外研版八年级英语下册 Module 4 Unit 2 教学设计 教案

Module 4 Seeing the doctorUnit 2 We have played football for a year now.【教材分析】Module 4的主要内容为运用现在完成时来描述自己和他人的经历,例如看病经历、运动经历等。

从全书来看,本模块承接上一模块对现在完成时的学习和运用,内容有层次的展开,学生容易接受。

【教学目标】Knowledge objective:Key vocabulary —well, heart, active, pet, member, condition, sleepy, then, weak, illness, exercise, awful, perhapsKey structures—take part in, in excellent condition, feel awful, all overAbility objective:To get information about exercise activities.To master the present perfect tense.Moral objective:To know more about other person’s problems and give some advice to others.【教学重点】1. To learn some expressions in the passage.2. To learn the present perfect tense.【教学难点】1. To get information from the article.2. The use of “for” and “since” phrases.【教学方法】PWP method, task-based method【教学手段】A tape recorder, multimedia and some pictures【教学过程】Teaching Procedures:Step 1 Warming upLook at the pictures and answer the questions.1) What are they doing while they are watching TV?2) Is eating food while watching TV healthy?3) Playing volleyball often is healthy, isn’t it?4) How does he go to work every day?5) Is going to work by bike every day healthy?6) What do you do to keep healthy?Step 2 Consolidate new wordsLook and say.The teachers shows the pictures of new words and let the students to say as quickly as possible.well, heart, active, pet, member, condition, sleepy, then, weak, illness, exercise, awful, perhapsStep 3 Pre-reading1. Ss describe the activities in the pictures.2. Let Ss choose which ones are healthy.Step 4 ListeningListen to Part 2 and answer the questions.1) Did the doctor check Anna’s heart?2) How does Thomas go to work now?Keys: 1. Yes, he did.2. He rides to work.Step 5 Reading1. Read the passage and match the people with the pictures in Activity 1. There is one extra picture.2. Read the passage and answer the questions.1) How does Anna get exercise every day?2) Who was the first number of the girl’s football team?3) When did Thomas buy a bike?4) Was Richard weak after a long illness?Keys: 1. She gets exercise by taking the dog for a walk every day.2. Wang Wei.3. In January.4. Yes, he was.3. Complete the notes.Read the sentences and fill in the blanks according to the passage.Key: well, exercise, dog, walk, first, year, fit, underground, bike, smile, week, enjoy, weakStep 6 Complete the passage with the words in the box1. Read the passage from the beginning to the end carefully.2. Choose the right words to fill in the blanks.1) Tom runs six miles every morning, so he is in very good _________.2) Jill is a very ________ girl and plays lots of sports.3) I had a very bad headache yesterday, and I felt _________.4) Ben is a(n) _________ of the school football team.5) You do not look very well._________ you should see a doctor.6) I saw your grandfather taking his _______ walk this morning.Keys: condition, active, awful, member, Perhaps, dailyStep 7 Learning to learnLet Ss master the methods of learning English.You can often tell when a passage is asking for advice because it uses I rather than he/she to describe the problem. When you write your advice, you can use you …, you should/should not…and sentences like do …or do not …Step 8 Language pointsTo learn about the main points in the passage.1. I was not feeling very well.well表示“健康的”,是形容词。

e.g. The girl feels well after taking medicine. 吃了药女孩感觉好了。

well表示“好地”,是副词。

e.g. Do you eat well at school?你在学校吃得好吗?2. Now I get exercise by taking him for a walk every day.by doing sth.表示“通过某种方式做某事“。

e.g. He learns English by taking notes.他通过记笔记学习英语。

3. And she also takes part in the training with us.take part in表示“参加”,侧重于参加活动。

e.g. Would you like to take part in the party tonight?你愿意参加今晚的聚会吗?join也表示“参加”,侧重于参加组织、党派、团体或某人之中。

e.g. He is too young to join the army.他太年轻了, 还不能参军。

John joined a football club a few days ago.约翰几天前加入了一个足球俱乐部。

4. She is in excellent condition too.in excellent condition或in condition表示“健康状况良好”。

out of condition表示“健康状况不佳”。

e.g. Do exercise every day and you will be back in excellent condition soon.每天做运动,你不久就能恢复健康。

Do more exercises or you will be out of condition.多做锻炼否则你会身体不好的。

5. Since then, it has become part of my life.since then表示“自从那时”。

e.g. I haven't seen him since then. 从那时候起我就再没见过他。

6. I feel awful.feel awful,表示“感到不舒服”。

7. My legs hurt and I am hot all over.all over表示“浑身,到处”。

e.g. The boy is black all over because he fell into the mud.男孩浑身都是黑,因为他摔到泥里了。

Step 9 Grammar现在完成时1. 动词分为延续性动词(表示延续性的动作或状态)和瞬间动词(表示动作在瞬间完成)。

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外研版八下模块四u2教案

外研版八下模块四u2教案

教学设计Module 4 Seeing the doctor.Unit 2 We have played football for a year.山东聊城东昌府区斗虎屯中学刘雪梅课型:Reading and writing教学目标:1.To be able to understand passages about health routines.2.To write about healthy living with the hints provided by pictures.教学方法:Reading ,talking,speaking教具:OHP pictures melti-media教学重点Key vocabulary:well ,heart ,active, pet, member, take part in(in sth.),then , daily, weak, exerciseKey structures:1. I have had him for three months now and I feel really healthy.2. Since then,it has become part of my life.教学过程Step 1. Warming- upFree talk.Go over the words about healthy or unhealthy food and drink.设计意图:复习七年级学过的Module 4 Healthy food,首先吃的健康,身体也才能健康,这也是保持健康的因素之一,为下面的图画导入做铺垫。

Step 2. Leading-inShow some pictures and ask some questions.1.What are they doing while they are watching TV?2.Is eating food while watching TV healthy?3.Is playing football often healthy?4.How does he go to work every day?5.Is going to work by bike every day healthy?设计意图:通过图片上的行为让学生了解健康的生活同样离不开运动。

英语八年级下外研版module4unit2教案(精品)

英语八年级下外研版module4unit2教案(精品)

英语八年级下外研版module4unit2教案(精品)Module4NewtechnologyUnit2Ifasnakebitesyou,takeaphotoⅠTeachingAimsandDemands:nguageknowledge:Keyvocabulary:pickup,bitesbon+the身体部位saveone’slifeturnoff Keystructure:Oh,andifthesnakedoesn’tsmileforitsphoto,don’tworry.2.Readingskill:(1)Getinformationaboutactivity.(2)Improvethestudents’readingability.3.情感目标:通过本单元的学习培养学生具有妥善处理突发事件的能力,增加自我保护的意识。

ⅡTeachingimportantpoints:〔教学重点〕KeyvocabularyPhraseKeystructuresⅢTeachingDifficultPoints:〔教学难点〕1.DeveloptheSs’readingskillandletstudentsfindquestionsbythemselves.2.GettheSstogetenoughknowledgeabouthowtoprotectoneself.Ⅳ.TeachingAids:Taperecorder,mobilephoneⅤ.Teachingprocedures:Step1.激情导入Talkaboutwhatyoucanuseamobilephonetodo.Eg.Wecanuseamobilephonetocallpeople.Step2.自主学习1.LearnnewwordsaboutUnit2byyourselves.2Withthesequestions,Listentothetapeandthenanswerthem.(1)Whowasinthestory?(2)Whendidthestoryhappen?(3)Wheredidhefindthesnake?3.Readthepassagecarefullyandthendopart4.Step3.合作学习与探究:Readthetext,workoutyourquestionsandfollowingquestions.Atfirst,talkab outinyourgroup.Ifyoudon’tstillworkthemout,pleasewritethemdownontheblackboard.letothergroup’sclassmateshelpyou.〔读课文,解决你和你们组所发明的问题以及下面的问题。

外研版英语八下_Module 4 Unit 2 第二课时教案

外研版英语八下_Module 4 Unit 2 第二课时教案

八年级英语教学设计课题Module 4 Seeing the doctor课型写作课序号Unit 2 We have played football for a year now.课标分析学习内容分析学情分析现实问题闭环式学习任务设计随着快速的生活节奏,我们的学生健康问题日益突出,学生需要能辨别健康与不健康的生活方式,能关心自己和他人健康,并给出合理的建议,制定适合的运动计划。

解决问题解决方案英语问题提出问题任务驱动合作交流展示完善抽象概括推广迁移应用了解健康生活方式,讨论哪些适用于中学生,并总结运用.读图猜测,Colin 遇到了哪些健康问题,你会给出什么建议,最后Colin 怎样了?Do a survey about how to keep healthy with your classmates and think about if they have good healthy living ways.学习目标(学习活动+学习主体+(行为程度)+评价活动)free talk 及work in groups. 90%的学生能运用上节课所学的现在完成时进行复述,其他10%在同伴帮助下复述。

通过跟读、自读、查读,85%的学生能准确流利朗读课文。

其他15%同学能读熟、读准文章中的重点短语和句型。

通过分析句子、小组合作,学习重要知识点的用法,95%学生能说出非延续性动词与延续动词转换、目标词汇及句型的意义和用法,并进行变式练习翻译句子。

其他同学能复述出他人总结的句子。

通过组内交流、运用所学目标词汇,80%同学能运用所给提示词描述不健康方式产生的原因,给出建议,采用的健康生活方式,以及健康生活方式之后的改变。

学生勤锻炼,养成健康的作息规律和生活习惯。

重点:运用生活习惯,生活方式的词汇、及句型写作文突破措施:先口头造句练习-----同伴互帮互评-----教师批改----两批三改 难点:非延续性动词与延续动词转换突破措施:自主总结归纳、分类理解记忆、小组互查题型设计层层递进、教师精讲点拨、二次巩固过关教学技术学具准备:课本、笔记本、笔教具准备:电脑、PPT、黑板、粉笔教学实施环节学习内容学生活动评价活动问题预设与补救措施1.融入情境,以旧促新(回扣目标1)根据图片复述课文内容教学内容:回顾文章的内容及结构。

教育部参赛_外研社新标准英语八年级下册Module4 Unit2教案设计_李影

教育部参赛_外研社新标准英语八年级下册Module4 Unit2教案设计_李影
1、Show students some pictures and discuss how to use them and what they can do?
2、Work in pairs.Talk about what youcan do with a mobile phone.
T: Class, have you got a mobile phone?
2. Careful-reading:
Readthe passageandchoose the best answer:
(1)When the snake bit Mr. Jackson, it was________ .
A. hiding in a box of bananas B. climbing out of a box of bananas
What’s happening?
_________________________________
Finally was Mr. Jackson saved?
_________________________________
1)个体活动阅读第一段,对照自己的预测。
2)个体活动,预测下面的故事情节,然后在班中交流。
(将重要事件按叙述顺序写下来,注意表示事件的短语)
4、Answer the questions about the words in the box.
(通过问答形式练习本单元重点词汇)
Step4:释疑解惑
1、He picked up a dish from the table, and suddenly a snake appeared…and bit him on the hand.
六、教学反思

外研版八年级英语下册 M4U2 教案 (2)

外研版八年级英语下册  M4U2 教案 (2)

基于课程标准的“教学评一体化”设计课时备课卡课题八下Module 4Seeing the doctor Unit 2日期 2.23 课时 1 课型读写授课教师马晓晴目标确立依据课标分析课标摘录义务教育《英语课程标准》:1.能听懂接近自然语速、熟悉话题的简单语段,识别主题,获取主要信息。

(四级)2.能与他人沟通信息,合作完成任务,并做到语音、语调自然,语气恰当。

(四级)3.能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息,能找出文章中的主题,理解故事的情节,预测故事发展的情节发展和可能的结局。

(五级)。

课标分解1.能读懂接近自然语速、熟悉话题的简单语段,识别运动与健康的主题。

2.能与他人沟通信息,为自己和他人选择合适的运动方式。

3.能找出文章中的运动与健康的主题,并运用现在完成时讨论此话题。

教材分析第4模块的主题为健康生活,而第2单元主要侧重于通过体育锻炼达到健康生活的目的。

课文内容由4个小文段构成,分别介绍了Anna,Wang Wei, Thomas和Richard 4人不同的锻炼方式。

Anna通过遛狗锻炼身体,Wang Wei通过踢球锻炼身体,Thomas骑车上班锻炼身体,Richard病后跑步锻炼。

每一段按照顺序讲述主人公从事某项运动的原因、过程和结果。

本单元课文传达的主题是:健康生活离不开运动。

而通过深入研读教材,本教师发现,本课的课文内容所涉及的语言知识简单易懂,对于所教班级学生没有词汇的障碍;但是文本内容值得深入挖掘。

具体如下:1.虽然四人都通过运动锻炼,但是效果有所不同,应引导学生思考背后的原因;2.通过分析四人运动效果好或者不好的原因,可以帮助学生从中提取一些重要因素,指导学生能够合理规划、调整自己平时的运动。

这一过程既能够锻炼学生深入思考和归纳的能力,又能够提高学生学以致用,解决与自己生活相关问题的能力。

学情分析兴趣是最好的老师。

本模块healthy living这一话题贯穿始终,将词汇、句型结构及语法教学等分散融入到话题的各个任务当中,非常有利于学生的“学”。

外研版英语八年级下册Module 4 Life in the future Unit 2教案

外研版英语八年级下册Module 4 Life in the future Unit 2教案
SteΒιβλιοθήκη 4:Post-reading
Ask Ss to look at the picture of Collin and say something about the problems of him and give him some advice.
根据图片中病人的症状说出的问题。学生可以根据自己的英语水平决定如何运用老师的提示来完善或者提升对话。
The doctor: The patient:
Suggestions: Problems:
让学生带着问题进入课题,激发了学生的兴趣。
Step 2:
Pre-reading
Ask Ss to look at the following pictures and say something about the picture, then tell which ones are healthy.
整节课中听、说、读、写都有训练。设计的任务由易到难,让学生通过独立和小组合作完成。能搞质量的完成教学任务。
家庭作业:
Write a passage about their problems and give some advice.
检测对课文的整体把握程度和对知识点的掌握。
板书设计:
Module 4 Unit 2
课时教学目标
1.能够读懂关于健康生活方式的文章。
2.能通过图片提示写出关于健康生活的文章。
教学重点与难点
描述健康的生活方式。
教学辅助
PPT
教学方法
任务型教学
教学内容
教学活动
设计意图
教师活动
学生活动
Step 1:
Lead-in
T: Ask Ss the question:

Module4Unit2教案外研版英语八年级下册

外研版八年级下册教案Module4Unit 2 We have playedfootball for a year nowLesson Objective:By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:➢Understand and use the present perfect tense to talk about past experiences.➢Discuss their own experiences in playing football.➢Develop their speaking and writing skills in English.Materials:✓Whiteboard, markers, and eraser✓Handouts with conversation prompts and sample sentences✓Pictures or videos related to footballWarm-up Activity :1)Begin the lesson by asking the students about their experiences inplaying football.2)Encourage them to share how long they have been playing footballand any memorable moments.3)Write some key vocabulary words on the whiteboard, such as “play,”“football,”“experience,”“year,”“now,”etc.Introduction:1.Show pictures or play videos related to football to engage thestudents and create interest in the topic.2.Ask the students what they know about the present perfect tenseand elicit their understanding of its usage.3.Explain that the present perfect tense is used to talk about pastexperiences and actions that have a connection to the present. Vocabulary and Language Practice:1)Provide handouts with vocabulary related to football and the presentperfect tense.2)Instruct the students to match the vocabulary words with theirmeanings or synonyms.3)Review the answers as a class, discussing the proper usage andpronunciation of each word.Example vocabulary words:◆Football◆Experience◆Year◆Play◆NowGrammar Practice :⏹Explain the structure of the present perfect tense using the pattern“have/has + past participle.”⏹Provide examples of sentences in the present perfect tense, bothpositive and negative.⏹Engage the students in a guided practice, where they transformsentences into the present perfect tense.Example transformations:●I play football. (Present simple)●I have played football for a year now. (Present perfect)Speaking Practice:1)Pair up the students and provide conversation prompts related toplaying football.2)Instruct the students to take turns asking and answering the promptsusing the present perfect tense.3)Monitor their conversations, providing feedback and languagesupport as needed.4)Encourage the students to use appropriate vocabulary andexpressions during the speaking practice.Example conversation prompts:1.How long have you been playing football?2.Have you ever played in a football tournament?3.What is the most memorable football match you have watched? Writing Activity :1)Ask the students to write a paragraph about their personalexperience in playing football using the present perfect tense.2)Provide sentence starters to help them structure their writing, such as“I have been playing football for…”or “In the past year, I have played football…”3)Remind them to include details and examples to support theirstatements.4)Allow the students to share their paragraphs with a partner andprovide feedback to each other.Group Activity and Presentation:1.Divide the class into small groups and assign each group afootball-related topic or scenario.2.Instruct the groups to create short skits or presentations using thepresent perfect tense to talk about their assigned topic.3.Provide time for the groups to prepare their presentations and thenhave them perform or present to the class.4.Encourage the students to use proper intonation and gestures whiledelivering their presentations.Wrap-up Activity :❖Summarize the main points discussed during the lesson, emphasizing the usage and structure of the present perfect tense.❖Ask the students to reflect on their learning and share one new thing they have learned about the present perfect tense or football.❖Provide a short review exercise or game, such as asking the students to create present perfect sentences based on given prompts or playing a football-themed memory game.。

外研版八年级下册Module 4 Seeing the doctorUnit2教案

Module 4 Seeing the doctor教学内容:Unit 2 We have played football for a year now . (The first period)教学目标:1、知识与技能:1)Understand :A. Key vocabulary:well, heart ,active , pet, member , take part in ,condition , in excellent condition , sleepy , then , daily, weak , illness , exercise , awful , feel awful , all over , perhaps B: Key structures:Why don’t we go for a run before school ?Perhaps I am to weak to do any exercise .2)Train students’ reading ability.2、过程与方法:In this lesson, I will improve the students’ reading ability by communicative teaching method and task-based approach.3、情感、态度与价值观:Develop the students’ interests for the astronomical knowledge and their exploring spirit for the future.教学重点:To understand the main idea of the text.To be able to find the key words for the questions..教学难点:How to understand the main idea of the passage教法设计:Pr-reading, while-reading, post-reading学法设计:Learning, reading and discussing教学准备:1.Understand the teaching procedures.2.Preparation of teaching tools: multi-media, tape recorder,ppt. etc课时安排:The first period教学过程:Step 1 Greetings(omitted)Step 2:Revision and lead-inExercise: translation for revising some language items.How can I help you ? be harmful to s.b/s.t.h…have a ( high )fever feel ill take s.b.’s temperaturetoday we’ll learn Unit 2. Show the teaching aims of this lesson.Step3: Pr-reading:1)Describe the activities in the pictures . Which ones are healthy ?2)Learn some new words:well, heart ,active , pet, member , take part in ,condition , in excellent condition , sleepy , then , daily, weak , illness , exercise , awful , feel awful , all over , perhaps Step4:While-readingRead the passage in eight minutes and complete the notes .read the passage to find the answers.Step 5:Post-readingPart 4: complete the passage with the words in the box.If time permits, tell students to read the text again in more detail try to retell the text . Step6 Sum up(Omitted)Step7 HomeworkRead and try to retell the text with the picture clue.Underline the difficult points in the text for learning.Exercise:There is a p _______dog in my family .We all like it .–Are you a m_______of the singing club? – Yes , I am .My grandparents e _______every day , so they are quite fit .I had an a ________dream last night , so I felt tired this morning .– This maths problem is too hard for me .- P ______Li Lei can help you . He is good at maths .Don’t drive when you are _________(sleep) .Li Lei often learns English by _______(listen) to English songs .Her ______(day) work is looking after the pets .My brother enjoys _______(play) baseball .I feel really _______(health) because I do exercise five times a week .He has problem in breathing(呼吸) so the doctor checks his h_________.The doctor told me to do more e _______to keep fit .They are the m ________of the English club .He likes doing sports , so he is in excellent c__________.I have a p _______dog and I take it for a walk after supper .板书设计:Unit 2 We have played football for a year now .Why don’t we go for a run before school ?Perhaps I am to weak to do any exercise教学反思:Module 4 Seeing the doctor教学内容:Unit 2 We have played football for a year now .(Period 2)教学目标:1、知识与技能:A: well, heart ,active , pet, member ,condition, sleepy , then , daily, weak , illness , exercise , awful , , , perhapsB: healthy living, feel awful , all over , in excellent condition , take part in2、过程与方法:In this lesson,students learn the key language points by themselves with the help of the teacher, using group work and individual work..3、情感、态度与价值观:Motivate students’ interest and encourage them to learn and use the language points..教学重点:Learn and try to use the key words and expressions of this lesson.教学难点:Hundreds/thousands/millions ofThe use of “enough”教法设计:Task-based approach,Cooperative learning method学法设计:Practicing learning method教学准备:1.Understand the teaching procedures.2.Preparation of teaching tools:tape recorder, ppt. etc课时安排:The second period教学过程:Step 1 Greetings(omitted)Step 2:Revision and lead-inHave a dictation of key words and expressions:environment, system, group, galaxy, universe, light, none, communicate, solar, impossible.2)Say: today we’ll go on learning Unit 2. Show the teaching aims of this lesson. Step3: Language itemsLet students learn the following items by themselves in groups, then the teacher can sum them up.take part in /join/join in 用法区别。

英语初二下外研版module4unit2教案

英语初二下外研版module4unit2教案Module4NewtechnologyUnit2Ifasnakebitesyou,takeaphoto.读写课。

通过对单词、词组、句子、篇章的读写训练,侧重培养学生的读写能力【一】教学目标1.知识目标:Rememberthewordsandphrases:bite,saveone’slife,dish,appear,hide,cool,chest,hurt,wrong,medince,suggest.2.能力目标:了解掌握if引导的条件状语从句。

3.情感目标:通过学习本课文让学生明白当自己处于危机时应该干什么,应该学会自救。

【二】重点难点1.重点:1〕Ifasnakebitesyou,takeaphotowithyourmobilephone。

2〕Hepickedupadishfromthetable,andsuddenlyasnakeappeared…andbithimonthehand.3)Ithrewitacrossthekitchen,anditlandedinthefridge..4)Doctorscouldn’tsaywhatwaswrongbecausetheydidn’tnowwhatkindofsnakeitwas.5)Whentheyknewthekindofsnake,theycouldgiveMrjacksontherightmedicine,andhelefthospitalthenextday.6)Ifasnakebitesyou,pickupyourphone.Takeitsphotofirstandthenshowthephototothedoctors.2.难点:…If引导的条件状语从句。

【三】教学过程〔一〕复习检测1.检查词汇预习:让学生齐读本课160页的新单词和短语(frombitetosuggest),目的是培养学生的朗读适应,同时巩固预习效果。

外研版英语八下_Module 4 Unit 2 第一课时教案

八年级英语教学设计课题Module 4 Seeing the doctor课型阅读课1 序号Unit 2 We have played football for a year now.课标分析学习内容分析学情分析现实问题闭环式学习任务设计随着快速的生活节奏,我们的学生健康问题日益突出,学生需要能辨别健康与不健康的生活方式,能关心自己和他人健康,并给出合理的建议,制定适合的运动计划。

解决问题解决方案英语问题提出问题任务驱动合作交流展示完善抽象概括推广迁移应用了解健康生活方式,讨论哪些适用于中学生,并总结运用.读图猜测,Colin 遇到了哪些健康问题,你会给出什么建议,最后Colin 怎样了?Do a survey about how to keep healthy with your classmates and think about if they have good healthy living ways.学习目标(学习活动+学习主体+(行为程度)+评价活动)通过观察图片、小组讨论,90%的学生辨别表达健康的行为和非健康的行为,其他10%学生能复述他人句子。

通过速读、跳读,段首尾句,98%学生匹配段落大意,并说出依据,2%同学在别人帮助下回答问题。

通过细读、精读、关键词、关键句,精读文章段落,说出每个人锻炼的原因过程结果,捕捉细节,提取信息。

通过复述,学会表述健康生活的方式,总结写作框通过在语境中,组内讨论健康的生活方式,运用现在完成时句子进行口头介绍,85%学生能用导图梳理出写作框架。

其他炼,养成健康的作息规律和生活习惯。

教学重点:运用关键词、关键句,细节信息,联系上下文猜词等阅读技巧,完成阅读任务。

突破措施:引导学生说出阅读技巧,做题依据,跟踪,二次过关。

难点:运用现在完成时恰当的描述生活方式。

突破措施:组内讨论互说,教师精讲点拨,变式操练,二次过关。

教学技术学具准备:课本、笔记本、笔教具准备:电脑、PPT、黑板、粉笔教学实施环节学习内容学生活动评价活动问题预设与补救措施1.新课导入,操练句型(回扣目标1)情境:出示各种健康与不健康的图片,先让学生用英语表达出图片内容,然后判断是否为健康行为。

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