上海市青浦区2019年高三第一学期期末(一模)学科质量检测物理试题及答案(word版)
青浦区2018-2019学年等级考第一次模拟考试试卷
物理
考生注意：
1．试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
试卷包括三部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为填空题，第三部分为综合题。
3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写学校、姓名、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二、三部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。
一、单项选择题（共40分，1至8题每小题3分，9至12题每小题4分。
每小题只有一个
正确选项）
1. 对牛顿第一定律的建立作出过重要贡献的科学家是( )
(A) 卡文迪什(B) 法拉第(C) 伽利略(D) 奥斯特
2. 以下核反应方程中属于α衰变的是( )
(A) 4 2He + 9 4 Be→1 0 n + 12 6 C(B) 4 2He + 14 7 N→ 1 1 H + 17 8 O
(C) 234 90 Th→234 91 Pa + 0 -1 e(D) 238 92 U→234 90 Th + 4 2 He
3. 下列物理概念的提出或物理规律的研究中用到了“等效替代”方法的是( )
(A)“平均速度”的概念(B)“质点”的概念
(C)“瞬时速度”的概念(D) 研究加速度与合力、质量的关系
4. 下列物理量单位中属于电量的单位的是( )
(A) 焦耳(J) (B) 毫安时(mAh) (C) 电子伏(eV) (D) 千瓦时(kW·h)
5. 以下物理量数值中的正负号代表大小的是( )
(A) 磁感应强度(B) 速度(C) 功(D) 电势能
6. 如图，在水平方向固定的闭合导体圆环上方，有一条形磁铁(N极朝下，S极朝上)由静止
开始下落，磁铁从圆环中穿过且不与圆环接触，关于圆环中感应电流的方向(从上向下看)，下列说法正确的是( )
(A) 总是顺时针
(B) 总是逆时针
(C) 先顺时针后逆时针
(D) 先逆时针后顺时针
7. 假设地球和火星都绕太阳做匀速圆周运动，已知地球到太阳的距离小于火星到太阳的距
离，那么( )
(A) 地球公转的线速度小于火星公转的线速度
(B) 地球公转的角速度大于火星公转的角速度
(C) 地球公转的加速度小于火星公转的加速度
(D) 地球公转的周期大于火星公转的周期
8. 如图所示，一列简谐横波向右传播，P、Q两质点平衡位置相距0.2 m。
当P运动到平衡位置上方最大位移处时，Q刚好运动到平衡位置
下方最大位移处，则这列波的波长可能是( )
(A) 0.8m (B) 0.6m (C) 0.4m (D) 0.2m
9. 如图所示，细线一端固定，另一端拴一小球静止于A点。
现用一始终与细线垂直的力F
缓慢拉着小球沿圆弧由A点运动到B点，在小球运动的整个过程中，F和细线拉力的变化情况为( )
(A) F先增大后减小
(B) F不断增大
(C) 细线的拉力先增大后减小
(D) 细线的拉力不断增大
10. 如图所示，实线是电场一簇方向未知的电场线，虚线是一个带正电粒子从a点运动到b
点的轨迹，若带电粒子只受电场力作用，粒子从a点运动到b点的过程中（）
(A) 粒子运动的加速度逐渐增大
(B) 粒子所在位置的电势逐渐减小
(C) 粒子的电势能逐渐增加
(D) 粒子运动的速度逐渐增大
11. 某兴趣小组探究用不同方法测定干电池的电动势和内阻，他们提出的实验方案中有如下
四种器材组合。
其中不能得到实验结果的一组器材是( )
(A) 一个安培表、一个伏特表和一个滑动变阻器(B) 一个伏特表和多个定值电阻
(C) 一个安培表和一个电阻箱(D) 两个安培表和一个滑动变阻器
12. 从地面竖直向上抛出一只小球，小球运动一段时间后落回地面。
忽略空气阻力，该过程
中小球的动能E k与时间t的关系图像是( )
二、填空题(每题4分，共20分)
13. 利用如图装置，可以在光屏上观察到明暗相间的条纹，这是光的________现象，当保持
单缝到光屏的距离不变，屏上明暗相间的条纹间距随缝宽的减小而_______ (选填“增大”、“减小”或不变"）。
14. 如图甲所示，是某位同学在利用DIS探究作用力与反作用力的关系，该实验所用的传感
器为________，图乙所示为实验时在计算机显示屏上得到的实验图线，观察图线可以得到关于作用力与反作用力关系的结论是：______________________________________。
15. 一个物体由静止开始做直线运动，其加速度随时间变化的图像如图所示，物体________s
时速度为零，在0到6s内的位移为________m。
16. 如图所示，R1=R2=R3=2Ω，电源的电动势为6V，内电阻r=1Ω；当开关S1和S2都闭合
时，电压表读数为_____V; 当开关S1闭合、S2断开时，R1的电功率为_____W。
17. 如图所示，一端封闭、粗细均匀的薄壁玻璃管开口端竖直插入水银槽中(水银槽
截面积远大于玻璃管截面积)，开始时管内封闭空气的长度为20cm，玻璃管内
外水银面的高度差为60cm，大气压强为75cmHg，将玻璃管沿竖直方向缓慢下
移，使管内外水银面的高度差变为50cm，此时管内空气柱的长度_____cm, 玻
璃管竖直向下移动的距离为_____cm。
三、综合题(第18题10分，第19题14分，第20题16分，共40分)
注意：第19、20题在列式计算、逻辑推理以及回答问题过程中，要求给出必要的图示、文字说明、公式、演算等。
18. 某同学在做“用单摆测当地重力加速度”的实验时，
(1) 摆线偏高竖直方向的角度要控制在_____度之内；实验中他测得摆线的长度为l0，摆球的直径为d，然后记录了单摆完成n次全振动所用时间为t，则重力加速度的表达式
g =_____ (用题中物理量的字母表示)
(2) (单选题)他在实验中通过改变摆长l并测出相应的周期T，再以T2为纵坐标、l为横坐标，作出T2-l图像，但在测量摆长l时没有加小球的半径，由此绘制的图线是图中的( )
(3) (单选题) 如果实验测得g值偏大，可能的原因是( )
(A) 开始计时时，早按秒表
(B) 测摆线长度时摆线拉得过紧
(C) 摆线上端悬点未固定，振动中出现松动使摆线长度增大了
(D) 实验中误将n次全振动计为n-1次全振动
19. 如图所示，两根足够长的光滑的平行金属导轨MN 、PQ固定在同一绝缘水平面上，两
导轨间距为d=0.2 m，导轨电阻忽略不计，M、P端连接一阻值R=1.5Ω的电阻。
有一质
量m=0.08 kg、阻值r =0.5Ω的金属棒ab垂直于导轨放在两导轨上，棒与导轨接触良好。
整个装置处于一竖直向下，磁感应强度大小为B=0.5T匀强磁场中(磁场足够大)，t=0秒时，给棒向右的初速度v0=10m/s，：
(1) 画出回路中的等效电路图，并求出棒在t=0秒时回路中的电流大小；
(2) 分析并说明棒向右过程中的运动情况；
(3) 若在t =0秒时给棒施加一水平向右的拉力F=0.05N，求10秒内回路中产生的焦耳热。
20. 一质量为m的烟花弹获得动能E后，从地面竖直升空，当烟花弹上升的速度为零时，
弹中火药爆炸将烟花弹炸为质量相等(烟花爆炸损失的质量忽略不计)、速度大小相等的两部分，一部分竖直向上运动，另一部分竖直向下运动，且两部分获得的动能之和也为E。
爆炸时间极短，重力加速度大小为g，若烟花弹上升或下降过程中空气阻力恒定f=mg/2，求：
(1) 烟花弹从地面开始上升的初速度v0；
(2) 烟花弹从地面开始上升到弹中火药爆炸所经历的时间t；
(3) 爆炸后烟花弹向上运动的部分距地面的最大高度；
(4) 爆炸后烟花弹向下运动的部分落回地面的速度大小。
2019年1月上海市浦东新区高三物理一模试卷及参考答案
浦东新区2019学年度第一学期期末质量测试高三物理试卷说明：1．本试卷考试时间120分钟，满分150分，共33题。
第30、31、32、33题要求写出解答过程，只有答案不得分。
2．选择题答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用2B 铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号与答题卡上的编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
写在试卷上的答案一律不给分。
一、单项选择题.（共16分，每小題2分，每小题只有一个正确选项，答案涂写在答题卡上。
） 1．比值法定义物理量是物理学中一种常用的方法，下列物理量中属于用比值法定义的是 A ．22at s =B ．ωπ2=T C ．I R rε=+ D ．qF E =2．下列物理量中属于矢量的是 A ．重力势能 B ．电流强度C ．功D ．磁感强度 3．对牛顿第一定律的建立作出过重要贡献的科学家是 A ．卡文迪什 B ．惠更斯 C ．伽利略D ．奥斯特4．如图为监控汽车安全带使用情况的报警电路，S 为汽车启动开关，汽车启动时S 闭合。
R T 为安全带使用情况检测传感器，驾驶员末系安全带时其阻值较小，系好安全带后R T 阻值变大，且远大于R 1。
要求当驾驶员启动汽车但未系安全带时蜂鸣器报警。
则在图中虚线框内应接入的元件是 A ．“非”门 B ．“或”门 C ．“与”门 D ．“与非”门5．如图所示为弹簧振子的振动图像，根据此振动图像不能．．确定的物理量是 A ．周期 B ．振幅C ．频率D ．最大回复力 6．关于静电现象，下列说法正确的是A ．摩擦起电现象说明通过做功可以创造出电荷B ．摩擦起电实质上是电荷从一个物体转移到另一个物体的过程C ．验电器可以测量物体带电量的多少D ．日常生活中见到的所有静电现象都是有危害的7．在空间某一点以大小相等的速度分别竖直上抛、竖直下抛、水平抛出质量相等的小球，不计空气阻力，经过相等的时间（小球均未落地） A ．三个小球的速度变化相同B ．做竖直上抛运动的小球速度变化最大C ．做平抛运动的小球速度变化最小D ．做竖直下抛运动的小球速度变化最小蜂鸣器ACv M 8．如图所示，菱形ABCD 的对角线相交于O 点，两个等量异种点电荷分别放在AC 连线上M点与N 点，且OM=ON ，则A ．A 、C 两处电势、场强均相同B ．B 、D 两处电势、场强均相同C ．在MN 连线上O 点的场强最大D ．在BD 连线上O 点的场强最小二、单项选择题．（共24分，每小题3分，每小题只有一个正确选项，答案涂写在答题卡上。
【期末试卷】青浦区2019年高三第一学期期末(一模)学科质量检测物理试题及答案-精品
青浦区2018-2019 学年等级考第一次模拟考试试卷物理考生注意：1．试卷满分100 分，考试时间60 分钟。
2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
试卷包括三部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为填空题，第三部分为综合题。
3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写学校、姓名、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二、三部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。
一、单项选择题（共40 分，1 至8 题每小题 3 分，9 至12 题每小题 4 分。
每小题只有一个正确选项）1. 对牛顿第一定律的建立作出过重要贡献的科学家是( )(A) 卡文迪什(B) 法拉第(C) 伽利略(D) 奥斯特2. 以下核反应方程中属于α衰变的是( )4 9 1 12 4 14 1 17(A) 2 He+ 4 Be →0 n + 6 C (B) 2 He + 7 N → 1 H + 8 O234 234 0 238 234 4(C) 90 Th →91 Pa + -1 e (D) 92 U →90 Th + 2 He3. 下列物理概念的提出或物理规律的研究中用到了“等效替代”方法的是( )(A) “平均速度”的概念(B) “质点”的概念(C) “瞬时速度”的概念(D) 研究加速度与合力、质量的关系4. 下列物理量单位中属于电量的单位的是( )(A) 焦耳(J) (B) 毫安时(mAh) (C) 电子伏(eV) (D) 千瓦时(kW·h)5. 以下物理量数值中的正负号代表大小的是( )(A) 磁感应强度(B) 速度(C) 功(D) 电势能6. 如图，在水平方向固定的闭合导体圆环上方，有一条形磁铁( N 极朝下，S 极朝上) 由静止开始下落，磁铁从圆环中穿过且不与圆环接触，关于圆环中感应电流的方向( 从上向下看) ，下列说法正确的是( )(A) 总是顺时针(B) 总是逆时针(C) 先顺时针后逆时针(D) 先逆时针后顺时针7. 假设地球和火星都绕太阳做匀速圆周运动，已知地球到太阳的距离小于火星到太阳的距离，那么( )(A) 地球公转的线速度小于火星公转的线速度(B) 地球公转的角速度大于火星公转的角速度(C) 地球公转的加速度小于火星公转的加速度(D) 地球公转的周期大于火星公转的周期8. 如图所示，一列简谐横波向右传播，P、Q 两质点平衡位置相距0.2m。
青浦区2019学年第一学期高三年级期终学习质量调研测试物理试卷1
青浦区2019学年第一学期高三年级期终学习质量调研测试物理试卷Q.2019.1考生注意：1 •答卷前，考生务必将学校、班级、姓名、准考证号填写在答题纸上。
2 .本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟，选择题的作答必须用 2B 铅笔涂在答题纸上相应的区域，其余大题用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在答题纸上（ 作图可用铅笔）。
3 •计算题要求写出必要的解题过程，只写出最后答案，不能得分。
本卷涉及计算时g 取10m/s 2.第一卷选择题部分、单项选择（本大题有8小题，每小题给出的四个答案中只有一个是正确的，每小题2分。
1、物理学家的科学发现和研究工作推动了人类历史的进步,2、物理学研究中用到大量的科学方法， 在建立下列概念时均用到 “等效替代”方法的是：（）A .“合力与分力” “质点” “电场强度”B .“质点” “平均速度” “点电荷”C •“点电荷” “总电阻” “电场强度”D •“合力与分力” “平均速度” “总电阻”。
3、如右图所示，两个接触面平滑的铅柱压紧后悬挂起来， 下面的铅柱不脱落,主要原因是：（）A •铅分子做无规则热运动B .铅柱受到大气压力作用C .铅柱间存在万有引力作用D .铅柱间存在分子引力作用4、如下图（a ）所示为某一门电路符号及输入端 A 、B 的电势随时间变化关系的图像，则图（b ）中能正确反映该门电路输出端电势随时间变化关系的图像是：（）U A *U B *A -------------- '.” ，& 一丫D 'I »■IB -------------- I I I其中发现电磁感应现象的科学家是:A •楞次B .安培C .法拉第D .奥斯特铅柱钩码U Y(A ) 0 t 0 t(a )(B )(b )(C ) (D )v-t 图像中能比较正确反映其运动过程的是:9、一带负电荷的质点，在电场力作用下沿曲线 于b 点电场强度E 的方向，下列图示中可能正确的是（虚线是曲线在 b 点的切线）：（）5、如右图所示，马拖着一根树干在水平地面上作加速直线运动, 已知马对树干的拉力为 F i ，树干对马的拉力为 F 2， 则有：（）A . F i F 2B . F i = F 2C . F i F 2D .无法确定如右下图所示，OO 点运动的过程中， A .速度不断增大, B .速度不断减小, C .速度不断增大, D .速度不断减小,点为弹簧振子的平衡位置，小球在 B 、C 间做无摩擦的往复运动。
上海市青浦区高三上册第一学期末学业质量调研测试物理试题有答案【精校】.doc
上海市青浦区高三物理一模测试卷本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
本卷g均取10m/s2。
第Ⅰ卷(共56分)考生注意：1．答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必在试卷和答题卡上用蓝色或黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写学校、班级、姓名、学号，并用2B铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写学号。
2．第Ⅰ卷(1 —20小题)由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用2B铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
一．单项选择题（每小题2分，共16分。
每小题只有一个正确选项）1．在国际单位制中属于选定的物理量和基本单位的是（）（A）力的单位牛顿（B）热力学温度的单位开尔文（C）路程的单位米（D）电压的单位伏特2．下列做法中属于防止静电产生危害的是（）（A）在高大的建筑物顶端装避雷针（B）小汽车上装有一根露在外面的小天线（C）在高大的烟囱中安装静电除尘器（D）汽车制造厂车间里进行静电喷漆3．下列叙述中，符合历史事实的是（）（A）牛顿总结出了万有引力定律并测出了万有引力常量（B）历史上首先正确认识力和运动的关系，推翻“力是维持物体运动的原因”观点的物理学家是亚里士多德（C）安培最早发现了电流周围存在着磁场（D）法拉第发现了电磁感应现象，总结出了电磁感应定律4．在右图所示的逻辑电路中，当A、B端输入的电信号分别为“0”和“0”时，在C、D端输出的电信号分别为（）（A）“1”和“0”（B）“0”和“1”（C）“0”和“0”（D）“1”和“1”D5．下列说法中正确的是（）（A）温度升高物体的动能增大（B）气体的体积增大时，分子势能一定增大（C）分子间的引力和斥力都随分子间距离的增大而减小（D）用阿伏伽德罗常数和某种气体的密度，就一定可以求出该种气体的分子质量6．声波能绕过某一建筑物传播，这是因为（）（A）声波是纵波（B）声波是横波（C）声波的波长较长（D）声波的频率较长7．一列简谐横波沿x轴传播，某时刻的波形如图所示，已知此时质点F的运动方向向y轴负方向，则（）（A）此波向x轴正方向传播（B）质点C将比质点B先回到平衡位置（C）质点C此时向y轴负方向运动（D）质点E的振幅为零8．如图所示，某种自动洗衣机进水时，与洗衣缸相连的细管中会封闭一定质量的空气，通过压力传感器感知管中的空气压力，从而控制进水量。
上海市青浦区2019-2020学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试物理试题及答案
均为理想电表。将滑动变阻器滑片向下滑动，电流表 A 示数变化
量 的 绝 对 值 为 ΔI ， 则 电 压 表 V1 示 数 变 化 量 的 绝 对 值
ΔU1=
，电压表 V2 示数变化量的绝对值 ΔU2=
。
V1
R
AE
r
V2 K 第 17 题图
三、综合题.（第 18 题 10 分，第 19 题 14 分，第 20 题 16 分，共 40 分）
第 9 题图
10.我国自主研制的绞吸挖泥船“天鲲号”达到世界先进水平。天鲲号的泥泵输出功率恒为 1
×104kw，排泥量为 1.4m3/s。排泥管的横截面积为 0.7m2。则泥泵对排泥管内泥浆的推力为
（）
（A）2×107 牛
（B） 5×106 牛
（C）5×109 牛
（D）2×109 牛
11.如图所示，固定着的钢条上端有一小球，在竖直平面内围绕虚线位置发生振动，图中是小 球振动到的最左侧，振动周期为 0.3s。在周期为 0.1s 的频闪光源照射下见 到图像可能是（ ）
M 点的电势能为________J。
15.如图所示，两端开口足够长的 U 形玻璃管内装有水银，右管中有一段 10cm
的空气柱，被 6cm 长的一段水银柱所封闭，大气压强为 75cmHg。今在右管
中再灌入 9cm 水银柱，则此时密闭气体的压强为
cmHg，左管内水银
面上升
cm。
第 15 题图
16.客运电梯简化模型如图（a）所示，在 t=0 时电梯由静止 拉力
2019年青浦区一模物理试题+参考答案+评分标准
第 5 页 共 11 页
注意：第 19、20 题在列式计算、逻辑推理以及回答问题过程中，要求给出必要的图示、 文字说明、公式、演算等。
18．某同学在做“用单摆测当地重力加速度”的实验时， （1）摆线偏离竖直方向的角度要控制在____度之内；实验中他测得摆线的长度为 l0 ，摆球的直 径为 d，然后记录了单摆完成 n 次全振动所用时间为 t,则重力加速度的表达式 g＝________（用 题中物理量的字母表示） （2）他在实验中通过改变摆长 l 并测出相应的周期 T，再以 T2 为纵坐标、l 为横坐标，作出 T2-l 图像，但在测量摆长 l 时没有加小球的半径，由此绘制的图线是图中的（ ） （3）如果实验测得的 g 值偏大，可能的原因是 （ ） 单选
17.如图所示，一端封闭、粗细均匀的薄壁玻璃管开口端竖直插入水银槽中（水 银槽截面积远大于玻璃管截面积），开始时管内封闭空气的长度为 20cm，玻璃 管内外水银面的高度差为 60cm，大气压强为 75cmHg，将玻璃管沿竖直方向 缓慢下移，使管内外水银面的高度差变为 50cm，此时管内空气柱的长度 _____cm，玻璃管竖直向下移动的距离为_____cm。
拉着小球沿圆弧由 A 点运动到 B 点，在小球运动的整个过程中，F 和细线拉力的变化情况为( )
(A) F 先增大后减小
(B) F 不断增大 (C) 细线的拉力先增大后减小 (D) 细线的拉力不断增大
B A
10．如图所示，实线是电场中一簇方向未知的电场线，虚线是一个带正电粒子从 a 点运动到 b 点的轨迹，若带电粒子只受电场力作用，粒子从 a 点运动到 b 点的过程中（ ）
上海市青浦区2019届高三上学期期末学业质量调研测试物理试题(含详细答案)
2019年1月上海市青浦区高三物理一模测试卷本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
本卷g 均取10m/s 2。
第Ⅰ卷(共56分)考生注意：1．答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必在试卷和答题卡上用蓝色或黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写学校、班级、姓名、学号，并用2B 铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写学号。
2．第Ⅰ卷(1 — 20小题)由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用2B 铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
一．单项选择题（每小题2分，共16分。
每小题只有一个正确选项）1．在国际单位制中属于选定的物理量和基本单位的是 （ ） （A ）力的单位牛顿 （B ）热力学温度的单位开尔文 （C ）路程的单位米（D ）电压的单位伏特2．下列做法中属于防止静电产生危害的是（ ） （A ）在高大的建筑物顶端装避雷针 （B ）小汽车上装有一根露在外面的小天线 （C ）在高大的烟囱中安装静电除尘器（D ）汽车制造厂车间里进行静电喷漆3．下列叙述中，符合历史事实的是 （ ） （A ）牛顿总结出了万有引力定律并测出了万有引力常量（B ）历史上首先正确认识力和运动的关系，推翻“力是维持物体运动的原因”观点的物理学家是亚里士多德（C ）安培最早发现了电流周围存在着磁场（D ）法拉第发现了电磁感应现象，总结出了电磁感应定律4．在右图所示的逻辑电路中，当A 、B 端输入的电信号分别为“0”和“0”时，在C 、D 端输出的电信号分别为（ ） （A ）“1”和“0” （B ）“0”和“1” （C ）“0”和“0” （D ）“1”和“1”5．下列说法中正确的是 （ ） （A ）温度升高物体的动能增大（B ）气体的体积增大时，分子势能一定增大（C ）分子间的引力和斥力都随分子间距离的增大而减小（D ）用阿伏伽德罗常数和某种气体的密度，就一定可以求出该种气体的分子质量 6．声波能绕过某一建筑物传播，这是因为 （ ）（A ）声波是纵波 （B ）声波是横波 （C ）声波的波长较长 （D ）声波的频率较长D（A ）（B ）（C ）（D ）（b ）（a ） 7．一列简谐横波沿x 轴传播，某时刻的波形如图所示，已知此时质点F 的运动方向向y 轴负方向，则 （ ） （A ）此波向x 轴正方向传播 （B ）质点C 将比质点B 先回到平衡位置 （C ）质点C 此时向y 轴负方向运动 （D ）质点E 的振幅为零8．如图所示，某种自动洗衣机进水时，与洗衣缸相连的细管中会封闭一定质量的空气，通过压力传感器感知管中的空气压力，从而控制进水量。
青浦区2019一高三一模卷(含答案)
青浦区2019学年第一学期高三年级期终学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷（时间120分钟，满分140分）Q2019.12考生注意：1．本试卷共13页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
2．答题前，考生务必在答题卡（纸）上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3．答案必须全部涂写在答题卡（纸）上。
如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 10. B. 20. C. 30. D. 40.2. A. A teacher. B. A coach. C. A judge. D. A doctor.3. A. In the school clinic. B. In the bookstore.C. In the teacher’s office.D. In the theatre.4. A. The man didn’t even know Jenny. B. Jenny changed the color of her hair.C. The woman dialed Jenny last week.D. The man didn’t notice Jenny’s hair.5. A. He kept awake last night, feeling hot.B. He stayed up late last night, working hard.C. He didn’t have an air conditioner in his room.D. He didn’t go to work last night because he was tired.6. A. Checking in. B. Giving suggestions.C. Making complaints.D. Looking for the toilet.7. A. Reasonable. B. Practical. C. Serious. D. Ridiculous.8. A. He was attracted. B. He was puzzled.C. He was bored.D. He was unconscious.9. A. The man is already fed up with playing the piano.B. The piece of music the man played is very popular.C. The woman came to the concert at the man’s request.D. The man’s unique talents are the envy of many people.10. A. Whether the houses are for sale.B. Whether the article is worth reading.C. Whether the house developers are negative.D. Whether paying a visit to the house is helpful.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Sunlight exposure. B. Stress level.C. Health risks.D. Lifestyle.12. A. Because fatty fish contain Vitamin A & D.B. Because eyes have special needs for nutrition.C. Because eye maintenance mainly relies on foods.D. Because leafy green vegetables are rich in nutrition.13. A. By using computers with 24-inch screens. B. By glaring at the screen.C. By reducing exposure to blue light.D. By rubbing the eye every two hours. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Contented and relieved. B. Anxious and depressed.C. Proud but a bit nervous.D. Excited but a bit sad.15. A. Choose the right school for them. B. Help them to learn by themselves.C. Read books and magazines to them.D. Set an example for them to follow.16. A. Their intelligence. B. The quality of their school.C. Their family life.D. The effort put in learning.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Mother and son. B. Tour guide and visitor.C. Husband and wife.D. Shop assistant and customer.18. A. It will not be fun with Mr. Whitehead hosting.B. It is a comedy show she has watched before.C. It has been criticized in the local papers.D. It consists of a lot of different acts.19. A. It has little impact on people’s daily life. B. It sounds quite alarming.C. It is getting more serious these days.D. It seems a depressing topic.20. A. Watch a charity comedy. B. Go and see Carmen.C. Look after the kids.D. Book tickets for City Theatre.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Mako sharks get new protectionsAt the global wildlife trade meeting in Geneva, countries have decided to protect the endangered mako shark from trade. GENEV A made the proposal (21) ______ more protections should be taken for both shortfin and longfin mako sharks and was adopted today after a 102-40 vote at the global wildlifetrade summit. The vote still needs to be finalized at the full meeting at the end, when all appendix (附录) change proposals passed in committee are officially adopted.The proposal, debated at this year’s CITES Conference, lists mako sharks under Appendix II, me aning that they can’t be traded (22) ______ it can be shown that fishing wouldn’t threaten their chances for survival. Conservationists say this was the world’s last chance to prevent mako shark populations from collapsing.(23) ______ (list) mako sharks on CITES Appendix II is great news for shark conservation. More than 50 of the 183 CITES members signed on as supporters of the proposal brought forth by Mexico. Nonetheless, conservationists feared that opposition from a few countries with fairly large mako fishing industries—primarily the United States, Canada, and Japan—(24) ______ tip the scale. Japan opposed the measure during the debates, and the United States announced afterward it (25) ______ (vote) no.In the past, the U.S. and others have supported listing other shark species under CITES, but not so in this case, (26) ______ commercial interests. For a lot of these countries, they were happy to list shark species when it was ones they weren’t so heavily involved in fishing. Suddenly, when they’re be ing asked to be responsible, rather than asking other people to be responsible, they’re (27) ______ (little) keen to take it on board.The International Union for the Conservation of Nature, which determines the conservation status of species claims that both species of mako sharks to be endangered, saying an (28) ______ (estimate) 50 to 79 percent population decline over three generations, or about 75 years. They (29) ______ (target) for their fins (鳍), used in shark fin soup—a dish in Asian countries, that’s often served at weddings as a sign of respect for guests. Their meat is more edible compared to (30) ______ of other sharks, which is often acidic and is usually sold as a byproduct of the fin trade for “pennies on the dollar”.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.I n between all the measures to battle the severe air pollution levels in Delhi, there’s one more option for you —a bar that has “pure air”. Delhi’s first-ever oxygen bar —named “Oxy Pure”—offers 15 minutes of 80-90 percent pure oxygen starting from Rs 299.The bar, __31__ in May, also offers its customers several aromas（香味）to choose from that can be filled with oxygen. The aromas include lemongrass, cherry, mango and more.Customers are given a lightweight tube, used for supplementary oxygen __32__. The device is placed near the customer’s nose through which they are adv ised to breathe in the aroma-filled oxygen.According to the aroma you choose, each session __33__ to improve one’s sleep patterns anddigestion, cure headaches and even claims to work as a remedy for __34__.“I was passing by and saw that they were offeri ng pure oxygen. I thought I would give it a try and went for the lemongrass flavour. It was __35__,” Manjul Mehta, a customer at Oxy Pure told Delhi Daily.Speaking to Delhi Daily, Bonny Irengbam, senior sales assistant at the bar, said customers were __36__ positively after a few sessions.“Some people, who try it for the first time, will feel relaxed and fresh. But only people who undergo the sessions regularly will get real __37__ of the aroma,” he added. “Though we have regular customers, we don’t encou rage back-to-back sessions, as __38__ levels of oxygen in the body can make a person dizzy. It is __39__ to do it once or twice a month or to stick with the 10-15 minute sessions a day,” he said.Dr. Rajesh Chawla, a senior consultant in medicine said that though such sessions do not have any side-effects, it does not help in the long run either. “Even if you breathe in the so-called pure oxygen for two hours in a day, you will go back to breathing the polluted air for the rest of the 22 hours”, he said. He added that the concept is purely a(n) __40__ move.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Stories about the problems of tourism have been numerous in the last few years. Yet it does not have to be a problem. Although tourism inevitably affects the region in which it takes place, the costs to these fragile (脆弱的) environments and their local cultures can be __41__. Indeed, as has happened with some Alpine villages，it can even be a(n) __42__ for refreshing local cultures. And a growing number of adventure tourism __43__ are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local population and environment over the long term.In the Swiss Alps, communities have decided that their future depends on combining tourism more effectively with the local __44__. Local concern about the rising number of second home developments in the Swiss Pays-d’Enhaut resulted in __45__ being imposed on their growth. There has also been a new interest in cheese production in the area, providing the locals with a __46__ source of income that does not depend on outside visitors.Many of the Arctic tourist destinations have been exploited by __47__ companies, who employ temporary workers and send most of the profits back to their home base. But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses themselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits increase __48__. For instance, a native corporation in Alaska, employing local people, is running an air tour from Anchorage to Kotzebue, where tourists eat Arctic food, walk on the lands and watch local musicians and dancers.Native people in the desert regions of the American Southwest have followed __49__ strategies, encouraging tourists to visit their towns and reservations to __50__ high-quality handicrafts and artwork. Some have established highly profitable stoneware businesses, while the Navajo and Hopi groups have been similarly __51__ with jewelry.Too many people living in fragile environments have lost control over their economies, their culture and their environment when tourism has spread through their homelands. Merely restricting tourism cannot be the __52__ to the imbalance because people’s desire to see new places will not just disappear. __53__, communities in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in their regions, in order to __54__ their needs and desires with the demands of tourism. A growing number of communities are __55__ that, with firm combined decision-making, this is possible. The critical question now is whether this can become the normal status, rather than the exception.41. A. promoted B. minimized C. inherited D. deleted42. A. vehicle B. responsibility C. example D. entrance43. A. operators B. professors C. mayors D. journalists44. A. committee B. culture C. scenery D. economy45. A. views B. burdens C. limits D. qualifications46. A. costly B. critical C. reliable D. sensible47. A. responsible B. native C. thoughtful D. outside48. A. locally B. extensively C. virtually D. typically49. A. positive B. personalized C. similar D. primary50. A. estimate B. collect C. appreciate D. purchase51. A. relevant B. successful C. combined D. impressed52. A. desire B. solution C. appeal D. priority53. A. Instead B. Moreover C. However D. Besides54. A. balance B. meet C. require D. recognize55. A. complaining B. mentioning C. demonstrating D. protestingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)McCoy was looking for a safe place to do drugs when something clearly out of place caught his eye: a luxurious brown leather handbag.McCoy, 36, could relate all too well. One of his few possessions, the sleeping bag he used in anabandoned house, had recently been stolen. Remembering how angered he’d been by his own loss, he resolved to return the purse to its owner.He began right away, starting with the address on the bill found in the handbag. After traveling much of the day and finally approaching the address on the bill, he was stopped by a woman, who asked whether she could buy the purse. McCoy refused, saying he was searching for its owner. “But I am the owner,” the woman said. “That’s my purse.”A month earlier, Kaitlyn Smith, 29, a sales representative for a medical device company, had woken up to find her apartment broken into and her purse stolen. Now she came across a tall, messy-looking man holding it tightly. She could instantly tell he wasn’t in good shape.At Smith’s urging, McCoy told her his story. He’d been in charge of a landscaping business until 2012, when a car accident left him addicted to drugs.Smith, amazed this stranger had gone to such great lengths to return her bag, asked whether there was anything she could do to help. “I’m a drug addict,” McCoy warned. “I don’t want to intrude on your life; I’m probably gonna let you down.”Unafraid, Smith gave him her phone number, saying, “If you want to go to rehab (戒毒所), call me.” She then drove him back to his neighborhood and left, thinking that would be the end of it. Two days later, she got a call.Smith realized that McCoy was serious about getting better, so she dug into her savings account and bought McCoy a plane ticket to Florida. While there, he would call her to let her know how he was doing. “We were getting to know each other,” Smith says. “His scared, desperate voice turned into a healthy, lively one.” After 28 days at a rehab program at Johns Hopkins H ospital, McCoy is drug-free. He lives at a residential recovery center in Baltimore, and a GoFundMe page set up by Smith has covered his rent, groceries, and incidentals. His life is back on track, all because one crime victim could understand another’s lo ss.56. What drove McCoy to look for the owner of the handbag?A. The urge to find a business partner.B. The resolution to recover his sleeping bag.C. His own unfortunate experience.D. His anger over the poor living condition.57. What was McCoy’s initial reaction towards Smith’s intention to help?A. Enthusiasm.B. Resistance.C. Hostility.D. Gratitude.58. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. McCoy was a victim of an identity theft.B. Smith offered McCoy a ride home at his request.C. McCoy looked unhealthy when he bumped into Smith.D. Smith covered McCoy’s living expense in the recovery centre.59. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Drug-abuse Can Heal.B. Lost and Found.C. Mutual Communication Matters.D. Good Deeds Repaid.(B)Growing Green ThumbsCallie’s Kids by Calloway NurseryDenton, 940/591-8865;Flower Mound, 972/691-2650;Lewisville, 972/315-3133.LEARN: Kids ages 5-12 can explore and plant in the Calloway gardens with a parent/caregiver’s supervision at 9:30 am on the first or third Wednesdays from June to August. A garden expert will share tips and advice for the best gardening practices during the 45-minute session (beginning on June 2). Preregistration online is required.COST: FreeDenton Children’s Community Garden2200 Bowling Green Ave., Denton, 940/349-2883.LEARN: Join the weekend work at the community garden, where caregivers, parents and master gardeners help children of all ages plant new vegetables, water the plants, harvest from the gardens and more. The instructors also lead games about nutrition, good and bad insects and more. 10 am-5 pm on Saturdays.COST: FreeCoppell Community Gardens255 Parkway Blvd., Coppell.LEARN: Kids of all ages (with a parent/caregiver) can volunteer at either the Helping Hands Garden (255 Parkway Blvd.) or Ground Delivery Garden (450 S. Denton Tap Road). Children will have the opportunity to till(耕) the ground, plant vegetables, harvest from the garden and more. Mastergardeners are available on site; all harvested foods are either sold at the community's farmers’ market or donated to the area food bank. Work begins every Saturday at about 9 am.COST: Free60. If a child wants to plant in the Calloway gardens, he / she ______.A. needs to register online before handB. should be present every Wednesday morningC. must be under supervision throughout the yearD. can visit for more information61. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. All the three gardens are based in Denton.B. Experts in Calloway Gardens are tipped for their instructions.C. Kids in Coppell Community Gardens may take harvests home.D. Activities in Denton Children’s Community Gardens are entertaining.62. This piece of writing is most probably issued by ______.A. a food industry in bad need of fundingB. a website promoting gardening facilitiesC. an institution offering learning programsD. an association publicizing botanical gardens(C)Though the spread of good reproduction(复制品) of works of art can be culturally valuable, museums continue to promote the special status of original work and highlight the authenticity (真实) of its exhibits. Unfortunately, this seems to place severe limitations on the kind of experience offered to visitors.One limitation is related to the way the museum presents its exhibits. Art museums are often called “treasure houses”. We are reminded of this even before we view a collection by the presence of security guards who keep us away from the exhibits. In addition, a major collection like that of London’s National Gallery is housed in numerous rooms, where a single piece of work is likely to be worth more than all the average visitor possesses. In a society that judges the personal status of the individual so much by their material worth, it is therefore difficult not to be impressed by one’s own relative “worthlessness” in such an environment.Furthermore, consideration of the “value”of the original work in its treasure house setting impresses upon the viewer that since these works were originally produced, they have been assigned ahuge value in terms of money by some person or institution more powerful than themselves. Evidently, nothing the viewer thinks about the work is going to alter that value, and so today’s viewer is discouraged from trying to extend that spontaneous, immediate, self-reliant kind of interpretation which would originally have met the work.The visitor may then be struck by the strangeness of seeing such a variety of paintings, drawings and sculptures brought together in an environment for which they were not originally created. This “displacement effect”is further heightened by the huge volume of exhibits. In the case of a major collection, there are probably more works on display than we could realistically view in weeks or even months.This is particularly distressing because time seems to be a vital factor in the appreciation of all art forms. A fundamental difference between paintings and other art forms is that there is no prescribed time over which a painting is viewed. Operas, novels and poems are read in a prescribed time sequence, whereas a picture has no clear place at which to start viewing, or at which to finish. Thus art works themselves encourage us to view them superficially, without appreciating the richness of detail and labor that is involved.Consequently, the dominant critical approach becomes that of the art historian, a specialized academic approach devoted to “discovering the meaning” of art within the cultural context of its time. This is in harmony with the museum’s function, since the approach is dedicated to seeking out and conserving “authentic”, “original” readings of the exhibits.63. The writer mentions London’s National Gallery to illustrate ______.A. the undesirable cost to a nation of maintaining a huge collection of artB. the conflict that may arise in society between financial and artistic valuesC. the negative effect a museum can have on visitors’ opinion of themselvesD. the need to put individual well-being above large-scale artistic schemes64. The writer says that today viewers may be unwilling to criticize a work because they ______.A. lack the knowledge neededB. fear it may have financial implicationsC. have no real concept of the wo rk’s valueD. feel their personal reaction is of no significance65. The writer says that unlike other forms of art, the appreciation of a painting does not ______.A. involve direct contact with an audienceB. require a specific location for performanceC. need the involvement of other professionalsD. call for a specific beginning or ending66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Original work: killer of artistic appreciationB. Original work: reduction to value of art worksC. Original work: substitute for reproductionD. Original work: art historians’ bread and butterSection CDirections:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Vitamin D3 Improve Heart FunctionA daily dose of vitamin D3 improves heart function in people with heart failure, a five-year University of Leeds research project has found.Dr. Klaus Witte, from the School of Medicine and Consultant Cardiologist at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, led the study. He said: “This is a significant breakthrough for patients. It is the first evidence that vitamin D3 can improve heart function of people with heart muscle weakness –known as heart failure.” __67__Vitamin D3 can be boosted by exposure to sunlight, but heart failure patients are often deficient in it even during the summer because older people make less vitamin D3 in response to sunlight than younger people. Vitamin D3 production in the skin is also reduced by sunscreen.The study, which was funded by the Medical Research Council, involved more than 160 patients from Leeds who were already being treated for their heart failure using proven treatments including beta —blockers, ACE-inhibitors and pacemakers. __68__ Those patients who took vitamin D3 experienced an improvement in heart function which was not seen in those who took a placebo.__69__ Heart specialists measure heart function by taking an ultrasound scan of the heart and measuring how much blood pumps from the heart with each heartbeat, known as ejection fraction. The ejection fraction of a healthy person is usually between 60% and 70%. In heart failure patients, the ejection fraction is often significantly impaired — in the patients enrolled into the study the averageejection fraction was 26%.In the 80 patients who took Vitamin D3, the heart’s pumping function improved from 26% to 34%. __70__ This means that for some heart disease patients, taking vitamin D3 regularly may lessen the need for them to be fitted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), a device which detects dangerous irregular heart rhythms and can shock the heart to restore a normal rhythm.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Social media and teens’ anxietyFrom cyber-bullying to cruel comments, social media can be a land mine for kids. Issues parents never worried about are now a risk for many teens. With kids’ digital well-being a concern, researchers are exploring potential links between social media and the rise in teen suicide rates, tech addiction, and loss of real-life social skills. Many parents are wondering: Is social media causing my kid to have anxiety?It’s a question that worried parents. Some research has observed a relationship between social media use and anxiety in kids, but it’s difficult to know if and when social media causes anxiety or whether kids who are anxious turn to social media as a way to seek support. How kids use social media matters, too. Social comparison and feedback-seeking behaviors have been associated with depressive symptoms, which often co-occur with anxiety.How can parents keep social media a positive for kids?1. Seeing photos of a trip to the beach your friends didn’t invite you to can really be upsetting. If your kid is tired of digital drama, suggest they take a break from social media for a while. In fact, if they post a status update that they’re taking a break, their friends might be very accepting because they’ve had similar feelings.2. People post stuff that makes their lives look perfect — not the homework struggles, or the fight they had with their dad. Remind kids that social media leaves the messy stuff out — and that everyone has ups and downs.3. In a world where kids could spend their days lying around looking at Wechat, it’s doubly important for them to feel as though they’re cultivating their inner lives. Prompt them to balance social media with soul-nourishing activities such as hobbies, exercise, reading, and helping others. Otherwise, what are they going to show off about on social media?V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72．艺术节开幕式上学生的演出真是太棒了！（performance）73．图书管理员提醒新生，杂志阅毕要放回原处。
【精品】区2019年高三第一学期期末(一模)学科质量检测物理试题及答案
浦东新区2018-2019学年等级考第一次模拟考试试卷物理考生注意：1．试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
试卷包括三部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为填空题，第三部分为综合题。
3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写学校、姓名、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二、三部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。
一、单项选择题（共40分，1至8题每小题3分，9至12题每小题4分。
每小题只有一个正确选项）1. 元电荷是(A) 电荷量(B) 点电荷(C) 电子(D) 质子2. 如图所示，为一列沿轴传播的横波，周期为2s，则该波(A) 波长为2m (B) 振幅为10cm(C) 频率为2H (D) 波速为2m/s3.下图中标出了磁感应强度B、电流I和其所受磁场力F的方向，正确的是4. 如图所示，一只小甲虫沿着倾斜的树枝向上匀速爬行，则(A) 甲虫速度越大所受摩擦力越大(B) 树枝对甲虫的摩擦力方向沿树枝向下(C) 树枝对甲虫的作用力与甲虫所受的重力是一对平衡力(D) 甲虫匀速向下爬行与向匀速上爬行所受摩擦力方向相反5. 用国际单位制中基本单位表示的磁通量单位是(A) Wb(B) T▪m2 (C) ▪(D)6. 一个物体作竖直上抛运动，则(A) 上升到最高点时，加速度为零(B) 上升和下落过程的平均速度相同(C) 任何相等时间内的速度变化量都相同(D) 相等时间内的位移可能相同7. 如图所示，同一水平面内有一金属圆线圈M和一带正电橡胶圆环N，当N绕其圆心在水平面内顺时针加速转动时，可判断出M环中产生的感应电流方向及M变化趋势为(A) 逆时针；收缩(B) 逆时针；扩张(C) 顺时针；收缩(D) 顺时针；扩张8. 如图所示，人随自动扶梯加速上行，扶梯对人的作用力为F，则F(A) 大小等于人的重力，对人做正功(B) 大小等于人的重力，对人做负功(C) 大小大于人的重力，对人做正功(D) 大小小于人的重力，对人做负功9.“蹦极“是一种富有刺激性的勇敢者的运动项目。
2019届上海市浦东新区高三上学期期末质量检测物理试题(解析版)
上海市浦东新区2019届高三上学期期末教学质量检测物理试卷一、单项选择题（共40分，1-8题每小题3分，9-12题每小题3分．每小题只有一个正确选项）1.元电荷是（）A. 电荷量B. 点电荷C. 电子D. 质子【答案】A【解析】【分析】元电荷又称“基本电量”，在各种带电微粒中，电子电荷量的大小是最小的，人们把最小电荷叫做元电荷，常用符号e表示，任何带电体所带电荷都是e的整数倍。
【详解】元电荷又称“基本电量”，元电荷是带电量的最小值，它不是电荷，不是指质子或者是电子，也不是电荷，故A正确，BCD错误；故选A。
【点睛】点电荷是电荷，有电荷量与电性，而元电荷不是电荷，有电荷量但没有电性。
2.如图所示，为一列沿x轴传播的横波，周期为2s，则该波（）A. 波长为2mB. 振幅为10cmC. 频率为2HzD. 波速为2m/s【答案】D【解析】【分析】明确波动图象的性质，根据图象可直接得出波的波长和振幅；根据周期和频率的关系即可确定频率，根据波长波速和频率的关系即可确定波速大小。
【详解】由图可知，该波的波长为4m，振幅为5cm，故AB错误；周期为2s，则频率f＝1/T＝0.5Hz，故C 错误；根据波速、波长和频率的关系可知，波速v＝λf＝4×0.5m/s＝2m/s，故D正确。
故选D。
【点睛】本题考查对波动图象的认识，要注意明确图象的性质，同时掌握波长、波速和周期、频率间的关系。
3.如图中标出了磁感应强度B、电流I和其所受磁场力F的方向，正确的是（）A. B. C. D.【答案】A【解析】试题分析：由于该题判断的是通电导体在磁场中的受力方向问题，故需要用左手定则来判定，可见，A是正确的；B中由于电流方向与磁场方向相同，故不受磁场力，C中力的方向是竖直向上的，D中受力的方向是垂直纸面向外的，故B、C、D都是不对的。
考点：左手定则的应用。
4.如图所示，一只小甲虫沿着倾斜的树枝向上匀速爬行，则（）A. 甲虫速度越大所受摩擦力越大B. 树枝对甲虫的摩擦力方向沿树枝向下C. 树枝对甲虫的作用力与甲虫所受的重力是一对平衡力D. 甲虫匀速向下爬行与向匀速上爬行所受摩擦力方向相反【答案】C【解析】【分析】甲虫匀速爬行，合力为零，受重力、支持力和静摩擦力处于平衡，根据平衡得出摩擦力的变化。