熊海虹主编《高等学校研究生英语综合教程_上》Unit_8

高等院校研究生英语系列教材综合教程（上）INTEGRATED COURSEUnit 8Smarter TransportationStarting outReading FocusReading MorePractical TranslationFocused WritingFinal ProjectTask 1Work in pairs. Choose your favorite car from the cars given on P220 and tell your partner why you like it best.Task 2Role play.Work out a conversation with your partner in which one of you dreams of having a car and lists the benefits,while the other plays the opposing role and complains about the damage caused by cars.Useful words and expressions:Benefits: convenient, comfortable, luxurious, enjoy freedom, higher standard of living, privacy, independence, take better care of the young and the aged, protected from pick pockets,Shortcomings: jam the roads, energy-consuming, high cost, emissions, air pollution, theft from car parks, breakdowns, stressful driving.Task 3Discuss with your group members how to solve the problem of traffic congestion in cities?You may give some suggestions on how to improve the roads and traffic regulations and how to make cars smarter to avoid being caught in traffic jams.GPS (Global Positioning System) guides drivers to the right place without wondering about on the streets.Cars can be made smaller, too. The latest concept cars are foldable in order to save parking space.The Hidden Danger of Seat BeltsGlobal Understanding 2Detailed Information 3Critical Thinking4Language Points5Vocabulary in Action6Background Information1It is well-known that seat belt is one of the safety measures aiming to save lives,prevent injuries,and reduce car crashes.Why does the writer say there are“hidden dangers”caused by buckling seat belts?Would you give an example to support this statement?Reading Focus –Global UnderstandingIt’s common knowledge that ___________________________________. But, according to JohnAdams ________________________________________. Adams explains his research in terms of ______________. For example, seat belts may cause _______________________, and thus pose risks to ______________________________________. There are many factors that affect risk, including _______________________________.Complete the following extract.seat belts decrease our .risk of dying in an accident the reality is messier and more complicated than that risk compensation people to drive more recklessly other passengers or pedestrians as well as themselves financial, physical or emotional rewardsTask 2Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text. Key:1 2 34 5 6 78 9 10A BA AB B A B B AReading FocusCritical ThinkingStep OneIn the text, the author said:Seat belts may actually cause people to drive morerecklessly.Seat belts save lives.A young man is 100 times more likely to be involved ina severe car crash than is a middle-aged woman.Step TwoDiscuss in groups:What safety measures have been included in car designs?Why does John Adams say that driving at3:00a.m.on a Sunday one is more than100times morelikely to die than someone driving at10:00a.m.?Can you explain this situation according to the risk compensation theory?1. Seat belts still decrease our risk of dying in an accident,but the statistics are not all black and white. (Para. 1)black and white:1) (of a photograph, film, television programme, orillustration) in black, white, shades of grey, and no other coloure.g.old black-and-white movies2) (of a situation or debate) involving clearly definedopposing principles or issuese.g.It was all grey areas; no black-and-white certainties.2. What he found was that contrary to conventional wisdom,mandating the use of seat belts in 18 countries resulted in either no change or actually a net increase in road accident deaths.(Para. 2)mandate: require (something) to be done; make mandatory e.g.The government began mandating better car safety.3.If he is wearing a seat belt and his car has front and sideair bags and anti-skid brakes to boot,he may in turn drive a bit more daringly.(Para.3)to boot:used at the end of a list of remarks to emphasize theme.g.1)He is kind,handsome and wealthy to boot.2)She was a great sportswoman,and beautiful to boot.4.In the case of seat belts,instead of a simple,straightforward reduction in deaths,the end result is actually a more complicated redistribution of risk and fatalities.(Para.4)redistribute:v.to give something to each member of a group so that it is divided up in a different way from before 再分配，再分发e.g.:Their primary concern was to redistribute income fromrich to poor.5.Consequently,any single measurement assigned to therisk of driving a car is bound to be only the roughest sort of benchmark.(Para.5)benchmark:something that is used as a standard by which other things can be judged or measured基准e.g.1)The valuation becomes a benchmark against whichto judge other prices.2)Tests at the age of seven provide a benchmarkagainst which the child’s progress at school can bemeasured.Key to step 11-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-Task 1Step 1Match the words in the left column with their correct meanings in the right column. Note that each word has more than one meaning.e, m c, j b, q g, n a, f, l h, i k, o d, pboot bound fatal negotiate net the odds reward vacuumStep 2Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word or phrase and write down the corresponding meaning (marked a—q in the table above) at the end of each sentence. Change the form if necessary.Key to step 21-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-boot (m)vacuum (p)rewarded(o)reward (k)net (f)negotiating (n)odds (h)odds (i)Fatal (b)negotiations (g)Task 2Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word or phrase from each group.Change the form if necessary.1. black and white in black and whiteA. Part of the problem is that we only see the issues as__________________.B. Once it’s down ________________, you can’t forget it.C. I still get a thrill seeing re-runs of old _______________ movies on Saturday afternoon television.black and white in black and whiteblack-and-whiteReading Focus –Vocabulary in Action2. on the scene behind the scenes set the sceneA. The accident victim died before the ambulance arrived______________.B. Foster ______________ before the performance so that the audience knows what to expect.C. Women make their contribution in the world either inhigh-profile or _______________.on the scene set the scenebehind the scene3. make a difference make all the difference make any difference make no differenceA. He told me he should have been more careful, but that it would ___________________.B. The lighting will __________________ to how well people can see the picture.C. Will exercise ____________________ to my chances of getting fat?D. A few kind words at the right time _______________________________.make no difference make a difference make any difference make allthe difference4. work on work out work againstA. If you ___________ it steadily you should win through inthe end.B. Criticising the security procedures usually ___________ making them effective.C. Why don ’t you leave him here till you see how things___________?work on work againstwork out5. spread out spread through spread toA. Buddhism _________ China from India.B. Felix watched his men ____________ to cover the whole area.C. A mass movement against forced labor ______________the state.spread to spread outspread through词汇的翻译翻译词汇时最忌讳的可以说是一个词对应一个词地“死译”,即不考虑词的深层含义以及词在短语中的含义，而是生搬硬套地逐词翻译，从而曲解了原文。