14. A) They are patient. C) They learn quickly.B) They are good at expression. D) They uphold their principles.15. A) Make clear one's intentions. C) Formulate one's strategy.B) Clarify items of negotiation. D) Get to know the other side.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) When America's earliest space program started.B) When the International Space Station was built.C) How many space shuttle missions there will be.D) How space research benefits people on Earth.17. A) They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles.B) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.C) They tried to meet astronauts' specific requirements.D) They tried to make best use of the latest technology.18. A) They are extremely accurate. C) They were first made in space.B) They are expensive to make. D) They were invented in the 1970s. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It was when her ancestors came to America.B) People had plenty of land to cultivate then.C) It marked the beginning of something new.D) Everything was natural and genuine then.20. A) They believed in working for goals. C) They had all kinds of entertainment.B) They enjoyed living a living a life of ease. D) They were known to be creative.21. A) Chatting with her ancestors. C) Polishing all the silver work.B) Furnishing her country house. D) Doing needlework by the fire. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Use a map to identify your location. C) Sit down and try to calm yourself.B) Call your family or friends for help. D) Try to follow your footprints back.23. A) You may find a way out without your knowing it.B) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.C) You may get drowned in a sudden flood.D) You may end up entering a wonderland.24. A) Look for food. C) Start a fire.B) Wait patiently. D) Walk uphill.25. A) Inform somebody of your plan. C) Check the local weather.B) Prepare enough food and drink. D) Find a map and a compass.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some 26 skills that could help the treatment of human diseases.Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban 27 , but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having a brain no bigger than the 28 of your index finger, pigeons have a very impressive 29__ memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images.Rats are often 30 with spreading disease rather than 31 it, but this long-tailed animal is highly 32 . Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors (嗅觉感受器), whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect __33 smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB(肺结核). When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to 34 a sample is infected.Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35 , but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection methoddoesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate — the rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than search for answers.[A] I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago.I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question.[B] Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kind are the most taxing and ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.[C] As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. “That way they socialize over history outside the class, whichwouldn’t happen without the pressure of an in-class exam,” he explained, “Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.”[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled “Introduction To Congress.”Some colleges have what they call an “honor code,” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.[E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain from take-hone exams. “Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me. “Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and retention.”[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches “History of Broadcast Journalism” at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. “In my field, it’s not what you know—it’s what you know how to find out,” says Koch. “There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them.[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. “I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,” says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, “I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you getto forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. “If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be a breeze.”[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personaltest-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. And then there are we rare folks who fit both those descriptions.[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of my inability toaccess the information as quickly. As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, toldme, “We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Ourfellow students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last inschool.”[J] If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share, When Iasked his opinion on this matter, he responded, “I like in-class exams because the time isalready reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two inadvance, and then doing the actual test in class the ticking clock overhead.[K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her finalexam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, “It is going to be apiece of cake.” When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a bluebook in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were given a slice.36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in other courses.38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult thanthey actually are.42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type ofcourse being taught.44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, theparticipants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?A) To what extent it can trouble people. C) What circumstances may trigger it.B) What role it has played in evolution. D) In what way it can be beneficial.47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphinsD) She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains.D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.B) She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.D) She compared the responses of different participants.50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.It’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “very tired” or “exhausted”, according to a recent study.This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "no." Women want to be able todo it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “Yes, I can.”Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career.At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the oneto fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-evenif that means doing the boring work themselves.This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely – including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.51. What does the author say is the problem with women?A) They are often unclear about the career goals to reach.B) They are usually more committed at home than on the job.C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.C) They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.D) They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women?A) Their unwillingness to say “no”.B) Their desire to be considered powerful.C) An underestimate of their own ability.D) A lack of courage to face challenges.54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______.A) women tend to be easily satisfiedB) men are generally more persuasiveC) men tend to put their personal interests firstD) women are much more ready to compromise55. What is important to a good leader?A) A dominant personality. C) The courage to admit failureB) The ability to delegate. D) A strong sense of responsibility.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.华山位于华阴市，据120公里。
2017年12月英语四级第一套听力原文
2017年12月英语四级第一套听力原文全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hello everyone! Today I want to share the original script from the listening section of the first set of the English CET-4 in December 2017. It was super hard, but I will try my best to explain it in my own words.Part 1:In the first part, there was a conversation between two students, Lisa and Peter. They were talking about their weekend plans. Lisa said she was going to the beach with her family, while Peter said he was going to a party with his friends. They also mentioned their homework, with Lisa saying she needed to finish her essay and Peter mentioning his math assignment.Part 2:The second part was a radio program about a new art exhibition in town. The host talked about the different artists featured in the exhibition and the themes of their work. She alsomentioned the opening hours and ticket prices for the exhibition.Part 3:In the third part, there was a dialogue between a student and a librarian. The student was looking for a book on a specific topic, but the librarian couldn't find it in the library catalog. The librarian suggested checking online or asking a professor for help.Part 4:The final part was a lecture about the importance of sleep. The professor talked about the negative effects of not getting enough sleep, such as memory loss and decreased concentration. He also gave tips on how to improve sleep quality, like avoiding caffeine before bed and creating a relaxing bedtime routine.Overall, the listening test was challenging, but I think I did pretty well! It's important to practice listening to English as much as possible to improve our skills. I hope this summary helps you understand the test better. Thanks for listening!篇2Oh my gosh! Today I listened to the listening part of the first set of the English CET-4 exam in December 2017! It was so hard but also so exciting! There were a lot of different situations and conversations in the recording.In the first part, they were talking about some news and information. They were talking super fast, I could hardly catch up with the names and numbers they mentioned! But I tried my best to write down the main points. It was about global warming and some statistics of pollution, I think.The second part was a conversation between two students. They were planning a trip to a mountain for their geography project. They talked about what to bring and how to get there. It was really interesting and I learned a lot of new words like "camping gear" and "trail map".The third part was a lecture about the impact of social media on people's lives. The speaker talked about how social media can affect our relationships and our self-esteem. It was kind of deep and made me think a lot.The last part was a conversation between a student and a professor. They were discussing a research topic. The student was asking for advice on how to start the research and theprofessor was giving some tips. It was really helpful and I learned a lot from it.Overall, I think the listening part of the CET-4 exam was tough but fun. I hope I can do well in the exam and get a good score. Wish me luck!篇3Title: My Adventures with English Listening in the December 2017 CET-4 ExamHey guys! Today I wanna tell you all about my crazy adventures with the English listening test in the December 2017 CET-4 exam. It was super exciting and kinda nerve-wracking, but I had a lot of fun!So, the test started off with a conversation between two people talking about their travel plans. They were going to visit a national park and were trying to figure out what time to meet up.I was like, "Oh no, I hope they don't miss each other!" But luckily, they finally decided on a time and place to meet. Phew!Next up was a lecture about climate change. The professor was talking about how global warming is affecting the environment. It was kinda scary to hear about all the negativeeffects, but it made me realize how important it is to protect our planet.Then we had a dialogue between a student and a professor discussing a research project. The student was confused about some of the data and the professor was trying to help him understand. I was sweating bullets during this part because I couldn't figure out the answer myself, but it was all good in the end.After that, there was a news report about a famous celebrity visiting a children's hospital. The kids were so excited to meet her and she even sang a song for them. It was heartwarming to hear how much joy she brought to those kids.Finally, there was a discussion between two friends planning a surprise birthday party. They were trying to keep it a secret from their friend, but things didn't go as planned and the friend found out. I was laughing so hard at this part because it was so funny to hear their reactions.Overall, the listening test was a rollercoaster of emotions, but I survived it! I learned a lot of new words and phrases and had a great time listening to all the different conversations. Can't wait for the next CET-4 exam adventure!篇4Hey guys, do you remember the English listening test we had in December 2017 for our fourth grade exams? Let me tell you all about it!The first set of the listening test was super fun and interesting. We had to listen to a lady talking about different types of fruits and their prices. It was so cool because we had to remember all the details she mentioned, like how much a banana cost compared to an apple. It was kind of like a game!Next, we listened to a conversation between two students talking about their summer vacation plans. One of them wanted to go to the beach while the other wanted to go camping. It was so exciting to hear about all the fun things they wanted to do, like swimming in the ocean or roasting marshmallows over a campfire. I wish I could go on vacation with them too!Then, we listened to a lecture about the history of photography. We learned all about how cameras were invented and how they have evolved over the years. It was really interesting to hear about the different types of cameras people used in the past, like the old-fashioned ones that used film instead of memory cards.Overall, the listening test was so much fun and I can't wait to see how everyone did on it. I hope we all did well and got good grades! Let's keep practicing our English so we can improve even more next time. Go team!篇5Once upon a time, there was a big listening test called English CET-4. It was all about listening to some English stuff and answering questions about it. Sounds easy, right? But wait 'til you hear what happened on December 2017!So, there were four sections in the test. The first section was about a girl named Amy who lost her wallet. She was so upset! I felt really bad for her, you know? Then there was a section about a French man talking about his experience in China. He said something about Chinese food being too spicy for him. Poor guy!Next, there was a section about a woman talking to a man about a play they saw. They were arguing about whether the acting was good or not. It was so funny to listen to their discussion! And finally, there was a section about some students having a debate in class. They were arguing about whethertechnology was good or bad for education. It was really interesting to hear their different opinions.Overall, the listening test was kind of difficult, but also kind of fun. I hope I did well on it, because I really want to pass CET-4 and move on to the next level. Wish me luck!篇6Yo, what's up guys! Today, I'm gonna tell you all about the first set of listening questions from the December 2017 English Proficiency Test (CET-4). So, let's jump right into it!First off, we had a conversation between two students talking about their summer vacation plans. The girl wanted to go hiking with her friends, while the boy wanted to visit his grandparents. They discussed the pros and cons of each plan and eventually decided to go hiking together. It was a super cute conversation!Next, there was a lecture about the history of jazz music. The speaker talked about how jazz originated in African American communities in the early 20th century and how it has evolved over the years. He also played some examples of different jazz styles, like swing and bebop. It was really cool to learn about the roots of this awesome music genre.After that, there was a news report about a new technology that can convert plastic waste into fuel. The reporter interviewed a scientist who explained how the process works and why it's so important for the environment. It was inspiring to hear about how innovation can help solve our planet's problems.Finally, there was a discussion between two students about whether smartphones are necessary for college students. One student argued that they are essential for communication and research, while the other believed that they can be a distraction. It was a lively debate that made me think about how I use my own phone.Overall, the listening test was interesting and challenging, but I think I did pretty well. I can't wait to see how I did when the results come out. Good luck to everyone who took the test too! Let's keep studying hard and improving our English skills together. Peace out!篇7I'm a little kid in primary school, and I'm gonna share with you the first set of listening materials for the December 2017 English CET-4 exam. It's super long, so get ready for a wild ride!The first question on the test is about a girl named Lily who really loves animals. She wants to become a vet when she grows up. She's busy studying science and taking care of her pets at home. Her dream is to help all the sick animals in the world. How cool is that?Next up, there's a conversation between two friends, Sarah and Tom. They're talking about their plans for the weekend. Sarah wants to go to the movies, but Tom wants to go hiking in the mountains. They finally decide to compromise and do both activities. What a great idea!Then, there's a lecture about climate change. The professor talks about how humans are causing the Earth to get warmer by burning fossil fuels. He explains that we need to use renewable energy sources like wind and solar power to help save the planet. It's a big problem, but we can all do our part to fix it.After that, there's a news report about a famous singer coming to town for a concert. Tickets are selling out fast, so if you want to see her perform, you better hurry up and buy one. It's gonna be a night to remember!Finally, there's a discussion between two students about a book they read in class. They both have different opinions about the story and characters. One thinks it's boring, while the otherthinks it's amazing. It just goes to show that everyone has their own tastes when it comes to books.Phew, that was a lot to take in! But I hope it helps you get a better understanding of what the listening section of the CET-4 exam is like. Good luck to all the students out there studying hard for the test. You can do it!篇8Hey guys, want to hear a funny story from the English listening test in December 2017? Well, here it is!So, in the first set of listening questions, there was a story about a girl named Sarah who wanted to buy a new bike. She was very excited because her birthday was coming up and she had saved up enough money to finally get the bike she wanted. But, when she went to the store to buy it, they didn't have the color she wanted. Poor Sarah was so disappointed!Then, in another question, there was a conversation between two students discussing their favorite subjects. One girl loved math because she was really good at it, while the other boy preferred history because he found it so interesting. They even argued a bit about which subject was harder!The last part of the listening test was a lecture about the importance of recycling. The speaker talked about how we can help protect the environment by recycling our trash and reusing materials. It was really interesting to learn about all the ways we can make a difference!Overall, the listening test was kind of fun and not too difficult. I hope you enjoyed my little summary of it! Keep practicing your listening skills, guys, and you'll do great on your next test!篇9Hi guys! Today I want to share with you the full transcript of the listening section from the first set of the 2017 December English four-level exam. It was super long, like over 2000 words, so get ready to dive in!Part A1. A. Excuse me, I was supposed to give the presentation today, but I'm not quite ready. Could we reschedule it for tomorrow?B. You had ample time to prepare, so I don't see why you can't do it today.C. I understand. We can reschedule the presentation for tomorrow.2. A. John, can you help me move this table over there?B. Sure, let's do it together.C. Sorry, I'm too busy right now.3. A. Did you finish reading the book I lent you?B. No, I haven't had time to read it yet.C. Yes, it was very interesting.4. A. Excuse me, where is the nearest bus stop?B. Just go straight ahead and you'll see it on your right.C. Sorry, I'm not sure.5. A. How was the movie you saw last night?B. It was great. You should definitely watch it.C. I haven't seen it yet.Part B11. A. What club should the man join?B. How many clubs will the man join?C. Why can't the man join any clubs?12. A. What will the woman do after work?B. Why can't the woman go to the gym?C. What equipment does the woman need for her job?13. A. Who will pick up the man at the airport?B. When will the man arrive at the airport?C. Why can't the man take a taxi?14. A. What is expected to happen tomorrow?B. Why can't the man meet with the woman tomorrow?C. When will the man see the woman next?15. A. How will the woman get to the concert?B. Why can't the woman drive the car?C. Who will accompany the woman to the concert?That's just a snippet of the crazy long listening section from the exam. It was so intense! But don't worry, I know you guys are all super smart and can totally ace it. Good luck with your exams, you got this!篇10Oh my gosh, have you heard about the listening test for the English-CET-4 in December 2017? It was like soooo difficult, but also super interesting! Let me try to tell you the whole thing in a way that makes sense to us little kids.So, there were like 5 sections or stories they played for us, and we had to listen really carefully and answer questions about each one. The first story was about a girl who lost her keys at a party and had to find them before her mom got home. It was funny and kind of stressful, but we all had a good laugh imagining her running around like crazy.Then there was a story about a boy and his grandpa who went on a hike and got lost in the woods. It was scary at first, but they found their way back with the help of some friendly animals.I was so relieved when they finally made it back to safety!The third story was about a girl who wanted to adopt a puppy from the shelter, but her parents said no because they already had too many pets. It was heartbreaking to hear her beg and plead with them, but in the end, they compromised and agreed to foster a dog instead. It was so heartwarming!Next, there was a story about a group of friends who went on a road trip and got stranded in the middle of nowhere. They had to use their wits and teamwork to come up with a plan to gethelp and eventually find their way back home. It was like areal-life adventure movie!And finally, there was a story about a girl who started a charity to help homeless people in her community. She worked so hard and inspired others to join her cause, and together they made a big difference in the lives of those in need. It was amazing to hear how one person's kindness could change the world.Overall, the listening test was not easy, but it was so much fun to listen to all these stories and try to answer the questions. I learned a lot and had a great time, even if my brain felt like it was going to explode by the end. I can't wait to see what they come up with for next year's test!。
2017年12月丨四级听力
2017年12月丨四级听力2017年12月丨四级听力听力第一套听力原文：A 9-year-old girl in New Mexico has raised more than $500 for her little brother who needs heart surgery in Houston, Texas this July. Addison Witulski's grandmother Kim Allred, said Addison probably overheard a conversation between family members talking about the funds needed to get her little brother to treatment. "I guess she overheard her grandfather and me talking about how we're worried about how we're going to get to Houston, for my grandson's heart surgery," said Allred. She decided to go outside and have a lemonade stand and make some drawings and pictures and sell them.”That's when Addison and her friends Erika and Emily Borden decided to sell lemonade for 50 cents a cup and sell pictures for 25 cents each.Before Allred knew it, New Mexico State Police Officers were among the many stopping by helping them reach a total of $568. The family turned to social media expressing their gratitude saying, "From the bottom of our hearts, we would like to deeply thank each and every person that stopped by!"1: Who did Addison raise the money for?2: How did Addison raise the money?News Report 2:Last week, France announced that the country will pave 621 miles of road with solar panels over the next five years with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people. Called the Ward Way, the roads will be built through joint efforts with the French road building company Colas and thethe Ward Way?News Report 3Lions have disappeared from much of Africa, but for the past few years scientists have wondered if the big cats were hanging on in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia. Continuous fighting in the region has made surveys difficult. But scientists released a report Monday documenting with hard evidence the discovery of "lost lions." A team with Oxford University’s Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, supported by a charity organization, spent two nights in November camping in a national park in northwest Ethiopia on the Ethiopia-Sudan border. The researchers set out six camera traps, capturing images of lions, and the identified lion tracks. The scientists concluded that lions arealso likely to live in a neighboring national park across the border in Sudan. The International Union for Conservation of Nature had previously considered the area a "possible range" for the species, and local people had reported seeing lions in the area, but no one presented convincing evidence.5: What has made it difficult to survey lions in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia?6: What was the main purpose of the research?7: What did the researchers find in the national park?Conversation OneM: I beg you’re looking forward to the end of this month. Aren’t you?W: Yes, I am. How did you know?M: David told me you had a special birthday coming up.W: Oh, yes. That’s right. This year would be my golden birthday.M: What does that mean? I’ve never heard of a golden birthday.W: I’ve actually just learned of this concept myself. Fortunately, just in time to celebrate. A golden or lucky birthday is when one turns the age of their birth date. So, for example, my sister’s birthday is December 9th and her golden birthday would have been the year she turns 9 years old. Come to think of it , my parents did throw her a surprise party that year.M: Interesting. Too bad I missed mine. My golden birthday would’ve been four years ago. I assumedly got a big plan then.W: Actually yes. My husband is planning a surprise holiday for the two of us next week. I have no idea what he’s gotten in mind, but I’mexcited to find out. Has he mentioned anything to you?M: He might have.W: Anything you’d like to share? I’m dying to know what kind of trip he has planned where we’re going.M: Yeah, nothing at all.W: Not a clue. Hard to imagine, isn’t it! Though I must say, I think it has been even more fun keeping the secret for me the past few weeks.M: I’m sure both of you will have a fantastic time. Happy golden birthday! I can’t wait to hear all about it when you get back.8. What does the woman looking forward to?9. What did the woman’s parents do on her sister’s lucky birthday?10. What is the woman eager to find out about?11. What does the man say at the end of theconversation?Conversation TwoW: Mr. Green, What do you think makes a successful negotiator?M: Well, It does hard to define, but I think successful negotiators have several things in common. They are always polite and rational people, they are firm, but flexible. They can recognize power and know how to use it. They are sensitive to the dynamics in the negotiation, the way it raises and falls, and how may change the direction. They project the image of confidence, and perhaps most importantly, they know when to stop.W: And what about an unsuccessful negotiator?M: Well, this probably all of us when we start out. We are probably immature and over-trusting, too emotional or aggressive. Weare unsure of ourselves and want to be liked by everyone. Good negotiators learn fast, pool negotiators remain like that and go on losing negotiations,W: In your opinion, can the skills of negotiation be taught?M: Well, you can teach someone how to prepare for negotiation. There perhaps six stages in every negotiation, get to know the other side, stay your goals, start the process, clarify there is a disagreement or conflict, reassess your position, making acceptable compromise, and finally reach some agreements and principals. These stages can be studied, and strategies to be used in each can be planned before-hand. But I think the really successful negotiator is probably born with the sixth sense that may respond properly to the situation at hand.W: The artistic sense you just described?M: Yes, that’s right12. What’s the man say about good negotiators?13. What does the man say, maybe the most important thing to a successful negotiator?14. How is a good negotiator different from a poor one?15. What’s the first stage of a negation according to the man?Passage OneSome people wonder why countries spend millions of dollars on space projects. They want to know how space research helps people on earth. Actually, space technology helps people on earth every day. This is called spin-off technology. Spin-off technology is space technology that is now used on earth. In early space programs, such as the Apollo missions ofthe 1960s and 1970s and in the space shuttle missions today, scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon and in space. We now use some of these objects every day. For example, we have quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year. We purify the water we drink with the water filter designed for the astronauts to use in space. The cordless hand held tools we use in our homes, such as vacuum cleaners, flashlights, drills came from the technology of these early space programs. On cold winter days, we can stay warm with battery-operated gloves and socks, especially made coats and jackets. All the clothes are similar to the space suits designs that kept astronauts comfortable in the temperatures of the moon, in our spin offs from space technology. These products are only a few examples of the many ways space technology helps us in our everyday lives. No one knows how new spin off technology from the international space station will help us in thefuture.16. What do some people want to know about space exploration?17. What did scientist do for the space shuttle missions?18. What does the speaker say about the quartz crystal clocks and watches?Passage TwoWell, if I could get back in history and live, I'd like to get back to the 18th century and perhaps in colonial America in Yankee new England where one of my ancestors lived, because it was the beginning of something. By the 18th century, there was a feeling of community that had grown. My ancestor was the preacher traveling around countryside. People lived in smallcommunities. It was fisherman and farmers who provided fresh food that tasted and looked like food. Unlike today’s supermarkets, and there were small towns and New York wasn't that far away. I'm deeply attached to the puritan tradition not in a religious sense. But they believed in working for something, working for goals. And I like that. They worked hard at whatever they did, but they had a sense of achievement. They believed in goodness, in community, and helping one another. I love the colonial fabrics or the silver works, the furnishings, the combination of elegance simplicity. I'd love it. The printing, the books, I’m very attached to all that kind of thing. That may not all be very entertaining in the modern sense of the world, but I would have enjoyed spending my evenings in that environment, discussing new ideas, building a new world, and I can see myself sitting on a small chair by the fire doing needle work.19. Why does the speaker say she would like to go back and live in the 18th century America?20. What does the speaker say about the Puritans?21. What would the speaker like doing if she could go back to the past?Passage threeIf you are lost in the woods, a little knowledge concerned with some people called a hardship into an enjoyable stay away from the troubles of modern society. When you think you're lost,sit down on the log or rock, or lean against the tree, and recite something you are memorized to bring your mind to the point where is under control. Don’t run blindly if you must move, don't follow stream unless you know it, and in that case you're not lost. Streams normally flow through wide land before they reach a lake orriver though there are more eatable plants, there may also be wild animals, poisonous snakes, and other hazards. Many experts feel it is the wisest to walk up hill. At the top of most hills and mountains are trails living back to civilizations. If there are no trails, you're much easier to be seen on top of the hill. And you may even spot the highway or railroad from this point. Nowadays, the first way some of you search for you is by air. In the wide lands or in dense grass, we're very hard to spot. Anytime you are going to the woods, somebody should know where you're going, and when you are expected to return, also when someone comes to looking, you should be able to signal to them.22. What does the speaker advise you to do first if you are lost in the woods?23. What will happen if you follow an unknown stream in the woods?24. What do many experts think is the wisestthing to do if you're lost in the woods?25. What should you do before you go into the woods?参考答案：1. D) Her little brother.2. B) By selling lemonade and pictures.3. B) Providing clean energy to five million people.4. C) They can be laid right on top of existing highways.5. C) Endless fighing in the region.6. D) To find evidence of the lions'disappearance.7. A) Lions'tracks.8. D) Her "lucky brithday".9. A) Threw her a superise party.10. C) The trip her husband has planned.11.B)He is eager to learn how the couple's holiday turns out.12.D)They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.13.A)They know when to stop.14.B)They learn quickly.15.C)Get to konw the other side.16.A)How space research benefits people on Earth17.C)They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.18.B)They are extremely accurate.19.C)It marked the beginning of something new.20.D)They believed in working for goals.21.B)Doing needlework by the fire.22.A)Sit down and try to calm yourself.23.C)You may expose youself to unexpected dangers.24.A)Walk uphill.25.D)Inform somebody of your plan.2听力第二套参考答案：1. D) It has got one of its injured.2. C) Its videos were posted on society media.3. A) The distance travelled.4. B) Gas consumption is soaring.5. B) He helps a stranger to carry groceries to his car.6. C) He raised a large sum of money for him.7. A) He works hard to support his family.8. A) Attend an economics lecture9. C) Attend his brother’s birthday party10. D) Join him in his brother’s birthday celebration11. B) By train12. A) Taking a vacation abroad.13. C) Working part time as a waiter.14. B) Save enough money..15. A) He has rich sailing experience.16. D) She was also a Nobel Prize winner.17. B) She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals.2017年12月全国大学英语四级考试共有两套听力18. A) Both died of blood cancer.19. C) They discovered Iceland in the ninth century.20. D) It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice.21. A) Thee Viking’s ocean explorations.22. C) Dream about the future.23. B) Change what he has for his past imaginary world.24. D) International business.25. B) Be content with what you have.21。
2017年12月英语四级考试真题第一套及答案
2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第一套）Part I Writing （25 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather. B) Her little brother. D) Her grandmother. 2. A) By taking pictures for passers-by. C) By selling lemonade and pictures. B) By working part time at a hospital. D) By asking for help on social media. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction. B) Generating electric power for passing vehicles. C) Providing clean energy to five million people. D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel. 4. A) They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements. B) They can be laid right on top of existing highways. C) They are only about half an inch thick. D) They are made from cheap materials. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for research. B) The hazards from the desert. D) The lack of clues about the species. 6. A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks. B) To identify the reasons for the lions’ disappearance.C) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia. D) To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”.7. A) Lions walking. C) Some camping facilities. B) Lions’ tracks. D) Traps set by local hunters.Section B Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8. A) Her ‘lucky birthday’. C) Her wedding anniversary.B) A call from her dad. D) A special gift from the man. 9. A) Gave her a big model plane. C) Took her on a trip overseas. B) Bought her a good necklace. D) Threw her a surprise party. 10. A) The gift her husband has bought. B) The trip her husband has planned. C) What has been troubling her husband. D) What her husband and the man are up to. 11. A) He will be glad to be a guide for the couple’s holiday trip.B) He will tell the women the secret if her husband agrees. C) He is eager to learn how the couple’s holiday turns out.D) He wants to find out about the couple’s holiday plan.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation. B) They see the importance of making compromises. C) They know when to adopt a tough attitude. D) They take the rival’s attitude into account.13. A) They know how to adapt. C) They know when to make compromises. B) They know when to stop. D) They know how to control their emotion. 14. A) They are patient. C) They learn quickly. B) They are good at expression. D) They uphold their principles. 15. A) Make clear one's intentions. C) Formulate one's strategy. B) Clarify items of negotiation. D) Get to know the other side. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A) When America's earliest space program started. B) When the International Space Station was built. C) How many space shuttle missions there will be. D) How space research benefits people on Earth. 17. A) They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles. B) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space. C) They tried to meet astronauts' specific requirements. D) They tried to make best use of the latest technology. 18. A) They are extremely accurate. C) They were first made in space. B) They are expensive to make. D) They were invented in the 1970s. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. A) It was when her ancestors came to America. B) People had plenty of land to cultivate then. C) It marked the beginning of something new. D) Everything was natural and genuine then. 20. A) They believed in working for goals. C) They had all kinds of entertainment. B) They enjoyed living a living a life of ease. D) They were known to be creative. 21. A) Chatting with her ancestors. C) Polishing all the silver work. B) Furnishing her country house. D) Doing needlework by the fire. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22. A) Use a map to identify your location. C) Sit down and try to calm yourself. B) Call your family or friends for help. D) Try to follow your footprints back. 23. A) You may find a way out without your knowing it. B) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers. C) You may get drowned in a sudden flood. D) You may end up entering a wonderland. 24. A) Look for food. C) Start a fire. B) Wait patiently. D) Walk uphill. 25. A) Inform somebody of your plan. C) Check the local weather. B) Prepare enough food and drink. D) Find a map and a compass. Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes ) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some 26 skills that could help the treatment of human diseases. Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban 27 , but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having a brain no bigger than the 28 of your index finger, pigeons have a very impressive 29__ memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images. Rats are often 30 with spreading disease rather than 31 it, but this long-tailed animal is highly 32 . Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors （嗅觉感受器）, whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect __33 smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB（肺结核）. When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to 34 a sample is infected. Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35 , but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection — the method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives. A) associated I) slight B) examine J) specify C) indicate K) superior D) nuisance L) suspicious E) peak M) tip F) preventing N) treated G) prohibiting O) visual H) sensitive Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder? Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than search for answers. [A] I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question. [B] Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kind are the most taxing and ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly. [C] As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. “That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn’t class exam,” he explained, happen without the pressure of an in-“Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.”[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled nor “Introduction To Congress.” Some colleges have what they call an “ho code,” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going. [E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of fessors to students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s prorefrain from take-hone exams. “Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me. “Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and retention.”[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. V ocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented and lend themselves to ches “History of Broadcast take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaJournalism” at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. “In my field, it’s not what you know—it’s what you know how to f ind out,” says Koch. “There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them. [G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. “I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,” says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. -class ones are Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, “I find the inmore stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at homes true exams. “If you Emory, says she hardly even considers take-understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be a breeze.”[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personal test-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. And then there are we rare folks who fit both those descriptions. [I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly. As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, told me, “We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Our fellow students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last in school.”[J] If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share, When I -class exams asked his opinion on this matter, he responded, “I like inbecause the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded.It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two in advance, and then doing the actual test in class the ticking clock overhead. [K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her final exam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, “It is going to be as in hand, piece of cake.” When the students came in, sharpened pencilthere was not a blue book in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were given a slice. 36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education. 37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in other courses. 38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students. 39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams. 40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home. 41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are. 42. Different students may prefer different types of exams. 43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught. 44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago. 45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time. Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage. That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in -night” effect. unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “firstIf a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect. Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psycho logical Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did. Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found. 46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect? A) To what extent it can trouble people. C) What circumstances may trigger it. B) What role it has played in evolution. D) In what way it can be beneficial. 47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research? A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep. B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way. C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins D) She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment? A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment. B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences. C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains. D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects. 49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment? A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains. B) She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli. D) She compared the responses of different participants. 50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment? A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others. B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat. C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps. D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones. Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. It’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals. Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? 44 reported feeling “very Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-tired” or “exhausted”, according to a recent study.This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "no." Women want to be able todo it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “Yes, I can.”Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career. At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-even if that means doing the boring work themselves. This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have – including staff to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively. 51. What does the author say is the problem with women? A) They are often unclear about the career goals to reach. B) They are usually more committed at home than on the job. C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go. D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability. 52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy? A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home. B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result. C) They do their best to cooperate with their workmates. D) They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities. 53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women? A) Their unwillingness to say “no”.B) Their desire to be considered powerful. C) An underestimate of their own ability. D) A lack of courage to face challenges. 54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______. A) women tend to be easily satisfied B) men are generally more persuasive C) men tend to put their personal interests first D) women are much more ready to compromise 55. What is important to a good leader? A) A dominant personality. C) The courage to admit failure B) The ability to delegate. D) A strong sense of responsibility. Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。