(完整版)情态动词归纳表.doc

情态动词归纳表情态 V词义&用法注意事项特殊用法

can 1.表具某种能力Can 表在能力； Could 表示去能力 . could 可用 be able to 代替； was/were able

to to 表示成功做了某事

2. 表求和允① 求用 could 气委婉

②允不用could.

3.表“可能性”①can 用于否定和疑句 (could 不

限 )

can (be) 表示有候会（常与

②

sometimes, at times 用）

may 1. 表求和允① 求用 might 气更委婉。

might ②允用may ，表示“可以” （表示

允不用might ）。

2.表可能性“也”此意常用于肯定句。（ might 可能最小）

3 表祝愿固定句型“ May+ 主 +V 原型”：

May you succeed! （ 1 ）表惊异、疑、不相信、不耐

等。（此意常用于否定句、疑句或惊句

气） Can/Could this be true?

（2 ）can not ?too\enough 表示 "无怎 ``````也不分 "," 越``````越好 " ： You can't be too careful.

（1 ）may/might well+V原形：表"完全可能 , ，很可能 "= be very likely to:He may well be proud for his son.

（2 ）may/might as well+V原形：" 最好，可以，倒不如"

You may as well stay here over night.

must 1.表“必”① must 多表主、在 / 将来 ;

have to 多表客、去

② mustn't 表 " 禁止 "；否定用 needn't

/ don't have to

2. 表推：“肯定只用于肯定句。在否定句 / 疑句中用

是、准是”can/could

will 1.表意愿 ,决心等Would 此 will 去式，无意差would

2.表常性，Would 表去反复的作/ 某种向

性，向性，(相于 used to 无“ 已无此” 之

。 )

3.表功能，性叙述真理：The tree will leave without

water for 3 months.

4.表估：“想必，此意表目前事物的料。 That will be

大概”（只区the postman ringing.(would 表示

）去 / 在； will 表示在 / 将来 )

5. 表“ 求 / 要求”此意用于疑句，常与 you 用

（ Will you ？）Will you give me a piece of paper?

shall 1. 表征求意（“好用在第一、三人称 Shall the reporters

（ shan 不好”）wait outside or what?

’ t ） 2. 表允、威、用于第二、第三人称

警告、命令或根据Passengers shall not talk with the

定有做driver while the bus is moving

3. 表章、法令、用于所有人称

言：“必”Every competitor shall wear a

number

should 1. 表示道上的有表示告： You ought to /should

ought to 任，或要求，pay more attention to what your

lawyer says.

2. 表示推和可能肯定的气没有must 用于推

性，是“ (按理 ) This pen ought to /should be yours.

”之意

3. 表示人的一此意常用于第一人称：

种，客气，委You are mistaken , I should say .

婉的气(依我看你是搞了 ) （1 ）表示必然果：

All men must die.人固有一死。

（ 2 ）表示一种与人愿望相反、不耐的感

情色彩，可“ 一定要、偏

偏、非要”：

If you must know, her name is Mary.

（ 1 ）will 表命令（者确定命令一定

会得到行）或允： You will report to me afterwards.( 命令 )They will get

enough money from me.(允)

（ 2 ）可用于祈使句附加疑句 (反疑句 ) ：( 此 would 比 will 委婉 ) Don ’ t go now, will you?

（ 3 ）woul 短：would rather/would

prefer 宁愿； would like/would love 喜 / 想要（注意①）

点 2 其他示例：

He shall have the book when I

finish reading.( 允 )

You shall fail if you don't

work harder. （警告）

You shall come at once.（命令）

（ 1 ）should 用于疑句中表示人某事不

能理解，惋惜，感到意外，

，怒、惊异等感情，意“竟会” ，有也用于述句中

（ 2 ）Should 可以用在 if 引的条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，

但也不是完全没有可能，相当于“万一”的

意思。（注意②）

高考热点透视

热点一：表猜测的情态动词的用法。

对过去事情词形使用场合对现在和未来的推测

的推测must 肯定句must+ 动词原形must have done

may/mig

肯定句、否定句may+ 动词原形may/might have

ht done

can/coul

否定句、疑问句can/could + 动词原形can/could have

d done

用来表示一种估计的情况

should 肯定句、否定句、疑问句

should+ should have done

“按理会 / 估计会”动

词原形

热点二：情态动词 +have done

情态动词 +have done 的用法有两种含义：

1. 对过去情况的猜测。由表猜测的情态动词+have done 构成。上表已经提到。

2.表示与过去事实的主观设想。有轻微的责备、后悔之意。请参看下表：

情态动词 +have

用法例句

done

must have done 对过去进行推测表“想必、、准是一定The light were out. They must have been

做了”asleep.

can have done 否定、疑问句中，表“怀疑和不肯定”He can ’ t have forgotten it.

can ’ t have Can he have gone to his aunt ’ s? done

could have done 表“本来可以做某事的（却没有）否定表You could have done better, but you

“不可能”were too careless.

couldn ’ t have

done Mr wang couldn ’ t have gone to Beijing,

for I saw him just now.

might have done 表“本来应该或You might have given me more help,

though you were busy.

可以 / 能做某事的

（却没有）

should/ought to 用于肯定句中时，You should/ought to have been more

careful.

have done 表示“本该做某事”，而实际上未做；用

You shouldn ’ t have spoken to your 于否定句中时，则表示不该做的事反而做

了。parents in this way.

needn ’ t have 表示做了本来不必The weather turned out fine. You

done needn ’ t have taken your umbrella with 去做的事。

you.

had better have 表示“当时做了某事就好了”，其否定句 You had better have started earlier.

done 表相反的含义。

You had better not have quarrelled with

her.

would rather 表示“当时宁愿I would rather have taken her advice.

have done

做了某事”，其否定句表相反的含义。两I raised objections at the meeting, but

者都表“后悔”之意。now I would rather not have done that.

Would like/love 表示愿意做某事，但未做成。I would love to have gone to the party

to have done last night, but I had to work extra hours

to finish a report.

热点三： shall ，will ，must等

1. Shall①用于第一人称疑问句中表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。

例：— The room is so dirty. _______ we clean it?

— Of course. ( 03 上海春招)

A. Will

B. Shall

C. Would

D. Do

② 用于第二人称陈述句表示说话人或他人的意图、命令、允诺、警告、命令等。

例：“The interest _______ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides, judge. (04重庆，24)

A. may

B. should

C. must

D. shall

2.Will ①表示意愿或意志。例： I

__________ argue with you.

②当主语是物时，则表示“不起作用”。例：The drawer _________ shut.

3.Must 表“必须、一定要”。

例：— Who is the girl standing over there?

— Well, if you _______ know, her name is Mabel. （02 ，天津）

A. may

B. can

C. must

D. shall