2013年6月大学英语四级考试 (第一套) 作文真题
V ocabulary and Grammar
V ocabulary and Grammar
1 2013年6月大学英语四级考试 (第一套) 作文真题
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
One possible version
The Importance of Reading Literature
In the cartoon, a teacher gives a literary work to a student who is shocked by her action, saying, “Just think of it as you ’re reading a long text-message.” It shows the case that people nowadays are indifferent to the thick, heavy and long literary works.
Various reasons are responsible for the phenomenon mentioned above. Firstly, modern technologies force us to live a high-paced life, which gives opportunities to “fast-food culture ” to be ubiquitous in our daily life. So reading literature, as a patience-and time-consuming activity, has irresistibly lost some of its participants. Secondly, the impetuous mentality of the whole society aggravates the impatience of modern citizens so that it is increasingly difficult for them to read a long and thick literary work. Thirdly, the concept that reading literature is useless also contributes to the reluctance of reading literature.
Personally, reading literature can greatly broaden our mind and vision, motivate our critical and independent thinking, cultivate our patience and peace of mind, and perfect our selfhood. So why not spare some time on reading literature?
Notes to the texts
1. indifferent 漠不关心；不感兴趣
2. ubiquitous 似乎无所不在的；十分普遍的
3. irresistibly 无法抵制地
4. impetuous mentality 浮躁心态
5. aggravate 使严重；使恶化
6. perfect v. to make sth perfect or as good as you can 使完善；使完美；使完备
2015-6-11。
2013年6月英语四级真题及答案详解(第1套)
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案详解Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题1) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题2) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)11. A) The woman is the manager's secretary. B) The man found himself in a wrong place.C) The man is the manager's business associate.D) The woman was putting up a sign on the wall.12. A) He needs more time for the report. B) He needs help to interpret the data.C) He is sorry not to have helped the woman. D) He does not have sufficient data to go on.13. A) A friend from New York. B) A message from Tony.C) A postal delivery. D) A change in the weather.14. A) She is not available until the end of next week. B) She is not a reliable source of information.C) She does not like taking exams. D) She does not like psychology.15. A) He will help the woman carry the suitcase. B) The woman's watch is twenty minutes fast.C) The woman shouldn't make such a big fuss. D) There is no need for the woman to be in a hurry.16. A) Mary is not so easygoing as her. B) Mary and she have a lot in common.C) She finds it hard to get along with Mary. D) She does not believe what her neighbors said.17. A) At an information service. B) At a car wash point.C) At a repair shop. D) At a dry cleaner's.18. A) The woman came to the concert at the man's request.B) The man is already fed up with playing the piano.C) The piece of music the man played is very popular.D) The man's unique talents are the envy of many people.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) He has taught Spanish for a couple of years at a local school.B) He worked at the Brownstone Company for several years.C) He owned a small retail business in Michigan years ago.D) He has been working part-time in a school near Detroit.20. A) He prefers a full-time job with more responsibility.B) He is eager to find a job with an increased salary.C) He likes to work in a company close to home.D) He would rather get a less demanding job.21. A) Sports. B) Travel. C) Foreign languages. D) Computer games22. A) When he is supposed to start work.B) What responsibilities he would have.C) When he will be informed about his application.D) What career opportunities her company can offer.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) She is pregnant. B) She is over 50.C) She has just finished her project. D) She is a good saleswoman.24. A) He takes good care of Lisa. B) He is the CEO of a giant company.C) He is good at business management. D) He works as a sales manager.25. A) It is in urgent need of further development.B) It produces goods popular among local people.C) It has been losing market share in recent years.D) It is well positioned to compete with the giants.Section B Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the conversation you have just heard.26. A) It is lined with tall trees. C) It has high buildings on both sides.B) It was widened recently. D) It used to be dirty and disorderly.27. A) They repaved it with rocks. C) They beautified it with plants.B) They built public restrooms on it. D) They set up cooking facilities near it.28. A) What makes life enjoyable. C) What a community means.B) How to work with tools. D) How to improve health.29. A) They were obliged to fulfill the signed contract.B) They were encouraged by the city officials' praise.C) They wanted to prove they were as capable as boys.D) They derived happiness from the constructive work.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) The majority of them think it less important than computers.B) Many of them consider it boring and old-fashioned.C) The majority of them find it interesting.D) Few of them read more than ten books a year.31. A) Novels and stories. C) History and science books.B) Mysteries and detective stories. D) Books on culture and tradition.32. A) Watching TV. C) Reading magazines.B) Listening to music. D) Playing computer games.Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) Advice on the purchase of cars.B) Information about the new green-fuel vehicles.C) Trends for the development of the motor car.D) Solutions to global fuel shortage.34. A) Limited driving range. C) The short life of batteries.B) Huge recharging expenses. D) The unaffordable high price.35. A) They need to be further improved.B) They can easily switch to natural gas.C) They are more cost-effective than vehicles powered by solar energy.D) They can match conventional motor cars in performance and safety.Section CMy favorite T.V. show? "The Twilight Zone." I (36) ______ like the episode called "The Printer's Devil." It's about a newspaper editor who's being (37) ______ out of business by a big newspaper syndicate - you know, a group of papers (38) ______ by the same people.He's about to (39) ______ suicide when he's interrupted by an old man who says his name is Smith. The editor is not only offered $5000 to pay off his newspaper's (40) ______, but this Smith character also offers his (41) ______ for free. It turns out that the guy (42) ______ the printing machine with amazing speed, and soon he's turning out newspapers with (43) ______ headlines. The small paper is successful again. The editor is amazed at how quickly Smith gets his stories only minutes after they happen - but soon he's presented with a contract to sign. Mr. Smith, it seems, is really the devil! (44) ______________________________________, so he agrees to sign. But soon Smith is reporting the news even before it happens - and it's all terrible one disaster after another. (45) ____________________________________________. I really like these old episodes of "The Twilight Zone" because the stories are fascinating. (46) _________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section AQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the 47 risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get 48 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important 49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50 bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week, 51 recovery days between sessions.Finally, flexibility and balance training are 52 important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can 54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 55 is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to 56 stretch it in an opposite position.Section BPassage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?“Many policy measures to control obesity（肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.“In contrast,” the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.”The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted （分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most pla ces you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to theback of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much. B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist. D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively. B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions. D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few peop le are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D) Easy access leads to customers’ over-consumption.60. What is the purpose of California’s rule a bout alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas. D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribu te Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满) ,” that explanation doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 —but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win apermanent foothold in the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden. B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why do es the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself. B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D) To show its will to com pete with Japan’s Fuji photo.64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden. B) A mirror. C) A joke. D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography. B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics. D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.Part VI Translation (5 minutes)87. Although only in her teens, my sister is looking forward to _________________（独自去海外学习).88. It’s true that we are not always going to succeed in our ventures, _______（即使我们投入时间和金钱).89. The old couple hoped that their son ________________（将不辜负他们的期望).90. So badly _________________(他在车祸中受伤)that he had to stay in the hospital for a whole year.91. Nowadays, some people still have trouble ________________（从网上获取信息).2013年6月英语四级答案详解Part III Listening Comprehension Section A11.W: What are you doing in here, Sir? Didn't you see the private sign over there?M: I'm sorry. I didn't notice it when I came in. I'm looking for the manager's office.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?12.W: Mike, what's the problem? You've known from month the report is due today.M: I know, but I'm afraid I need another few days. The data is hard to interpret than I expected.Q: What does the man mean?13.W: Excuse me, Tony. Has my parcel from New York arrived?M: Unfortunately, it's been delayed due to the bad weather.Q: What is the woman waiting for?14.W: Pam said we won't have the psychology test until the end of next week.M: Ellen, you should know better than to take Pam's words for anything.Q: What does the man imply about Pam?15W: Tom, would you please watch my suitcase for a minute? I need to go make a quick phone call.M: Yeah, sure. Take your time. Our train doesn’t leave for another twenty minutes.Q: What does the man mean?16M: Frankly, Mary is not what I'd called easy-going.W: I see. People in our neighborhood find it hard to believe she's my twin sister.Q: What does the woman imply?17 M: How soon do you think this can be cleaned?W: We have same day service, sir. You can pick up your suit after five o'clock.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?18W: I really enjoy that piece you just play on the piano. I bet you get a lot of requests for it.M: You said it. People just can't get enough of it.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?长对话1Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: Good afternoon, Mr. Jones. I am Teresa Chen, and I’ll be interviewing you. How are you today?M: I am fine, thank you. And you, Miss Chen?W: Good, Thanks. Can you tell me something about your experience in this kind of work?M: Well, for several years, I managed a department for the Brownstone Company in Detroit, Michigan. Now I work part time because I also go to school at night. I’m getting a business degree.W: Oh, how interesting. Tell me, why do you want to leave your present job?M: I’ll finish school in a few months, and I’d like a full-time position with more responsibility.W: And why would you like to work for our company?M: Because I know your company’s work and I like it.W: Could you please tell me about your special skills and interests?M: Of course, I’m good at computers and I can speak Spanish. I used to take classes in Spanish at the local college. And I like travelling a lot.W: Can you give me any references?M: Yes, certainly. You can talk to Mr. Macaw, my boss, at the Brownstone Company. I could also give you the names and numbers of several of my teachers.W: All right, Mr. Jones, and would you like to ask me any questions?M: Yes, I wonder when I’ll be infor med about my application for the job.W: Well, we’ll let you know as soon as possible. Let’s stay in touch. Thank you very much for coming this afternoon.M: Thank you.Questions 19-22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What does the man say about his working experience?20. Why does the man want to leave his present job?21. What is the man interested in?22. What question did the man ask the woman?【总评】一篇以面试为场景的听力对话。
2013年6月年四级考试真题答案及详细解析(第一套)
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on theimportance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.作文范文：The Importance of Reading LiteratureAs is portrayed in the picture, a teacher is giving a literary work to a student, trying to encourage him to read it as if it is a long text-message, since the student seems so unhappy and reluctant. Obviously, the picture reveals the phenomenon that nowadays, more and more students are keen on fast food culture rather than classic literary works.As a matter of fact, it is of great significance for us to appreciate literary works. Firstly, reading literature can help broaden our horizon, let us gain more life experience and learn more about history. The more experience you gain, the more knowledgeable you are. Secondly, with condensed beauty of arts, the literary works can also enhance our aesthetic taste, enabling us to have a better understanding of beauty. Lastly, reading literature is an effective way for relaxation. The beautiful and moving scenes shown in the literature are beneficial for one’s mental health.Therefore, we should learn to appreciate the treasuries our ancestors left and absorb the essence of them.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Surviving the RecessionAmerica’s recession began quietly at the end of 2007. Since then it has evolved into a global crisis. Reasonable people may disagree about whom to blame. Financiers who were not as clever as they thought they were? Regulators falling asleep at work? Consumers who borrowed too much? Politicians who thoughtlessly promoted home-ownership for those who could not afford it? All are guilty; and what a mess they have created.Since 2007 America has shed 5 million jobs. More than 15% of the workforce are jobless or underemployed—roughly 25 million workers. The only industries swelling their payrolls are health care, utilities and the federal government. The value of listed shares in American firms collapsed by 57% from its peak in October 2007 to a low in March this year, though it has since bounced back somewhat. Industrial production fell by 12.8% in the year to March, the worst slide since the Second World War. Mark Zan di, an economist at Moody’s , predicts that the r ecession will shrink America’s economy by 3.5% in total. For most executives, this is the worst business environment they’ve ever seen.Times are so tough that even bosses are taking pay cuts. Median(中位数的) pay for chief executives of S&P 500 companies fell 6.8% in 2008. The overthrown business giants of Wall Street took the biggest knock, with average pay cuts of 38% and median bonuses of zero. But there was some pain for everyone: median pay for chief executives of non-financial firms in the S&P 500 fell by 2.7%.Nearly every business has a sad tale to tell. For example, Arne Sorenson, the president of Marriott hotels, likens the crisis to the downturn that hit his business after September 11th, 2001. When the twin towers fell, Americans stopped travelling. Marriott had its worst quarter ever, with revenues per room falling by 25%. This year, without a terrorist attack, the hotel industry is “putting the same numbers on the board”, says Mr Sorenson.The hotel bust(不景气), like most busts, was preceded by a breathtaking boom. Although many other big firms resisted the temptation to over-borrow, developers borrowed heavily and built bigger and fancier hotels as if the whole world were planning a holiday in Las Vegas. When the bubble burst, demand collapsed. Hotel owners found themselves with a huge number of empty rooms even as a lot of unnecessary new hotels were ready to open.Other industries have suffered even more. Large numbers of builders, property firms and retailers have gone bankrupt. And a disaster has hit Detroit. Last year the American car industry had the capacity to make 17 million vehicles. Sales in 2009 could be barely half of that. The Big Three American carmakers—General Motors, Ford and Chrysler—accumulated ruinous costs over the post-war years, such as gold-plated health plans and pensions for workers who retired as young as 48. All three are desperately restructuring. Only Ford may survive in its current form.Hard times breed hard feelings. Few Americans understand what caused the recession. Some are seeking scapegoats(替罪羊). Politicians are happy to take advantage. Bosses have been summoned to Washington to be scolded on live television. The president condemns their greed. Extravagance (奢侈) is outBusinessfolk are bending over backwards to avoid seeming extravagant. Meetings at resorts are suddenly unacceptable. Goldman Sachs, an investment bank, cancelled a conference in Las Vegas at the last minute and rebooked it in San Francisco, which cost more but sounded less fun.Anyway, the pain will eventually end. American business will regain its shine. Many firms will die, but the survivors will emerge leaner and stronger than before. The financial sector’s share of the economy will shrink, and stay shrunk for years to come. The importance of non-financial firms will accordingly rise, along with their ability to attract the best talent. America will remain the best place on earth to do business, so long as Barack Obama and the Democrats in Congress resist the temptation to interfere too much, and so long as organised labour does not overplay its hand.The crisis will prove hugely disruptive(破坏性的), however. Bad management techniques will be exposed. Necessity will force the swift adoption of more efficient ones. At the same time,technological innovation (创新) will barely pause for breath, and two big political changes seem likely.Mr Obama’s plan to curb carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions (排放), though necessary, will be far from cost-free, whatever his sunny speeches on the subject might suggest. The shift to a low-carbon economy will help some firms, hurt others and require every organisation that uses much energy to rethink how it operates. It is harder to predict how Mr Obama’s proposed reforms to the failing health-care system will turn out. If he succeeds in curbing costs—a big if—it would be a huge gain for America. Some businesses will benefit but the vast bulk of the savings will be captured by workers, not their employers.In the next couple of years the businesses that thrive will be those that are tight with costs, careful of debt, cautious with cash flow and extremely attentive to what customers want. They will include plenty of names no one has yet heard of.Times change, and corporations change with them. In 1955 Time’s Man of the Year was H arlow Curtice, the boss of GM. His firm was leading America towards “a new economic order”, the magazine wrote. Thanks to men like Curtice, “the bonds of scarcity” had been broken and America was rolling “in an all-time high of prosperity”. Soon, Americans would need to spend “comparatively little time earning a living”.Half a century later GM is a typical example of poor management. In March its chief executive was fired by Time’s current Man of the Year, Mr Obama. The government now backs up the domestic car industry, lending it money and overseeing its turnaround plans. With luck, this will be short-lived. But there is a danger that Washington will end up micromanaging not only Detroit but also other parts of the economy. And clever as Mr Obama’s adviser s are, history suggests they will be bad at this.注意: 此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2013英语四级真题作文
2013英语四级真题作文2013年6月英语四级作文题目，The Importance of Confidence。
范文：The Importance of Confidence。
Confidence is a vital quality that everyone should possess. It is the foundation of success and the key to overcoming fear and anxiety. Confidence can be defined as a belief in oneself and one's abilities. It is the ability to trust oneself and to take risks without fear of failure. Confidence is not something that can be acquired overnight. It is a quality that needs to be developed over time.There are many benefits to having confidence. Firstly, confidence helps us to achieve our goals. When we believe in ourselves, we are more likely to take action and pursue our dreams. This can lead to greater success in ourpersonal and professional lives. Secondly, confidence helps us to overcome fear and anxiety. When we are confident, we are less likely to be afraid of new situations or challenges. We are more willing to take risks and try new things. This can lead to greater personal growth and development. Finally, confidence can help us to buildbetter relationships with others. When we are confident, we are more likely to be assertive and express ourselves in a clear and concise manner. This can lead to better communication and more meaningful connections with others.There are many ways to develop confidence. One of the most effective ways is to set achievable goals and work towards them. When we achieve our goals, we feel a sense of accomplishment and our confidence grows. Another way to build confidence is to practice self-care. This means taking care of our physical, emotional, and mental health. When we feel good about ourselves, we are more likely to be confident and assertive. Finally, it is important to surround ourselves with positive and supportive people. When we are around people who believe in us and encourage us, our confidence grows.In conclusion, confidence is a vital quality that everyone should possess. It is the foundation of success and the key to overcoming fear and anxiety. There are many benefits to having confidence, including achieving our goals, overcoming fear and anxiety, and building better relationships with others. Confidence can be developed over time by setting achievable goals, practicing self-care, and surrounding ourselves with positive and supportive people.。
2013年六月英语四级真题作文
The Power of Perseverance in OvercomingChallengesIn the journey of life, we are constantly faced with various challenges that test our resolve and perseverance. The June 2013 CET-4 essay topic, "The Power of Perseverance," aptly captures the essence of this indomitable spirit. Perseverance, the unwavering determination to continue despite difficulties, is acritical ingredient in the recipe for success.Life is a series of obstacles and setbacks, and it is only through perseverance that we can overcome them. Imagine a runner in a marathon who feels the exhaustion of every muscle in his body, yet still presses on, step after step, determined to reach the finish line. This runner embodies the spirit of perseverance. It is this same spirit that propels us to push through the tough times in life, whether it's a difficult exam, a challenging project, or a personal struggle.Perseverance does not mean stubbornly sticking to one path regardless of obstacles. Instead, it is about assessing the situation, learning from past mistakes, andadapting our strategies to overcome the challenges ahead. It is about finding the balance between persistence and flexibility, between stubbornness and adaptability.Moreover, perseverance is not always a lonely journey. Often, we find support and encouragement from our family, friends, and mentors. Their words of affirmation and belief in our abilities can be powerful motivations that keep us going when the going gets tough. This support system acts as a wind beneath our wings, propelling us forward.However, perseverance does not guarantee success in every endeavor. Sometimes, despite our best efforts, we may still face failure. But failure is not a终点, it is a stepping stone to success. It teaches us valuable lessons about what works and what doesn't, and it helps us refine our strategies and approach. Failure, when viewed through the lens of perseverance, becomes an opportunity for growth and improvement.In conclusion, the power of perseverance lies in its ability to transform challenges into opportunities for growth, setbacks into stepping stones to success, and failure into a springboard for future endeavors. As wenavigate through the challenges of life, let us rememberthat with perseverance, there is no limit to what we can achieve.**坚持不懈的力量在克服困难中**在人生的旅途中，我们不断面临着各种挑战，考验着我们的决心和毅力。
2013年6月英语四级真题及答案
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案详解Total score: 710 Total time allowed: 125 minutes特注：2013年6月大学四级考试采用多题多卷形式，本试卷含两套写作题，考生可以任选其一。
Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题1) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题2) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information givenin the passage.Can Digital Textbook Truly Replace the Print Kind?The shortcomings of tradit ional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they’re he with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They’re also expensive, especially whendollarsyou factor in the average college student’s limited budget, typically costing hundreds ofevery semester.But the worst part is that print version of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions.Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom,basically stuck with aessentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they’refour pound paper-weight that they can’t sell back.Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many ofmirage（幻影）in the distance,these shortcomings. But till now, they’ve been something like amore like a hazy（模糊的）dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all yourtextbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true.But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition（过渡）over to digital books.Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at theUniversity of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooksjust last year.But not all were eager to jump aboard.“People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading,” says Kalp who will be going into his second year at Irvine’s medical program this fall. “They werenwrite in it. So a third of the peopleit as a source of communication because they couldn’t read orin my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops andthe last third were using paper and pencil.” of e-edition textbooks The reason it hasn’t caught on yet, he tells me, is that the functionalityis incredibly limited, and some students just aren’t motivated to learn new study behavior.But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released anover 50 undergraduate and graduate classroomsupdated version last week, and it’ll be utilized inthis coming school year.“Digital textbooks are not going to catch on,” says Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis as he’me a demo（演示）over coffee. “What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digitaltextbook is it’s an exact copy of the print book. There’s Course Smart, etc., these guys who take any image of the page and put it on a screen. If that’s how we’re defining digital textbooks, there no hope of that becoming a mainstream product.” He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the groundup, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves as askeleton.At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping（敲击）into the iPad app (应用软件), which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.Up first is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through (浏览) afew chapters before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view itshe says,various building blocks. “Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos,” “We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform.” Next he pulls up a music c omposition textbook, complete with playable demos. It’s a learningclear why this would beexperience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It’ssomething a music major would love.But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation（批注）system. Here’s how itworks!When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner’s highlights andnotes in the margins. It uses the experience of someone who already went through the class to helpimprove your reading (how much you trust each notation is obviously up to you).But with lnkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here’s where thin get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple lnkling users,that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook tocome across. That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Facebookfriends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments are then sorteddemocratically by a voting system, meaning that your social learning experience is shared with thebest and brightest thinkers.As a bonus, professors can even chime in (插话) on discussions. They’ll be able to answerthe questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book.Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well.Textbook versions are constanly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs(the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard). Furthermore, students will be able topurchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing aslittle as $2.99.There are, however, challenges.“It takes efforts to build each book,” Maclnnis tells me. And it’s clear why.Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you cantell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of these educational institutions aregiving the hardware away for free, for other students who don’t have such a luxury it’s layer of cost — and an expensive one at that.But this much is clear. The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite sometime. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen,and we probably won’t have a definite answer for the next few years.However the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at least for now,that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible (可触摸的), a little less of a dream.1. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that _____.A) they are not reused once a new edition comes outB) they cost hundreds of dollars every semesterC) they are too heavy to carry aroundD) they take a longer time to revise2. What does the author say about digital textbooks?A) It’s not likely they will replace traditional textbooks.B) They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.C) Very few of them are available in the market.D) Many people still have difficulty using them.3. According to Kalpit Shah, some students still use paper and pencil because _____.A) they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPadB) they are unwilling to change their study behaviorC) they have get tired of reading on the iPadD) they are not used to reading on the screen4. Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis explains that the problem with Course Smart’s current digital textbooks is that _____.A) they have to be revised repeatedlyB) they are inconvenient to use in classC) they are different from most mainstream productsD) they are no more than print versions put on a screen5. Matt Maclnnis describes the updated version of lnkling as _____.A) a good example of the mainstream productsB) a marvelous product of many creative ideasC) a platform for building multimedia contentD) a mere skeleton of traditional textbooksnotation system because one can_____.6. The author is most excited about lnkling’sA) share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkersB) participate in discussions with classmates and Facebook friendsC) vote for the best learners democraticallyD) store information on the cloud7. One additional advantage of the interactive digital textbook is that _____.A) students can switch to different discussions at any pointB) students can download relevant critical commentsC) professors can join in students’ online discussionsD) professors can give prompt feedback to students’ homework8. One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that is takesa great deal of _____.9. One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high ______ of the hardware.10. According to the author, whether digital textbooks will catch on still _____.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At theend of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which isthe best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) Children should be taught to be more careful.juice.B) Children shouldn’t drink so much orangeC) There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.D) Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.12. A) Fitness training. B) The new job offer.C) Computer programming. D) Directorship of the club.13. A) He needs to buy a new sweater. B) He has got to save on fuel bills.C) The fuel price has skyrocketed. D) The heating system doesn’t work.14. A) Committing theft. B) Taking pictures.C) Window shopping. D) Posing for the camera.15. A) She is taking some medicine. B) She has not seen a doctor yet.D) She has almost recovered from the cough.C) She does not trust the man’s advice.16. A) Pamela’s report is not finished as scheduled.B) Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.C) Pamela is not good at writing research papers.D) Pamela’s mistakes could have been avoided.17. A) In the left-luggage office. B) At the hotel reception.C) In a hotel room. D) At an airport.18. A) She was an excellent student at college. B) She works in the entertainment business.C) She is fond of telling stories in her speech. D) She is good at conveying her message. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Arranging the woman’s appointment with Mr. Romero.B) Fixing the time for the designer’s latest fashion show.C) Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.D) Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.20. A) Her travel to Japan.B) The awards ceremony.C) The proper hairstyle for her new role.D) When to start the makeup session.21. A) He is Mr. Romero’s agent.B) He is an entertainment journalist.C) He is the woman’s assistant.D) He is a famous movie star.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Make an appointment for an interview.B) Send in an application letter.C) Fill in an application form.D) Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.23. A) Someone having a college degree in advertising.B) Someone experienced in business management.C) Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.D) Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.24. A) Travel opportunities.B) Handsome pay.C) Prospects for promotion.D) Flexible working hours.25. A) It depends on the working hours.B) It’s about 500 pound a week.C) It will be set by the Human Resources.D) It is to be negotiated.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) To give customers a wider range of choices.B) To make shoppers see as many items as possible.C) To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.D) To give space for more profitable products.27. A) On the top shelves.B) On the bottom shelves.C) On easily accessible shelves.D) On clearly marked shelves.28. A) Many of them buy things on impulse.B) A few of them are fathers with babies.C) A majority of them are young couples.D) Over 60% of them make shopping lists.29. A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.B) Sales assistants following customers around.C) Customers competing for good bargains.D) Customers losing all sense of time.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Teaching mathematics at a school.B) Doing research in an institute.C) Studying for a college degree.D) Working in a high-tech company.31. A) He studied the designs of various choices.B) He did experiments to different materials.C) He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.D) He asked different people for their opinions.32. A) Its automatic mechanism.B) Its manufacturing pattern.C) Its way of waking people up.D) Its funny-looking pig face.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) It’s often caused by a change of circumstances.y special attention.B) It usually doesn’t require anC) It usually appears all of a sudden.D) It usually lasts for several years.34. A) They can’t mix well with others.B) They emotionally receive their friends.C) They depend severely on family members.D) They share similar interests with friends.35. A) They lack consistent support from peers.B) They doubt their own popularity.C) They were born psychologically weak.D) They focus too much attention on themselves.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you havejust heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally when the passage is read for the third time, you should checkwhat you have written.There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ________ away in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often (37) ________, never reach the outside world.Things have done a complete about-face since then. (38) ________ for the change has been the astonishingly (39) ________ development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is(40) ________ about us in one place or another — and for one reason or another — can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by (41) ________ and by private businesses and corporations, lending (42) ________, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government (43) ________ at the local, state, and federal level.A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized date as a frightening invasion of their privacy. (44) ___________ _________________________________________________________ as the computer becomesincreasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, anational survey showed that (45) ____________________________________________________________________. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry. (46) ____________________________________________________________________.Part IVReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section A Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physicalactivity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the47 risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get48 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week,51 recovery days between sessions. Finally, flexibility and balance training are52 important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑). Some of this you do wheneveryou stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 55 is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to56 stretch it in an opposite position.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneA) allowingF) helping K) prevent B) avoidableG) increasingly L) principle C) brieflyH) lowest M) provoke D) componentI) maintain N) seriously E) determined J) maximum O) topicQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’redoing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take alesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s dis “Many policy measures to control obesity（肥胖症）assume that people consciously andrationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information andmore access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assu me people make “In contrast,” rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — ofwhich immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.” behavior with food and alcohol and results of The research references studies of people’salcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising ifapplied to junk foods. Among them:Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted（分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These makealcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it.So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories?And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash-through facilities. Atregisters in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drivesupermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines.The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals forjunk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much.B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively.B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.-consumption.D) Easy access leads to customers’ over60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected,turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography anddominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.that explanation Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满) ,” doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago,Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact, Kodak inventedthe first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its newdiscovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at HarvardBusiness School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time thecompany realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent alot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult timeswitching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the newbusinesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fullyembrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them.Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the companycommanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which underminedKodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid wentinstead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Whether you think you need daytime rest or not, picking up a nap（午睡）habit is a smart, healthy move. The Mayo Clinic says naps 67 relaxation, better mood and alertness, and a sharper working 68 . A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep,a mid-day nap was the best way to cope 69 the mid-afternoon sleepiness.According to the Harvard Health Letter, several studies have shown that people 70 new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it. And, most 71 , a 2007 study of nearly 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped 72 had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying 73 heart disease compared to people who didn’t nap.Of course, napping isn’ｔ74 for everyone. If you’re suffering from i nability to sleep, naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can 75 with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night.But for most, naps can make you feel sharper and happier. Naps provide different benefits 76 on how long they are. A 20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze （小睡）can 77 creativity.According to , you 78 a natural dip in body temperature 79 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. A short nap at this time can boost alertness 80 several hours and, for most people, shouldn’ｔ81 being able to fall asleep at night.or too chilly. 82 snapping Pick a dark, cozy place that’s not too warm。
2013年6月英语四级真题及答案【全】
2013年6月英语四级真题及答案【全】2013年6月英语四级真题及答案【全】Part I Writing对白：儿子： Dad, I'm a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste（处理核废料）爸爸： If you can empty the dustbin（垃圾筒） here, you can do anything！范文：The picture shows us a dialogue between a father and a son. The son told his father, “Dad, I’m a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste”. While his father told him, “If you can empty the dustbin here you can do anything”. It reveals the importance of doing small things well before undertaking something big. There is also an old Chinese saying to go with this that a person can’t sweep the world before he can sweep his own room.Unquestionably, doing small things is the first step of success and will layroot for doing something big. By doing something small, we are enabled to accumulate experience, master skills and train ourselves to be more patient. In other word, we can be well prepared for further challenges in the course of fulfilling small things. By contrast, those who set out to do something big will be constantly haunted by disappointment, frustrations or even failures. As when opportunity “something big” appears, they can hardly seize them because of the lack of experience and confidence stems from doing small things.Taking the picture presented above as a case in point, how can the little boy succeed in disposing of nuclear weapons if he even doesn’t know how to empty1.who take an image of the page and put it on a screen.”可知，Course Smart现在的电子课本只是对纸质课本的复制，因此，正确答案为D。
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题
2013年6月大学英语六级考试真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark" A smile is the shortest distance between two people. " You can cite some examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.PartⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.A Nation That's Losing Its Toolbox1The scene inside the Home Depot on Weyman Avenue here would give the old-time American craftsman pause.2In Aisle 34 is precut plastic flooring, the glue already in place. In Aisle 26 are prefabricated windows. Stacked near the checkout counters, and as colorful as a Fisher-Price toy, is a not-so-serious-looking power tool: a battery-operated saw-and-drill combination. And if you don't want to do it yourself, head to Aisle 23 or Aisle 35, where a help desk will arrange for an installer.3It's a11 very handy stuff, I guess, a convenient way to be a do-it-yourselfer without being all that good with tools. But at a time when the American factory seems to be a shrinking presence, and when good manufacturing jobs have vanished, perhaps never to return, there is something deeply troubling about this dilution of American craftsmanship.4This isn't a lament(伤感)—or not merely a lament—for bygone times. It's a social and cultural issue, as well as an economic one. The Home Depot approach to craftsmanship—simplify it, dumb it down, hire a contractor—is one signal that mastering tools and working with one's hands is receding in America as a hobby, as a valued skill, as a cultural influence that shaped thinking and behavior in vast sections of the country.5That should be a matter of concern in a presidential election year. Yet neither Barack Obama nor Mitt Romney promotes himself as tool-savvy (使用工具很在行的) presidential timber, in the mold of a Jimmy Carter, a skilled carpenter and cabinet maker.6The Obama administration does worry publicly about manufacturing, a first cousin of craftsmanship. When the Ford Motor Company, for example, recently announced that it was bringing some production home, the White House cheered. "When you see things like Ford moving new production from Mexico to Detroit, instead of the other way around, you know things are changing, "says Gene Sperling, director of the National Economic Council.7Ask the administration or the Republicans or most academics why America needs more manufacturing, and they respond that manufacturing gives birth to innovation, brings down the trade deficit, strengthens the dollar, generates Jobs, arms the military and brings about a recovery from recession. But rarely, if ever, do they publicly take the argument a step further, asserting that a growing manufacturing sector encourages craftsmanship and that craftsmanship is, if not a birthright, then a vital ingredient of the American self-image as a can-do, inventive, we-can-make-anything people.8Traditional vocational training in public high schools is gradually declining, stranding thousands of young people who seek training for a craft without going to college. Colleges, fortheir part, have since 1985 graduated fewer chemical, mechanical, industrial and metallurgical (冶金的) engineers, partly in response to the reduced role of manufacturing, a big employer of them.9The decline started in the 1950s, when manufacturing generated a sturdy 28％of the national income, or gross domestic product, and employed one-third of the workforce. Today, factory output generates just 12％of G. D. P. and employs barely 9％of the nation's workers.10Mass layoffs and plant closings have drawn plenty of headlines and public debate over the years, and they still occasionally do. But the damage to skill and craftsmanship—what's needed to build a complex airliner or a tractor, or for a worker to move up from assembler to machinist to supervisor—went largely unnoticed.11"In an earlier generation, we lost our connection to the land, and now we are losing our connection to the machinery we depend on, "says Michael Hout, a sociologist at the University of California, Berkeley. "People who work with their hands, he went on, "are doing things today that we call service jobs, in restaurants and laundries, or in medical technology and the like. "12 That's one explanation for the decline in traditional craftsmanship. Lack of interest is another. The big money is in fields like finance. Starting in the 1 980s, skill in finance grew in importance, and, as depicted in the news media and the movies, became a more appealing source of income.13By last year, Wall Street traders, bankers and those who deal in real estate generated 21％of the national income, double their share in the 1 950s. And Warren Buffett, the good-natured financier, became a homespun folk hero, Without the tools and overalls(工作装).14 "Young people grow up without developing the skills to fix things around the house, "says Richard Curtin, director of the Thomson Reuters／University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers. "They know about computers, of course, but they don't know how to build them. "15Manufacturing's shrinking presence undoubtedly helps explain the decline in craftsmanship, if only because many of the nation's assembly line workers were skilled in craft work, if not on the job then in their spare time. In a late 1990s study of blue-collar employees at a General Motors plant(now closed)in Linden, N. J. , the sociologist Ruth Milkman of City University of New York found that many line workers, in their off-hours, did home renovation and other skilled work.16"I have often thought, "Ms. Milkman says, "that these extracurricular jobs were an effort on the part of the workers to regain their dignity after suffering the degradation of repetitive assembly line work in the factory. "17 Craft work has higher status in nations like Germany, which invests in apprenticeship(学徒)programs for high school students. "Corporations in Germany realized that there was an interest to be served economically and patriotically in building up a skilled labor force at home；we never had that ethos(风气), "says Richard Sennett, a New York University sociologist who has written about the connection of craft and culture.18 The damage to American craftsmanship seems to parallel the steep slide in manufacturing employment. Though the decline started in the 1970s, it became much steeper beginning in 2000. Since then, some 5. 3 million jobs, or one. third of me workforce In manufacturing, have been lost.A stated goal of the Obama administration is to restore a big chunk of this employment, along with the multitude of skills that many of the jobs required.19 As for craftsmanship itself,the issue is how to preserve it as a valued skill in the general population. Ms. Milkman, the sociologist, argues that American craftsmanship isn't disappearing as quickly as some would argue—that it has instead shifted to immigrants. "Pride in craft, it isalive in the immigrant world, "she says.Sol Axelrod, 37, the manager of the Home Depot here, fittingly learned to fix his own car as a teenager, even changing the brakes. Now he finds immigrant craftsmen gathered—in abundance outside his store in the early morning, waiting for it to open so they can buy supplies for the day's work as contractors. Skilled day laborers, also mostly immigrants, wait quietly in hopes of being hired by the contractors.21Mr. Axelrod also says the recession and persistently high unemployment have forced many people to try to save money by doing more themselves, and Home Depot in response offers classes in fixing water taps and other simple repairs. The teachers are store employees, many of them older and semi. retired from a skilled trade, or laid off."Our customers may not be building cabinets or outdoor decks；we try to do that for them, "Mr. Axelrod says,"but some ale trying to build up skill so they can do more for themselves in these hard times. "1. How did the author feel looking at the scene inside the Home Depot?[A]He felt proud that he was a do-it-yourselfer himself.[B]He was inspired by the way the wares were displayed.[C]He felt troubled about the weakening of American craftsmanship.[D]He was happy to see the return of the do-it-yourself spirit in America.2. What does the author think of mastering tools and working with one's hands?[A]It shapes people's thinking and behavior.[B]It is no longer important—in modem times.[C]It helps politicians connect with workmen.[D]It is essential to advanced manufacturing.3. How did the White House respond to Ford's announcement to bring some production back to America?[A]worried publicly.[B]It felt much relieved.[C]It made no comment.[D]It welcomed the decision.4. How does the author view manufacturing?[A]It encourages craftsmanship.[B]It is vital to national defense.[C]It can change the self-image of workers.[D]It represents the nation's glorious past.5. What do we learn about America's manufacturing in the 1 950s?[A]It generated just 12％of the gross national income.[B]It constituted 28％of the gross domestic product.[C]It was the biggest employer of American workers.[D]It was the most active sector of American economy.6. What does the author say is a factor contributing to the decline in traditional craftsmanship?[A]Automation makes it unnecessary to employ too many skilled workers.[B]People can earn more money in fields other than manufacturing.[C]Many people now tend to look down upon working with hands.[D]Young people no longer look upon skill as an important asset.7. In Ruth Milkman's opinion, many assembly line workers did home renovation and other skilled work in their off-hours inorder to_______.[A]save money[B]relieve boredom[C]regain their dignity[D]improve their living conditions8. Compared with mat in America, the status of craft work in Germany is______________.9. According to Ruth Milkman, American craftsmanship, instead of disappearing, is being taken up by__________.10. According to Mr. Axelrod of Home Depot, people are trying to ride out the recession by______________.Part ⅢListening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation,one or more questions will be asked about what was said~Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.11．[A]She has completely recovered.[B]She Went into shock after an operation.[C]She is still in a critical condition.[D]She getting much better.12．[A]Ordering a breakfast.[B]Booking a hotel room.[C]Buying a train ticket.[D]Fixing a compartment.13. [A]Most borrowers never returned the books to her.[B]The man is the only one who brought her book back.[C]She never expected anyone to return the books to her.[D]Most of the books she lent out came back without jackets.14. [A]She left her work early to get some bargains last Saturday.[B]She attended the supermarket's grand opening ceremony.[C]She drove a fun hour before finding a parking space.[D]She failed to get into the supermarket last Saturday.15．[A]He is bothered by the pain in his neck.[B]He cannot do his report without a computer.[C]He cannot afford to have a coffee break.[D]He feels sorry to have missed the report.l6. [A]Only top art students can show their works in the gallery.[B]The gallery space is big enough for the mail's paintings.[C]The woman would like to help with the exhibition layout.[D]The man is uncertain how his art works will be received.17. [A]The woman needs a temporary replacement for her assistant.[B]The man works in the same department as the woman does.[C]The woman wall have to stay in hospital for a rew days.[D]The man is capable of dealing with difficult people.18．[A]It was better than the previous one.[B]It distorted the mayor's speech.[C]It exaggerated the city's economic problems.[D]It reflected the opinions of most economists.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19．[A]To inform him of a problem they face.[B]To request him to purchase control desks.[C]To discuss the content of a project report.[D]To ask him to fix the dictating machine.20．[A]They quote the best price in the market.[B]They manufacture and sell office furniture.[C]They cannot deliver the steel sheets on time.[D]They cannot produce the steel sheets needed.21．[A]By marking down the unit price.[B]By accepting the penalty clauses.[C]By allowing more time for delivery.[D]By promising better after-sales service.22．[A]Give the customer a ten percent discount.[B]Claim compensation from the steel suppliers.[C]Ask the Buying Department to change suppliers.[D]Cancel the contract With the customer.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23．[A]Stockbroker.[B]Physicist.[C]Mathematician.[D]Economist.24．[A]Improve computer programming.[B]Explain certain natural phenomena.[C]Predict global population growth.[D]Promote national financial health.25．[A]Their different educational backgrounds.[B]Changing attitudes toward nature.[C]Chaos theory and its applications.[D]The current global economic crisis.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A]They lay great emphasis on hard work.[B]They name 150 star engineers each year.[C]They require high academic degrees.[D]They have people with a very high IQ.27. [A]Long years of job training.[B]High emotional intelligence.[C]Distinctive academic qualifications.[D]Devotion to the advance of science.28. [A]Good interpersonal relationships.[B]Rich working experience.[C]Sophisticated equipment.[D]High motivation.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A]A diary. [C]A history textbook.[B]A fairy tale. [D]A biography.30. [A]He was a sports fan. [C]He disliked sch001.[B]He loved adventures. [D]He liked hair. raising stories.31．[A]Encourage people to undertake adventures.[B]Publicize his colorful and unique life stories.[C]Raise people's environmental awareness.[D]Attract people to America's national parks.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. [A]The first infected victim.[B]A coastal village in Africa.[C]The doctor who first identified it.[D]A river running through the Congo.33. [A]They exhibit similar symptoms.[B]They can be treated with the same drug.[C]They have almost the same mortality rate.[D]They have both disappeared for good.34. [A]By inhaling air polluted with the virus.[B]By contacting contaminated body fluids.[C]By drinking water from the Congo River.[D]By eating food grown in Sudan and Zaire35. [A]More strains will evolve from the Ebola virus.[B]Scientists will eventually find cures for Ebola.[C]Another Ebola epidemic may erupt sooner or later.[D]Once infected, one will become immune to Ebola.Section CDirections: In this section,you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for thefirst time,you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time,you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard~For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks,you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally,when the passage is read for the third time,you should check what you have written.The ideal companion machine would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in an agreeable manner. Those (36)___________that make interaction with other people enjoyable would be simulated as closely as possible, and the machine would appear to be (37)_______________, stimulating, and easygoing. Its informal conversational style would make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly (38)_____________ and therefore interesting. In its first (39)_____________it might be somewhat hesitant and unassuming, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more(40)_____________and intimate style. The machine would not be a passive(41)_________________but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions；it would sometimes take the (42) _________________in developing or changing the topic and would have a (43)______________of its own.The machine would convey presence. We have all seen how a computer's use of personal names (44)__________________________________. Such features are easily written into the soft,ware. (45)___________________________________________________.Friendships are not made in a day,and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend (46)___________________________________________________. At an appropriate time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy.Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section,there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the#west possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 5 1 are based on the following passage.The central notion of social learning theories is that people learn attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors through social interaction. The learning is a result of reinforcement, imitation, and modeling.Reinforcement occurs when we receive direct or indirect rewards or punishments for particular gender role behaviors. For example, a little girl who puts on her mother's makeup may be told that she is cute, but her brother who does the same thing will be scolded. Children also learn gender roles through indirect reinforcement. For example, if a little boy's male friends are punished for crying, he will learn that"boys don't cry".Children also learn to behave as boys or girls through observation and imitation. Even when children are not directly rewarded or punished for "behaving like boys"or "behaving like girls", they learn about gender by watching who does what in their families. A father who is rarely at home because he's always working sends the message that men are supposed to earn money. A mother who is always complaining about being overweight or old sends the message that women are supposed to be thin and young.Because parents are emotionally important to their children, they are typically a child's mostpowerful role models. Other role models include caregivers, teachers, friends, and celebrities. According to a multiethnic study of Los Angeles adolescents, teenagers who said that their role model was someone they knew, e. g. a parent, relative, friend, or doctor outside the family, had higher self-esteem, higher grades, and lower substance use than peers whose role models were sports figures, singers, or other media characters. The researchers concluded that role model selection can have a positive or negative outcome on a teenager's psychosocial development.Social learning theories contribute to our understanding of why we behave as we do, but much of the emphasis is on early socialization rather than on what occurs throughout life. Thus, these theories don't explain why gender roles can change in adulthood or later life. Social learning theories also don't explain why reinforcement and modeling work for some children but not others, especially those in the same family and even identical twins.47. According to social learning theories, social interaction is a means by which people acquire_________________.48. We learn from Paragraph 2 that reinforcement, whether direct or indirect, can help increase children' s awareness of_________________.49. At home, children usually learn about gender differences by_______________their parents' behavior.50. Regarding gender role building, social learning theories attach greater importance to socialization in one's childhood than in their_________________.51. There are a few aspects about gender role formation which social learning theories fail to_________________.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.The report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics was just as gloomy as anticipated. Unemployment in January jumped to a 16-year high of 7.6 percent, as 598, 000 jobs were slashed from U. S. payrolls in the worst single-month decline since December, 1974. With 1.8 million jobs lost in the last three months, there is urgent desire to boost the economy as quickly as possible. But Washington would do well to take a deep breath before reacting to the grim numbers.Collectively, we rely on the unemployment figures and other statistics to frame our sense of reality. They are a vital part of an array of data that we use to assess if we're doing well or doing badly, and that in tum shapes government policies and corporate budgets and personal spending decisions. The problem is that the statistics aren't an objective measure of reality；they are simply a best approximation. Directionally, they capture the trends, but the idea that we know precisely how many are unemployed is a myth. That makes finding a solution all the more difficult.First, there is the way the data is assembled. The official unemployment rate is the product of a telephone survey of about 60, 000 homes. There is another survey, sometimes referred to as the"payroll survey, "that assesses 400, 000 businesses based on their reported payrolls. Both surveys have problems. The payroll survey can easily double-count someone: if you are one person with two jobs, you show up as two workers. The payroll survey also doesn't capture thenumber of self-employed,and so says little about how many people are generating an independent income.The household survey has a larger problem. When asked straightforwardly. people tend to lie or shade the truth when the subject is sex, money or employment. If you get a call and are asked if you're employed, and you say yes, you're employed. If you say no, however, it may surprise you to learn mat you are only unemployed it you've been actively looking tor work in the past four weeks: otherwise, you are"marginally attached to the labor force"and not actually unemployed.The urge to quantify is embedded in our society. But the idea that statisticians can then capture an objective reality isn't just impossible. It also leads to serious misjudgments. Democrats and Republicans can and will take sides on a number of issues, but a more crucial concern is that both are basing major policy decisions on guesstimates rather than looking at the vast wealth of raw data with a critical eye and an open mind.52. What do we learn from the first paragraph?[A]The U. S. economic situation is going from bad to worse.[B]Washington is taking drastic measures to provide more j obs.[C]The U. S. government is slashing more jobs from its payrolls.[D]The recent economic crisis has taken the U. S. by surprise.53. What does the author think of the unemployment figures and other statistics?[A]They form a solid basis for policy making.[B]They represent the current situation.[C]They signal future economic trends.[D]They do not fully reflect the reality.54. One problem with the payroll survey is that________________.[A]it does not include all the businesses[B]it fails to count in the self-employed[C]it magnifies the number of the jobless[D]it does not treat all companies equally55. The household survey can be faulty in that_________________.[A]people tend to lie when talking on the phone[B]not everybody is willing or ready to respond[C]some people won't provide truthful information[D]the definition of unemployment is too broad56. At the end of the passage, the author suggests that_____________.[A]statisticians improve their data assembling methods[B]decision makers view the statistics with a critical eye[C]politicians listen more before making policy decisions[D]Democrats and Republicans cooperate on crucial issuesPassage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.At some point in 2008, someone, probably in either Asia or Africa, made the decision to move from the countryside to the city. This nameless person pushed the human race over a historic threshold, for it was in that year that mankind became, for the first time in its history,a predominantly urban species.It is a trend that shows no sign of slowing. Demographers(人口统计学家)reckon that three.quarters of humanity could be city-dwelling by 2050, with most of the increase coming in the fast—growing towns of Asia and Africa. Migrants to cities are attracted by plentiful jobs, access to hospitals and education, and the ability to escape the boredom of a farmer's agricultural life. Those factors are more than enough to make up for the squalor(肮脏), disease and spectacular poverty that those same migrants must often at first endure when they become urban dwellers.It is the city that inspires the latest book from Peter Smith. His main thesis is that the buzz of urban life, and the opportunities it offers for co-operation and collaboration, is what attracts people to the city, which in turn makes cities into the engines of art,commerce, science and progress. This is hardly revolutionary,but it is presented in a charming format. Mr Smith has written a breezy guidebook,with a series of short chapters dedicated to specific aspects of urbanity-parks, say,or the various schemes that have been put forward over the years for building the perfect city. The result is a sort of high-quality, unusually rigorous coffee—table book,designed to be dipped into rather than read from beginning to end.In the chapter on skyscrapers, for example, Mr Smith touches on construction methods, the revolutionary invention of the automatic lift, the practicalities of living in the sky and the likelihood that, as cities become more crowded, apartment living will become the norm. But there is also time for brief diversions onto bizarre ground, such as a discussion of the skyscraper index(which holds that a boom in skyscraper construction is a foolproof sign of an imminent recession).One obvious criticism is that the price of breadth is depth；many Of Mr Smith's essays raise as many questions as they answer. Although that can indeed be frustrating, this is probably the only way to treat so grand a topic. The city is the building block of civilization and of almost everything people do；a guidebook to the city is really, therefore, a guidebook to how a large and ever. growing chunk of humanity chooses to live. Mr Smith's book serves as an excellent introduction to a vast subject, and will suggest plenty of further lines of inquiry.57. In what way is the year 2008 historic?[A]For the first time in history, urban people outnumbered rural people.[B]An influential figure decided to move from the countryside to the city.[C]It is in this year that urbanization made a start in Asia and Africa.[D]The population increase in cities reached a new peak in Asia and Africa.58. What does the author say about urbanization?[A]Its impact is not easy to predict.[B]Its process will not slow down.[C]It is a milestone in human progress.[D]It aggravates the squalor of cities.59. How does the author comment on Peter Smith's new book?[A]It is but an ordinary coffee. table book.[B]It is flavored with humorous stories.[C]It serves as a guide to arts and commerce.[D]It is written in a lively and interesting style.60. What does the author say in the chapter on skyscrapers?[A]The automatic lift is indispensable in skyscrapers.[B]People enjoy living in skyscrapers with a view.[C]Skyscrapers are a sure sign of a city's prosperity.。
2013年六月英语四级真题作文
2013年六月英语四级真题作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Unfortunately, I do not have access to specific past exams, such as the 2013 June English Level 4 exam.However, I can provide you with a sample essay based on a typical English Level 4 exam prompt. Here is an example essay:Title: The Impact of Technology on EducationTechnology has become an integral part of our lives, revolutionizing the way we communicate, work, and learn. In the field of education, technology has brought about significant changes, both positive and negative. This essay will discuss the impact of technology on education.On the positive side, technology has made education more accessible and convenient. The internet has enabled students to access a vast amount of information at their fingertips, allowing them to conduct research and study at their own pace. Online learning platforms have also made education more flexible, allowing students to learn from anywhere in the world. Additionally, technology has enhanced the learning experiencewith interactive multimedia resources, such as videos, simulations, and virtual reality.Furthermore, technology has improved communication between students and teachers. With the use of emails, messaging apps, and video conferencing, students can easily contact their teachers for help and feedback. Teachers can also use technology to create online forums and discussion boards, where students can collaborate and share ideas outside of the classroom.However, technology has also brought challenges to education. The overreliance on technology has led to a decrease in face-to-face interaction and social skills among students. Furthermore, the abundance of information on the internet has made it difficult for students to distinguish between credible sources and misinformation. Additionally, the use of technology in classrooms has raised concerns about privacy and security, as students' personal information can be at risk of being compromised.In conclusion, technology has had a profound impact on education, bringing both benefits and challenges. It is important for educators to embrace technology while also being mindful of its limitations. By striking a balance between traditional teachingmethods and modern technology, we can ensure that students receive a well-rounded education that prepares them for success in the digital age.篇2In June 2013, the English Proficiency Test (CET-4) for college students in China was held. This year’s test consisted of writing an essay as part of the exam. The essay topic was "The Impact of Social Media on Society".In recent years, social media has become an integral part of people's daily lives. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, share information, and connect with others. However, it has also brought about a myriad of challenges and changes to society.One of the most significant impacts of social media on society is the way it has transformed communication. With platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, people can now communicate with others from around the world instantly. This has made the world a smaller place and has enabled people to connect in ways that were previously impossible.Another impact of social media is the way it has changed the way we consume information. With the rise of platforms likeYouTube and TikTok, people can now access news and information in real-time. This has changed the way we consume news and has made it easier for people to stay informed about current events.Social media has also had a significant impact on society in terms of activism and social movements. Platforms like Twitter have been instrumental in organizing protests and social movements around the world. From the Arab Spring to the Black Lives Matter movement, social media has played a crucial role in mobilizing people and raising awareness about important social issues.However, social media has also brought about its own set of challenges. One of the biggest concerns is the impact of social media on mental health. Studies have shown that excessive use of social media can lead to feelings of isolation, anxiety, and depression. It has also been linked to cyberbullying and other forms of online harassment.In conclusion, social media has had a profound impact on society in both positive and negative ways. While it has revolutionized communication and connected people in ways we never thought possible, it has also brought about challenges and changes that we must address. It is important for us to use socialmedia responsibly and to be aware of its impact on our lives and society as a whole.篇32013年六月英语四级写作题目为“Is Money a Good Motivator?（金钱是一种好的激励因素吗？）”，下面是2013年六月英语四级真题作文的范文：Is Money a Good Motivator?Money has always been a powerful motivator for people. It is a means for obtaining material possessions and achieving financial security. However, the question remains: Is money a good motivator?On the one hand, money can be a powerful incentive for individuals to work harder and strive for success. The desire for financial gain can push people to set and achieve goals, leading to increased productivity and success in their careers. Incentives such as bonuses, raises, and promotions based on performance can motivate employees to work harder and contribute more to their companies. Money can also be a key factor in attracting and retaining talented individuals, as companies that offer competitive salaries and benefits are often more successful in recruiting and retaining top talent.On the other hand, money is not always the best motivator. Research has shown that intrinsic motivation, or the desire to perform a task for its own sake, is often more effective than extrinsic motivation, such as money. People who are intrinsically motivated are more likely to be engaged in their work, more satisfied with their jobs, and more likely to achieve long-term success. In addition, focusing solely on money as a motivator can lead to negative consequences, such as unethical behavior, burnout, and decreased job satisfaction. When money becomes the primary focus, individuals may lose sight of other important factors, such as personal growth, job satisfaction, and work-life balance.In conclusion, while money can be a powerful motivator for some individuals, it is not always the best or most effective motivator. Intrinsic motivation, or the desire to perform a task for its own sake, can often lead to greater job satisfaction, long-term success, and personal fulfillment. Companies should strive to create a work environment that promotes intrinsic motivation, while also providing competitive salaries and benefits to attract and retain top talent. Ultimately, a balance between intrinsic and extrinsic motivators is key to creating a motivated and engaged workforce.。
2013年6月新英语四级作文题及范文
题目：The Power of Perseverance in theFace of ChallengesIn the journey of life, we are constantly confronted with various challenges that test our resolve and perseverance. The ability to persevere in the face of adversity is what separates the successful from the ordinary. This essay explores the significance of perseverance and how it can transform our lives, drawing inspiration from the experiences of renowned individuals who have overcome insurmountable obstacles.Perseverance is the steadfastness in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success. It is the silent warrior that fights silently within us, urging us to rise above our challenges and achieve our goals. Be it a student striving to excel academically, an athlete training for a marathon, or an entrepreneur building a startup from scratch, perseverance is the common denominator that links their success stories.One such individual who epitomizes perseverance is Thomas Edison, the inventor of the light bulb. He encountered numerous failures and setbacks during hisexperiments, but he never gave up. Instead, he persevered, learning from his mistakes, and ultimately succeeded in inventing the light bulb that revolutionized the world. Edison's story teaches us that success is not final,failure is not fatal: It is the courage to continue that counts.Similarly, sportspersons exhibit remarkable perseverance in their training and competitions. Roger Federer, the tennis legend, has achieved numerous GrandSlam titles throughout his career. However, his journey to the top was not without its challenges. Federer persevered through injuries, setbacks, and intense training sessionsto become one of the greatest tennis players of all time. His story reminds us that with perseverance, no dream istoo big, and no goal is unreachable.In the realm of entrepreneurship, perseverance isequally crucial. Elon Musk, the founder of Tesla and SpaceX, is a testament to this. Musk has faced numerous challenges and setbacks in his entrepreneurial journey, but he has never given up. His perseverance has enabled him to overcome these obstacles and bring innovative technologiesto the world, such as electric cars and reusable rockets. Musk's story inspires us to believe that with perseverance, we can turn our ideas into reality and make a positive impact on society.Moreover, perseverance is not just about achieving our goals; it is also about the journey we take to get there. The process of persevering teaches us resilience, adaptability, and the importance of hard work. It shapes our character and helps us grow as individuals. The challenges we overcome in the process become our greatest strengths, and the lessons we learn become invaluable assets in our lives.In conclusion, perseverance is the key to unlocking our full potential and achieving our dreams. It is theinvisible force that propels us forward, despite the obstacles we encounter. The stories of Edison, Federer, and Musk demonstrate the power of perseverance and inspire us to persevere in our own lives. Let us embrace the challenges that come our way, learn from our mistakes, and never give up on our dreams. With perseverance, we canovercome any obstacle and achieve anything we set our minds to.**坚持的力量：面对挑战的不屈不挠**在人生的旅途中，我们不断面临各种挑战，考验我们的决心和毅力。
2013年6月英语四级作文题目及范文解析汇总
【作文(一)】图画作文：一屋不扫何以扫天下We cansee clearly from the cartoon there is a father talking with her son. Havingheard his son’s words that “Dad, I am a bit worried about disposing of nuclearweapon.”The father replies that “If you can empty the dustbin here, you cando anything”.The importance of doing small thingsFrom the carton, we can clearly see that the boy is worried about disposing of nuclear waste, while his father tells him to empty the dustbin first. This carton reminds me of a Chinese saying: If you don't clean the room(solve your problems), then how can you control the world. However,most people always attach great importance to something big, but neglect small things.In my opinion, it is necessary and important to do small things. On the one hand, doing small things well helps us to develop good habits, which set a good foundation for our future development. There is no doubt that one of the greatest differences between success and failure is the importance placed on little things. On the other hand, the big is the little. If something needs to be done, it is big. No matter what kinds of task, if it is worth doing, it can be big.Taking all these into account, we can easily notice that it is reasonable to do small things before big ones. So before doing important things, let’s empty our dustbin first!【作文(二)】图画作文：大学生在校从商,创业,好不好?是学业重要,还是社会经历重要?For this part,you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of learning basic skills.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.The importance of learning basic skillsIn the face of various and complicated requirements of employment market, some students begin to question the significance of learning basic knowledge and skills, just as what is exposed in the cartoon above.However, it is absolutely wrong to hold that idea. Owing to the fact that we are living in a competitive society, the development of our society demands that we arm ourselves with basic skills and up-to-date knowledge so as to keep up with the pace of our society. An investigation shows that millions of people spend time and energy grasping skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market or enhance their opportunities. While focusing on creativity, innovation, management and leadership skills, we should never forget the fundamental importance of the more basic, essential skills.It is universally known that opportunity is important, but you could do nothing with it if you are not equipped with competitive forces, such basic reading and calculating skills, to seize it.【作文(三)】图画作文：The Importance of Reading LiteratureThe Importance of Reading LiteratureLiterature is acknowledged as the most precious product of human civilization and wisdom, especially by our teachers. So they always ask their students to read as many as literary works. Just as the drawing shown above, a teacher gives a literary work to her student, saying: “Just think of it as if you’re reading a long text-message.”It is of great significance for us to appreciate literature due to the following reasons. Firstly, a good literature can get you to know a life experience through the eyes of someone other than yourself. The more experience you gain, the more knowledgeable you are. Secondly, a good literature allows you to learn about history in a personalized way. The stories told in the works can act as mirrors and help you adjust your own behaviors. Lastly, a good literature is an effective way for relaxation. The beautiful and moving scenes shown in the literature are helpful for one’s mental health.In short, literature is indispensable in our life. We, students, should catch our time to read more literatures.。