2020届辽宁师大附中高三上学期10月月考试题 历史
2024-2025学年湖南师范大学附属中学高三上学期月考(一)历史试题及答案
大联考湖南师大附中2025届高三月考试卷（一）历史时量：75分钟满分：100分第I卷选择题（共48分）一、选择题（本大题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题意的）1．岭南石峡遗址已发掘64座大小不一的墓葬，出土遗物三千余件。
有出七成套的木作工具石锛和石凿，数百件实战用的石镞、石钺；还有礼器如琮、璧等，玉琮与良渚一带相近。
据此可推断，该遗址A.已出现掌握贵重礼器的祭司阶层B.处于石器时代向国家迈进的阶段C.有直接或间接远距离的商品交换D.农业生产水平得到一定程度发展2．图1、2所示文物均被学界命名为“蜻蜓眼玻璃器”。
据此可知图1古埃及玻璃器（前＋4世纪）图2曾侯乙墓玻璃器（战国）A.社会分工发生了进一步细化B.战国手工制造水平超过古埃及C.玻璃器的生产中心发生转移D.玻璃器是中外文明交流的物证3．《史记·儒林列传》记载，“家人子”（宫侍女）出身的窦太后喜好黄老之学，召辕固生问老子书，辕固生答“家人言耳”太后大怒，命他去刺野猪，幸得景帝帮助才脱困。
这一记载最能印证汉初A.无为而治思想发生动摇B.弃道崇儒思想开始抬头C.社会等级意识仍然强烈D.皇权独尊遭受外戚挑战4．王莽改制，根据周朝办法造大钱，后又相继发行契刀、错刀、宝货等货币，民间仍用五铢钱。
王莽下诏：“敢非井田、挟五铢钱者为惑众，投诸四裔以御魑魅。
”可见当时A.制度变革获得法律保障B.币制由复杂走向简单C.托古改制重视民众基础D.政府的货币信用不足5．《公羊传》记载：“桓何以贵？母贵也。
母贵则子何以贵？子以母贵，母以子贵。
”然而汉武帝却在立幼子为太子后杀其生母，北魏时期道武帝将子贵母死立为定制。
这一转变的目的在于A.提高三纲五常的地位B.促进华夏认同C.推动少数民族封建化D.加强集权统治6．唐太宗审查《氏族志》时，认为山东崔氏“世代衰微，全无冠盖”，不配第一等。
他指示“不须论数世以前，止取今日官爵高下作等级”，新修订的《氏族志》以皇族为首，外戚次之，崔干被降为第三等。
黑龙江省哈尔滨市师大附中2024级高一上学期10月阶段性考试英语试卷答案
哈师大附中2024级高一上10月月考英语试题答案【听力理解】1—5 CBCBA 6—10 ACBAB 11—15 ACBCA 16—20 CBABC【阅读理解】21—23 CAB24—27 CABD28—31 ACDB32—35 DCDB 36—40 GEAFD【完形填空】41—45 DBACD 46—50 BADDC 51—55 BCCBA【单句语填】56. jogging 57. subscription58. ignorant59. applied 60. athletic 61. on62. reference63. have been memorized64. what 65. invisible【语法填空】66．dishes 67．dates 68．To make 69．specifically 70．As 71．talented 72. for 73. the 74. be found 75．that【书面表达1】Dear editor,I am writing to express my concern about a problem that many students, including myself, face before major exams. The issue is exam anxiety, which manifests in various ways such as sleeplessness, loss of appetite, and constant worry.Some students experience headaches or stomachaches, while others bee irritable and easily distracted. These symptoms not only affect our academic performance but also our overall wellbeing.To address this issue, I suggest that the school could organize workshops on stress management and time management skills. Additionally, providing access to a school counselor for oneonone sessions could be beneficial. Teachers could also incorporate relaxation exercises into their lessons to help us stay calm.I hope my letter will prompt some positive changes to help us all cope better with exam stress.Yours,Li Ming 【书面表达2】My condition was serious and I needed an immediate operation. Sharon didn't just go into the hospital with me. She helped me fill out the intake paperwork, paid the fee and even took me to the bathroom. She also tried to contact my family, but they were outside of the city and couldn't go back in time. Still Sharon chose to stay with me. I tried to persuade her to leave, to get to work. And each time, She refused. Once it was time for me to be seen by doctors,Sharon left.Six months later. Ifully recovered and managed to get her address. I decided to thank her in her presence. As I got to her house, I gently knocked the door. It was Sharon who came out and opened thedoor. I could see surprise in her eyes. “Sharon, it's me, Lauren. I've e to thank you for saving my life!” She hugged me and said.“I wish I could have done more for you.” Such simple words really carried me away. It is this total stranger who shows me the faith in humanity.【听力原文】1. W: Pete, it’s stopped raining. Shall we go out for a bike ride?M: I’m watching TV now. Anyway, it’s still cloudy.I think it’s going to rain again.W: Oh all right. Shall we go tomorrow if it’s sunny?M: Yes, OK.2. W: Lunch time! e in and wash your hands.M: I’ll e in five minutes. I have one small area to clean and I’ll finish tidying up this yard.3. W: Mark, does your brother still work at the expensive hotel?M: He’s still there but he’s not a cleaner any more. He is a waiter at the moment, and he hopes to bea cook one day, because he really loves it.4. M: Are you going to Tom’s party on Saturday?W: What time does it start? I’ve got a football match at 3:30 that day.M: 7 o’clock.But I’m going at 7:30 because I don’t want to be early.5. W: Excuse me. My son needs a bathroom. Is there one around here?M: Well, there’s a store on Main Street. You may find a public restroom there. I t’s just between a park and a gas station.6. W: How’s your school project going, Tim? I haven’t finished it yet. I am so upset.M: The one about the sky in the evening? OK, I guess. (7) I took some good photos of the moon last week, but then yesterday i t was really cloudy. So I couldn’t see anything—not even any stars. W: That was a pity.M: Yeah, (7) but at least I’ve got some pictures to show my teacher.7. W: How was your holiday?M: Great. I joined an outdoor touring party and spent my holiday in a vacation village. We did something different each day.W: Wow! When did you arrive?M: On Friday afternoon. (8) We started with a game of football, to get to know the other people. W: And what did you do on Saturday?M: There was a beautiful pool and we had races and played volleyball in the water.W: Did you go out into the country?M: Yes. (9) We did go out into the country on Sunday,to a basketball club for some lessons. I loved it. And I also went running along the country road every day to keep fit.W: I’m sure that was really interesting.8. M: Excuse me, madam. Does Richard live here?W: Yes, he is my husband.M: Sorry to trouble you. I’m Alexander Pappas. Your husband, Richard, (10) left his wallet in my taxi yesterday. I happened to pick it up when I cleaned my car this morning. (11) I just e here to give it back to him.W: Oh, he was really too careless. He’s not at home at this moment. You can give it to me. Thank you very much for your help.M: It’s my pleasure.W: But I’m still wondering how you found us here.M: Luckily,(12) the wallet contains Richard’s card. And I just followed the address. Here it is. W: I’m really grateful… The wallet is very important to him, you know. It would bring about lots of tro ubles if you hadn’t found the wallet. You are so kindhearted.9. W: Hi Tom. I haven’t seen Pam for a few days.M: Haven’t you heard? She had an accident yesterday.W: (13) Not on her horse?M: (13) She doesn’t ride it now. Boating is her latest hobby. She fell off her bicycle while going to the boat club.W: I’m sorry to hear that. I hope she wasn’t badly hurt.M: Her arms are OK and she’s cut her legs a bit. (14) But she can’t walk because she’s brokensomething in her foot, so the doctor is keeping her in hospital until tomorrow.W: Will she go home when she leaves hospital?M: (16) Mum and Dad are not at home, and my flats’ too small so she’ll stay at our aunt’s house.W: (15) Can I visit her at any time today?M: After two o’clock. The hospital doesn’t let visitors in until after lunch.W:(15) I’ll go this afternoon. Shall I take her some chocolate?M: She doesn’t feel like eating much.W: I’ll get her some magazines then. The latest sports magazine has been out.M: That’d be great!10. W: I’m Lee Minwoo from South Korea. (17) When I was little I was very interested in English. Ilearned English at school. There was a good teacher who was not a native English speaker.He taught French and German, but he really spoke English quite well. It was funny because I was the only student in his class—it was really a private lesson. I had an excellent course book. I still keep a copy of it. The front cover was red with a lovely picture, and (18) it was very modern.Learning English was quite easy for me because the teacher was so good and he helped a lot. Also,(20) I’m quite good at learning languages. (19) It was really enjoyable to have classes. I lovedthe sound of the words. I felt really proud when my spelling improved day by day and I could read a short story. In middle school, English was still my favorite subject. I even stayed inAmerica for one year as an exchange student. I learned a lot there, not only English but different cultures.。
2024-2025学年黑龙江省哈师大附中高三上学期10月月考历史试题及答案
哈师大附中2024～2025学年度高三上学期月考历史试题一、选择题：本题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求。
1.在山西的陶寺遗址挖掘中发现，其中大型墓随葬品丰富、精致，有鼍鼓、特磬等重要礼器；而占墓葬总数将近90%的小型墓，墓室仅能容身，死者身无长物。
由此可知，陶寺文化时期（）A.音乐演奏技艺高B.私有制已经形成C.已出现早期国家D.宗法制开始萌芽2.荀子称赞秦国：“观其风俗，其百姓朴，甚畏有司而顺，古之民也。
百吏肃然，莫不恭俭、敦敬，古之吏也。
”但他却认为秦国与真正的“王者之功名”相比，却“不及远矣”。
这反映荀子（）A.厚古薄今的历史观B.儒法道兼容的思想C.对儒家理念的坚守D.对变法图霸的推崇3.秦朝统一全国后，经群臣争议，秦始皇否定分封子弟的提议而全面推行郡县制。
汉初“以海内初定，子弟少，激秦孤立亡藩辅，故大封同姓，以填（镇）天下”。
这说明秦汉时期（）A.地方行政建置趋于更加合理完善B.对地方治理方式存在着认知分歧C.郡县制带有削弱王室的严重弊端D.分封制有利于拱卫王室以安天下4.北魏名臣崔鸿编撰的《十六国春秋》一改《三国志》中的“国书”为“录”，各国主的“纪”为“传正朔，自相君长”，各国国主之事迹，则按正史本纪记录。
此外，在该书中还改变《三国志》“夷”“夏”分开的说法，创造了“夷夏”“戎夏”“胡晋”等新名词。
《十六国春秋》的出现表明当时（）A.民族交融的时代特色B.政权并立蕴含文化认同C.各民族关系相互平等D.史书编撰体例得到创新5.两税法是以资产和田亩来征收户税和地税，根据田亩多寡为依据，田产多者多征税，反之少纳税。
户税依据资产来征税，不过资产与土地联系紧密，所以“户税只是依据土地征税的变象”。
据此可知，两税法（）A.减轻了百姓徭役负担B.改变了资产为主的标准C.抑制了地主土地兼并D.适应土地私有制的发展6.宋代设立了平行的四个路级机构监控和节制各州，然而路级诸司职任有交叉而各不统属，互异互补、互申互察。
湖南师范大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期月考卷(三)历史答案(附中高三3次)
湖南师大附中2025届高三月考试卷(三)历史参考答案一、选择题(本大题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分)题号12345678910111213141516答案C D B B D A A A B D C A C B C B1. C【解析】题中显示夏商时期早期金属矿、盐池的分布情况，政治中心在黄河中游，金属矿多分布于长江流域。
矿藏分布跨越南北方，这在一定程度上能够表明南北方之间可能因为资源的开发和利用存在着经济方面的联系，C项“跨区域经济联系已经出现”较为合理。
仅从图中所给的矿藏分布情况，无法直接得出“国家对矿藏实现直接控制”的结论，没有相关明确证据支持，A项错误。
从图中可以看到黄河中游有一定的矿藏分布，不能得出资源相对不足的结论，B项错误。
图中只是展示了矿藏的分布，并没有直接体现出手工业发达程度的比较，不能仅依据矿藏分布就得出“长江流域手工业更发达”的结论，D项错误。
2. D【解析】题干中提到秦国“圆塞险”而“天材之利多”，这只是自然条件方面的优势，但不是最主要因素；“百姓朴”且“甚畏有司而顺”说明百姓朴实且顺从管理；都邑官府“恭俭、敦敬、衷信”，士大夫“无有私事”，这些都体现了秦国在国家治理方面，官员清正廉洁、百姓顺从，整个国家治理良好。
A项自然条件优越只是一方面；B项人民朴实温和也只是一个方面；C项官员吏治清明也只是国家治理的一部分。
只有D项国家治理良好能够全面概括题干中所体现的泰国的优势。
3. B【解析】根据材料，韩愈认为：如果佛有灵，能给人带来灾祸，坚守儒道的君子只要信奉天命，就不用惧怕。
根据所学知识可知，韩愈提倡复兴儒学，他用天命观反对佛教的因果轮回，以巩固儒学地位，故B项正确。
A、C两项均为手段而非目的，故排除；材料中的“道”为儒道，而非道家思想，故D项错误。
4. B【解析】辽朝以契丹为国号，体现其对游牧民族传统和文化的重视；以辽为国号，体现其吸收汉文化和制度的意图；实行双重国号是要在保持游牧民族的传统和吸收汉文化中寻求平衡。
华南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期月考(二)历史含答案
华南师大附中2023届高三月考（二）历史试题2022.11.04本试题卷共6页，20题。
全卷满分100分，考试用时75分钟。
注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、考号等填写在试题卷和答题卡上。
2．选择题的作答：选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
一、选择题：本大题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。
在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.距今约5000年左右的良渚文化遗址，在空间上分为宫殿区、内城与外城三部分。
古城还有祭坛、贵族墓地、手工业作坊等处。
良渚先民创造出一套包括玉璧、玉琮、玉钺在内的玉礼器系统。
据此可知，当时可能A.青铜铸造技术成熟B.形成国家初始形态C.氏族制度不复存在D.进入早期国家时期2.战国时，李悝变法推行过两项主要措施：一是“务尽地力”，重新划分土地，正式承认土地私有，发展农业生产；二是“平籴法”，按年成丰歉和灾情大小的不同情况，有针对性地采取相应的收放政策，因此“虽遇饥馑水旱，籴不贵而民不散，取有余以补不足也”。
这些措施A.促进了小农经济的形成B.不利于封建商品货币关系的发展C.抑制了手工业持续发展D.打击了新兴封建地主阶级的利益3.《后汉书·仲长统列传》中有这样的记载：“豪人之室，连栋数百，膏田满野，奴婢千群，徒附万计，……琦赂宝货，巨室不能容；马牛羊豕，山谷不能受。
”上述历史现象A.说明东汉民间社会财富充裕B.对当时中央集权有一定威胁C.有利于打击北方匈奴的统治D.反映当时阶级矛盾不断激化4.盛唐时期，敦煌莫高窟有一系列根据北朝《大方便佛报恩经》绘制的壁画，右图为莫高窟第138窟《孝养品》的须阇提太子割肉济父母的故事。
但据后世学者考究，《大方便佛报恩经》是“疑伪经”，据此可知唐朝A.壁画依据存疑无史料价值B.儒学正统地位受佛教冲击C.儒佛思想的冲突不可调和D.佛教发展逐渐走向本土化5.北宋时期，四川出现世界最早的纸币——交子后，南宋、元朝、明朝政府都曾大力推行纸币。
黑龙江省哈师大附中2024～2025学年度高三10月月考语文试题
黑龙江省哈师大附中2024～2025学年度高三10月月考语文试题说明：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将答题卡上交。
一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成小题。
材料一：什克洛夫斯基十分关注小说家如何通过叙事视角的选择来达到陌生化的效果。
他在阐述“陌生化”理论时，以托尔斯泰在小说《耻辱》中对鞭笞的陌生化描写为例，指出：“托尔斯泰通过避免直接指称人们习以为常的事物的办法，使事物变得新奇陌生。
他的描写使人觉得是初次见到事物，或者感觉到某事为初次发生的那样。
”什克洛夫斯基这里所强调的“初次”，就是事物的新鲜感，也就是“陌生化”的新奇效果。
此外，什克洛夫斯基还提到托尔斯泰在《霍尔斯托密尔》中以一匹马为叙事者，通过这匹马的叙事视角，使得故事的内容和场景显得陌生，以动物的无是无非的眼光无声地披露了人类社会的自私和贪婪。
视角问题是小说叙事中一个相当重要的问题。
美国小说理论家路伯克曾指出：“小说技巧中整个错综复杂的方法问题，我认为都要受到角度问题——叙述者所站的位置对故事的关系问题的调节。
”20世纪以来，出现了各种有关视角问题的分类。
传统小说大多采用上帝般超然的全知叙事视角，全知叙事者的目光无所不在、无所不及，叙事者对发生在不同时间、不同地点的事件了若指掌，对人物的内心活动亦能明察秋毫。
与此相对应的是人物有限视角，叙事者转用故事中或故事外某个人物的眼光来观察事物，对事件的发展知之甚少，对人物的认识具有局限性，作品因而充满了悬念。
英国新批评的代表人物I·A·理查兹曾将语言分为指称性的实用语言和非指称性的诗歌语言，诗歌语言是对实用语言的陌生化，人物有限视角则是对全知叙事视角的陌生化。
2024-2025学年黑龙江省哈师大附中高三上学期10月月考地理试题及答案
哈师大附中2024-2025学年度高三上学期月考地理试题第一部分选择题（共48分）一、单项选择题（本题共32小题，每小题1.5分。
每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求）2023年10月4日21点53分，随着超强台风“小犬”的靠近，兰屿岛出现95.2米/秒的极端风速（三倍于12级风），刷新台湾省气象观测风力的纪录。
图示意当时兰屿岛及其附近海域的风向。
完成下面小题。
1.推测当时台风“小犬”的中心最有可能位于兰屿岛（）A.东南方B.东北方C.西南方D.西北方2.丙地与丁地的风向不同主要是由于（）A.等压线疏密B.气压差异C.地形阻挡D.地转偏向力3.推测当时风力最大的地点及依据（）A.甲点，海面摩擦力小B.乙点，距台风中心近C.丙点，地形平坦开阔D.丁点，狭管效应显著苏格兰高地的天空岛是英国的世外桃源，岛上几乎没有天然树木，下图为该岛地理位置、当地局部地貌景观和传统民居景观。
完成下面小题。
4.该岛地表植被以草地为主，天然树木稀少，其原因可能是（）A.冻土广布B.气候酷寒C.风力强劲D.降水不足5.该岛传统民居一般都用草皮铺设屋顶，用石头砌墙，其主要原因是（）A.取材便利，防寒保暖B.降水较多，通风透气C.石材坚固，防御海浪D.造型美观，可防地震某月16日夜间，我国沿海某地开始出现大雾天气。
本次大雾的形成主要源于海洋上的一股冷气流输送。
通常情况下，日出之后大雾会逐渐减弱，而17日日出之后，该地大雾天气加重。
下图示意该地此月份16日17时—17日5时的天气状况。
据此完成下面小题。
6.据图推测，陆地大致位于海洋的（）A.偏西侧B.偏东侧C.偏南侧D.偏北侧7.16日20时—17日5时，该地所处的气压场的特点是（）A.南高北低，梯度大B.东高西低，梯度小C.北高南低，梯度大D.西高东低，梯度小8.17日日出之后，陆地大雾天气加重，可能是因为（）A.空气对流加强B.海风输送水汽增加C.地表温度上升D.海面蒸发强度变小准噶尔盆地西北边缘有一处鲜为人知的奇特地貌，红色碎裂砂页岩构成一排排垄岭，像一条条蜿蜒起伏的巨龙腾跃在空旷的荒漠中，包围在巨龙四周的是一座座色彩艳丽的连绵彩丘。
2024-2025学年湖南省师大附中高三上学期月考(二)英语试题及答案
湖南师大附中2025届高三月考试卷(二)英语第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
AThe Virgin Islands National Park is a tropical(热带的)paradise on the island of St. John,which covers more than half of the small island.It is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and the Caribbean Sea to the south,where the climate is warm all year.The island's white sand beaches and clear blue seas are considered to be among the most beautiful in the Caribbean,gaining reputation and popularity among visitors across the world.How the national park was formedLaurence Rockefeller was an American millionaire,businessman and conservationist.He visited St.John in the 1950s. He quickly fell in love with the island's clean,pure beauty.He first purchased a small resort there, Caneel Bay. He also purchased more than 2,000 hectares of the island and donated it to the government.That donation created the U.S.Virgin Islands National Park.It was officially opened as a national park on December 1,1956.How to get to the parkThe only way to reach the park is by boat.Some people arrive on their own sailboats.Others come in on large cruise ships.Visitors also arrive on water taxis from the island of St.Thomas.What to do at the parkFrom the tropical hills to the blue waters there are many things to do at the Virgin Islands National,Park.Visitors enjoy fishing,camping,sailing,scuba diving, snorkeling (浮潜),and bird watching.Of all of the park's beaches,Trunk Bay Beach is said to be the most striking.Below the clear blue water is a 200-meter snorkeling path. Hawksnest Beach is also a popular place for snorkeling.Near the shore are three small reefs of Elkhorn Coral.The Elkhorn Coral gets its name from its shape.The reef looks similar to the huge horns(角)of an animal called elk.It is a very rare kind of reef.Scientists say it is in danger of becoming extinct.The Virgin Islands National Park is often called America's paradise.It protects St. John's pristine nature,and preserves the record of human history in the Caribbean.Don't hesitate! Come here and put yourself in the paradise!1. What is most likely attractive to tourists when they visit the Virgin Islands National Park?A. Its tropical climate.B. Its location.C. Its beautiful scenery.D. Its activity.2. What can we learn about the Virgin Islands National Park?A. An animal called elk is at risk of becoming dying out.B. Visitors can choose any means of transportation to get to the park.C Laurence's donation greatly contributed to the foundation of the park..D. There is a 200-meter snorkeling path beneath the water of the Hawksnest Beach.3. Where is the text probably taken from?A. A speech script.B. A travel brochure.C. An academic essay.D. A geographic journal.BBoeing’s Starliner spacecraft landed in a New Mexico desert late on Friday,months after its original departure date and without the two astronauts it carried when it launched in early June.The Nasa astronauts Suni Williams and Butch Wilmore should have flown the Starliner back to Earth in June, a week after launching in it.But thruster (推进器) failures and helium (氦气) leaks marred their ride. Instead, they will remain at the International Space Station (ISS) for the rest of the year and will return in February aboard the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft.their empty seats and blue spacesuits along with some old station equipment.After Nasa’s space shuttles were retired more than a decade ago, Nasa hired Boeing and SpaceX for orbital (轨道的) taxi service. Boeing ran into so many problems on its first test flight with no one onboard in 2019 that it had to repeat it. The 2022 do-over uncovered even more flaws and the repair bill topped $1.5bn.The Starliner finally blasted into space on 5 June from Florida’s Cape Canaveral Space Force Station after unsuccessful launches on 6 May and 1 June. On the first launch attempt,a problem was found with a valve (阀门) on the second stage,or upper portion, of the rocket. On the second,a computer tripped an automatic hold just three minutes and 50 seconds from liftoff. That was later attributed to a single ground power supply fault within one of the launch control computers.Even after it successfully launched,helium leaks continued to trouble the spacecraft. As the Starliner approached the ISS, two leaks were detected but Nasa determined the spacecraft remained stable. What started as an eight-day mission dragged on for three months after the leaks and faulty thrusters raised safety concerns.However, Nasa and Boeing officials insisted that the astronauts were not trapped and that the technical difficulties did not threaten the mission. “We’ll come home when we’re ready,” Steve Stich, Nasa’s commercial crew program manager, said in the press conference in July.4. What does the underlined word “marred” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Underwent.B. Stimulated.C. Facilitated.D. Blocked.5. What do we know about Boeing’s spacecraft launches?A. They were filled with delays and setbacks.B. Starliner’s initial launch went smoothly.C. The 2019 manned spaceflight was a failureD. Reasons of the problems were still unidentified.6. Why didn’t the two astronauts come back to Earth on time?A. Because the project went over the original budget.B. Because they were both in serious health conditions.C. Because it was dangerous to take the Starliner then.D. Because Nasa officials failed to reach an agreement.7. What can be implied according to the last two paragraphs?A. The two astronauts would come back soon.B. Officials considered the situation within control.C. Nasa officials were pessimistic and pressed.D. The mission would be completed in 3 months.CActor Alicia Silverstone worried fans on social media recently. While on a trip to England, she posted a TikTok video of herself tasting a kind of poisonous berries she found along a sidewalk. Silverstone, who appeared in the 1995 movie Clueless, said she thought the fruit was a tomato. But when she bit into it and found that it had an unusual taste, she realized that it was not the common food.Plant expert, Jessica Damiano, recently wrote about poisonous plants that look like common foods for the Associated Press. She said the fruit that looked like a tomato appears to have been a Jerusalem cherry.Often sold as a houseplant, all parts of the Jerusalem cherry are poisonous.The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals says the plant is not only harmful to humans but also to dogs, cats and horses.Eating large amounts can be deadly. Silverstone was lucky because she did not swallow the berries. She was also lucky because the berries were reddish orange, which meant they were ripe. While all parts of the Jerusalem cherry are poisonous, the plant’s unripe berries can be especially dangerous.They can cause problems with the central nervous and gastrointestinal (肠胃的) systems.The Jerusalem cherry is not the only toxic plant that looks like a safe one.The poisonous Carolina horsenettle fruit also looks like a tomato. It is also known as devil’s potato to add to the confusion.The Virginia creeper fruit also looks like blueberries, and it can be deadly if eaten.Wild parsnip has flowers like a carrot and leaves like parsley (欧芹). Simply touching it can cause a skin problem. Creeping buttercup looks like flat-leaf parsley. It can cause severe stomach pain,vomiting (呕吐) and heart problems. And Canadian moonseed can be confused with wild grape. However, its taste is so bitter that you would likely spit it out before swallowing it. This is a good thing because eating it can lead to death.If you think you have swallowed a toxic plant by mistake, contact a poison control center in your area or your doctor immediately. There is additional information on the website .Damiano advises using common sense with plants you find in the wild. If you are not completely sure that something is food, do not eat it.8. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?A. To present the author’s argument.B. To introduce the topic of the article.C. To raise the public’s attention of wild plants.D. To popularize the knowledge of medical science.9. Why was Silverstone thought to be fortunate?A. The berries she had a bite were ripe.B. She found the fruit she ate was a tomato.C. She had a good knowledge of wild plants.D. The amount of the berries she consumed was large.10. According to the description,what plants can be most harmful to people?A. Carolina horsenettle and wild parsnip.B Virginia creeper and creeping buttercup..C. Wild parsnip and Canadian moonseed.D. Canadian moonseed and Virginia creeper.11. What may be the suitable measure if someone mistakenly swallows a poisonous plant?A. Spitting it out as quickly as possible.B. Making an appointment with their doctor.C. Getting in touch with the local authority instantly.D. Searching for the relevant information on the Internet.DSuperhuman artificial intelligence has played a role in our life. When it comes to playing games like chess, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of humans. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering:mind reading.We are blessed with a mysterious ability to reason the goals,desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own.If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life — to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball — we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people's minds.In psychology, the ability to infer another’s mental state is referred to as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity develops at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though.One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences.Besides, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind.In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of senses and a certain ability to think.But we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI,plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI.It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines.Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves.12. According to the passage,which of the following contexts can AI understand well?A. When asked where an object is, a naughty kid points in the wrong direction.B. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework,he answers “my dog ate it” .C. When you are treated with a hotpot for dinner, you reply “a sore throat” .D. When a mom tells her kid milk is good for health, the kid drinks it up.13. Which statement will the author agree with most about theory of mind?A. Humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect.B. Humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent.C. AI’s theory of mind development has been totally decoded.D. Shared forms of theory of mind result in more powerful AI.14. What is the author’s attitude toward truly self-aware machines?A. AmbiguousB. Conservative.C. Skeptical.D. Approving.15. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. AI’s Theory of Mind Will Define Our FutureB. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is ExpectedC. AI’s Theory of Mind — a Blessing or Suffering to HumansD. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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辽宁师大附中2020届高三年级第一次考试历史试题考试时间：50分钟第Ⅰ卷选择题（共75分）一、选择题：本题共25个小题，每小题3分，共75分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个最佳选项。
1．周代遇重大事情需解决时会举行国人(指城邑及其四郊的居民)会议，甚至某些时候可定夺国君的废立，如《左传·僖公十八年》中记载狄人伐卫，卫侯以国让父兄子弟，众不可。
这反映国人会议( )A．确保了民众参政的权利 B．破坏了正常的分封体制C．制约了周代贵族的权力 D．巩固了周代的封建统治2．尚书最初是皇帝的秘书，东汉时发展成为尚书台，为最高行政机关；中书之名始于汉武帝，初由宦者担任，魏文帝始设中书省，专司诏令；门下诸官历来都是皇帝的待从，西晋时定名为门下省。
材料反映了三省( )A．在魏晋时期已经成为定制B．是皇权不断侵夺相权的产物C．有效提高了政府行政效率D．为中央集权不断发展的结果3．唐代士人将“始不以进士攉第，不娶五姓女，不得修国史”称为“平生有三恨”。
宋代士人把“入翰林，加金紫，知贡举”，叫做“平生美事三者并集”；把“不历中书”、未拜相，叫做“生平不足”，据此可知唐宋社会( )A．由世俗贵族社会逐渐向平民社会转化 B．科举制发展使传统宗法观念日益淡化C．商品经济发展促进了价值追求的变化 D．从以门阀为中心转化为以品官为本位上表是根据历代《地方志》整理而成，反映出从秦朝到元朝( )A．增设地方行政层级以减轻中央的负担 B．加强君主专制统治的方式不变C．增设地方行政层级以加强对地方控制 D．州郡等地方行政区的权力不变5．康熙曾发布“容教令”，认为西洋传教士“仰慕圣化”“劳绩甚多”“无违法之事”，其传教活动“不必禁止”。
康熙晚年要求传教士尊重中国人敬天、祭祖、祀孔的习俗，否则不得传教。
材料反映了( )A．专制统治阻碍西学东渐B．中西方文化对立难以调和C．传统文化倾向保守封闭D．宗教政策服务于统治需要6．中国传统解决民事纠纷是依靠中间人调解，调解无效时交官府；而官府也主要扮演调解人角色，在民事纠纷导致暴力事件出现后，才扮演法官角色。
但到了明清，官府的法官角色越来越重，社会上甚至出现了专门代人打官司的“讼师”。
这种变化表明( )A．古代中国法制意识淡薄B．社会发展提升法律的作用C．政府奉行以德治民理念D．民众已具备近代法律意识7．公元前5世纪，雅典公民大会决议一经颁布，便成为法律并迅速执行。
公元前4世纪初，雅典公民大会选举法律编纂委员会，对现有法律进行修订，并规定每年公民大会对所有法律进行审核，由大会选举专业的立法委员会对有争议法律进行裁决。
雅典的这一转变( )A．推动了社会治理科学化B．强化了民主参与的意识C．确立了法律的绝对权威 D．体现了主权在民的原则8．“在你们面前受审的是个有钱人，他指望以财富来开脱罪名；可是，在一切公正无私的人心中，他本身的生活和行为就足以给他定罪了。
……假如今天他不能受到应有的惩处，那不是因为缺乏罪证，也不是因为缺乏检察官，而是因为司法官失职。
”(［古罗马］西塞罗：《对弗里斯的控告》)这反映了( )A．习惯法和成文法的冲突B．公民法和万民法的差异C．人定法和自然法的悖离D．检察官和司法官的矛盾9.1830年英国格雷政府上台，开始对议会进行改革。
其改革原则是尽可能保持现有的政治和社会制度，坚持选举权依据财产标准而不是天赋人权。
这种做法（）。
A.缩小了社会的贫富差距B.孤立了广大的工人阶级C.破坏了代议制度的原则D.壮大了传统旧贵族势力10.美国制宪会议代表亚历山大·汉密尔顿认为，危险的野心多半为热心于人民权利的漂亮外衣所掩盖，很少用热心拥护政府坚定而有效率的严峻面孔作掩护。
这一论断的意图在于（）A．为强化政府权威提供辩护 B．论证民主社会导致多数人的暴政C．强调政府应拥有绝对权力 D．呼吁美国人民正确行使自己权利11.1875年宪法是在一片冷漠中通过的：在温和的右派眼里，这是他们无可奈何地接受的共和国，是“较小的坏事”；左派则把它视为妥协的共和国，需要改善。
这说明（）A.左派的宪政主张没有实现B.人们对于参政制宪的热情不高C.温和的右派主张君主专制D.1875年宪法是激烈斗争的产物12.近代普鲁士容克贵族实行长子继承制，即爵位土地全部由长子继承，而其余子嗣则需要自谋出路。
为了消化这些多余的贵族，国家鼓励参军，让他们凭借军功获得爵位。
这导致的结果是近代（）A. 德意志统一后军事快速发展B.德国政治有很强的保守性C.普鲁士的资产阶级力量弱小D.普鲁士操纵德国联邦议会13．下表为近代欧美工人组织建立的情况：据此可知( )A．科学理论开始指导工人运动 B．无产阶级斗争的联动性增强C．英国成为国际工人运动中心D．工人阶级革命斗志日益高涨14.巴黎公社革命刚刚取得胜利时，公社领导人对人民群众说，你们当时给我们的是这样一种委托……我们的个人利益开始抬头之日，就是我们恪尽公职结束之时；那么听凭你们发落吧，我们的主人，你们的自由是你们自己争取的。
这一主张表明巴黎公社（）A．呈现出人民掌权的发展趋势 B．以马克思主义理论为革命指导C．得到了工农群众的普遍支持 D．是当时生产力发展的客观产物15.从革命性质分析，俄国革命实际上经历了三种革命：即发生在彼得格勒和莫斯科等工业中心的无产阶级革命，发生在广大农村的以农民夺取土地为主要方式的农民革命，发生在民族地区的民族革命。
最终，力量弱小的布尔什维克党赢得并巩固了政权。
据此判断，俄国革命的成功主要是由于无产阶级（）A.有效调动了各种社会力量B.推行了战时共产主义政策C.坚持了以城市为中心的道路D.突出了农村革命的主体地位16.1861年，洪秀全邀请美国传教士罗孝全到南京并度过了十五个月。
对此，罗孝全曾声称：（洪秀全）要我来，是让我来做官．让我宣扬他的那套教条，还让我说服外国人皈依他本人。
洪秀全此举意在（）A. 用外交手段迫使清政府承认其合法B. 利用宗教信仰实现其政治目的C. 重振太平天国政权的内政以及外交D. 打破清政府对太平天国的围剿17.19世纪末，俄、德、法、日等国企图通过划分“势力范围”瓜分中国，英国对此持反对态度。
1898年, 英国国会通过“维护中国的完整和独立”的决议，声称英国只坚持维护它在条约上的权利, 主张在中国全境无限制的贸易。
此举体现了英国( )A．主张与中国平等外交 B．维护其在华侵略权益C．坚持公平贸易的原则 D．丧失了殖民霸主地位18.《庚子西狩丛谈》记述：“先是直境义和团纷起，群信为天神下降。
盖民间感于历来国耻,及各处教堂教士之蛮横，排外之心甚热，亟愿台心并力以一雪其夙愤，以故邑中有识士绅，亦洋洋乐道其事。
”在此作者强调的是( )A.义和团发展壮大的社会基础B.统治危机加深促进了民族民主意识觉醒C.义和团扶清灭洋的时代局限D.八国联军侵华战争与义和团运动的关联19．孙中山曾自我慰藉地说：“维持现状，我不如袁；规划将来，袁不如我。
”“局外人小察，多怪弟之退让。
然弟不退位，则求今日之假共和，犹未可得也。
”这表明( ) A．共和未成皆因孙中山之退让B．袁世凯是经民主选举产生C．民主共和不适合当时的国情D．适时妥协是一种政治智慧20.（南京临时政府）临时参议院议决以五色旗为中华民国正式国旗，并请大总统孙中山颁布各省执行。
但孙对此表示异议，复函据理力争，且以临时大总统名义提请参议院对这一议决加以复议。
临时参议院立即对此进行重新讨论，最终正式决定五色旗为中华民国国旗。
这一过程表明（）A.五族共和思想成为共识B.南京临时政府统而不治C.共和原则得以初步实践D.民主观念日益深入人心21.国会政治是民初国人将西方近代民主制度用于中国的一项重要政治实践。
在君主集权制度颠覆之初，国人普遍接受了“民国”应当“主权在民”的近代政治理念。
但国会政治在民初仅仅实施了13年，就在近乎举国一致的声讨声中，寿终正寝。
材料反映了（）。
A.北洋军阀否定“主权在民”理念B.共和制度不适应中国的国情C.国人缺乏现代民主政治意识D.近代中国社会政治转型艰难22.“一切都变了，这是分水岭——毛泽东牢牢地掌握了领导权，而且中国共产主义运动宣布独立于莫斯科的指挥棒。
……从某种意义上说，这二十几个人在这里开会，是为了正式确定长征的领导和方向的彻底改变，从更深远的意义上说，则是中国共产主义革命运动的领导和方向的彻底改变。
”材料中的“分水岭”( )A．表明中共具有较好的独立决断力 B．彻底清算了党内“左”倾教条主义C．确立毛泽东思想为党的指导思想 D．使中国革命道路出现了重大转23．下表为1942—1944年对北岳、太行等五个抗日根据地调查所得到的数据。
据此可知，根据地“减租减息”政策的实施( )农村各阶层户数及其所占土地的比例(单位：%)A．奠定了抗战胜利的物质基础B．削弱了封建土地剥削C．推动了土地革命的顺利开展D．巩固了革命统一战线24.近代著名报纸《大公报》在《毛泽东先生来了》一文中写道：“昨日下午三点多钟，毛泽东先生到了重庆。
毛泽东先生来了！中国人听了高兴，世界人听了高兴，无疑问的，大家都认为这是中国的一件大喜事。
”这一报道反映出（）A.抗战胜利后中国共产党人真诚地谋求和平B.国共合作、和平建国成为中外共同的期盼C.抗战胜利极大地提高了共产党的社会地位D.大众传媒是影响当时形势政局的重要力量25.从1948年底至1949年初，中共计划安排南方民主人士到哈尔滨居住一段时间，待大军渡江后再南下至北平。
随后，“北上计划”改为到吉林、长春、抚顺、鞍山、哈尔滨等地方去参观学习。
“北上计划”的改变反映出（）A. 新民主主义革命已取得胜利B. 解放战争开始进入了决战阶段C. 解放区社会发展的欣欣向荣D. 民主人士成为两党争夺的焦点二、非选择题（共1小题，计25分）26. (25分)阅读材料，完成下列要求。
材料一封驳就是封还君主失宜的诏令而不下行，驳正臣下有误的奏章而不呈递，其中包含了对公文权力运行的审查与监督，驳正违失指对中央及地方官员的权力监察。
北宋前期通过银台封驳司主管公文的传递、审查、新闻发布和档案的整理留存等，是公文传递审查权和封驳权的合一，机密公文必须要经过此机构的审查才能发送，皇帝的诏命、宰相和枢密的公文都要经过此机构的审查，才能发放有关部门执行。
——孟宪玉《宋代封驳制度权力制约的精神的当代价值》材料二美国宪法设计了一个不允许任何权力分支部门掌握全部政府权力，同时又能整体而有效地推进政府工作的权力关系模式。
它规定国会有权要求总统条陈政策以备审议，有权建议、批准总统对其所属行政官员的任命，有权批准总统对外缔结的条约等，从而体现了国会对总统的制约。
……同时，美国宪法还规定了总统对国会的制约。
表现在：总统有立法发掘权，副总统兼任参议院议长，对立法机关的活动产生一定的影响。