第一课 雅思写作介绍
雅思强化作文第一讲
③ Many museums charge people for admission while others are free. Do you think the advantages of charging people for admission to museums outweigh the disadvantages? 2012. 8.25
Argumentation ① Today prison is the common solution for crime. But some people think that it would be a more effective way to provide them with better education to prevent them from becoming criminals. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2012. 5.12
More people would prefer cycling or walking in conditions were right.
Lexical resource
① 6分：拼写和构词上有错误，不影响交流 利用足够的词汇
② 7分：拼写和构词上偶尔出错 用词灵活准确
e.g. 犯人: criminal prisoner law-breaker offender 消费者: buyer customer consumer purchtive writing Discussion （分析解决 ） 报告文 （report） 混合文 （mixed） Argumentation（辩论型）
2. 写作评分标准
Task Achievement:
雅思基础写作第一讲-适用于开篇课堂
SECTION 3
Assessment Criteria
IELTS 写作新评分标准：
GRA: Grammatical Range and Accuracy （语法范围与精确性)
语言能力
LR:Lexical Resource （词汇资源) CC: Coherence & Cohesion （内容连贯与篇章衔接）
思维能力
TA: Task Achievement(任务完成)--1 TR: Task Response(任务回应)--2
雅思写作 课程设计
组建文章 (话题,思路)
排列 组合
段
强化阶段 句法 词法
连词成句 连句成篇
基础阶段
影响写作成绩的四个错误
错误一：语言绝对化 人们在使用语言描述事物变化时，应尽可能 避免语言过于绝对化，尤其是在使用第二语 言进行正式的书面表述时，更应该注意该语 言中非绝对化表达方式的学习，这样才能尽 显文章内容的客观性，这是绝大多数中国考 生在面对雅思写作时所忽视的 。
错误四：文章没有分段或分段不充分 雅思作文应按照论文的写作格式分段，即有 开头段，结尾段和由两到三段构成的主体段 落。不论是四段式还是五段式，考生只要进 行合理的分段，就能满足考试在逻辑性方面 的要求。
雅思议论文写作谨记六方面
可能超过很多考生的 想象，而且，如果考生在第一段还使用大量恶俗 的模板，还在第一句说with the development of society，那他会发现他的成绩单上的作文得分会 在4分左右。其实，翻翻雅思考官的范文，我们会 发现，考官在第一段只干了两件事情：引出背景+ 表明观点，甚至很多考官只干了第一件事情(引出 背景)，仅此而已。但是，考官的首段会很具体， 会和文章特定场合挂钩。(请参照剑5的165页，以 及剑7的163页)
雅思A类写作讲义
雅思A类写作讲义第一讲雅思高分写作思路总览雅思写作高分：7分或7分以上第一节的内容：1．雅思写作的整体介绍2．高分写作的要求3．解决问题的方案4．课程的总览一．雅思写作的整体介绍General Introduction听力、阅读考试之后60分钟Task 1 and Task 2A类和G类的区别：task 2 议论文task 1 A：图表作文G：书信评分：以Task 2 为主二：高分写作的要求评分标准：Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(词汇与句子结构)Arguments, Ideas and Evidence(论证，论点和论据)Communicative Quality(交流质量)Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(词汇与句子结构)1.避免使用过于低级的单词The problem becomes worse by the poor effects we made.The problem was compounded due to the ineffective measures we had taken.They claim that sports lead to competition rather than cooperation is only an incorrect argument. The claim that sports lead to competition rather than cooperation is only a lame argument. People face violence and crimes on TV and films every day.People are bombarded by violence and crimes on TV and films every day.The kind of growth may lead to very bad results.The kind of growth may lead to dire consequences.consequence:far-reaching（深远的）, profound（深刻的）, adverse（不利的）, catastrophic（灾难的）, damaging（破坏性的）, devastating（破坏性的）, dire（可怕的）, disastrous（灾难的）, fatal（致命的）, tragic（悲惨的）, severe（严重的）,2.避免过分重复同一样的单词Mothers enjoy the same right for career advancement as fathers do.Mothers are just as entitled to career advancement as fathers.Mothers are empowered to career advancement as fathers.3.尽可能展示多变的句型定语从句：China is the largest developing country and is enjoying rapid economic growth. As a result, in the streets of major cities in China, there are thousands of vehicles of all kinds.As the largest developing country, China is enjoying rapid economic growth, the evidence of which can be seen in all major cities whose streets are teeming with thousands of vehicles of all kinds.倒装句：Young people are so impulsive and easily influenced that they are constantly tricked by advertisement in all forms of media.Impulsive and easily influenced as young people are, they are constantly tricked by advertisement in all forms of media.伴随状语：It is common now for kids to spend six and a half days in school each week because they have to sit through one extra class after another.It is common for kids to spend six and a half days in school each week, sitting through one extra class after another.设问句：Even if machine translation were able to eradicate all the language barriers between peoples, learning foreign languages still make sense.Even if machine translation were able to eradicate all the language barriers between people, would there be no point in learning foreign languages? By no means.Arguments, Ideas and Evidence(论证，论点和论据)Some people think that in order to improve the quality of education, high school students should be encouraged to evaluate and criticize their teachers, but other people maintain that such evaluation and criticism may cause loss of respect for teachers and discipline. What do you think?有人认为，为了提高教育质量，我们应该鼓励高中生对自己的老师进行评估；别的人却认为这种评估是不尊重教师、违反学校纪律的行为。
雅思作文第一讲
• Work at home using modern technology can greatly enhance our efficiency.
动词不能做主语 Work 改为动名词 Working
• Children who are raise in impoverished families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Pay attention 搭配to Reason for… Solution to….
• The internet has instead of teachers in many classrooms.
• Instead of 可以是副词 或连词，但不是动词。 动词“替代”是replace 或者supplant 用replaced 或者 supplanted 代替 instead of
并列句 主谓宾+主谓宾 and/or/but
• Poor students behaviour seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyles are responsible for this. • How these things interact is still unknown today and they remain largely unpredictable in a person’s life.
区分三种句子：简单句、并列句、 复杂句
• 简单句 只含主谓宾成分。 而当谓语是不及 物动词（只能单独使用，不可以接宾语的 动词）的时候，简单句就是 主语+谓语 • People hold different views on this issue. • The value of experiments is not limited to sciences. • 简单句在雅思作文里，常常用于TOPIC SENTENCE ，和分论点，简单明了，突 出主题。
雅思写作1概括指导ppt课件
Letter （complaint,
request, apology… )
客观描 述信息 和数据
1/3
Task 2
40mins/ 45mins
>250words
议论文
说理和 论证
2/3
IELTS WRITING
Task 2
1、275——300 Ws 2、先写 3、6-8段论 4、40分钟 5、分别提升4个评分标准的得分 6、背诵个人的各专题魔版
35
十大论证
大师型格
中间段写作
高分模式：连接词+分论点+论证
Initially
• 分论点1 • 论证2、3句
Moreover
•分论点2 • 论证2、3句
Ultimately
• 分论点3 • 论证2、3句
举例 解释 因果 分类 比较对比 让步转折 机构数据 反面论证 历史人物 名人名言 (详情参见讲义）
• 个人倾向 （明确！！！鼓励背诵）
• Overall (Upon the whole, By and large, On the whole, As a whole, In the mass, In general), I firmly harbor the perspective that they well deserve the top salaries.(观点）In the following essay, viewpoints supporting both sides, those for and those against, are talked over respectively in order to further assert my position.
雅思写作高分课件(1)
识别关键词
关注题目中的关键词，这 些词通常会给出写作的重 点和方向。
明确写作任务
根据题目要求，确定写作 任务，如需要提出观点、 分析问题、举例论证等。
拓展思路与素材收集
头脑风暴
围绕题目主题，进行头脑 风暴，尽可能多地列出与 主题相关的想法和观点。
素材收集
从平时积累的知识、经验 、阅读材料等方面，收集 与主题相关的素材，包括 事实、数据、案例等。
多变句式和语法结构
运用复杂句式
01
适当使用复合句、并列句、倒装句等复杂句式，使文章句式富
于变化，增强表达的层次感和逻辑性。
掌握多种语法结构
02
熟悉并掌握多种语法结构，如定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动
词等，提升表达的准确性和多样性。
避免单调的句式
03
避免大量使用简单句和相同的句式结构，通过句式的变换和组
分类整理
将收集到的素材进行分类 整理，以便在写作时能够 快速找到所需内容。
确定主题和立场
确定主题
构建论点
根据题目要求和头脑风暴的结果，确 定一个明确、具体、有深度的主题。
根据立场，构建清晰、有逻辑的论点 ，为后续的论证和阐述打下基础。
明确立场
针对主题，明确自己的观点和立场， 确保在写作过程中始终保持一致。
转折句
在需要的地方加入转折，使文章更具层次感和逻 辑性。
结尾部分总结陈词
重申立场
再次强调自己的观点或立场，加深读者印象。
总结全文
简要概括全文内容，帮助读者回顾文章脉络。
提出建议或展望
针对话题提出具体建议或展望未来发展，提升文章深度。
04 语言表达与句式运用
CHAPTER
丰富词汇和短语积累
雅思写作第一节课课堂讲义
雅思写作第一节课课堂讲义Unit 1 雅思IELTS 考试写作简介雅思考试写作部分在听力和阅读后进行，由两部分组成，TASK1和TASK2。
要求考生在60分钟内完成两篇文章的写作。
普通培训类和学术类考生在写作的考试内容上有一些区别。
两类写作TASK2题目类型基本相同，考试的结构和要求也大体相同，要求在40分钟完成250字左右的议论文。
类似英美国家学校里任课教师布置的课堂讨论作文。
一般要求考生根据自己的知识和经验就一个现象阐明自己的态度和见解，或就一个观点发表自己赞同或反对的观点。
学术类写作TASK 1（ACADEMIC TRAINING MODULE）要求考生对题目中给出的各类图表加以观察和分析，并根据已知的图表和资料写一篇不少于150字的小短文。
考得较多的有曲线图、柱状图、饼状图、表格、饼图等。
也有可能考到两种不同种类的图。
另外，流程图和示意图也偶尔考到。
时间20分钟。
普通培训类写作TASK1（GENERAL TRAINING MODULE）则要求考生就某个假设的场景写一封信. 到目前为止，出现较多的书信种类有投诉信、请求信、建议信、寻找失物信、邀请信等。
20分钟内完成150个字的文章。
总之，就题目的难度而言，GENERAL TRAINING MODULE 普通类写作比ACADEMIC TRAINING MODULE学术类写作稍微简单一些。
评分标准The examiner reads your answer and awards band score of between 1(did not answer the question) and 9 (native speaker-like ) according to these criteria: ? 1.T ask Response (i.e. how fully and appropriately the candidate has answered all parts of the task; the extent to which the candidate's ideas are relevant, developed and supported; the extent to which the candidate's position isclear and effective)2.Coherence and Cohesion (i.e. how well the information and ideas are organized and presented i.e. paragraphing; how well the information is linked) ?3.Lexical Resource (i.e. the range of vocabulary used, how accurately it is used and how appropriate it is for the task)4.Grammatical Range and Accuracy (i.e. the range of structures used, how accurately they are used and how appropriate they are for the task)The band scores are then added together divided by 3 and rounded to determine your band score for this task.Writing Overall Band = 1 / 3* Task1 + 2 / 3*Task2For example: Task1 =6Task2 =7Overall Band = 1 / 3* 6 + 2 / 3*7= 6.5Unit 2 曲线图1.描述上升的单词increase rise grow go up词汇升级：creep up ≤10edge up 10 ease up 20boom 30 surge 45 soar 60 swell 70 escalate 80 rocket 902．描述下降的单词decrease drop decline fall go down词汇升级：creep down ≤10edge down 10 ease down 20ebb 30 subside 45 slump 60 collapse 70 plunge 80 plummet 903．描述波动的单词fluctuate --- fluctuation go up and down rise and fall例：Sales of Computers 1995There was a slight growth in the sales of computers from Jan to Feb. However, they increased dramatically to a peak in the next month. After that, there was a downward trend in sales between Mar and Aug, which leveled off by the end of Dec.Task 1每部分的结构:例题分析example 1WRITING TASK 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe graph below shows the number of passengers in a London underground station at different times of the day.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting themain features and make comparisons where relevant.You should write at least 150 words.Number of passengers at a London underground stationThe line graph illustrates the fluctuation in the number of people at a London underground station over the course of a day.开头段三种万能方法：①改单词②换句型③加信息The busiest time of the day is in the morning. There is a sharp increase between 06:00 and 08:00, with 400 people using the station at 8 o'clock. After this the numbers drop quickly to less than 200 at 10 o'clock. Between 11 am and 2 pm the number rises, with a plateau of just under 300 people using the station.In the afternoon, numbers decline, with less than 100 using the station at 4 pm. There is then a rapid rise to a peak of 380 at 6 pm. After 7 pm, numbers fall significantly, with only a slight increase again at 8pm, tailing off after 9 pm.Overall, the graph shows that the station is most crowded in the early morning (around 08:00) and early evening (around 18:00) periods.例题分析2:Sample 2WRITING TASK 1---“例2”You should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe graph below shows the annual amount of fish caught in North America from 1972 to 2000.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.You should write at least 150 words.line graph with two linesThe graph reveals changes in fish catches for the US and Canada over the last 30 years.Between 1975 and 1981, US fish catches averaged between 2.5 and 2.75 million tons per year, while Canadian landings fluctuated between 600,000 and 900,000 tons. …In 1981, however, there was a significant increase in fish caught in the US, and this rise continued and peaked at 5.6 million tons in 1991. During the same period, Canada's catch went up from 1 million tons to 1.6 million tons, a growth of over 50%.From 1991 onwards, a sudden decline in fish catching was reported in both countries. US figures plummeted to 4 million tons in 2001, a drop of 28%, and Canadian catches plunged to 0.5 million tons, a decrease of 66%. In the following four years, US catches remained stable at 4 million tons, while Canadian catches rose and fell around the 0.5 million tons mark.In general, fish catches have declined drastically in both the US and Canada since the early 1990s. Although Canadian production was much lower, it echoed US figures, declining or increasing at thesame rate.习题③You should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.You should write at least 150 words.The line chart illustrates changes in the amounts of beef, lamb, chicken and fish consumed in a particular European country between 1979 and 2004.In 1979 beef was by far the most popular of these foods, with about 225 grams consumed per person per week. Lamb andchicken were eaten in similar quantities (around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed (just over 50 grams) However, during this 25-year period the consumption of beef and lamb fell dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively. The consumption of fish also declined, but much less significantly to just below 50 grams, so although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels were the most stable.The consumption of chicken, on the other hand, showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989. By 2004 it had soared to almost 250 grams per person per week.Overall, the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity of these other foods decreasedover the period.★考试高分必备表 3——Phrase。
雅思写作讲座(新航道)lesson 1
Requirements
1. 认真阅读历年真题 2. 对应相应不太会写的内容做提纲训练 3. 写作文后自己修改 （语法，词汇）-先质后量 4. 教师批改后自己再次修改 5. 在复习时候，应该针对话题然后按照题型训 练
WRITING
雅思写作的训练方法
（1）精读 （2）互译 （3）改写
何为模板？
有用网站
一. TR（Task Response任务反应情况） 二. CC（Coherence& Cohension连贯和衔接）
三. LR（Lexical Resources词汇资源）
四. GR&A（Grammatical Range& Accuracy语法 范围和精确度）
WRITING
英文写作的特点：(第一条评分标准）
IELTS WRITING：TASK II
低于Band 5的六种技术情况：
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 没有完成写作任务 格式错误 字迹模糊，难以辨认 Task 1和Task 2写反 攻击考官
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
不能缩写 不能格式混乱 不能使用口语化词语 不能英式英语美式英语混用 while 的用法 字迹模糊，难以辨认 Task 1和Task 2写反 题型判断错误
IELTS WRITING：TASK II
三. LR（Lexical Resources词汇资源） 正式，准确，多样 四.
GR&A（Grammatical Range& Accuracy语法 范围和精确度） 准确，多样，时态，简单句+复杂句
四大问题
语 法
注意!!!
词汇 搭配
组织 逻辑 写作技巧
中式思维 中式语序 中式表达方式
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Grammatical Range and Accuracy
Task 1和Task 2的评分标准只有第一条（任 务完成情况）不同，由于Task 1考查的是图 表作文，所以要比Task 2要少一项任务，就 是不需要有作者的立场（Position）。 除此之外，两个任务都需要有具体的内容 和合理的结构、良好的连贯性和衔接性、 丰富的词汇资源以及语法的多样性和准确 性。
举例说明：for
example, for instance, as follows, such as, that is to say, namely, just as, in particular等。
in spite of, despite of, despite the fact that, regardless of等 。
(Task 2) A类与G类非常类似，考生就考题的 主题，用250字详加发表意见，通常考生被 要求用几种方式之一来做为架构解决问题、 表达自己的意见、支持或争辩考题所给予的 讯息 。
2.考试要求
考生需将雅思写作写在答卷上，别小看这一点， 有很多考生因为紧张等原因，直接写在试卷上， 是不能拿分的。 考生的雅思写作字数如果达不到最低要求将被扣 分。 考生的雅思写作文章内容如果被考官认定是偏题 或者跑题将被扣分。 雅思写作考试中，任何抄袭(如抄袭其他来源的内 容)的作文将被重扣。 雅思写作文章如果不完整、内容相互没有关联将 被扣分(如在任何部分使用点句或笔记形式)。
5.写作误区
10大恶习 词汇不够无能为力 选词彪悍过犹不及 语法不精身不由己 逻辑不强缺乏条理 随便说说匆匆收笔
单边论证失去底气
因小失大不重全局
提前完成兴奋不已 只管主流情非得已 盲目自信不做练习
句子结构的丰富性 Examples: I have many hobbies. For example, I like movies, I like playing basketball and football, and I like singing and dancing. 改为：I have many hobbies. Movies, for example, are my favorite and I am also fond of playing basketball and football. Sometimes when staying with my friends, I’d prefer singing and dancing rather than any other way of amusement.
雅思A类写作部分：全部1小时时间， 分2大单元(Task 1&Task 2)：
(Task 1)通常考题以图片、表格坐标、曲线图 为基本形式，考生根据所给的资料，写出150 个字以上的文章来叙述主题，组织并探讨主 题，提出比较支持的论点。
雅思G类的(Task 1)考生多以写一封信来应对 考题中所给予的模拟状况或问题。
语法的多样性和准确性
句子结构的准确性和丰富性 句子的长度和复杂性 用语的逻辑性和正式性
句子结构的准确性涉及主谓一致、句子平衡性等。
Example: 1.The main reason for this use of informal languages are various and complicated. 2. In my opinion, use mobile phones to send messages is more convenient than write letters.
3.评分标准
官方公布的评分标准，具体如下：
Task 1
Task Achievement
Task 2
Task Response
Coherence and Cohesion
Lexical Resource
Grammatical Range and Accuracy
Coherence and Cohesion
表示承接：besides, further more, in addition, moreover, what’s more, meanwhile, apart from, as well as, similarly, in the same way等 。 表示转折：however, whereas, while, on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand等。 表示结论：in conclusion, in brief, in short, to sum up, ultimately, overall等。
结构：
合理的文章结构通常由三大部分组成，即 引言（introduction）、主体（body）和结 论（conclusion），写4-5段比较合理。引 言要涵盖主题、写作任务和主题句，主体 则要包括足够的论点和论据，结论可以重 申观点、提出建议或展望未来。
连贯与衔接
文章的连贯性主要体现在段落与段落之 间，句子与句子之间。 段落之间的”启”、”承”、”转”、” 合”可通过表顺序的过渡词完成 。 Examples: 表示开始：first of all, in the first place, at the very beginning, to begin with, currently, at present, for one thing等。
立场:要做到鲜明并得到有效阐释. topic sentence（主题句） main ideas（论点） supporting points（论据）
主题能有一个；论点放在中间段的 首句，让读者一目了然，论点应该有两个以上，否 则论证就不充分；论据包括evidence（证据）、 examples（例子）等，放在论点后面，每个论点都 应该有论据作支撑，否则就会显得论据不足。
用语的正式性和严谨性
Examples: 1.Parents have to get kids food and other stuff. 改为：Parents have to provide children with food and other necessities. 2. People always say competitive sports are totally cool. 改为：It is always said that competitive sports benefit us in several important ways.
Example:
With the increasing use of mobile phones, less people tend to write letters. Some people believe that writing letters will disappear completely. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
表示让步：although,
词汇资源
词汇的准确表达可以通过两个方面达到，一 是在用词的难度上拔高，二是在近义词的多 种表达上提升 。 譬如要描述一个好人，很多同学首先想到的 形容词就是good, kind, wise, nice, clever, great, bright等词，而这些词往往很难出彩， 因为描述太过于抽象，如果能用到诸如 ambitious, tactful, eloquent, charismatic, committed之类的词就很具体了。
4.应试技巧
任务完成情况
内容（content）是否切题 立场（position）是否鲜明并得到有效阐释 结构（structure）是否有逻辑性
切题：关键在于审题时要找准题目的主题（topic）以及针
对该主题所提出的问题（topic questions）。一般来说，主 题就是题目中反复出现或主句中充当主语的或宾语的名词 以及名词短语，而问句则通常就是我们要讨论的要点，如 果要点理解有误或漏掉某个要点，则都属于没有切题。
句子的长度和难度 长短句结合为佳 短句变长句：善用连词。 Example: Living off campus is exciting. Living off campus is more independent. I prefer the convenience of living on campus. 改为：Living off campus is exciting and more independent, but I prefer the convenience of living on campus.
雅思写作介绍
雅思写作
IELTS WRITING
By Cindy
第一讲 雅思写作介绍
基本内容 应试要求 解读评分标准 应试技巧 写作误区
1.基本内容
分类：Academic 和General Training 内容：Task1: 要求150字 , 时间20分钟 Task2: 要求250字，时间40分钟
句子之间的逻辑关系也要通过一些逻辑连词来完成.
Examples:
表示原因：because (of ), accordingly, due to, owing to, for this reason, since, as a result, as a consequence等。
表达观点：in my opinion, personally, from my viewpoint, it seems to me, it is clear to me that, as far as I am concerned 等。