山东科技大学240英语(单考)历年考研试题
山东科技大学学位英语题库
山东科技大学学位英语题库1、We are living in an age（）many things are done by computer. [单选题] *A. thatB. whichC. whyD. when(正确答案)2、Location is the first thing customers consider when_____to buy a house. [单选题] *A.planning(正确答案)B.plannedC.having plannedD.to plan3、The traffic jams often happen in _______ hours. [单选题] *A. lunchB. workC. leisureD. rush(正确答案)4、How _______ Grace grows! She’s almost as tall as her mother now. [单选题] *A. cuteB. strongC. fast(正确答案)D. clever5、Mrs. Black is on her way to England. She will _______ in London on Sunday afternoon. [单选题] *A. reachB. attendC. arrive(正确答案)D. get6、20．Sometimes it often rains ________ in my hometown in summer. [单选题] *A．heavyB．hardlyC．heavily(正确答案)D．strongly7、This kind of banana tastes very _______. [单选题] *A. nice(正确答案)B. wellC. nicelyD. better8、He was proud of what he had done. [单选题] *A. 对…感到自豪(正确答案)B. 对…感到满足C. 对…表示不满D. 对…表示后悔9、_____ rooms are both large and comfortable. [单选题] *A. Jack's and Jane's(正确答案)B. Jack and Jane'sC. Jack's and JaneD.Jack and Jane10、He made ______ for an old person on the bus. [单选题] *A. room(正确答案)B. roomsC. a roomD. some rooms11、Be careful with the knife. You may hurt _______. [单选题] *A. himselfB. ourselvesC. myselfD. yourself(正确答案)12、—Where ______ you ______ for your last winter holiday?—Paris. We had a great time. （）[单选题] *A. did; go(正确答案)B. do; goC. are; goingD. can; go13、When Max rushed to the classroom, his classmates _____ exercises attentively. [单选题] *A. didB. have doneC. were doing(正确答案)D. do14、I should like to rent a house which is modern, comfortable and _____, in a quiet neighborhood. [单选题] *A.in allB. after allC. above all(正确答案)D. over all15、pencil - box is beautiful. But ____ is more beautiful than ____. [单选题] *A. Tom's; my; heB. Tom's; mine; his(正确答案)C. Tom's; mine; himD. Tom's; my; his16、You can't see many _____ in a hospital. [单选题] *A. man nurseB. men nurses(正确答案)C. men nurseD. man nurses17、We can _______ some information about this city on the Internet. [单选题] *A. look up(正确答案)B. look likeC. look afterD. look forward to18、_____ is not known yet. [单选题] *A. Although he is serious about itB. No matter how we will do the taskC. Whether we will go outing or not(正确答案)D. Unless they come to see us19、—What’s the matter with that boy?—______.（）[单选题] *A. He is watching TV in his roomB. He takes his temperatureC. He was playing a toy carD. He hurt his right leg(正确答案)20、13．________ it rains heavily outside, Lily wants to meet her children at once. [单选题]* A．IfB．Although (正确答案)C．WhenD．Because.21、At nine yesterday morning, I ______ an English class while they ______ a PE class.（）[单选题] *A. was having; were having(正确答案)B. had; hadC. was having; hadD. had; were having22、There are still some wild tigers alive. [单选题] *A. 聪明的B. 凶恶的C. 野生的(正确答案)D. 珍贵的23、The reason I didn't attend the lecture was simply _____ I got a bad cold that day. [单选题] *A. becauseB. asC. that(正确答案)D. for24、It seems slow for children to become _____ ,while adults often feel time flies. [单选题] *A. growns-upsB. growns-upC. grown upsD. grown-ups(正确答案)25、The secretary was asked to_____of the waste paper on the desk. [单选题] *A.disappearB.dispose(正确答案)C.declareD.got rid26、39．__________ he was very tired, he didn’t stop working. [单选题] *A．Although (正确答案)B．WhenC．AfterD．Because27、We had a(an)_____with him about this problem last night. [单选题] *A.explanationB.impressionC.exhibitionD.discussion(正确答案)28、His sister ______ the chess club.（）[单选题] *A. want to joinB. want joiningC. wants to join(正确答案)D. wants joining29、It was（）of you to get up early to catch the first bus so that you could avoid the traffic jam. [单选题] *A. senselessB. sensible(正确答案)C. sentimentalD. sensitive30、He always found it hard to satisfy himself. [单选题] *A. 控制B. 满足(正确答案)C. 了解D. 批评。
山东科技大学英语综合考研真题2017—2019年
Part I LinguisticsI. Give the definitions of the following terms. (20 scores)1. code-switching2. arbitrariness3. morpheme4. parole5. assimilation6. concord7. register8. inflection9. deep structure10. indirect speech actⅡ. Choose the correct answers. (20 scores)1. The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as_____linguistics.A. appliedB. diachronicC. comparativeD. synchronic2. Which of the following sounds is a low front lax spread vowel?A. [a]B. [æ]C. [i]D. [e]3. Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ________ in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD. M. A. K. Halliday4. The word “globalization” is created by the _____ process.A. inventionB. blendingC. derivationD. compound5. The semantic components of the word “girl” can be expressed as _________.A.＋human,＋male,－adultB.＋human,－male,－adultC.＋human,＋male,＋adultD.＋human,－male,－adult6. In “Please pass me the salt”, the predicate is a ______predicate.A. One-placeB. Two-placeC. Three-placeD. No-place7. Which of the following take the social context into consideration?A. Universal grammar.B. performanceC. functional grammarD. Nativist theory8. What kind of function does the sentence “Nice to meet you” have?A. DirectiveB. PhaticC. InformativeD. Evocative9. In “老师是园丁，桃李满天下”，there are_______conceptual metaphor(s).A. 1B. 2C. noneD.310.--Do you like cheese?-- Of course, and the cat likes carrot.The answer violates the maxim of ______.A. qualityB. quantityC. relevanceD. mannerIII. True or False questions. (10 scores)1. Allophones in complementary distribution are free allophones .2. Every speaker has his own preferred expressions and special ways of expressing hisideas in language. This variety of individual users is called social dialect.3. Animals cannot talk about the things except those about food, danger, enemy, etc.because the communicative signals of animals do not have the property ofdisplacement.4. Connotative meaning of the same word may vary from individual to individual.5. Perlocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention.6. “He broke the window” entails “the window was damaged”.7. Pidgin is a kind of interlanguage.8. “Under the table" is a subordinate endocentric construction.9. The smallest free unit in English is morpheme .10. According to IC analysis, single words and complete sentences are constituents.IV. Answer the following questions. (30 scores)1. Why is there no direct relations between signifier and signified in the semantictriangle? (6 scores)2. Is it justified to say that the meaning of a sentence is composed only of word senseand grammatical sense? (6 scores)3. Explain with examples the different types of antonyms in English. (6 scores)4. Explain the difference between homograph and polysemy with examples. (6 scores)5. Analyze the following sentences with IC analysis (6 scores)The hunters shot the rabbit with guns.The boy might lose his way.The dog went down the stairs and out of the door.V. Discussion. (10 scores)Illustrate the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis with examples.Part Two LiteratureI. Matching (16 scores)Section A Match the authors in Column I with the works in Column II.(8 scores) Column I Column II1. Theodore Dreiser A. The Scarlet Letter2. Eugene O’Neill B. Sister Carrie3. Herman Melville C. Women in Love4. William Faulkner D. Light in August5. Virginia Woolf E. The Hairy Ape6. G. B. Shaw F. Tom Jones7. Joseph Heller G. Moby Dick8. D. H. Laurence H. To the LighthouseI. Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionJ. Catch-22Section B Identify the works from which the quotations are from. (8 scores)Column I Column II9. It is a truth universally acknowledged that A. The Portrait of a Ladya single man in possession of good fortunemust be in want of a wife. B. Hamlet10. A man is not made for defeat. A man can bedestroyed but not defeated. C. A Tale of Two Cities11. Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,and sorry I could not travel both. D. “The Road Not Taken” 12. I was on his grave, my friends, that I resolved,before God, that I would never own another E. “Stopping by Woods on a slave, while it is possible to free him; that Snowy Evening”nobody, through me, should ever run the riskof being parted from home and friends, and F. “Ode to the West Wind”dying on a lonely plantation, as he died.13. If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind. G. “Of Studies”14. Reading maketh a full man; conference a readyman; and writing an exact man. H. Uncle Tom’s Cabin15.To be, or not to be—that is the question.16. It was the best of times, it was the worst I. Pride and Prejudiceof times; it was an age of wisdom, it wasthe age of foolishness; it was the epoch of J. Tom Sawyerbelief, it was the epoch of incredulity. . .II. Explain the following literary terms. (20 scores)17. Expressionism18. The Beat Generation19. The Graveyard School20. Heroic Couplet21. Black HumorIII. Read the quoted passages and answer the questions following them. (24 scores)Passage 1Do you think I will stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton? A machine without feelings? And can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lip, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain and little, I’m soulless and heartless? You think wrong!I have as much soul as you, and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I’m not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionality, nor even of mortal flesh; it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at the God’s feet, equal, as we are!Questions: From which work is the passage selected? And who is the author of this work? What are the names of the hero and heroine? What point of view is adopted in this novel? Please comment on the image of the heroine or the theme of the novel with feminism.Passage 2When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomerby Walt WhitmanWhen I heard the learn’d astronomer,When the proofs, the figures, were ranged in columns before me,When I was shown the charts and diagrams, to add, divide, and measure them,When I sitting heard the astronomer where he lectured with much applause inthe lecture-room,How soon unaccountable I became tired and sick,Till rising and gliding out I wander’d off by myself，In the mystical moist night-air, and from time to time，Look’d up in perfect silence at the stars.Questions: Manifest details of the astronomer’s lecture and the poet’s response to it. How is the poet’s view on stars different from that of the astronomer? Present various meanings they have about universe because of their different perspectives.Part I LinguisticsI.Give the definitions of the following terms(20points)nguage2.Cultural transmission3.Pidgin4.Phoneme5.Agreement6.Consonant7.Deep structurenguage transfer9.Indirect speech acts10.SemanticsII.Choose the correct answer(20points)1.The sense relation between the two words“died”and“killed”is__.A.synonymyB.polysemyC.hyponymyD.co-hyponymy2.The distinction between“langue”and“parole”was introduced by_____.A.BloomfieldB.F.SaussureC.N.ChomskyD.M.A.K.Halliday3.Which of the following is not a correct description of[f]?A.voicelessB.fricativeC.palatalbiodental4.The word“e-mail”is a________in terms of word-formation.poundB.borrowingC.inventionD.blending5.Every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language.This variety of individual users is called______.A.social dialectB.regional dialectC.temporal dialectD.ethnic dialect6.Utterances often influence the feelings or actions of the audience,which Austin calls the performance of a/an_________________.A.locutionary actB.perlocutionary actC.illocutionary actD.performative act7.What kind of function does the sentence“Stand up”have?A.directiveB.phaticrmativeD.evocative8.The underlined part in the word“submit”is a_____________.A.bound rootB.free morphemeC.suffixD.stem9.In“He has become a man”,what is communicated in the second“man”is called___________.A.connotative meaningB.social meaningC.affective meaningD.conceptual meaning10.The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as _____linguistics.A.appliedB.diachronicparativeD.synchronicIII.True or false Questions(10points)1.In English,long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a longvowel such as/i:/,the larynx is in a state of tension.2.The smallest meaningful unit of language is morpheme.3.Metaphor and metonymy are two major ways for semantic broadening.4.There is no such a thing as category of aspect in Chinese.5.British English is standard dialect while American English is one regional dialect.6.“His daughter is a teacher”entails“He has a daughter”.7.“Kicking the ball”is an endocentric construction with“kicking”as its head.8.In English,we have five long vowels.9.Tenor is about the relations between the participants in the communication.10.Age,personality,motivation and attitude are all considered variables influencingSLA.IV.Answer the following questions briefly.(20points)1.Try to explain the semantic triangle.(5points)2.Explain with examples the various types of antonyms in English.(5points)3.Which version of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis do you agree with?Why?(5points)4.Analyze the following sentences with IC analysis.(5scores)The boy might take my advice.(2)The professor taught linguistics at this university.(3)V.Discussion(20points)1.Primates like Chimpanzees have been trained to communicate with human withbody gestures.What do you think are the differences between this kind of“language”and our language.(10)2.Analyze B’s answer in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle.(10)A:Tehran is in Turkey,isn’t it,teacher?B:Yes,dear.And London is in American,I suppose.Part Two LiteratureI.Matching(16points)Section A Match the authors in Column I with the works in Column II.(8points) Column I Column II1.Arthur Miller A.Lord Jim2.Henry James B.The School for Scandal3.James Fennimore Cooper C.Ivanhoe4.Richard Brinsley Sheridan D.Death of a Salesmanwrence E.The Wings of the Dove6.George Eliot F.Vanity Fair7.Joseph Conrad G.The Last of the Mohicans8.Jack London H.The Call of the Wilddy Chatterlay’s LoverJ.The Mill on the FlossSection B Identify the works from which the quotations are from.(8points)Column I Column II9.The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, A.The Pilgrim’s ProgressThe lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea,The plowman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me. B.Moby Dick10.As I walked through the wilderness of thisworld,I lighted on a certain place wherewas a den,and I laid me down in that place C.“A Valediction:to sleep;and,as I slept,I dreamed a dream.Forbidding Mourning”11.If they be two,they are two soAs stiff twin compasses are two;Thy soul,the fixed foot,makes no show D.“Elegy Written in aTo move,but doth,of th’other do.Country Churchyard”12.The artist is the creator of beautiful things.To reveal art and conceal the artist is art’s aim.13.We hold these truths to be self-evident, E.“Stopping by Woods onthat all men are created equal,that a Snowy Evening”they are endowed by their Creator withcertain unalienable Rights,that amongthese are Life,Liberty and the pursuit F.“The Road Not Taken”of Happiness.14.They were careless people,Tom andDaisy---they smashed up things andcreatures and then retreated back G.Uncle Tom’s Cabininto their money or their vast carelessnessor whatever it was that kept them together,and let other people clean up the H.“Declaration ofmess they had made.Independence”15.Whose woods these are I think I know.His house is in the village,though;He will not see me stopping here I.The Picture of Dorian Gray To watch his woods fill up with snow.16.Call me Ishmael.Some years ago--never mind how long precisely--J.The Great Gatsbyhaving little or no money in my purse,and nothing particular to interest me on shore,I thought I would sail about a little and seethe watery part of the world.II.Explain the following literary terms.(20points)17.Blank verse18.Neoclassicism19.The Lost Generation20.Local Colorism21.SoliloquyIII.Read the quoted passages and answer the questions following them.(24points)Passage1Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or nature’s changing course untrimm’d;But thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.Questions:Who is the author of this poem?What are the features of this kind of poem? Analyze its rhyme scheme and comment on its theme.(12points)Passage2It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood,this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families,that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.”Questions:What is the title of the novel?Who is the author?Summarize the story of the novel in brief language and comment the artistic features of this author.(12points)Part A LinguisticsI.Give the definitions of the following terms.(10points)1.Displacementpetence3.Minimal pairs4.Concord5.Diachronic linguisticsII.Choose the correct answers.(20points）1.Which of the following is a study of morphology?A.assimilationB.homonymyC.motivationD.inflection2.Which of the following is an initialism?A.UNESCOB.WI-FIC.APECD.VIP3.The function of the sentence“Nasty weather,isn’t it?”is______A.DirectiveB.PhaticrmativeD.interrogative4.Which of the following expressions is not derived from LOVE IS A WAR?A.情敌B.白头偕老C.赢得芳心D.你伤害了我，却一笑而过5.Which of the following sounds is a voiceless labio-dental fricative?A.[p]B.[k]C.[f]D.[v]6.Which design feature means language is learnt instead of being encoded in ourgenes?A.productionB.interchangeabilityC.cultural transmissionD.arbitrariness7．The difference between“老伙计”and“老朋友”lies in________.A.originB.collocationC.styleD.degree8.A female teacher speaks in different ways to her daughter and to her students.Thiscan be explained by___________.A.code-switchingB.registerC.bilingualismD.motivation9.“壁咚”is created from_________.A.blendingB.acronymC.borrowingD.Invention10.The relationship between the two words“residence”and“apartment”is_____.A.synonymyB.polysemyC.hyponymyD.co-hyponymyIII.True or False(10points)1.The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed assynchronic linguistics.2.Pragmatics is the application of linguistic theories to language teaching and learning.3.The root of unhappiness is happy.4.There are five long vowels in Englsh.5.“上级”and“下级”are complementary antonymy.6.The smallest unit in English is morpheme.7.Adjectives and complete sentences are all constituents.8.“I chased the dog”and“I am chasing the dog”are derived form the same deepstructure.9.“He is dead”presupposes“He was murdered”.10.Derivational morphemes are all bound morphemes.IV.Answer the following questions.(40points)1.Explain with examples the classification of antonyms in English.2.What is the problem with the referential theory?.3.Analyze the implicature in the following dialogue in terms of Grice’s CooperativePrinciple.Father:What are you eating?Mother(with the3-year-old daughter around):An I-C-E-C-R-E-A-M.4.What is the relationship between language and culture?5.Explain the ambiguity of the following sentence with IC analysis.The Seniors were told to stop demonstrating on campus.V.Discussion(10points)Is sign language(手语)a language?Part B LiteratureI.Matching(16points)Section A Match the authors in Column I with the works in Column II.(8points) Column I Column II1.Daniel Defoe A.Middlemarch:A Study of Provincial Life2.Oliver Goldsmith B.A Passage to India3.Oscar Wilde C.Invisible Man4.E.M.Forster D.Moll Flanders5.Henry James E.Emma6.Joseph Rudyard Kipling F.The Importance of Being Earnest7.Ralph Ellison G.Jude the Obscure8.Thomas Hardy H.The Golden BowlI.The Vicar of WakefieldJ.The Jungle BookSection B Identify the works from which the quotations are from.(8points)Column I Column II9.Can storied urn or animated bustBack to its mansion call the fleeting breath? A.The Great Gatsby Can Honour’s voice provoke the silent dustOr Flattert soothe the dull cold ear of Death?10.It beareth the name of Vanity Fair because the B.“My Last Duchess”town where it is kept is lighter than vanity;and also because all that there is sold,or thatcometh thither,is vanity.As is the saying of C.“Elegy Written in a the wise,“All that cometh is vanity.”Country Churchyard”11.My first quarter at Lowood seemed an age;andnot the golden age either;it composed an irksomestruggle with difficulties in habituating myself tonew rules and unwonted tasks. D.Jane Eyre12.I shall ever bear about me a memory of the manysolemn hours I thus spent alone with the master ofthe House of Usher.Yet I should fail in any attemptto convey an idea of the exact character of the E.Great Expectations studies or of the occupations,in which he involved meor led me the way.13.But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential.I found myself on Gatsby’s side,and alone.From F.Mrs Warren’s Professionthe moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe toWest Egg village,every surmise about him,and everypractical question,was referred to me.14.Oh sir,she smiled,no doubt,Whene’er I passed her;but who passed without G.“The Fall of the Much the same smile?This grew;I gave commands;House of Usher”Then all smiles stopped together.15.Most mighty Emperor of Liliput,delight and terror H.Robinson Crusoeof the universe,whose dominions extend fivethousand blustrugs(about twelve miles in circumference)to the extremities of the globe;Monarch of all Monarchs;taller than the sons of men;whose feet press down tothe center,and whose head strikes against the sun;at I.The Pilgrim’s Progress whose nod the princes of the earth shake their knees;pleasant as spring,comfortable as summer,fruitful asautumn,dreadful as winter.16.Then where are our relatives?My father?Our family friends?You claim the rights of a mother;the right to call me fooland child;to speak to me as no woman in authority over J.Gulliver’s Travels me at college dare speak to me;to dictate my way of life;and to force on me the acquaintance of a brute whom anyonecan see to be the most vicious sort of London man about town.II.Explain the following literary terms.(20points)17.Puritanism18.Theatre of the Absurd19.Metaphysical Conceit20.Romanticism21.Local ColorismIII.Read the quoted passages and answer the questions following them.(24points)Passage1Some say the world will end in fireSome say in ice.From what I’ve tasted of desire,I hold with those who favor fire,But if it had to be perish twice,I think I know enough of hateTo say that for destruction iceIs also great,And would suffice.22.Questions:What type of poem does this poem belong to?What is the symbolic meaning of the fire and ice?What is the possible way to solve the problem?Passage2I shall now therefore humbly propose my own thoughts,which I hope will not be liable to the least objection.I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious,nourishing,and wholesome food,whether stewed,roasted,baked,or boiled;and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee or a ragout.I do therefore humbly offer it to public consideration that of the hundred and twenty thousand children,already computed,twenty thousand may be reserved for breed,whereof only one fourth part to be males,which is more than we allow to sheep, black cattle,or swine;and my reason is that these children are seldom the fruits of marriage,a circumstance not much regarded by our savages,therefore one male will be sufficient to serve four females.That the remaining hundred thousand may at a year old be offered in sale to the person of quality and fortune through the kingdom,always advising the mother to let them suck plentifully in the last month,so as to render them plump and fat for a good table.A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends，and when the family dines alone,the fore or hind quarter will make a reasonable dish;and seasoned with a little pepper or salt will be very good boiled on the fourth day,especially in winter.23.Questions:What is the author’s proposal?What do you think is his real idea behind it?What kind of tone is shown in the passage?Explain it with specific quotations from the passage.。
山东科技大学基础英语考研真题2017—2019年
PART I GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (20 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1. The final component in the involvement factor focuses broadly on worker attitudes in _____ to motivation.A. proportionB. relationC. responseD. addition2. Poor health and lack of money may both be _____ to educational progress.A. restraintsB. scarcitiesC. contemptsD. barriers3. By signing the lease you made a (n)_____ to pay $ 400 a month rent.A. responsibilityB. commitmentC. dutyD. action4. They have always been on good _____ with their next-door neighbors.A. friendshipB. relationshipC. termsD. connection5. Many people stood outside the church during the funeral to pay _____ to the late president.A. acknowledgmentB. forbearanceC. revenueD. respect6. The shortage of adult male laborers, who were needed for agriculture, contributed to the _____ of child laborers.A. exploitationB. explorationC. explosionD. exposition7. The students showed _____ when solving the difficult math's problems.A. validityB. purityC. ingenuityD. reliability8. Your kindness in giving _____ to the consideration of the above problem will be highly appreciated.A. advantageB. importanceC. accommodationD. priority9. The _____ at the Campus Motel were not only adequate but also inexpensive.A. registrationsB. accommodationsC. reservationsD. confirmations10. Such fine-tuned strategies can only bear _____ when countries are ready to take the first step by addressing deeply set biases in their societies.A. fruitB. resultC. influenceD. interest11. Enraged by the killing of two comrades in an ambush, Serbian attackers went on a rampage, _____ 12 people they captured.D.shearingshatteringA. slaughteringB. shiveringC.12. The company lost the contract for making the clothes and _____ half its workers.A. laid outB. laid offC. laid downD. laid into13. They should never be allowed to _____ their authority and position.A. abuseB. abaseC. clarifyD. clamp14. Because of lack of proper education, a lot of local people are _____; some of them can’t even write their own names.A. literaryB. literateC. illiterateD. literal15. People who think they’re always being _____ may be suffering from a mental illness.A. extendedB. exploredC. pinchedD. persecuted16. He is not to blame because he was _____ of the new rules which were passed during his absence.A. cautiousB. consciousC. ashamedD. ignorant17. I will join the research group, _____ that my husband joins it too.A. providingB. providesC. being providedD. to provide18. _____ conventional black ink costs newspapers about thirty cents a pound, most rub resistant inks add at least ten cents more per pound to the bill.WhileA. MeanwhileB. MoreoverC.Furthermore D.19. The physicians must deal with _____ an enormous variety of human ailments that much of the time they can only apply hundreds upon hundreds of rules learned mostly by rote.sincebecause D.A. suchB. althoughC.20. I won’t have a brandy, thank you. It is not that I don’t drink, _____that I don’t drink and drive.A. but alsoB. but ratherC. otherwiseD. but because21. The dispute between the administration and the faculty members was not resolved _____ the faculty members got better working conditions.A. whenB. untilC. asD. because22. The power of the tycoons is rooted in their ownership of the economy, _____ is the norm in most societies.A. asB. forC. sinceD. because23. We went home for a coffee,_____ Tom became violently ill with food poisoning.as C.whereuponyet D.B.A.since24. The view _____ man in any sense rules over nature inevitably presumes that nature is not itself divine.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whether25. The Pope is, in Catholic belief, a direct successor of St. Peter’s, the rock on _____ Jesus Christ built his church.A. whatB. whichC. whoseD. whom26. _____ your request for a refund, we have referred the matter to our manager.A. In regard ofB. In regard forC. With regard forD. With regard to27. The children kept quiet, _____ consideration for their mother who had a stomachache.A. out ofB. forC. ofD. from。
山东科技大学基础英语2004--2019年考研真题
B) fired C) fined D) filled 14. A 15-year-old girl has been arrested __________ accusations of using Instagram to anonymously threaten her high school. A) over B) with C) on D) for 15. That outburst at the meeting was ________ of his bad temper. A) illustrative B) explanatory C) expository D) revealing 16. There is no tangible evidence of dishonesty among the directors of the company. The underlined part means ________. A) tenuous B) authentic C) condescending D) substantial 17. The Civil War provided an impetus to Michigan’s growth. The underlined part means ________. A) an incentive to B) an obstacle to C) a reason for D) a delay in 18. The research requires more money than ________. A) have been put in B) has been put in C) being put in D) to be put in 19. Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very _______. A) intriguing B) indefinite C) obscure D) dubious 20. High grades are supposed to ________ academic ability, but his actual performance did not confirm this. A) certify
山东科技大学考研真题
Part I Reading Comprehension (2*25=50 points)Directions: There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best choice.Passage 1Children learn almost nothing from television, and the more they watch the less they remember. They regard television purely as entertainment, resent programs that demand on them and are surprised that anybody should take the medium seriously. Far from being over-excited by programs, they are mildly bored with the whole thing. These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television. The author——Cardiac Cullingford confirms that the modern child is a dedicated viewer. The study suggests that there is little point in the later hours. More than a third of the children regularly watch their favorite programs after 9 p.m. All 11-year-olds have watched programs after midnight.Apart from the obvious waste of time involved, it seems that all this viewing has little effect. Children don’t pay close attention, says Cullingford, and they can recall few details. They can remember exactly which programs they have seen but they can rarely explain the elements of a particular plot. “Reca ll was in reverse proportion to the amount they had watched”. It is precisely because television, unlike a teacher, demands so little attention and response that children like it, argues Cullingford. Programs seeking to put over serious messages are strongly disliked. So are people who frequently talk on screen. What children like most, and remember best, are the advertisements. They see them as short programs in their own right and particularly enjoy humorous presentation. But again, they react strongly against high-pressure advertisements that attempt openly to influence them.On the other hand, they are not emotionally involved in the programs. If they admire the stars, it is because the actors lead glamorous lives and earn a lot of money, not because of their fictional skills with fast cars and shooting villains. They are perfectly clear about the functions of advertisements; by the age of 12, only one in 10 children believes what even favorite ads say about the product. And says Cullingford, educational television is probably least successful of all in imparting attitudes or information.1. The study of children and television shows that_______.A. it is useless for television companies to delay adult viewing to the later hours.B. It is a waste of time for children to watch adult programs on TV.C. Children should not watch television programs late into the night.D. Children are supposed to learn a lot from television programs.2. “Recall was in reverse proportion to the amount they had watched” (in Para.2) has almost the same meaning as________.A. “the more they watch the less they remember”. (in Para. 1)B. “Programs seeking to put over serious messages are strongly disliked”. (in Para. 2)C.“They see them as short programs in their own right”. (in Para. 2)D. “educational television is probably least successful of all in imparting attitudes or information”. (in Para. 3)3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the new study of children and television?A. Some children stay up late to watch the programs they likeB. Children enjoy watching challenging programs.C. Children don’t like serious messages and high-pressured ads.D. Though children like watching ads, most of them don't believe what ads say about the product.4. Cullingford concludes that_______.A. children are excited when they watch TV.B. Watching TV has little real effect on children.C. Parents should spend less time watching TV.D. Parents should be worried about the effect of TV on children.5. Whom would the result of the new study upset?A. The advertisers.B. The children viewers.C. The movie stars.D. The educators.Passage 2Mrs. Lester kept on asking her husband to take her to the ballet. Mr. Lester hates the ballet, but when his employers invited him and his wife, he could not get out of it. As they drove to the theatre that evening, the fog got worse and worse. The traffic slowed down to a walking pace and almost stopped. When they eventually got to the theatre, the ballet was over. Mrs. Lester could not work out how it had taken them so long to get there, even taking the fog into account. The theatre was within walking distance of their house. It took her a long time to get over the disappointment.A month later, Mrs. Lester found out what had happened. Mr. Lester told a friend of his that he had taken wrong turning on purpose. This friend told his wife, and the wife immediately went around to tell Mrs. Lester. The two women began to plan revenge. One day, when Mr. Lester was not in, they broke into his study, which he always locked. His hobby was collecting old coins. Mrs. Lester had already worked out how much his collection was worth: $850! They were taking some coins out of the case when they heard a car pull upoutside the house. Mrs. Lester quickly switched the light off, and they waited, holding their breath. The front door opened and Mr. Lester came in. They heard him take his coat off. He walked towards the study door and opened it. There was no chance for the women to get away without being seen. Mr. Lester switched the light on and was astounded to see his wife standing there with a handful of valuable coins. It took both husband and wife a long time to get over this.6. Which of the following is correct?A. Mr. Lester likes to watch ballet.B. Mrs. Lester likes to watch ballet.C. Both of them like to watch balletD. Neither of them likes to watch ballet.7. It was quite ____when they drove to the theatre.A. rainyB. stormyC. cloudyD. foggy8. The theater is _____from Mr. and Mrs. L ester’s.A. an hour-drivingB. in the other side of the cityC. very nearD. half an hour of bicycle riding9. The wife of Mr. Lester’s friend is a_____.A. social workerB. house cleanerC. baby sitterD. gossip10. How many persons are mentioned in this story?A. ThreeB. FourC. FiveD. Six.Passage 3Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women’s education may be unusual terri tory for economists, but enhancing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives, provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else’s family and bear children. Girls are thus se en as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect.An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.11. The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is _______.A. rewardingB. troublesomeC. expensiveD. labor-saving12. By saying “... the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling...” (Para. 2), the author means that __.A. girls will eventually find their goals in life beyond reachB. girls will be increasingly discontented with their life at homeC. girls will be capable of realizing their own dreamsD. girls will turn out to be less valuable than boys13. The author believes that a vicious circle can turn into a virtuous circle when _______.A. women care more about educationB. parents can afford their daughters’ educationC. girls can gain equal access to educationD. a family has fewer but healthier children14. What does the author say about women’s education?A. It has aroused the interest of a growing number of economists.B. It will yield greater returns than other known investments.C. It is now given top priority in many developing countries.D. It deserves greater attention than other social issues.15. The passage mainly discusses _______.A. unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countriesB. the major contributions of educated women to societyC. the economic and social benefits of educating womenD. the potential earning power of well-educated womenPassage 4David Thomson is an electronics technician, trained by the U.S. Navy, who writes instruction books for complicated equipment. He believes that every person is surrounded by a force field that can broadcast emotions to other human beings. The ability to receive such fo rce fields, Thomson believes, explains how one can sense another’s fear, nervousness, aggression, panic, or friendliness.This theory of emotional communication occurred to Thomson when he told a psychiatrist, Dr. Jack Ward, that he was certain his own hypertension made those near him uncomfortable. To demonstrate the theory, Thomson constructed a transmitter capable ofgenerating an electromagnetic field similar to that of a man beset by hyper anxiety. For a year, with this in his pocket, Thomson made people miserable. He would find a hungry man delightedly preparing to eat a steak in a restaurant, turn on the transmitter, and watch as the man became tense and irritable and finally left with his steak uneaten. In another test, Thomson cleared a crowded room in fifteen minutes. Such an exodus could not be due, Thomson observed, to personality problems alone.Dr. Ward, who had become Thomson’s partner, insisted that there was already misery enough in the world. Thomson fashioned a “happiness transmitter,” which can duplicate the force field of a contented man. University psychologists in the United States report some encouraging results in current tests of the Thomson-and-Ward transmitter.The “happiness machine” has many possibilities. Thomson has speculated on its use near disturbed or anxious patients in hospitals, and in unruly crowds. Tranquility, like panic and violence, may be contagious.16. The theory is based on belief in the existence of______.A. complicated equipmentB. individual force fieldsC. nervousnessD. aggression17. The theory occurred to Thomson because he was convinced that people near him .A. could hypnotize himB. could make him feel uncomfortableC. were reading his thoughts D were affected by his hypertension18. For his first demonstrations, Thomson chose people who____.A. were in a happy moodB. seemed hyper anxiousC. were aggressiveD. Both B and C19. The Thomson-and-Ward transmitter was constructed because____.A. university psychologists suggested itB. the “misery machine” had not workedC. Dr. Ward felt there was misery enoughD. Police forces asked for it20. Thomson has speculated on_____.A. some helpful uses of a “happiness machine”B. possi ble wrongful uses of a “happiness machine”C. the disadvantages of a tranquil populationD. the final report on the psychologists’ testsPassage 5Does a bee know what is going on in its mind when it navigates its way to distant food sources and back to the hive, using polarized sunlight and the tiny magnet it carries as a navigational aid? Or is the bee just a machine, unable to do its mathematics and dance its language in any other way? To use Dondald Griffin’s term, does a bee have “awareness”, or to use a phrase I like better, can a bee think and imagine?There is an experiment for this, or at least an observation, made long ago by Karl von Firsch and more recently confirmed by James Gould in Princeton. Biologists who wish to study such things as bee navigation, language, and behavior in general have to train their bees to fly from the hive to one or another special place. To do this, they begin by placing a source of sugar very close to the hive so that the bees (considered by their trainers to be very dumb beasts) can learn what the game is about. Then, at regular interval, the dish or whatever is moved progressively farther and farther from the hive, in increments of about 25 percent at each move. Eventually, the target is being moved 100 feet or more at a jump, very far from the hive. Sooner or later, while this process is going on, the biologist shifting the dish of sugar will find the bees are out there waiting for them, precisely where the next position had been planned. This is an uncomfortable observation to make.21. The best title for the passage is_____A. Teaching the Bees to NavigateB. Testing the Awareness of BeesC. Navigational Techniques of BeesD. Behaviorists Versus Biologists: A Zoological Debate22. The word “awareness” in Paragrap h One appears in quotation marks in order to ____A. show the author’s preference for the termB. indicate that it is being used humorouslyC. acknowledge Donald Griffin’s previous use of the termD. point out that it was used differently earlier in the passage23. In the second paragraph Karl von Frisch is mentionedA. to introduce his observation on bee behaviorB. to contrast his theories with those of James GouldC. acknowledge Donald Griffin’s previous use of the termD. point out that it was used differently earlier in the passage24. According to the author, sugar was used in the study______A. to reward the bees for performing the experiment correctlyB. to train the bees to travel to a particular placeC. to ensure that the bees knew where the hive wasD. to ensure that the bees would obey the orders25. The result of the experiment explained in the passage seems to indicate that______A. research using bees is too dangerous to be conducted successfullyB. bees are unable to navigate beyond 100 feet their hiveC. scientists can teach bees to navigateD. bees are able to perform limited reasoning tasksPart II Vocabulary and Structure (0.5*40=20 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1. If you lie once, people will think of you as a liar and interpret your remarks ______.A. certainlyB. accordinglyC. approximatelyD. appropriately2. The lightning flashed and thunder ______.A. bumpedB. struckC. collidedD. crashed3. Success in money-making is not always a good ______ of real success in life.A. essenceB. qualificationC. decreeD. criterion4. Because a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is a symbol of ______ love.A. extravagantB. prominentC. eternalD. sincere5. This is a complete ______ for enforcing the new welfare regulations.A. legislationB. blueprintC. leaseD. penalty6. The policeman tried to ______ the teenage driver to obey the traffic laws rather than fine him directly.A. induceB. perplexC. indulgeD. lure7. He kept making ______ remarks instead of straight forward yes-or-no replies.A. opaqueB. ambiguousC. doubtfulD. oriental8. The managing director took the _____ for the accident, although it was not really his fault.A. guiltB. claimC. blameD. accusation9. There is something wrong with my TV set, I must have it ______.A. checkingB. checkC. to checkD. checked10. All flights ______ because of the storm, they decided to take the train.A. having cancelledB. were cancelledC. have been cancelledD. having been cancelled11. At last they succeeded ______ the job.A. to persuade him toB. in persuading him to takeC. to persuade him takingD. in persuading him taking12. The electric shaver ______ before it can be used.A. needs repairingB. requires to repairB. should be in repair D. has to be repairable13. You can fly to London this evening ______ you don’t mind changing planes in Paris.A. providedB. exceptC. unlessD. so far as14. The factory ______ next year will be one of the largest in this city.A. to buildB. to be builtC. being builtD. having been built15. Don’t say anything at the meeting unless ______.A. askingB. askedC. being askedD. to be asked16. There are several ______ leaves on the ground.A. fallingB. fallenC. to fallD. fell17. The price was very reasonable; I would gladly have paid ______ he asked.A. three times much asB. three times as many asC. as three times much asD. three times as much as18. We’d better wait ______, Peter and Tom will come very soon.A. a little longerB. more longerC. longD. as longer19. The doctors have tried ______ to save the life of the wounded soldier.A. everything possible humanlyB. humanly everything possibleC. everything humanly possibleD. humanly possible everything20. I was worried very muc h because I’ll miss my flight if the bus arrives ______.A. latelyB. lateC. latterD. more later21. It is ______ that I would like to go to the beach.A. so nice weatherB. such nice weatherC. so nice a weatherD. such a nice weather22. The reason why so many people sit before the television tonight is that there will be a______ show.A. livingB. liveC. aliveD. lived23. I ______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work.A. don’t/hadB. didn’t/haveC. didn’t/hadD. don’t/have24. The students in the classroom ______ not to make so much noise.A. needB. oughtC. mustD. dare25. The differences between ______ are gradually being eliminated.A. the town and the countryB. town and countryC. a town and a countryD. a town and the country26. We have produced ______ this year as we did in 1993.A. as much cotton twiceB. as twice much cottonC. much as twice cottonD. twice as much cotton27. ______ of the buildings were ruined.A. Three fourthB. Three fourC. Three-fourthsD. Three-four28. She went to the countryside ______.A. in the morning at nine / on June first, 1968B. on June first, 1968 / in the morning at nineC. at nine in the morning / on June first, 1968D. on June first, 1968 / at nine in the morning29. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth ______ covered with water.A. areB. isC. wereD. be30. The Olympic Games are held ______.A. every four yearsB. every four yearC. every fourth yearsD. every four-years31. ______, wherever he lives, a man belongs to some society.A. For shortB. In shortC. Of shortD. On short32. Tom has been sad recently, for his plan to go to college _____ at the last moment.A. fell outB. fell behindC. fell inD. fell through33. David likes country life and has decided to ______ farming.A. go in forB. go intoC. go throughD. go after34. Classroom testing, if well done, most certainly ___ a stimulus to study and real learning.A. acts forB. acts onC. acts asD. acts to35. The French pianist who had been praised very highly ____ to be a great disappointment.A. turned upB. turned inC. turned outD. turned down36. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are ______.A. out of workB. out of reachC. out of practiceD. out of stock37. A man who could ______ such treatment was a man of remarkable physical courage andmoral strength.A. bear uponB. insist onC. stand up toD. persist in38. Is his action consistent ______ his principles?A. withB. inC. ofD. by39. A foreign firm has bought more than half of the shares in his company and ______.A. got over itB. overtaken itC. taken it overD. overcome it40. Some animals will modify their behavior to ______ their environment.A. adapt toB. adopt toC. suit toD. conform toPart III Writing (30 points)Directions: For this part, you are to write a composition on the title of Sending Kids to Study Abroad.You should write at least 400 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.1．越来越多的家长把孩子送去国外读书2．这样做的好处和缺点3．我的观点。
山东科技大学英语(单)2005年考研专业课初试真题
科目代码：211 请在答题纸（本）上做题，在此试卷及草稿纸上做题无效！山东科技大学2005年招收硕士学位研究生入学考试英语（单）试卷（共10页）Part I Reading Comprehesion（2×20=40）Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B)C),and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 5 are base on the following passage:Shortly before powerful round the world emitting its historic beepbeep, a news item in Moscow’s newspapers proclaimed the installation of the Soviet capital’s first automatic shoeshine machine. A squirt(喷射) of polish fell on the customer’s shoe and two rough brushes rotated to apply a shine, all for fifty kopecks, or five cents. The automatic device was considered something of a wonder by all who came to see it. Now there are automatic dispensers for single cigarettes and for soda water in the Soviet Union, and the newspaper Soviet Russian promises even greater wonders to come.Invention of such automatic equipment is encouraged in Russia, but the rewards are small. A committee on inventions and discoveries is empowered to issue a certificate of invention that certifies its recipient was the first to invent that item. In addition to the title “inventor,” the Russian receives a sum of money. The amount varies with the importance of his development, and he gets it only if and when a ministry or a regional economic council accepts the device for use in a factory or enterprise. No royalties(专利权税)are paid while invention is in use-only the flat and final sum: thus the return for an invention seldom amounts to more than six thousand rubles, or six hundred dollars. The explanation for this policy is that every citizen has a duty to use his creative talents for the good of the State.1.The automatic shoeshine machine was wondered at because .A. it was a noveltyB. it was a great scientific achievementC. the newspapers carried a story about itD. few Russians could afford to use it2.According to the selection, automatic devices in the Soviet Union are now .A. more commonB. less expensiveC. regarded as unnecessary luxuries第1页D. used to dispense a wide variety of items3.The committee on inventions is responsible for .A. crediting an inventor with his ideaB. determining the usefulness of inventionsC. deciding on the monetary awards for inventorsD. protecting the invention from misuse4.The government of the Soviet Union feels that .A. all creative talents should be used for the stateB. certification is a reward in itselfC. an invention is good only when in useD. all inventions belong to the State5.Implied but not stated:A. The shoeshine machine was wondered at more than the sputnik.B. Soviet Russian predicts that more automatic devices will be produced.C. Soviet inventors deserve more reward than theyD. Such inventions as the shoeshine machine are not looked upon favorably.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we know is that men unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could upon certain signs, called letters, which could upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent these sounds and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters, we call words.The power of words then, lies in then, lies in their associations-the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meanings for us by experience; and the longer we lie, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.Great writers are those who not only have great thought but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style.Above all ,the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly.6.The origin of language is .A. an old story handed down from the pastB. a matter that is hidden or secret第2页C. a question difficult to answerD. a problem not yet solved7.One of the reasons why men invented certain sounds was that .A. they could agree upon certain signsB. they could write them downC. they could communicate with each otherD. they could combine them8.The real power of words consists in their .A. properties。
2007年硕士生入学考试专业课试题下载英语
2007年硕士生入学考试专业课试题下载英语科目代码：211 请在答题纸（本）上做题，在此试卷可草稿纸上做题无效！山东科技大学2007年招收硕士学位研究生入学考试英语（单）试卷Part 1 Reading Comprehension (40%)Questions 1 to 5 are baded on the following passage.The common cold is the world?s most widespread illness, which probably why there are more myths a-bout it than any of the other plagues that flesh is heir to.The most widespread fallacy(谬误)of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passage on from person to person. Y ou catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them permanently. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(战壕),cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds.In the Second War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitxz concntration camp, naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they submit-ted to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bath-ing suits, allowedthemselves to be wet with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others excised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more prevalent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay togeher indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.No one yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors(止痛片)such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.1. According to the passage, there are more myths about the common cold than any other human disease because .(A)it spreads very quickly(B)it is the most widespread illness(C)the climate of the world is getting colder and colder(D)few people can catch colds2. We learn from the passage that .(A) the Eskimos do not suffer from colds at all(B) colds are caused by cod(c) people suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors(D) a person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one3. Artic explorers may catch colds when .(A) they are working in he isolated arctic regions(B) they are writing reports in terribly cold weather(C) they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions(D) they are coming into contact with the outside world4. During the First World War, soldiers who spent long periods in cold and wet trenches .(A) often caught colds(B) never caught colds(C) did not show increased tendency to catch colds(D) seldom caught colds5. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The experiments on the common cold.(B) The myths about the common cold.(C) An explanation of the reason and the way people catch colds.(D) The continued spread of common colds.Questious 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Much attention is presently being given to what is termed “fouctional illteracy”, this should not be con-fused with the problem of illiteracy, that is, the inability to read and write. Current United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) figures indicate that 99 percent of all Americans are literate, the same figure asigned to nations such as Britain, Germany. Functional illiteeacy, by contrast, is concemed with how much difficulty people have in actually using and writing skills in everyday situations. This might be interpreted, for example, as the relative ablity to understand federal income tax forms, or printed instructions, or how well someone can write a letter of complaint, or apply for a joy in writing.There are no agreed-upon definitions of what functional illiteracy is and, in practice, definitions vary wide-ly. For manyyears, reading tests have been used throughout the country which define reading ability by grade level. “Tenth-grade reading level”, for instance, would be the average reading score of all pupils who have completed ten years of school. There are, of course, many different reading tests. One defini-tion of functional illitracy holds that anyone is “illitterate”who reads at less than an eighth-grade level. Another common definition uses a twelfth-grade level(the last year of high school in the U.S.).There seems to be general agreement that at least one-tenth of all Americans are fouctionally illiterate in English to some degiee. It is also hardly surprising that those nations which (like the U.S.).There seems to be general agreement that at least one-tenth of all Americans are fouctionlly illiterate in English to some degree. It is also hardly surprising that those nations which (like the U.S.) have paid mast at-tention to this concept, and which have nation wide tesing, have found the greatest problems. As one educator humorously put it, “Reading tests cause illiteracy”. Canada, for example, which also has a large non-English speaking immigrant popultion, has recently found that manyof her citiziens, too, are functionally illierate. The attention given to this problem, therefore, therefore, reflects the fact that in North America schools as well as pupil sare continually tested.6. According to the passage, “fouctional illiteracy” is .(A) the ability to read and write(B) the inability to read and write(C) the relative ability to read and write in everyday situations(D) the inability to read and write in everyday situations7. What is the definition of fouctional illiteracy?(A) It refers to anyone who reads at less than eighth-grade level(B) It refers to anyone who reads at less than twelfth-grade level(C) It refers to anyone who reads at less than tenth-grde level(D) There is no clear definition8. It can be learned from the passage that .(A) Canada and the U.S. have fouctionally illiterate population because they hardly paid any attention to the problem(B) fouctional illiteracy may have been caused at least in part by unsuccessful design of reading tests(C) non-Enish speaking immigrant population constitute the majority of all the fouctionally illiterate(D) it is impractical to determine what fouctional illiteracy really is as different situations set different re-quirements9. It can be inferred frem the passage that .(A) over one-tenth of Americans population have difficulty in using and writing skills in everyday situations(B) in North America nation-wide tests are given to test pupils? fouctional iteracy(C) Canadians are generally at a higher lever of fouctional literacy than Americans are(D) teaching of English reading and writing has turned out toe a failure in Canada and the U.S10. This passage was written mainly to .(A) analyze different definitions of fouctional illiteracy(B) discuss the reasons for fouctional illiteracy(C) compare different ways to get rid of illiteracy(D) introduce the problem of functional illiteracyQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Some people believe that international sport creates good will between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but I recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic (悲惨的) incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests.One country received its second medals with vilible indignation(愤怒) after the hockey (曲棍球) final. There had been noisy scenes t the end of the hockey match. The losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that that their opponent?s victory was unfair. Their manager wa in a rage when he said, “This wasn?t hockey . Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished. ” The president of the Federtion said later that such behavior could result in the suspension(暂令停止参加) of the team for at least three years.The American basketball team announced that they would yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended I disorder. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player thev thew the ball from one end of the court to the oth-er, and another player player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ener lost an Olympic basketball match. An appepl jurydebated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would atand. The American players then voted not to receive the sil-ver medals.Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes shoould compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.11. According the author, reent Olympic Games have .[A] created goodwill between the nations[B] bted only false national pride[C] barely showed any international friendship[D] led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred12. What did the manager mean by saying, “Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”?[A] His team would no loger take part in international games[B] Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions[C] There should by no more hockey mtches organized by the Federation[D] The Federation should be dissolved13. The basketbal example implied that[A] too much patriotism was displayed in the incident[B] the announcment to prolong the match wa wrwng[C] the appeal jury wa too hesitant in makig the decision[D] the American team was right in rejecting the silver medals14. The author gves the two examples in paragraphs 2 and 3 to show .[A] how false national pride led to undesirable incidents ininternational games[B] that sportsmen have been more obedient than they used to be[C] that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendship[D] that unfair decisions are common in Olmpic Games15. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?[A] The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved[B] Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games[C] sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game[D] International contests are liable for misunderstanding between nations Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passageNow the Bush team is pushing hard an idea which is inherited from the Clinton asininistra-tion and which, in some way, build on the debt-relief initiative. For the very poorest coun-tries, America strongly favors maving from loans to grants, though other industrial-country do-nors are still doubtful of the wissom of this. Giving grants, they argue, will cut future aid flows beaause some of the funding for loans on generous terms comes from money which has been repaid(归还) to donors.America takes the view that, since many developing-country loans will never be repaid, mainly because the recipients (接受者) cannot affford to make large payments to their creditors, it makes more sense to treat them as grants in the first place. The Bush administration has threatened to hold up the fouds used for this sort of aid, International Develop-ment Assistance (IDA), if itcannot persuade everyone else to come on boaed. All members talded about having made progress in this area, but it remains a stumbling block.Work is also under way in the IMF and the G7 to reform the international system. This now has two objectives. One is to make it harder for terrorist organizations to obtain funding by cracking down on money-laundering and increasing financial transparency. The other is to reduce the occurrence and severity of financial crises in emerging-market countries. On this American views seem to have prevailed. The G7 meeting on April 19th and 20 ended with an unexpected decision 'to proceed with an American plan to include collective action clauses in fu-ture loans taken out by emerging-market governments. The idea is that in the event of a delay of payment-such as that by Argentina last December-a government could negotiate with a “super-majority” of its creditors to restructure its debts, rather than, as now, have a small mi-nority of creditors a ble to weaken such attempts.This market-based approach is still controversial, and implementing it could be difficult given the previous reluctance of governments to include such calauses in loan contracts (lest they appear to be signaling a readiness to default(拖欠) even as they borrow). Work on IMF paans for more far-reacjomg reforms of supreme debt, on which the Bush team recently appeared to pour cold water, is to proceed at the same time. The two approaches, said the G7, are “com-plementary”.16. According to the passage, America favors moving from loans to grants on the purpose of .[A] making more meoney for the donors[B] relieving debt of the poorest countries[C] solving the problem of poverty completely[D] collecting more money for future aid to other countries17. It can be seen that the undertaking of moving from loans to grants .[A] makes no progress at all [B] makes progress smoothly[C] still face some difficulties [D] achieve its success in near future18. The purpose of the reform of the international financlal systemincludes .[A] relieving the debt of poor countries[B] establishing a global financial market[C] distributing mony more fairly in the world[D] preventing the possible financial crisis and terrorists to raise money through the system19. It can be inferred from para. 3 that present .[A] a country can never expect to reconstruct its debts[B] a country can reconstreuct its debt with the permission of IMF[C] a country in default canot reconstuct its debts without the permission of all of its creditors[D] a country in defanlt can reconstruct its debts by acquiring the permssion of most of its creditors20. The implementing of the market-based approach may get to be smoother if .[A] American does more to help the poor[B] the Bush team doesn?t pour cold water[C] the emerging-market countries try harder[D] the governments of creditors are always ready to restructure the debts of its debtorsPart ⅡCloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. Y ou should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Small business owners must accept the bur-dens of entrepreneurship(企业家的职责). Being in business for yourself 21 your full atten-tion. Y ou seldom leave the office or shop at 5 PM.22 do you leave job problems there. They follow you home as business homework. This means less time for your 23 life.The 24 you sought can put you on the 25 . Y ou don?t report to a boss. But you do try as had as possible to serve your. customer. They are your “26 ”. Y ou also have to com-pete with creditors, employees, suppliers, and tax collectors. In other words, you are never really 27 .Samll firms can seldom 28 to hire e-nough employees so that each can specialize. Y ou may have to prepare ads, 29 records, make sales calls, and collect bad debts. Y ou must be able to “wear many hats”. 30 all these tasks takes up lots of time. But you cannot 31 long-range planning. Y ou have to 32 goals and develop plans to meet them. Give too 33 time to management and your business will fail.The major cause of business 34 is poor management. Of every three business that start, two fail . nearly half fail in the first five years. A person with limited talents may be a- ble to hold a job in a large firm because others will pick up the slack(松懈，懈怠). When you are in business 35 yourself, there is no one to “carry you”.Even if your firm 36 , you may still have little money to spend .you may work hard for months and not take a penny out, except for the salary you pay yourself. The reason is you may have to 37 your profits in the firm for long-eterm growth.38 you may need to meet short-term 39 for cash. Y ou may not even be able to draw a salary until the firm becomes a truly going 40 .21. [A] conside [B] acquires [C] requires [D] inquires22. [A] Nor [B] Also [C] So [D] Either23. [A] institutional [B] personal [C] intimate [D] secret24. [A] prosperity [B] property [C] fortne [D] independence25. [A] spot [B] button [C] horizon [D] period26. [A] superior [B] manager [C] boss [D] director27. [A] lucky [B] free [C] relaxed [D] happy28. [A] afford [B] resort [C] grant [D] entitle29. [A] mange [B] break [C] keep [D] establish30. [A] Assuming [B] Marnaging [C] Regulating [D] Performing31. [A] deny [B] discard [C] refuse [D] ncglect32. [A] set [B] construct [C] make [D] create33. [A] few [B] reductron [C] failure [D] slight34. [A] depression [B] reductron [C] failure [D] lack35. [A] by [B] for [C] upon [D] from36. [A] booms [B] succeeds [C] fails [D] enlarges37. [A] reinvest [B] resolve [C] reserve [D] reproduce38. [A] But [B] And [C] While [D] Or39. [A] obligations [B] demands [C] requirements [D] necessaries40. [A] accomplishment [B] charity [C] concern [D] estatePart ⅢV ocabulary and Structure (15%)41. my great surprise, Idiscovered that the watch was broken.(A)To (B)For (C)On (D)With42. As far as the structure is concerned, the house isn?t the price they are ask.(A)worthy (B)worthy of (C)worthwhile (D)worth of43. It?ll be sure beat carrying a lot of water of to boil it at the campsite.(A)to have (B)have (C)having (D)had44.We all know that Mr.Wang is training his son .(A)in real earnest (B)on purpose (C)in an easygoing way(D)out of mind45. They visited many places their stay in shanghai.(A)in (B)for (C)during (D)on46. Astronomers believe that here are small, very cold lumps that stay poised in spacethe furthest planet.(A)beyond (B)before (C)behind (D)below47. I have so much work to do that a holiday for me this year is .(A)in question (B)out of question (C)out of the question (D)at random48. Students generally look their teachers.(A)up (B)up to (C)into (D)until49. The teacher won?t dismiss the class it is time.(A)for (B)if (C)so (D)until50. We countless enemy encirclements and blockades until we finally arrived at our destination.(A) broke through (B)broke with (C)broke into (D)broke in51. Sales of home computer have in recent years.(A)taken in (B)taken off (C)taken for (D)taken from52. Y ou may not believe it, but Einstein is said to have noaptitude language learning when he was young.(A)towards (B)of (C)for (D)with53. During the flood of 1927, the Red Cross out of emergency headquarters in Mississippi, set up temporary shelters for the homeless.(A)operates (B)is operating (C)has operated (D)operating54．As a masterpiece, a work of art must transcend the ideals of the period in which it was created.(A)Ranks (B)The ranking (C)To be randed (D)For being randed55.Of all the factors affecting agricultural yields, weather is the one the most.(A)it influences farmers (B)that influences farme rs(C)farmers that it influenes (D)why farmers influence it56. He was left alone, with to take care of him.(A)someone (B)no one (C)not one (D)anyone57. Bruce and John have arrived, but students in the class aren?t here yet.(A)other (B)the other (C)the others (D)others58. As the chairman will be hospitalized for quite a long time, some one should be appointed chairman.(A)alternative (B)temporary (C)substitute (D)secondary59. If, despite all this, we walk with of realizing our long-cherished dream of rebirth and reconstruction, it is because the conditions for doing so now exist.(A)convince (B)conviction (C)conflict (D)confirmation60. Despite all his efforts and merits, Mr.Smith is not a good teacher.(A)much of (B)adequate to (C)qualified (D)somewhat for61. offering good job prospects and easy living, Atlanta is acity where African Americans have had a chance to express their culture and flourish.(A)Beside (B)Besides (C)Except (D)Except for62. Altough the students dislike the material they are studying right now, their instructor has no to change the syllabus.(A)purpose (B)motivation (C)ambition (D)authority63. His efforts to improve the company have been very .(A)effective (B)efficient (C)efficacious (D)effetively64. looked more affluent, the price could have gone up to 400 rupees.(A)If had I (B)Had I (C)I had (D)I had been65. The travels of Marco Polo in the 12th century would not have been so well knownFor the book he wrote while in jail.(A)it not have been (B)is not been (C)had it ont been (D)has not been66. On entering te office, the teacher canght sight of the gift by his students.(A)was sent (B)being sent (C)sent (D)sending67. Our school singing group is going to give performance next month; don?t moss it.(A)an alive (B)a living (C)a live (D)a life68. The television with my concentration when I was writing.(A)distured (B)interfered (C)troubled (D)bothered69. Children?s clothes have to be strong to hard wear.(A)stand in for (B)stand in to (C)stand up for (D)stand up to70. So that nobody wants to swim in it.(A)the river is dirty (B)dirty is the river(C)is the river dirty (D)dirty the river isPart ⅣTranslation (20%)Professor Arthur Shimamura, of the University of California at Berkeley, says there are three main ways in which mental fouction changes.The forst is mental speed, for example how quickly ypu can react to fast moving incidents on the road. Drivers in their late teens react quickly but tend to drive too fast, while the over sixties are more cautious but rect more sloely. The near-inevitable slowing with age also partly explains why soccer players are seen as old in their thirties, while golf professionals are still in their prime at that age. This type of mental slowing results from a reduction in the efficiency with which the brain?s neurons work.The fact that asults find it harder to learn musical instruments than children points to a second type of mental loss with age – a reduction in learning capacity. The parts of the brain known as the temporal lobes control new learning, and are particulrly vulnerable to the effets of aging. This means that, as we get older, we take longer to learn a new language, are slower to master new routines and technologics at work, and we have to rely more on diaries and other mental ads.‘Working memory’is the third brain system which which is vulnerable to the effect of aging. Working memory is the brain?s …blackboard?, where we juggle from moment to moment the things we have to deep in mind when solving problems, planning tasks an generally organizing our day-to-day life. Absent-mindedness occurs at all ages because of imperaections in the working memory system –so, for instance, you may continually lose your glasses, or find yourself walking into a room of ypur house only to find that you cannot remember what you came for.Such absent-mindedness tends to creep up on us as we ageand occurs because our plans ansd intentions, which are chalked up on the ental blackboard, are easily wiped out by stray thoughts and other distractions. Stress and preoccupation can also cause such absent-mindedness, in addition to age-related changes in the brain. The frontal lobes of the brain –located behind the forehead and above the eyes –ate where the working memory system is located . Like the temporal lobes, which handle new learning, the frontal lobes are more vulnerable to the aging process than other parts of the brain.PartⅤWriting (15%)Directions: For this part, you are required to write a short essay Going Out to See the World. Y ou should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 旅行的好处2. 旅行的弊端3. 你的观点Going Out to See the W orld。
2004山东科技大学基础英语
hazards. So it is necessary of personal experience and expert advice to make up for the weakness. Personal experience and expert advice include past performances, professional education and training, and communication with policy makers, facility owners and users. For years, personal experience and expert advice have been widely used in managing risk and have proved to be very useful and practicable. During the process of designing Shanghai Pudong Airport in 1959, a coastologist, after careful investigation and scientific analyses, came up with the suggestion that the airport should be built on the sea beach instead of behind the sea wall. Later this suggestion proved to be practicable and saved 360 million yuan. With the emergence of now computer based tools new methods of managing risk are continuously coming out of universities and research laboratories into general application. To achieve better safety and more benefits at reasonable costs people should also improve their self-qualities continuously to keep up with the technique development. In addition, both the government and the public should not only adopt risk-based approach but also be fully prepared to deal effectively with potentially severe risks. Taking these measures can not only help to identify weakness earlier, but also help to respond more correctly to new hazards or increasing risks. These will mean safety and benefit to be achieved. 1. What is the nature of risk according to the text? A. A danger or something that may have a bad result. B. The degree of safety and risk. C. Hazardous conditions that probably cause loss of property, or even loss of life. D. All of the above. 2. What does risk management deal with? A. It deals with the problem of balancing risk and benefit. B. It uses high tech to minimize risks. C. It aims to allocate resources reasonably so as to reduce risk to the minimum. D. Its main task is to collect adequate data and analyse the data. 3. What are the main sources of information? A. Expert advice. B. Government. C. Personal experience. D. All of the above. 4. To attain safety and obtain more benefits, people should . A. Continuously improve themselves to keep up with the technical development B. Consult experts from time to time. C. Adopt a risk-based approach D. Respond quickly and correctly to hazards and risks. (2) What does the future hold for the problem of housing? A good deal depends, of course, on the meaning of “future”. If one is thinking in terms of science fiction and the space age, it is at least possible 第3页