英国与爱尔兰

Understanding UK & IrelandChapter 9 A General Survey of UKI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1. The official name of UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.___2. The longest river in Britain is River Thames.___3. On the island of Great Britain, there are four political divisions—England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.___4. The United Kingdom consist of two main islands—Great Britain and Ireland. II. Multiple Choices5. The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of _____ crosses.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four6. Which flower is symbol of England?A. ThistleB. ShamrockC. DaffodilD. Rose7. About two thirds of ____is covered by the Highlands.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern IrelandIII. Match each of the following capitals with its island8. Scotland a) Belfast9. Wales b) Cardiff10.Northern Ireland c) EdinburghIV. Answer the Following Questions11. What are the four regions of Britain?12. What kind of geographical position does Britain have?13. Which places in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland ？14. Does Britain have a favorable climate?15. What are the factor s which influence the climate in Britain? Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest?Chapter 10Geography & History of UKSection 1 GeographyI. Decide w hether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1. To the west of Great Britain is the second largest island known as Scotland.___2. London, the capital of the UK, is situated on the Severn River near its mouth. ___3. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. They are England，Scotland and Wales.II. Multiple Choices4. The British Isles are made up of______.A. two large islands and hundreds of small onesB. two large islands and Northern IrelandC. three large islands and hundreds of small onesD. three large islands and Northern Ireland5. The largest lake in Britain is ______.A. Loch LomondB. the Lough NeaghC. WindermereD. Ullswater6. Britain’s climate is influenced by ______ that sweeps up from the equator and flows past the British Isles.A. the Gulf StreamB. the Brazil CurrentC. the Labrador CurrentD. the Falkland current7. The second largest city in England, _____ , is a metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city.A. EdinburghB. BelfastC. GlasgowD. Birmingham8. _____ is England’s biggest naval base.A. PortsmouthB. SouthamptonC. PlymouthD. Dover9. Which is the largest city in Scotland?A. CardiffB. EdinburghC. GlasgowD. Manchester10. Britain has, for centuries, been slowly tilting with _____.A. the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinkingB. the North-East slowly rising and the South-West slowly sinkingC. the South-East slowly rising and the North-west slowly sinkingD. the South-West slowly rising and the North-East slowly sinkingSection 2 HistoryI. Decide whether the following statements are t rue or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1. It was the Angles who gave their name to England and the English people.___2. The Anglo-Saxon Conquest was important in English history because it laid the foundation on which the English nation was to be formed.___3. The Great Charter was signed in 1215 by King John.___4. Henry VII was responsible for the founding of the C hurch of England.___5. Britain was the first country to start the Industrial Revolution which contributed to the establishment of the British Empire.II. Multiple Choices6. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from___ .A. FranceB. DenmarkC. IrelandD. Germany7. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC____?A. Emperor ClaudiusB. Julius CaesarC. King AlfredD. King Ethelred8. The Chartist Movement was officially launched at a great m eeting in Birmingham in__ , with the aim of pressing the Parliament to accept the People’s Charter.A. 1836B. 1838C. 1840D. 18429. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in ____.A. 200B.C. B. 55 B.C. C. 55 A.D. D. 410 A.D10. When did the Hundred Years’ War start?A. 1733B. 1453C. 1337D. 1357Chapter ExercisesI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1. The official name of UK is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and NorthernIreland.___2. The longest river in Britain is River Thames.___3. On the island of Great Britain, there are four political divisions—England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland___4. The UK lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe.___5. British recorded history begins with the Norman invasion.II. Multiple Choices6. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called ____.A. Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdonD. Scafell7. The Lake District is famous for ___.A. its wild and beautiful sceneryB. its varied lakesC. the Lake PoetsD. all of the above8. The first known settlers of Britain were _______.A. the JutesB. the CeltsC. the SaxonsD. the Iberians9. .The objective of the Chartist Movement was democratic rights for all men, and it took its name from____.A. the Bill of RightsB. the Agreement of the PeopleC. the People’s CharterD. the Great Charter10. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC____.A. Emperor ClaudiusB. Julius CaesarC. King AlfredD. King Ethelred III. Gap-filling11. The total area of Britain is about____ square kilometers.12. Britain is separated from the European continent by ______ and_____________.13. The capital of the Scotland is (1) ________, the capital of Wales is___ and the capital of Northern Ireland is (2) ________.14.________ is the largest and most populous of the three political divisions on the island of Great Britain.15. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ________ modified and improved the design in 1765.IV. Terms Explanation16. The Hundred Years' War 17. The Lowland Zone18. Norman Conquest of 1066 19. Industrial Revolution20. The Chartist MovementChapter 11Political System & National Economy of UKSection 1 Political SystemI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the spa ce provided.___1. The United Kingdom is a federal, not a unitary state.___2. Members of Parliament (MPs) are those who inherit the noble titles.___3. In Britain, changes of government do not involve changes in departmental staff, who continue to carry out their duties whichever party is in power.___4. The Labor Party has always had strong links with the trade unions and receivedfinancial support from them.___5. Prime Minister is the leader of the British government.II. Multiple Choices6. The House of Commons consists of ______ Members of Parliament.A 651 B. 1,200 C. 1,198 D. 7637. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in the ______.A the House of Lords B. the House of CommonsC. the Privy CouncilD. the Shadow Cabinet8. In Britain the succession order of the Crown can be altered only by common consent of _____.A. all members of the royal familyB. the House of Lords and the House of CommonsC. cabinet and ministryD. the countries of the Commonwealth9. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _____ has very little power.A. queenB. monarchC. prime ministerD. kingIII. Match the following items1) England has existed as a unified entity since the ________ century.2) The most important part of the English constitution is the Magna Charta, or Great Charter, sealed by _______in 1215.3) In 1994 the Labor Party elected Tony Blair, a young lawyer, as its leader.a) King John c) James II d) the Labor Party e)10th f) 11thSection 2 National EconomyI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1. Mrs. Thatcher's government took numerous measures to improve the efficiency of the economy during the past decade, using both macroeconomic and microeconomic policies.___2. Today, in Britain, iron and steel is called a “sick” industry.___3. There are steady development in the 50s and 60s, economic recession in the 70s and economic recovery in the 80s.II. Multiple Choices4. Traditional British farming involved__, which dated back to the 5th century.A. the open field systemB. the system of crop rotationC. the use of artificial fertilizerD. the use of new agricultural machinery5. In the 1970s, oil was discovered in___, but the revenue from oil did not create an economic miracle for Britain.A. the English ChannelB. the Irish SeaC. the St. George SeaD. the North Sea6. Local authorities in Great Britain raise revenue through___.A. the income taxB. the council taxC. the capital receiptsD. personal contribution7. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950，and 1960s was based on the theory of_______.A. Adam SmithB. John M. KeynesC. Margaret ThatcherD. Karl Marx8. Under Margaret Thatcher’s administration, Britain experienced _________.A. economic recessionB. economic expansionC. economic declineD. economic depression9. In Britain only about ____ of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land area.A. 2%B. 3%C. 4%D. 5%III. Match the following items1) The two important crops in Britain are ____.2) ____is now often referred to as the “Silicon Glen”.3) In the early 2000s Britain’s levels of inflation and unemployment remained among the lowest in the European Union.a) wheat and rice b) wheat and barleyc）the area between London and South Walesd）the area between Glasgow and Edinburgh in Scotlande) lowest f) highestChapter ExercisesI. Gap-filling1. The British were the ______ in the world to enter the Industrial Revolution.2. The main textile producing regions of Britain are _____,____,____,and_____.3. An industrial complex in suburban Glasgow dubbed _______is the center of Scotland’s thriving technology industry.4. Historically, the financial services industry has been based in the City of______ in an area called the Square Mile.5. The Bank of England, chartered in 1694, was ______in 1946 and is the only bank that issues banknotes in England and Wales.6. The predecessor of the English parliament is________.7. There are _______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain.8. In the UK, the party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House becomes _______, with is one leader, and forms a ________.9.____________were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.10. In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ___________ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.III. Terms Explanation1. Constitutional monarchy2. Primogeniture3. First past the post4. The Conservative Party and the Labor Party5. High Street BanksIV．Answer the Following Questions16. What is a general election?17. What is the supreme legislative authority in Britain? What does it consists of?18. What are the three areas in Britain which have seen some high-tech industrial growth?19. What is the British government’s role in the economy?20. How did the structure of British industry change in the last half of the 20th century?Chapter 12 Society & Culture of UKSection 1British people & their Ways of LifeI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1. It is customary to leave a 10% tip when eating in restaurants for good service (but not in fast food restaurants such as McDonalds.)___2. Britain is home of the world's largest foreign exchange market and the world's richest football club—Manchester United.___3. The once typical British family headed by two parents has undergone substantial changes during the nineteenth century.___4. Marriage is legal at age 18 in Britain.II. Multiple Choices5. What is the most popular type of home in England?A .semi-detached B. detached C .flat D .terraced6. Which of the following is not included in the most common and typical foods eaten in Britain?A. sandwichB. fishC. chipsD. Pisa7. When does the world's most famous tennis tournament Wimbledon begin?A. on the nearest Friday to June 22B. on the nearest Monday to June 22C. on the nearest Tuesday to June 22D. on the nearest Saturday to June 22 III. Match the following items8. When you are invited to dinner, ten minutes _____ is excellent.9. ________ is undoubtedly the most popular sport in England.10. In England, People usually ______ when first introduced.a) Football b) Horseracing c) late d) shake handse) kiss each other lightly on one cheekSection 2 Holidays and Special DaysI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1. Banks are not allowed to operate on bank holidays.___2. Each part of the United Kingdom has the same Saint's Day.___3. There are currently 8 permanent bank and public holidays in England, Wales and Scotland, and 10 in Northern Ireland.II. Multiple Choices4. In England, Wales & Ireland, both Christmas Day and _____Good Friday were traditional 'days of rest'.A. New Year's DayB. Easter MondayC. Good FridayD. May Day5. England's National Day is ____.A. St George's Day, 1 MarchB. St George's Day, 23 AprilC. New Year's Day. 1 JanD. Christmas, 25 Dec6. In England, Wales, parts of Canada, and in some other countries of the Commonwealth of Nations, ____ is a popular term applied to December 26, the day following Christmas Day.A. EasterB. LentC. Boxing DayD. Remembrance DayIII. Match each of the following parts with its Saint’s Day.7. England a) St. David8. Scotland b) St Patrick9. Wales c) St. George10. Northern Ireland d) St. AndrewSection 3 EducationI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._____1. Education in Britain is compulsory for children aged from 5 to 16._____2. Like all British universities, Buckingham University is also partially funded by central government grants._____3.Public schools are mainly financed by fees paid by parents._____4. Boarding private schools, such as Eton College, Harrow School are open to all in Britain and a large percentage of population can attend the schools.II. Multiple Choices5. Which one is not considered as the most famous boarding private schools in Britain?A. Eton CollegeB. Harrow SchoolC. Woodland Junior SchoolD. Rugby School6. Normally, it will take _______ years to get an undergraduate degreeA. 3B. 4C. 5D. 27. Which of the following statements is not true about the comprehensive schools?A. They are only taken students with good academic abilities.B. They provide a large range of secondary education.C. they are founded in 1960s and 1970s.D. Most grammar schools were replaced by comprehensive schools.III. Match the following items8. Oxbridge 9. public schools 10. polytechnicsa)Universities dedicated to the sciences and applied technology b)Ivy Leagued) state schools e)private schools that charge attendance feesf) Oxford and CambridgeSection 4 British LiteratureI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided._____1. Spencer is regarded as the father of modern English poetry._____2. One of Milton’s major poetic works is Paradise Lost ._____3. The majority of traditional English poems were written in iambic pentameter. _____4.The Victorian Age is most famous for its essays.II. Multiple Choices5. What is the essence of the Renaissance?A .PoetryB .DramaC .HumanismD .Reason6. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!” is an epigrammatic line by _____.A. J. KeatsB. W. BlakeC. W. WordsworthD. P. B. Shelley7. Among the following poets, _____ doesn’t belong to the Victorian Poets.A. T. S. EliotB. Alfred TennysonC. Robert BrowningD. Matthew Arnold III. Match the following writers with their works1) Virginia Woolf 2) Geoffrey Chaucer 3) Charles Dickensa) The Canterbury Tales b) Mrs. Dalloway c) Othello d) David Copperfield e) I Wandered Lonely as a CloudIV. Gap-filling8._____________ is the most popular literary form in the medieval period.9. The Romantic Movement appeared on the literary arena of England from the publication of _____________ by Wordsworth and _____________ in 1798 to the death of _____________ in 1832. The literary form which is the most flourishing during the Romantic Period is _________.10. Samuel Richardson was the master of writing _____________ novels and the first novelist of ____________ tradition. His novels have a ___________, trying to inculcate virtue and good deportment. _________ was his best novel.11. W. M. Thackeray was another representative of _________ in 19th England. In 1847 he published his masterpiece _________________ with a subtitle “________________________”.12. ____________________________ are considered as Shakespeare's four greatest tragedies.V. Terms Explanation1. Spenserian stanza2. Stream of ConsciousnessChapter 13Understanding IrelandSection 1 A General Survey of IrelandI. Decide whether the following statements a re true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for fal se in the space provided._ _1. Most people in the Republic of Ireland are Protestant, and the rest are Roman Catholics._ _2. Dublin is the largest city of the Republic of Ireland, and also the larges t city on the island of Ireland.___3. "Urban Dublin" includes not only Dublin City, but also the contiguous suburban areas that run into the adjacent counties of Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown, Fingal and South Dublin.II. Multiple Choices4. The reason why Ireland is known as the "Emerald Isle" is because of _________.A. its connection with BritainB. its green sceneryC. its abundant natural resourcesD. its unique shape5. What are the two official languages in Ireland?A. Irish and GaelicB. English and Ulster-ScotsC. English and GaelicD. Irish and Ullans6. What are the three colors that constitute the Republic of Ireland's national flag?A. orange, white and greenB. orange, green and blueC. white, green and redD. white, blue and green7. Who made harp the official symbol of colonial Ireland in the 16th century?A．Queen Victoria of England B. Queen Elisabeth I of EnglandC. King Henry VII of EnglandD. King Henry VIII of EnglandIII. Match the following items8. the largest religious group in Ireland9. the religious group that belongs to the Protestant10. the religious group that is against war and centralization of government powera) the Church of Ireland b) Jehovah's Witnesses d) Roman Catholicse) Orthodox f ) JewsSection 2 Geography & History of IrelandI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1. Ireland is on the western fringe of Europe and it stretched from Malin Head in the south to Mizen Head in the north___2. The River Shannon is the longest river in both Ireland and Britain, and has influenced the military, social and economic history of Ireland.___3. In 1459 Henry VII extended English law over the entirety of Ireland, and assumed supremacy over the existing Irish parliament.II. Multiple Choices4. What caused the death of over 1 million lives and the departure of a further 1 million people in Ireland in the 1840s?A. the war against EnglandB. political unrestC. the Great FamineD. the harsh weather5. What are the names of the two largest islands along the western coast of Ireland?A. the Achill and Dundalk IslandB. the Achill and the Aran IslandC. the Dundalk and Dublin IslandD. the Dundalk and the Aran Island6. Which of the following word can be used to describe the outstanding feature of the Irish weather?A. changeableB. humidC. sunnyD. dry7. What is the most valuable natural resource in Ireland?A．zinc and lead B. gypsum and alumina C. peat and bogs D. its lowland soils II. Multiple Choices8. the highest mountain in Ireland9.the principal mountain ranges in the south of Dublin10.the mountain in the far southwest in County Kerrya) Wicklow Mountains b) Carrauntoohilc) Macgillycuddy's Reeks d) CaherSection 3Political System & National Economy of IrelandI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1.In the Republic of Ireland, the Uachtarán is the head of government and of a multi-party system and the Taoiseach is the head of state.___2. Dublin, the capital the Republic of Ireland, was ranked 16th in a worldwide cost of living survey in 2006.___3. The monetary unit of Ireland is the single currency of the European Union(EU), the Euro. Ireland was among the first group of EU member states to adopt the Euro. II. Multiple Choices4. What are the two opposed and competing Parties that dominated the Republic of Ireland?A. Fianna Fáil and Seanad ÉireannB. Fianna Fáil and Fine GaelC. Dáil Éireann and Seanad ÉireannD. Dáil Éireann and Fine Gael5. The presidency is open to all Irish citizens who are at least____ years old.A. 30B. 36C. 40D. 356. What is the name of the parliament of the Republic of Ireland?A. Dáil ÉireannB. Seanad ÉireannC. OireachtasD. Fine Gael7. The prime minister is appointed by________, after being nominated by the lower house of parliament.A．the President B. the Senate C. the Oireachtas D. the Council of StateIII. Match the following items8. Mary Patricia McAleese 9. Bertie Ahern 10. Brian Cowena) the tenth Prime Minister b) the head of Irish Supreme Courtc) the current Deputy Prime Minister of Irelandd) the eighth, and current, President of Irelande)the present Vice-President f) the head of the High CourtSection 4 Society and Culture of IrelandI. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for true and “F” for false in the space provided.___1. Ireland’s population is predominantly of Irish origin, but ancient tribes had inhabited Ireland for thousands of years when Celtic peoples settled the island in the 4th century BC.___2. In the 1960s and 1970s emigration in Ireland increased sharply because people wanted to seek employment and better lives in foreign countries.___3. In Ireland, most weddings are performed in a church, but a minority is also performed in a registry office.II. Multiple Choices4. Ireland also has a small indigenous minority known as ______.A. CelticB. TravelersC. NormansD. Vikings5. Since 1991, how many women presidents have the Irish elected?A. twoB. ThreeC. fourD. none6. What is not included in the renowned local stout varieties in Ireland?A. GuinnessB. BeamishC. MurphyD. whiskey7. What are the two popular national sports in Ireland?A. Irish soccer and hockeyB. Gaelic rugby and sailingC. Gaelic football and hurlingD. Irish cycling and golfIII. Match the following items8. Céad míle fáilte 9. Dia dhuit 10.Slán agus beannachta) Go safely, and blessings be with you b) Go safelyc) A hundred thousand welcomes d) How's it goinge) God be with you f) How are you?Chapter ExercisesI. Gap-filling1. Ireland means "Eire land". Eire is the Irish name for the country and is believed to mean "_________".2. Originally founded as a centre for the Viking slave trade, Dublin has been Ireland's capital city since ________ times.3. In 432, St. Patrick arrives in Ireland and confronts King Laoghaire who allows him to spread the word of ________ in Ireland.4. In 1914, the implementation of _______ is postponed because of the outbreak of World War I.5. The state operates under the Constitution of Ireland, adopted in 1937. The constitution may only be amended by ________.6. The population within the administrative area controlled by Dublin City Council was 505,739 at the census of 2006. A person from Dublin is known as a ________ or a Dub. ________ is the country’s second larg est city and major port. English is the main language used in Ireland (spoken with an Irish accent). The traditional ________ language is spoken mainly in areas along the west coast of Ireland. The major religions of Ireland are Roman Catholic and _________. The Republic of Ireland's flag is made of three equal-sized rectangles of orange, white, and green. The green color on the flag represents the native people of Ireland, most are _________.7. Two popular national sports in Ireland probably are: _________ and _________, both strictly _________ sports. _________ has become a particularly popular spectator sport in the 1990s. Besides, _________, sailing, cycling, golf, and _________ racing are also favorite activities.8. Major public holidays observed in the Republic of Ireland include: New Year's Day, St Patrick's Day, Easter Monday, Labor Day/May Day and Christmas Day, among which _________ honors the patron saint of Ireland and _________ was newly introduced in _________.9. The Republic of Ireland's education system is quite similar to that of most other western countries. There are three distinct levels of education in Ireland: ________, ________ and ________.10. Ireland's most widely-known literary works are undoubtedly in English. Particularly famous examples of such works are those of James Joyce, Oscar Wilde, and Ireland's four winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature: ________, ________, ________ and ________.II. Terms Explanation1. The River Shannon2. The Irish Free State3. Shamrock4. George Bernard Shaw5. The Supreme CourtIII. Answer the Following Questions1. What kind of holiday is St Patrick's Day?2. What is the origin of the Irish national anthem “The Soldier's Song”?3. What is “the Potato Famine”?4. What do Protestant groups in Ireland include?5. How much do you know about James Joyce?。