美国文学史总结
(完整版)美国文学史-知识点梳理
Part I The Literature of Colonial AmericaI．Historical IntroductionThe colonial period stretched roughly from the settlement of America in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th. The first permanent settlement in America was established by English in 1607. ( A group of people was sent by the English King James I to hunt for gold. They arrived at Virginia in 1607. They named the James River and build the James town.)II．The pre-revolutionary writing in the colonies was essentially of two kinds:1) Practical matter-of-fact accounts of farming, hunting, travel, etc. designed to inform people "at home" what life was like in the new world, and, often, to induce their immigration2) Highly theoretical, generally polemical, discussions of religious questions. III．The First American WriterThe first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of these settlements. They wrote about their voyage to the new land, their lives in the new land, their dealings with Indians.Captain John Smith is the first American writer.A True Relation of such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony (1608)A Map of Virginia: A Description of the Country (1612)General History of Virgini a (1624): the Indian princess PocahontasCaptain John Smith was one of the first early 17th-century British settlers in North America. He was one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown, Virginia. His writings about North America became the source of information about the New World for later settlers.One of the things he wrote about that has become an American legend was his capture by the Indians and his rescue by the famous Indian Princess, Pocahontas. IV．Early New England LiteratureWilliam Bradford and John WinthropJohn Cotton and Roger WilliamsAnne Bradstreet and Edward TaylorV．Puritan Thoughts1. The origin of puritanIn the mediaeval Europe, there was widespread religious revolution. In the 16th Century, the English King Henry VIII (At that time, the Catholics were not allowed to divorce unless they have the Pope's permission. Henry VIII wanted to divorce hiswife because she couldn't bear him a son. But the Pope didn't allow him to divorce, so he) broke away from the Roman Catholic Church & established the Church ofEngland. But there was no radical difference between the doctrines of the Church of England and the Catholic Church. A group of people thought the Church of England was too Catholic and wanted to purify the church. Then came the name Puritans.2. Puritanism -- based on Calvinism(1) predestination: God's electPuritans believed they are predestined before they were born.Nothing or no good work can change their fate.They believed the success of one's business is the sign to show he is the God's elect. So the Puritans works very hard, spend very little and invest more for the future business. They lived a very frugal life. This is their ethics.(2) Origianl sin and total depravityMan is born sinful. This determines some puritans pessimistic attitude towards life.(3) Limited atonement (the salvation of a selected few)(4) theocracyThey combined state with religion. Their government is at least not a liberal one.The Puritans established American tradition -- intolerant moralism. They strictly punished drunks, adultery & heretics.Puritans changed gradually due to the severity of frontier environment3. Influence on American Literature(1) Its optimismAmerican literature was from the outset conditioned by the Puritan heritage. It can be said American literature is based on the Biblical myth of the Garden of Eden. After that, man have an illusion to restore the paradise. The puritans, after arriving at America, believing that God must have sent them to this new land to restore the lost paradise, to build the wilderness into a new Garden of Eden. Fired with such a strong sense of mission, they treated life with a tremendous amount of optimism. The optimistic Puritan has exerted a great influence on American literature.(2) Puritan's metaphorical mode of perception changed gradually into a literary symbolism.Part II The Literature of Reason And RevolutionI．Historical IntroductionWith the growth, especially of industry, there appeared the intense strain with England. The British government did not want colonial industries competing with those in England. The British wanted the colonies to remain politically and economically dependent on the mother country. They took a series of measures to insure this dependence. They prevented colonial economy by requiring Americans to ship raw materials abroad and to import finished goods at prices higher than the cost of making them in this country. Politically, the British government forced dependenceby ruling the colonies from overseas and by taxing the colonies without giving them representation in Parliament.However, by the mid-eighteenth century, freedom was won as much by the fiery rhetoric of Thomas Paine's Common Sense and the eloquence of the Declaration of Independence as by the weapons of Washington. In the seventies of the 18th century, the English colonies in North America rose in arms against their mother country. The War for Independence lasted for 8 years (1776-1783) and ended in the formation of a federative bourgeois democratic republic -- the United States of America. II．American EnlightenmentIt was supported by all progressive forces of the country which opposed themselves to the old colonial order and religious obscurantism.It dealt a decisive blow upon the puritan traditions and brought to life secular education and literature. The spiritual life during that period was to a great degree moulded by it.The representatives set themselves the task of disseminating knowledge among the people and advocating revolutionary ideas.The writers injected an invigorating vein into the English language in America as they aimed at clarity and precision of their writings.At the initial period the spread of the ideas of the Enlightenment was largely due to journalism. Writings of Europe were widely read in America. The secular ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of Benjamin Franklin.III．Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)The AutobiographyPoor Richard’s AlmanacLifeBenjamin Franklin came from a Calvinist background.He was born into a poor candle-maker’s family. He had very little education. He learned in school only for two years, but he was a voracious reader.At 12, he was apprenticed to his elder half-brother, a printer.At 16, he began to publish essays under the pseudonym “Silence Do good” .At 17, he ran away to Philadelphia to make his own fortune.He set himself up as an independent printer and publisher. In 1727 he founded the Junto club.Multiple identities:a printera leading authora politiciana scientista inventora diplomata civic activistFranklin’s Contributions to SocietyHe helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital.He founded an academy which led to the University of Pennsylvania.And he helped found the American Philosophical Society.Franklin’s Contributions to ScienceHe was also remembered for volunteer fire departments, effective street lighting, the Franklin stove, bifocal glasses and efficient heating devices.And for his lightning-rod, he was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire from heaven.”Franklin’s Contributions to the U.S.He was the only American to sign the four documents that created the United States:The Declaration of Independence,The Treaty of Alliance with France,The Treaty of Peace with England,The ConstitutionThe AutobiographyThe Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin was probably the first of its kind in literature. It is the simple yet immensely fascinating record of a man rising to wealth and fame from a state of poverty and obscurity into which he was born, the faithful account of the colorful career of America’s first self-made man.The Autobiography is, first of all, a Puritan document. It is Puritan because it is a record of self-examination and self-improvement. The meticulous chart of 13 virtues he set for himself to cultivate to combat the tempting vices, the stupendous effort he made to improve his own person, the belief that God helps those who helps themselves and that every calling is a service to God – all these indicate that Franklin was intensely Puritan. Then, the book is also a convincing illustration of the Puritan ethic that, in order to get on in the world, one has to be industrious, frugal, and prudent.The Autobiography is also an eloquent elucidation of the fact that Franklin was spokesman for the new order of eighteenth-century enlightenment, and that he represented in America all its ideas, that man is basically good and free by nature, endowed by God with certain inalienable rights of liberty and the pursuit of happiness.A look at the style of The Autobiography will readily reveal that it is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness and concision. The plainness of its style, the homeliness of imagery, the simplicity of diction, syntax and expression are some of the salient features we cannot mistake. The lucidity of the narrative, the absence ofornaments in wording and of complex, involved structures in syntax, and the Puritan abhorrence of paradox are all graphically demonstrated in the whole of the book. Taken as a whole, it is safe to say that the book is an exemplary illustration of the American style of writing.IV．Thomas Paine (1737-1809)Common SenseAmerican CrisisV．Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)The Declaration of IndependenceVI．Philip Freneau (1752-1832)“Poet of the American Revolution”“Father of American Poetry”“Pioneer of the New Romanticism”“A gifted and versatile lyric poet”Works“The Wild Honey Suckle”“The Indian Burying Ground”“To a Caty-Did”Freneau as Father of American Poetry: His major themes are death, nature, transition, and the human in nature. All of these themes become important in 19th century writing.Life Experience►He was born in New York.►At 16, he entered the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). He decided to do a postgraduate study in theology. But two years later he gave it up. While still an undergraduate, he wrote in collaboration with one of his friends (H. H. Brackenridge) a poem entitled “The Rising Glory of America”.►Later he attended the War of Independence, and he was captured by British army in 1780.►After being released, he published “The British Prison Ship” in 1781.►In the same year, he published “To the Memory of the Brave Americans”.►After war, he supported Jefferson, and contributed greatly to American government.►But after 50 years old, he lived in poverty. And at last he died in a blizzard.Main Works►“The Rising Glory of America” (1772) 《美洲光辉的兴起》►“The House of Night” (1779,1786) 《夜之屋》►“The British Prison Ship” (1781) 《英国囚船》►“To the Memory of the Brave Americans” (1781) 《纪念美国勇士》►“”The Wild Honey Suckle” (1786) 《野忍冬花》►“The Indian Burying Ground” (1788) 《印第安人墓地》野忍冬花（黄杲炘译）►美好的花呀，你长得：这么秀丽，却藏身在这僻静沉闷的地方——甜美的花儿开了却没人亲昵，招展的小小枝梢也没人观赏；没游来荡去的脚来把你踩碎，没东攀西摘的手来催你落泪。
美国文学史期末总结
美国文学史美国文学全书的焦点集中于南太平洋一条名叫莫比·迪克的白鲸,以及捕鲸船皮廓德(Pequod)号的船长阿哈(Ahab)如何对它有不共戴天的仇恨.阿哈在一次航行中被莫比·迪克咬掉一条腿,立志报仇,指挥皮廓德号环航全球追踪,终于发现了它.经过三天放下小艇紧追.虽然刺中了这条白鲸,但它十分顽强狡猾,咬碎了小艇,也撞沉了大船.它拖着捕鲸船游开时,绳子套住阿哈,把他绞死了.全船人尽皆灭顶.只有一个水手借着由棺材改制的救生浮子而逃得性命.整个故事以这个水手伊希梅尔(Ishmael)自述的方式展开.The book focuses on a whale named Moby Dick lived in south pacific and the captain of whaler Pequod—Ahab. Ahab was once bite by Moby Dick and lost a leg, determined to revenge,he commanded whaler pequod do global tracking, and finally found it. After three days of hot pursuit with the skiff,while they stabbed this white whale, but it was very tenacious and cunning, eventually chewed the skiff, also sank the ship. It dragged whaler swimming away, the rope was around Ahab, he was hanged. Almost all of people on the boat drowned, only a sailor called Ishmael survived .。
美国文学史整理资料
Colonial Period 殖民时期Background: Puritanism 背景：清教主义1. features of Puritanism 特征宿命论:上帝决定一切之前发生的事情(1). Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred.(2). Original sin: Human beings were born to be evil, and this original sin can be passed down from generation to generation. 原罪论:人类生来就是邪恶,这原罪(3). Total depravity 性恶说有限的赎罪:可以通过一代一代(4). Limited atonement: Only the “elect” can be saved.只有选举才能得救2. Influence 影响(1). A group of good qualities –hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful) influenced American literature. 一群好的品质——努力工作、节俭、虔诚、节制(严重的和深思熟虑的)美国文学的影响。
(2). It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden. 它导致了永恒的神话。
所有的文学是基于一个神话——伊甸园。
(3). Symbolism: the America n puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American. 象征意义:美国清教徒的隐喻认知模式主要是在调用形成一个文学象征这是典型的美国人。
美国文学总结
第一部分殖民主义时期the colonial period1.Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest Americanwriting.代表人物: cotton mather 科顿.马瑟Jonathan Edwards 乔纳森.爱德华兹Anne brandstreet 安妮.布雷斯特里特殖民时期第一位诗人，《最近在北美出现的第十位缪斯》第二部分理性和革命时期文学reasoning and revolution1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明.弗兰克林代表作：Poor Richard’s Almanac穷人理查德的年鉴annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集Autobiography 自传 18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传2、Thomas Paine 托马斯.潘恩Rights of man 人的权利The age of reason 理性时代American Crisis《美国危机》, signed “Common Sense”.署名为“常识”3、Philip Freneau 菲利浦.弗瑞诺the most outstanding writer of the post-Revolutionary period（18th century）. 是革命战争后期（18世纪）最杰出的作家。
the “Father of American Poetry”美国诗歌之父poet of American revolution4、Thomas Jefferson 托马斯.杰弗逊drafted the Declaration of Independence. 起草了独立宣言第三部分浪漫主义文学/Romanticismtranscendentalism超验主义：1、Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生be responsible for bringing Transcendentalism to New England, 是把超验主义引入新英格兰的先驱。
美国文学史总结
美国文学史总结从第二次世界大战后到新世纪，美国文学还有一个值得一提的发展现象——通俗文学（Popular Literature）日益受到重视，过去以低级杂志（pulps）为阵地的通俗小说有了平装本和精装本，进了图书馆和大学。
战后兴起的后现代主义思潮为研究通俗文学起了推波助澜的作用，学术界和思想界对于通俗文学观念的变化，刺激了通俗文学的进一步发展。
不但许多传统的通俗小说保持强劲的发展势头，而且诞生了许多新型通俗小说。
这些传统型和创新型的小说，很多都进入了《纽约时报》的“畅销书排行榜”（New York Times Best Sellers）。
每一本畅销小说诞生后，都会被改编成电影、电视剧；原创电影、电视剧在走红后也很快派生出同名畅销小说。
畅销小说和火爆的影视剧交相辉映，构成战后美国通俗文学的繁荣景象。
50年代，历史西部小说（Historical Western）占据了通俗文学的主导地位，随后现代犯罪小说（Modern Crime Fiction）迅速崛起，在60年代末和70年代初压倒了其他一切通俗小说。
70、80年代是美国通俗小说大发展时期，诞生了诸如甜蜜野蛮小说（Sweet-Savage Romance）、高科技惊险小说（High-Technical Thriller）之类的新型通俗小说。
此外，传统的女性言情小说（Women's Fiction）、科幻小说（Science Fiction）和恐怖小说（Horror Fiction）也出现有力回潮。
90年代，社会暴露小说（Social Expose Fiction）逐渐成为美国通俗文学领域的主导力量，如此格局一直维持到世纪末。
像马里奥·普佐（Mario Puzo）的《教父》（The Godfather）、斯蒂芬·金（Stephen King）的系列恐怖小说、迈克尔·克莱顿（Michael Crichton）的《侏罗纪公园》（Jurassic Park）和《失落的世界》（The Lost World）、玛格丽特·杜鲁门（Margaret Truman）的“谋杀案”系列政治暴露小说等，都是我国读者较为熟悉的美国通俗文学作品。
（完整word版）美国文学史复习要点整理【手动】
（完整word版）美国文学史复习要点整理【手动】美国文学史整理一、Colonial America 殖民时期1、New England：Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, andConnecticut.2、Doctrines of Puritanism清教American Puritanism stressed predestination（命运神定), original sin（原罪）, total depravity (彻底的堕落), and limited atonement (有限的赎罪)from God’s grace.3、Writing style：fresh, simple and direct and with a touch of nobility；the rhetoric is plain andhonest.4、Life style：hard work, thrift, piety, and sobriety.5、Main writer:①Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩work：Common Sense (1776) 《常识》American Crisis (1776-1783)《美国危机》The Rights of Man《人权》The Age of Reason《理性时代》②Benjamin Franklin（本杰明·富兰克林）Poor Richard’s Almanac《穷查理历书》Autobiography 《富兰克林自传》③Thomas Jefferson 托马斯·杰弗逊Declaration of Independence (1776)《独立宣言》二、American Romanticism (early period) 浪漫主义前期1、Characteristics：①A rebellion against the objectivity of rationalism.反对理性主义的客观性。
美国文学史(1)所学知识点总结
美国文学史（1）所学知识点总结I The Colonial PeriodCaptain John SmithAmerican PuritanismII The Age of Enlightenment“Reason ”1. Benjamin Franklin1）Aotubiography;2）Poor Richard’s Almanac2. Thomas Paine:Common SenseIII Romantic Period1. Washington Irving “Father of American Literature”1)“Rip Van Winkle”2)“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”2. James Fennimore Cooper“frontier, wilderness”Leatherstocking Tales : a series of 5 novels:The Deerslayer; The Last of the Mohicans; The Pathfinder;The Pioneers; The Prarie3. Nathaniel HawthonreThe Scaletter Letter(Hester Prynne, Roger Chillingwoth, Arthur Dimmesdale, Pearl,) 4. Herman Melville:Moby Dick (symbols, major themes, characters: Ishmael . Ahab) 5: Two transcendentalists:New England Transcendentalism (major features;)Ralph Waldo Emerson: “Nature”Henry David Thoreau: Waldon and “Civel Disobedience”6. Edgar Allan PoeGothic Tales : Major featuresa short story: “The Fall of the House of Usher”;Poems: “The Raven”; “To Helen”7. Two Greatest poets in 19th century AmericaWalt Whitman : Free verse ; Leaves of Grass“O Captain! My Captain!”“Song of Myself”Emily Dickinson:“Because I could not stop for Death”“Wild Nights, Wild Nights ”IV. American Realism(Definition; fidelity, actuality, truthful dipiction of life)1. Willam Dean Howells2. Mark Twain (Local Colorism)3. Henry James (international theme) American Naturalism :(3 major ideas; mood:pessimistic Stephne Crane :The Red Badge of Courage (war) Maggie, A Girl of StreetsFrank Norris:The OctopusTheodore Dreiser:Sister Carrie。
美国文学史作者的写作特点总结
美国文学史作者的写作特点总结1、Benjamin Franklin本杰明富兰克林（1706-1790）he is the only good American author before the the Revolutionary War and he is the only one in the colonial period.写作特点：1.叙事清楚简洁 2.富有哲理和睿智 3.文字质朴幽默 4.易于读者接受。
2.Thomas Paine 托马斯佩因（1737-1809）英国人民将他视为最受爱戴的政论家，他的书被看作穷人的圣经。
拿破仑称他为共和国的火炬，一切传奇中最伟大的人物。
写作特点：支持独立宣言，语言精炼，层次分明，结构严密，逻辑性强，抒情和说理有机结合3.Thomas Jefferson 托马斯杰弗逊(1743-1826)主张：主张追求幸福，人人生而平等，包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利4.Philip Freneau 菲利普费瑞诺(1752-1832)Father of American Poetry” 美国诗歌之父，政治方面的新闻记者写作特点：the poems of Freneau fall mainly into two categories, one of description of nature, and one of expression of his political ideas.备注：菲利普弗瑞诺作为一个自然诗人，在时间上介于布拉兹特里特和布莱恩特之间；作为一个哥特式作家，介于威格斯沃斯和爱伦坡之间；作为一个原始主义者，介于莫顿和库珀之间。
5.Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文（1783-1859)the father of American literaturethe first great belletrist 第一个纯文学作家，美国第一位浪漫主义散文文体作家，重振了没落的哥特式浪漫主义小说。
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Part I The Literature of Colonial America（殖民地时期的文学）Chapter 1→John Smith 约翰.史密斯1. A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Sincethe First Planting of That Colony 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》（1608）2. A Map of Virginia with a Description of the Country 《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》（1612）3.The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles 《弗吉尼亚通史》（1624）Chapter 2→William Bradford （威廉.布拉德福德）→Of Plymouth Plantation 《普利茅斯开发史》（1826）→John Winthrop （约翰.温思罗普）→The History of New England from 1630 to 1649 《新英格兰史》（1856）Chapter 3→John Cotton （约翰.科登）→Roger Williams （罗杰.威廉姆斯）→ A Key into the Language of America 《开启美国语言的钥匙》/《美国新英格兰地区土着居民语言指南》Chapter 4→Anne Bradstreet（安妮.布雷兹特里特）（女性作家）→The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America 《在美洲诞生的第十位缪斯》→Edward Taylor （爱德华.泰勒）（女性作家）→Psalms 《诗篇》Part II The Literature of Reason and Revolution（理性和革命时期文学）Chapter 5→Benjamin Franklin （本杰明.富兰克林）1.Poor Richard ’s Almanac 《穷理查德年鉴》（1732-1758，1729年正式出版）2.The Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》（Franklin & Jefferson 杰弗逊）3.The Autobiography 《自传》4.Collect Works 《作品选集》Chapter 6→Thomas Paine （托马斯.佩因）1.The Case of the Officers of the Excise 《收税官的案子》（1772）（his first pamphlet）mon Sense 《常识》（1776）3.The America Crisis 《美国危机》（1776-1883）（a series of sixteen pamphlets）（signed “CommonSense” ）4.Rights of Man 《人权》（I 1791年，II 1792年）5.The Age of Reason 《理性时代》6.Agrarian Justice 《土地公平》（his last important treatise 他最后一部重要着作）Chapter 7→Thomas Jefferson （托马斯.杰弗逊）The Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》（Benjamin Franklin & Jefferson 杰弗逊）（1776）Chapter 8→Philip Freneau （菲利普.弗瑞诺）1.The Power of Fancy 《想象的力量》（1770）2.The House of Night 《英国囚船》（1781）His earlier poems were collected in The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During theLate War这些早期作品后来于1786年一起被收录在《战争后期弗洛诺主要诗歌集》中。
3.Miscellaneous Works 《札记》（1788）4.The Wild Honey Sukle 《野忍冬花》5.The Indian Burying Ground 《印第安人的坟地》6.To a Caty-Did 《致凯提.迪德》Part III Literature of RomanticismChapter 9→Washington Irving （华盛顿.欧文）1.The Sketch Book 《见闻札记》2.Jonathan Oldstyle 《老古董乔纳森》/ 《乔纳森.欧尔德斯泰尔》3. A History of New York 《纽约外史》（1809）（by Diedrich Knickerbocker 所用笔名：迪德里奇.尼克博克）4.Bracebridge Hall 《布雷斯布里奇庄园》（1822）5.Tales of a Traveller 《旅行者故事》（1824）6.Charles the Second 《查理二世》or The Merry Monarch 《快乐君主》（Washington Irving&John Howard Payne华盛顿.欧文&约翰.霍华德.佩恩）7. A History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus 《克里斯托弗.哥伦布生平及航海历史》（1828）8. A Chronic of the Conquest of Granada 《格拉纳达征服编年史》（1829）9.Voyages and Discovery of the Companions of Columbus 《哥伦布同伴航海及发现》（1831）10.The Alhambra 《阿尔罕伯拉》（1832）11.Legends of the Conquest of Spain （in The Crayon Miscellany, 1835）《西班牙征服传说》（1832）（收录在1835年的《见闻札记》）12.A Tour on the Prairies 《草原游记》（1835）13.Astoria 《阿斯托利亚》（1836）14.The Adventures of Captain Bonneville 《博纳维尔船长历险记》（1837）15.Life of Oliver Goldsmith 《奥利弗.戈尔德史密斯》16.Life of Gorge Washington 《乔治.华盛顿传》17.The Author’s Account of Himself 《作者自叙》18.The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 《睡谷传奇》Chapter 10→James Fenimore Cooper （詹姆斯.芬尼莫.库珀）1.The Spy 《间谍》（1821）2.The Pilot 《领航者》（1823）3.The Leatherstocking Tales 《皮袜子故事集》（1823-1841）{ 该故事集由5部小说组成，该集子并不是按写作顺序来安排的，而是按事件发展的先后顺序重新编排，即：TheDeerslayer（《杀鹿者》）；The Last of the Mohicans《最后的莫希干人》；The Pathfinder《探路人》；The Pioneers《拓荒者》；The Prairie《大草原》}Chapter 11→William Cullen Bryant （威廉.卡伦.布莱恩特）1.Thanatopsis《死亡思考/死之思考》（1817）2.To a Waterfowl《致水鸟》（is perhaps the peak of his work 是其巅峰之作）Chapter 12→Edgar Allan Poe （埃德加.艾伦.坡）1.MS. Found in a Bottle 《金瓶子城的方德先生》2.The Fall of the House of Usher《鄂榭府崩溃记》3.Tales Of the Grotesque and Arabesque《述异集》（1840）4.The Raven《乌鸦》（1845）5.To Helen《给海伦》6.Annabel Lee《安娜贝尔.李》Chapter 13→Ralph Waldo Emerson（拉尔夫.沃尔多.爱默生）1.Nature《论自然》（1836）2.Two speeches（正真让他功成名就的是两次演讲）：The American Scholar《美国学者》（agreat statements 一篇优秀的论说文）& Divinity School Address《神学院致辞》3.Poem《诗集》（1847）4.Essay《随笔录》5.Representative Men《代表》（1850）6.English Traits《英国人》（1856）7.Nature《论自然》8.Self-Reliance《论自助》Chapter 14→Henry David Thoreau（亨利.戴维.梭罗）1.Walden《沃尔登》（1854）Chapter 15→Nathaniel Hawthorne （纳撒尼尔.霍桑）1.The House of the Seven Gables《七个尖角阁的房子》2.Mosses from an Old Manse《古厦青苔》（1846）3.The Scarlet Letter 《红字》（1850）The Scarlet Letter is the introductory chapter of The Scarlet Letter. 《海关》是《红字》的前言。
4.The Blithedale Romance《睡谷传奇》（1852）5.The Marble Faun《玉石神像》（1860）6.Ethan Bland《伊桑.布兰德》7.Young Goodman Brown《好小伙子布朗》8.Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment《海德格博士的体验》9.The Ambitious Guest《野心勃勃的客人》10.The Great Stone《巨石脸》（allegorical stories寓言性小说）Chapter 16→Herman Melville （赫尔曼.麦尔维尔）1.Moby-Dick《白鲸》2.Typee《泰比》（1846）3.Omoo《欧穆》（1847）4.Redburn《雷德本》（1849）5.White-Jacket《白外衣》（1850）6.Billy Budd《比利.伯德》（1924）（short novel短篇小说）7.Benito Cereno《班内托.西兰尼》（short novel短篇小说）8.Mardi《玛地》9.Pierre《皮埃尔》10.Bartleby the Scrivener《书记员巴特贝》Chapter 17→Henry Wadsworth Longfellow （亨利.沃兹沃斯.朗费罗）1. A Psalm of Life《人生礼赞》2.The Slave’s Dream《奴隶的梦》3.My Lost Youth《逝去的青春》4.The Song of Hiawatha《海华沙的禁食》5.Outre-Mer《海外游记》（1833-1835）6.The Poets and Poetry of Europe《欧美诗人及诗歌》（1845）7.Hyperion《许珀里翁》（1839）（prose散文）8.The Wreck of the Hesperus《金星号遇难》9. A Psalm of Life《人生礼赞》10.Excelsior《精益求精》11.The Village Blacksmith《乡村铁匠》12.My Lost Youth《逝去的青春》Part IV The Literature of Realism （现实主义文学）Chapter 18→Walt Whitman（沃尔特.惠特曼）1.Leaves of Grass 《草叶集》（In the cluster of poems he called Leaves of Grass he gave Americaits first genuine epic poem其《草叶集》以一系列诗歌成为美国文学史上第一部地道的史诗）2.Song of Myself 《自己之歌》3.I Sit and Look Out 《我坐在这眺望着》4.Beat! Beat! Beat! 《敲呀！敲呀!敲呀！》Chapter 19→Emily Dickinson （艾米莉.狄金森）1.I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed《我品尝未经酿造的饮料》2.I Felt a Funeral, in My Brain《我感受了一场葬礼，在脑中》3. A Bird Came Down the Walk《鸟儿沿着小径过来》4.I Dead for Beauty—But Was Scarce《我为美而死》5.I Heard a Fly Buzz—When I Died—《我听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声—在临死之前》6.Because I Could Not Stop for Death《因为我不能停下来等候死神》Chapter 20→Harriet Beecher Stowe（哈丽雅特.比彻.斯托）女性作家1.Uncle Tom’s Cabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》or The Man That Was a Thing 《一个卑贱者的生活》（as it was originally entitled 《一个卑贱者的生活》是它初始的冠名）2. A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin《汤姆叔叔小屋题解》3. A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp 《德雷德，阴暗大沼地的故事》Chapter 21→Mark Twin（马克.吐温）1.The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County 《跳蛙》（1867）2.Innocents Abroad《傻子出国记》（1869）3.Roughing It《艰苦岁月》（1872）4.The Gild Age《镀金时代》（1873）5.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer《汤姆.索亚历险记》（1876）6.Life on the Mississippi《密西西比河上的生活》（1883）7.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn《哈克贝里.费恩历险记》（1884）8.Pudd’nhead Wilson《傻瓜威尔逊》（1894）9.The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg 《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》（1900）10.What Is Man 《什么是人》（1906）11.The Mysterious Stranger《神秘来客》（1916）12.Autobiography《自传》（1907）Chapter 22→O. Henry（欧.亨利）1.The Four Million《四百万》（Probably his best volume is The Four Million. 《四百万》可能是他最好的小说集）2.An Unfinished Story《未完成的故事》3. A Retrieved Reformation《旧知》4.The Gift of the Magi《麦琪的礼物》5. A Municipal Report《市政报告》6.Phoebe《月亮女神》7. A Lickpenny Lover《吝啬爱人》8.The Furnished RoomChapter 23→Henry James（亨利.詹姆斯）1.Watch and Ward《观察和守护》（his first novel）2.Roderick Hudson《罗德里克.赫德森》（1875）3.The American《美国人》（1877）4.Daisy Miller《黛西.米勒》（1878）5.The Portrait of a Lady《一个贵妇人的画像》（1881）6.The Bostonians《波士顿人》（1886）7.The Princess Casamassima《卡萨玛西玛公主》（1886）8.The Tragic Muse《悲惨的缪斯》（1890）9.The Wings of the Dove《鸽翼》（1902）10.The Ambassadors《大使》（1903）11.The Golden Bowl《金碗》（1904）Chapter 24→Jack London（杰克.伦敦）1. The People of the Abyss 《深渊中的人们》（1903）2. The Iron Heel 《铁蹄》（1908）3. The War of the Classes 《阶级的斗争》（1905）4. Revolution 《革命》（1910）5. The Call of the Wild 《荒野的呼唤》（19036. The Sea Wolf 《海狼》（1904）7.The Son of the Wolf 《狼子》（1900）（his first collection of stories 他的第一本故事集）8. White Fang 《白牙》（1906）9. The Law of Life 《生活的法则》10. Martin Eden 《马丁.伊登》Chapter 25→ Theodore Dreiser （西奥多.德莱塞s è）1. Sister Carrie 《嘉莉妹妹》（1900）2. Nigger Jeff 《尼吉尔.杰夫》3. Butcher Bogaum ’s Daughter 《巴塞尔.洛格劳的女儿》4.Jannie Gerhardt 《珍妮姑娘》（1911）（that marked his turn to writing as a full-time career 这本作品是他走上专职作家创作道路的标志）5. The Financier 《金融家》（19126. The Tian 《巨人》（1914）7. The Stoic 《斯多葛》（1947）8. The “Genius ” 《天才》（1915）9. An American Tragedy 《美国悲剧》（1925）（Dreiser ’s greatest and most successful novel 德莱塞最为辉煌、最为成功的小说）10. Dreiser Looks at Russia 《德莱塞访苏印象记》（1927）Part V Twentieth-Century Literature （二十世纪文学）Chapter 26→ Ezra Pound （埃兹拉.庞德）1. Waste Land 《荒原》（1922）2. Homage to Sextus Propertius 《向赛克斯图.普罗佩提多斯致敬》3. Personae 《人物》或《人格面具》（a volume 诗集）4. The Cantos 《诗章》（1917）The Pisan Canto 《比萨诗章》（1948）Rock-Dill 《石锯》（1955）5. A Virginal 《处女无暇》6. Salutation the Second 《再次致意》7. A Pact 《合同》8. In a Station of the Metro 《在地铁车站》9. The River-Merchant ’s Wife: A Letter 《长干行》Chapter 27→ Edwin Arlington Robinson （埃德温.阿林顿.杰克逊）1. The House on the Hill 《山上的古屋》2. Richard Cory 《查理.珂理》3. Miniver Cheevy 《米尼弗.4. Tilbury Town5. Captain Craig 《克雷格舰长》（1904）6.Merlin《默林》ncelot《兰斯洛特》8.Tristram《特拉斯特拉姆》Chapter 28→Robert Froster（罗伯特.弗洛斯特）1. A Boy’s Will《少年的心愿》（1913）2.North of Boston《波士顿以北》（1914）3.Mountain Interval《山间洼地》（1916）4.New Hampshire《新罕布什尔》（1923）5.West-Running Brook《西流的溪涧》（1928）6. A Further Range《又一片牧场》（1936）7. A Witness Trees《见证树》（1942）8.Steeple Bush《绒毛绣线菊》（1947）9.In the Clearing《空旷地》（1962）10.After Apple-Picking《摘苹果之后》11.The Road Not Taken《没有走的路》12.Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening《雪夜林边小立》13.Departmental《职责分明，各管各的》14.Design《天意》15.The Most of It《它至多是》Chapter 29→Carl Sandburg（卡尔.桑德堡）1.Chicago《芝加哥》（1914）2.Chicago Poem《芝加哥诗集》（1916）3.Cornhuskers《剥玉米的人》（1918）4.Smoke and Steel《烟与钢》（1920）5.Slabs of the Sunburnt West《大峡谷石壁夕照》（1922）6.Cool Tombs《冰冷的墓》7.Flash Crimson《闪烁的深红》8.The American Songbag《美国歌谣汇编》（1927）9.The People, Yes《人民，是的》（1936）10.Rootabaga Stories《路特拜故事集》11.Steichen the Photographer《摄影家斯泰肯》（1929）12.Marry Lincoln《玛丽.林肯》（1932）13.Abraham Lincoln《阿伯拉罕.林肯》（His major works in prose他的散文代表作）It begin with two-volume The Prairie Year（1926）culminating in The War Years（1939）该书开头部分是1926年出版的两卷本《大草原岁月》，高潮部分则是1939年出版的四卷本《战争岁月》14.The Prairie Year《大草原岁月》（1926）15.The War Years《战争岁月》（1939）（won the Pulitzer Prize in 1940）16.The Harbor《港湾》17.Fog《雾》18.Cool Tombs 《冰冷的墓》19.Flash Crimson《闪烁的深红》20.The People, Yes《人民，是的》Chapter 30→Wallace Stevens（华莱士.斯蒂文斯）1.Harmonium《风琴》（1923）2.Ideas of Order《关于秩序的思想》（1935）3.The Man with the Blue Guitar《带蓝吉他的人》（1937）4.Parts of a World《世界的各个部分》（1942）5.Transport to Summer《入夏》（1947）6.The Auroras of Autumn《秋天的曙光》（1950）7.The Necessary Angle《必要的天使》（1951）8.Collected Poem《诗歌合集》（1954）9.Opus Posthumous《遗着》（1957）10.Letters《书信集》（1966）11.Sunday Morning《星期日早晨》12.Peter Quince the Clavier《彼得.昆士弹琴》13.Anecdote of the Jar《坛子的轶事》14.The Emperor of Ice-Cream《冰淇淋皇帝》Chapter 31→T. S. Eliot（托马斯.斯特恩斯.艾略特）1.Prufrock and Other Observations《普鲁弗洛克及其他一些观察》（his first book of poems）2.Gerontion《小老头》3.The Sacred Wood《圣林》（1920）4.Traditional and the Individual Talent《传统与个人天才》5.The Waste Land《荒原》（1922）6.The Hollow Men《空心人》（1925）7.Ash-Wednesday《圣灰星期三》（1930）8.Four Quartets《四个四重奏》（1936-1942；1943）9.Homage to John Dryden《向德莱顿致敬》（1924）10.For Lancelot Andrewes《致兰斯洛特.安德鲁斯》（1928）11.Sweeney Agonistes《斯威尼的论战》12.Marina《玛丽娜》（1930）Chapter 32Chapter 33Chapter 34Chapter 35。