简单句的七种类型
简单句的6种类型和句子成分的分析

英语三大基本句型句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句和主从句。
一、简单句简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。
We all learn English. (一个主语和一个谓语)My father and mother go to work at 7:00 in the morning.(一个并列主语和一个谓语)He once lived and worked there. (一个主语和一个并列谓语)1.主语+谓语这种句型简称为主谓结构,其谓语一般都是不及物动词,例:Things change.事物是变化的。
Nobody went.没有人去。
--Did you go by sea?你们走的是海路吗?--NO,we flew.不,我们是飞去。
2.主语+连系动词+表语这种句型称为主系表结构,其实连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词,但实质上表语成了谓语,例:Mr. Turner is an artist.特纳先生是位画家。
The milk turned sour.牛奶变酸了。
She became a lawyer.她当了律师。
3.主语+谓语+宾语这种句型可称为主谓宾结构,它的谓语一般多是及物动词,例:We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。
My sister will fix everything.我姐姐会料理一切。
4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构,其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词,两个宾语一个是间接宾语,一个是直接宾语,例:He gave the book to his sister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。
I'll write you a long letter.我将写给你一封长信。
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构,其补语是宾语补语,与宾语一起即构成复合宾语,例:I found the book easy.我发现这本书不难。
简单句的五种基本结构

简单句的五种基本结构简单句的五种基本结构简单句是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。
简单句的谓语部分包括谓语动词及宾语、宾语补足语、表语等不同句子成分,不同谓语动词的不同组合形成简单句的基本句型。
一、主语+连系动词+表语1. 这一句型中的连系动词除be之外,主要有一下几类:(1) 感官系动词:feel(感到,摸起来), look(看起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来)①这衣服是丝绸织的,摸上去很柔软。
②这花闻起来很香。
(2) 渐变类系动词:become(变得,成为), come(成为,变为), fall(变得), get(变得), go(变为;成为), grow(变得), turn (变得)①我弟弟已经成为一个著名作家。
②他的梦想变成了现实。
③听到这个消息,那女孩的脸变红了。
(3) 保持类系动词:keep(保持), remain(依然), stay(保持)①请保持安静。
②你能告诉我保持年轻的秘诀吗?③冬天这座山依然是绿的。
④他一直在这个学校当了二十年的老师。
2. 表语可以由名词、代词、形容词、部分副词、数词、介词等来充当。
如:①他是个化学家。
②这些铅笔是我的。
③他的讲话既长又令人厌烦。
④孩子们出去了。
二、主语+不及物动词1. 本句型的不及物动词是表意动词,在句中作谓语,说明主语的行动、状态或心理活动。
有时态变化,人称和数要和主语保持一致。
常见的不及物动词有agree, arrive, burn, come, dance, die, fall, fly, go, hurry, jump, leave(离开), listen, live, look, move, play, rest, ring, rise, run, shout, sit, skate, smile, snow, speak, stand, stay, stop, swim, travel, talk, try, wait, walk, work, worry等(1) 月亮升起来了。
简单句

sb. do sth. sb. doing sth.
He played soccer yesterday.
now.
She teaches us.
3.主谓双宾结构(SVOiOd) =主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
She teaches us English. She teaches English. She told me a story. He gave me a present.
也就是动作的发出者。
一般由名词、代词或相当于名词、代词的词或短语等 充当。
谓语Predicate :
说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么 样”。 也就是做了什么行为动作或处于什么状态。
谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)用动词。
宾语Object :
表示动作、行为的对象。
也就是动作的接受者。 一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语 等充当。
Trees Your idea 主语
tastes
turn sounds 连系动词
nice.
green. good. 表语
Mr. Li is a good teacher.
The movie isinteresting/wonderful.
4.主系表结构(SVP) = 主语+连系动词+表语
The flower looks beautiful.
可以用于这种句式的动词主要有 (A) buy / build / catch / cut choose / cook / find / get / keep / make / draw / do He bought me a new bike. 也可以改为for sb. 的句式 He bought a new bike for me. (B) give / take / send / bring / teach / show / tell / pay / write / read / sell / lend / pass / return / throw / offer / hand She lent me a book. 也可以改为 to sb. 的句式 She lent a book to me.
简单句的五种基本类型整理

简单句的五种基本类型整理简单句的五种基本类型简单句:只包含一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子,称作简单句。
简单句的基本句型:简单句有以下5种基本句型。
1.主语+ 不及物动词例:It is raining heavily.My tooth aches.2.主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语例:They enjoy the play.I met John in the street yesterday.3.主语+ 系动词+ 表语例:He is out.Jenny is fine.It looks like rain, soon.4 主语+ 及物动词+ 双宾语例:He bought her a watch.The sun gives us light.注意:双宾语一个指人(即间接宾语),另一个指物(即直接宾语)。
一般间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面,有时它们也可交换位置,这是需要在间接宾语的前面加上介词to 或for 。
常见的双宾语结构:bring sb. sth (bring sth to sb). give sb. sth (give sth to sb.) hand sb. sth (hand sth to sb.) leave sb. sth (leave sth.to sb) lend sb. sth (lend sth to sb) pass sb sth (pass sth to sb)return sb. sth (return sth to sb) send sb sth (send sth to sb) show sb sth (show sth. to sb.) tell sb sth (tell sth to sb )write sb sth (write sth to sb ) buy sb sth (buy sth for sb )do sb sth (do sth for sb ) get sb sth (get sth for sb )make sb. sth (make sth for sb) pay sb. sth (pay sth for sb)sing sb sth (sing sth for sb )5.主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 补足语例:She found him a very clever student.I make it a rule to get up early in the morning.注意:当宾语意思表达不完整时,需要用不足与补充说明宾语的状态、性质等。
简单句

十、简单句1、简单句的特点:简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。
2、简单句的种类:简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。
3、陈述句:用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。
它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。
▲陈述句的肯定式: He is a middle school student.(他是个中学生)/ I have a hammer in my hand.(我手上有把锤子)/ She teaches us geography.(她教我们地理)/ The new play was good enough and everybody enjoyed it.(新的话剧非常好大家都喜欢)▲陈述句的否定式:1)谓语动词如果是 be 、助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not‖。
如:My brother is not a teacher.(我的弟弟不是教师)/ He does not have a cousin.(他没有堂兄弟)/ I will not go there tomorrow.(明天我不去那儿)/ My mother is not cooking a meal in the kitchen.(我母亲现在不在厨房里做饭)/ You must not make such mistakes again.(你不该再犯类似错误了) / We haven’t discussed the question yet(我们还没有讨论那个问题呢).2)谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加do not(don’t).如: I don’t know anything about it.(此事我一无所知) / Li Ming does not feed pigs in the countryside.(李明不在农村养猪)/ We didn’t expect to meet her right here.(我们没指望着在这里见到她)/ We didn’t have a meeting yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午我们没有开会)3)如果“have‖作―有‖讲,也可以在它后面加not构成否定式,其形式与have got的否定式相同。
简单句的七种句型

简单句的七种句型1.主语+谓语(SV)Someone was laughing.They are studying.The bird is flying .They ran away.2.主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)We study English.They play football.Mothers enjoy parties.He is drawing a picture.3.主语+系词+表语(SVC)The map is old.He looks young.The country became independent.Her voice sounds sweet.The potato goes bad.He seems happy.4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO)Mary gave her child a toy.I bought her a bike.He teaches me English.The teacher lent me two books.5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC)We consider these books expensive.They call him little Tom.I will tell her to wait for you.They ordered us to go away.6.主语+谓语+状语(SV A)He lives in New York.He is working in the field.He gets up at seven in the morning.She is laughing in her room.7. 主语+谓语+宾语+状语(SVOA)You must return these books to the library.We will call on you in your office.We saw a film at the cinema last night.They are studying English in the classroom now.I met an old friend of mine in the street this morning.。
简单句和并列句

简单句和并列句句子的种类第一节简单句一、简单句(Simple Sentences)的定义只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫做简单句。
He learns German.他学德语。
(一个主语和一个谓语)Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.汤姆和杰克都喜欢乡村音乐。
(一个并列主语和一个谓语)We sang and danced yesterday evening.昨天晚上我们唱歌跳舞。
(一个主语和一个并列调语)My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and back home at seven in the evening.我和哥哥早上7:30去上学,晚上7:00回家。
(一个并列主语和一个并列谓语)二、简单句的种类(-)根据句子的基本结构分根据句子的基本结构简单句分为5种句型1.主语十连系动词十表语The weather is very cold.天气很冷。
She felt happy她感到很愉快。
Please keep silent!请安静!My father is a physics teacher.我父亲是一个物理老师。
The Lijiang River looks especially beautiful in the early morning. 漓江在清晨看上去格外美丽。
2.主语十不及物动词Winter is coming.冬天来了。
His father has gone abroad.他父亲出国了。
The baby is crying in the next room.婴儿在隔壁房间里哭。
He works in a big company.他在一家大公司工作。
We have lived in the city for ten years.我们在这座城市已生活了10年。
简单句的五种基本句型

简单句的五种基本类型一、一个完整的简单句由“主语部分+谓语部分”构成The man is a teacher.主语部分谓语部分He works hard.主语部分谓语部分He teaches English well.主语部分谓语部分●连系动词be (am is are was were) / seem / keep是/好象(似乎)是/保持look / feel / taste / smell / sound看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)become / turn / get / grow 变得●主要动词行为动词不及物动词laugh / smlie / look / listen及物动词see / hear / drank / eat助动词be (am / is /are / was / were)do / does / didhave / has / had辅助动词will / shall / be going to情态动词can / may / must / shall / needcould / should / would / mighthave (has) to / had better●表语:表示主语是什么(身份)或者怎么样(处于什么状态)。
由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。
和连系动词一起构成谓语,也就是说: 连系动词后面的才是表语!eg.He is a boy. She is a girl. They are students. They are good.He looks / seems ill.The apple tastes nice.Trees turn green.Your idea sounds good.●什么是及物动词和不及物动词呢⑴、及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词: see / hear / drank / eat / …I saw him last week.We heard the bad news yesterday.They eat bread every day.He drank a glass of milk just now.⑵、不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / …She smiled happily.They laughed loudly.(3)、如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助:She look at the blackboard carefully.He listened to his teacher in class.They laughed at us after the match.及物动词例句:She teaches us.She teaches EnglishShe teaches us EnglishShe told me a storyHe gave me a present二、主谓双宾结构主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语可以用于这种句式的动词主要有(A) buy / build / catch / cut choose / cook / find / get / keep / make / draw / doHe bought me a new bike.也可以改为for sb. 的句式He bought a new bike for me.(B) give / take / send / bring / teach / show / tell / pay / write / read / sell / lend / pass / return / throw / offer / handShe lent me a book.也可以改为to sb. 的句式She lent a book to me.三、主谓宾宾补结构主语+谓语+宾语+宾语的补足语He told me to clean my room.I saw her dancingOur teacher asks us to read English every day.可以用于这种句式的动词主要有let / make sb. do sth.ask / tell / want / allow / wish . sb. to do sth.expect / encourage / invite / teachfind / see / hear / watch / notice / feel ①sb. do sth.②sb. doing sthhelp sb. (to) do sthhope和welcome 比较特殊--我们可以说:I hope to visit your school.I hope that you can visit our school.I wish you to visit our school.Welcome to visit our school.You are welcome to visit our school.Welcome to our school.但不可以说:I hope / welcome you to visit our school原来也蛮简单的哦!我来分析一下这些句子中所包含的成分[1]主系表型She is a very good girl .(主语) (连系动词) (表语)The girl is very good.(主语) (连系动词) (表语)[2] 主谓型①、主谓式: They ‖laughed.(主语) (谓语动词)The kites ‖fly in the sky.(主语) (谓语动词)②主谓宾式: I ‖bought a new bike.(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语)He ‖plays volleyball.(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语)[3]主谓宾宾式:She ‖told me a story.(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语He ‖gave me a good book.(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语)[4]主谓宾宾补式He ‖asked me to help him.(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语补足语)He ‖made me happy. (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语补足语)。
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• 名词性从句也可以充当同位语(修饰抽象名 词为多)news, fact, truth
– The news that he went abroad surprised me.
Seven Types of Simple Sentences
简单句的七种句型
简单句的七种基本结构: 1. _______ The sun rises. ____ 主语 + 不及物动词 ________ _________ 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 2. _ I don’t like basketball. _ tired. ____ 3.______ Danny is 4. _ I read story. ____ her __ a _____ 主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 主语 + 系动词 + 表语
“表语”。
补语(Complement)
• 副词、介词(词组)、非谓语动词或从句 都可以在系动词后充当补语( 也称表语)。
– Time is up. (adv.) – They are in the classroom. (prep.) – The place is where we first met each other.
• 副词、介词(词组)或非谓语动词也可以 充当宾语补足语。
– I saw him rushing into the classroom.
同位语(Appositive)
• 同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或 名词词组,对前者进行补充说明。 • 同位语一般由名词或名词词组充当
– The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.
由形容词、数词、代词(宾格或名词性物主)、 介词短语、名词(词组)及表语从句等担当
一般由名词或与之相应的其他词类、短语或 从句担当 由形容词、代词、数词、名词、名词所有格、 介词短语、不定式及其短语等担当 由副词、不定式及其短语、介词短语、以及 状语从句等担当
宾语
定语 状语
Object
Attribute Adverbial
谓语 (Predicate)
• 谓语 表示一个动作、行为,是由动词充 当的。 谓语 • 一个句子能不能没有谓语? 不能
– I teach you English.
宾语 (Object):
• 宾语的分类:
– 动词宾语:动作涉及的对象。 动宾 • I love you. – 介词宾语:介词所涉及的对象。
Seven Types of Simple Sentences 简单句的七种类型
十大词类 (Parts of Speech) 英语中的词可以根据词义,句法作用 和形式特征分为十大词类:名词、代 词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、冠 词、连词、数词、感叹词。
词 类
英语 名称 n.
意义
表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称
主/宾 Object 由名词、形容词、动名词、不定式、介词短 补语 Complement 语、名词性从句等担当
主语 (Subject)
• 主语是动作的主体部分
– 在主动句中:主语是动作的发出者
• I teach you English.
– 在被动句中:主语是动作的承受者
• You are beatenΒιβλιοθήκη .
She brought me a shirt . S V IO DO Pass him the dictionary,please. V IO DO I lend him my bicycle. S V IO DO = I lend my bicycle to him.
后接for的有: make, buy, get, sing, cook等等。 Her mother bought her a skirt. S V IO DO = Her mother bought a skirt for her.
– 用于修饰、限定名词或代词。
• 定语一般由???充当。
形容词 – a beautiful girl
– a pencil box
定语 • 定语还可以由名词充当,表用途。
定语 (Attributive):
• 定语也可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。
– Those who want to learn English well should study harder than others. – an interesting book – a meeting to attend
三、主语+动词+补语 (S+V+C) 英文中的系动词主要是指be动词的各种变化形式,也包括 那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。 这类动词常见的有: become(变成) look(看上去) seem(看起来) get(变得) feel(摸起来) grow(变得) turn(变成) keep(保持) stand(保持) stay(保持) smell(闻起来) sound(听起来) taste(尝起来) …
He is a good student. S V C She is in the classroom. S V C It is getting warmer and warmer. S V C The trees turn green. S V C
四、主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+V+IO+DO) 这类句型常有“给某人某物”、“送某人某物”、“留 给某人某物”等意思。常见的这类谓语动词后接to的有: give(给某人…) bring(带给某人…) tell(告诉某人..) send(送给某人…), leave(留给某人…) pass(递给某人…) read(给某人读…) write(给某人写…), take(给某人拿…) show(给某人看…) teach(教某人…) get(给某人弄到…) lend(借给某人…) buy(给某人买…) pay(支付某人…) hand(递给某人…) …
一、主语+不及物动词 (S+V) 这种句型中没有直接宾语,但常带有状语。例如: The water is boiling . S V They have been waiting there for hours . S V The train will leave soon . S V The flags are waving in the wind S V
补语(Complement)
• 补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份 或特征。 • 补语一般由名词或形容词充当。 PS:位于连系动词后的主语补语又称 – I主语补语 am a teacher. (S C) 宾语补足语 Notice:这是一句“SVC”句型不是 “SVO”
– Don’t leave me alone. (O C)
实 义 词
表示动作或状态,分为五类:及物动词(vt.)、不及物 v. 动词(vi.)、系动词、助动词和情态动词 pron. 代替名词,数词等
num. 表示数量或顺序,分为基数词和序数词 adv. adj. 修饰动词,形容词或其它副词或句子
用于修饰名词,表示人或事物的属性或特征等
限制名词的意义,有不定冠词 (a,an),定冠词 (the)
二、主语+及物动词+宾语 (S+V+O) He has a sister. S V O They wanted to have a rest . S V O She carried out her plan . S V O He likes watching TV. S V O
• 形容词也可以充当状语。
– Happy to see him, she forgot everything.
状语(Adverbial)
• 介词词组、非谓语动词和从句也可 以充当状语。
– They managed to finish the job before Monday.(介词词组) – The old man sat on the bench, enjoying the sun-set.(现在分词词组) – As he was leaving the office, it started to rain.(时间状语从句)
art.
虚 词
prep. 表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系 conj. 用于连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子 interj 表示说话人情感或口气 .
需要弄清楚的几个概念:
1、及物动词(vt.):后面带有宾语,意思才能完整。 eg. They want some books. He is reading a book. 2、不及物动词(vi.):本身意义完整,不需跟宾语。 eg. Birds fly. He works in the factory. 3、系动词:系动词本身虽有一定的词义,但不完整,不 能单独作谓语,必须和作表语的词语(如形容词,名词 等)连用,构成谓语。如:be (是), look(看起来像), become (成为,变得)等。 eg. They are teachers. He became very interested in science.
• I want to give this book to you.
介宾
• 宾语一般由名词、代词充当。 • 宾语也可以是一个从句或非谓语动词。
– He told me that he felt lonely. – He likes swimming.
定语 (Attributive):
• 定语的作用