CONVECTION CURRENTS & THE MANTLE - Vancouver …地幔对流电流&温哥华……
自然地理方面的专业词汇
(CGIS加拿大地理信息系统).(EOS地球观测系统)A composite overlay 复合叠加a digital three-dimensional data set 三维空间数据集a wide array of （大量的）abiotic（非生物的。
无生命的）Active Remote Sensing 主动遥感Aerial （航空的）American Geographical Society 美国地理学会an enormous cell membrance 一个巨大的细胞Antarctic 南极Anthropology人类学arctic 北冰洋Argon 氩气Association（协会，联盟，社团）Assumption 假设。
假定Astronomy 天文学atlantic 大西洋atmosphere circulation 大气环流atmosphere composition criterion 大气成分组成atmosphere profile 大气轮廓attributes（属性）AVHRR高级甚高分辨率辐射仪)Axis 轴线，中心线Backscatter 后向反射backscatter.（背反射反向反射）barometer 晴雨表barometer.气压计basalt 玄武岩Basin 河段bike rack locations （自行车车架位置）biogeochemical nutrient cycling 生物地理化学物质循环Biogeochemical nutrient cyclingbiology watcher 生物观察者Biosphere 生物圈Biosphere 生物圈Biosphere.生物圈bleaching（漂白的blended 混合的Boundaries 边界，界限Brittle 易碎的brittle（易碎的，脆弱的）brittle脆弱的易碎的broadband system （宽带系统）broadcast communications 广播通信by-product 副产品carbohydrates（碳水化合物。
2020英语人教选修6同步刷题增分练(有解析)：5.2
Section ⅡLearning about Language & Using Language1．glance_through 匆匆看一遍2．vary_from..._to... 由……到……不等3．be_home_to 为……之栖息地；原产地4．be_rewarded_with 得到……回报/奖赏5．give_birth_to 生产；产生6．have_a_gift_for 有……的天赋7．such_as 例如8．pick_upI think the_boy_is_likely_to_achieve_success_in_painting,_but he needs training.我认为那个男孩儿有可能会在绘画方面取得成功，但是他需要训练。
2．“only＋不定式”结构Having heard a scream, I rushed downstairs only_to_see_my_hostess_lying_unconscious_on_the_floor,_surrounded by her guests.听到一声尖叫后，我冲到楼下，却看到我的女主人躺在地上，不省人事，周围都是她的客人。
3．not only... but also...不仅……而且……When you arrive you are rewarded not_only_with_the_sight_of_its_clear_waters,_but_also_by_the_view_of...你一到达山顶就会得到回报——你不仅可以看到天池那清澈的湖水，而且可以看到……4．It is said that...据说……It_is_said_that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion...据说这个男孩，他具有很强的语言天赋和说服力……1.shoot vt.单句语法填空(1)The murderer was_shot (shoot) in the back while trying to escape.(2)He shot (shoot) two goals in the game.易混辨析shoot, shoot atHe is shooting_at a bird, but he doesn't shoot it.2．anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的用anxious的相关词语完成句子我的女儿学习很努力，因为她渴望上大学。
可再生能源
Renewable Energy Resources可再生能源资源1.Introduction引言Some sources of energy are known as renewable energy resources.This is because,unlike non-renewable energy resources,they will not run out.一些能源被称为可再生能源资源。
这是因为,不像不可再生能源资源,他们不会用完。
Renewable energy resources include solar energy,geothermal energy,energy from the wind or waves,energy from tides and energy from biomass.可再生能源包括太阳能、地热能、风能或波浪能、潮汐能和来自生物的能量。
2.Solar energy太阳能Every year the earth receives about 3*1010 billion kilojoule of energy. This energy drives processed in the atmosphere that cause the wind and waves.每年地球接收大约3×1011亿千焦耳的能量。
这种能量驱动在大气中处理,导致风和波浪。
Some energy is absorbed by green plants and used to make food by photosynthesis.So ultimately,the sun is source of most energy resources available to us,including fossil fuels.一些能源被绿色植物吸收,并用来通过光合作用制造食物。
九年级地球板块漂移单选题50题
九年级地球板块漂移单选题50题1. Which of the following best defines a tectonic plate?A. A large, movable piece of the Earth's lithosphereB. A small fragment of the Earth's crustC. A layer of water beneath the Earth's surfaceD. A type of rock found only in mountains答案：A。
解析：地球板块是地球岩石圈的大型可移动部分。
选项A准确地描述了板块的这一特性。
选项B说板块是地壳的小碎片是错误的，板块是较大的部分。
选项C说板块是地球表面下的一层水，这与板块的定义完全无关，板块是岩石圈的部分。
选项D说板块是只在山脉中发现的一种岩石，也是错误的，板块涵盖的范围更广，不仅仅与山脉相关。
2. How many major tectonic plates are there on Earth approximately?A. 5B. 7C. 10D. 12答案：B。
解析：地球上大约有7个主要的板块。
选项A中的5个不符合事实。
选项C的10个和选项D的12个也都不是正确的主要板块数量。
3. Tectonic plates are mainly composed of _.A. only soilB. only magmaC. lithosphere which includes crust and upper mantleD. water and air答案：C。
解析：板块主要由岩石圈组成，岩石圈包括地壳和上地幔。
选项A说板块仅由土壤组成是错误的，土壤只是地壳表面很薄的一部分。
选项B说仅由岩浆组成也不对，岩浆不是板块的主要组成部分。
选项D说由水和空气组成，这与板块的组成毫无关系。
航海英语(20)
Unit 20MarineWeather航海气象Fogs and Other Phenomena Affecting Visibility雾及其它阻碍能见度的现象1.Advection fog平流雾This is the most widespread type likely to be encountered at sea and is caused by relatively warm air being cooled by flowing over a cooler sea surface. The latter will be below the dew-point of the air and normally the wind speed will be between 4 and 16 knots ( between force 2 and 4 on the Beaufort Scale). There are only certain localities where the cold Labrador current causes a decrease in sea temperature. The warm ,moist southerly air stream flowing over this is cooled below its dew-point to form advection, or sea fog.这是海上最多见的一种雾，其成因是热气团遭遇较冷海面。
接下来温度将低于该气团的露点温度。
一样情形下风速为4到6节(蒲福风力2 到4 之间)。
这种情形仅在某些地址比较盛行。
其中之一是新大陆的沿海，拉布拉多冷流造成海域温度下降。
温暖潮湿的南部气团通过该海域是降至露点温度以下，形成水平对流或是海雾。
The English Channel is often affected by advection fog when southwesterly winds reach the British Isles from the Azores in spring and early summer.春天和初夏日节，当西南风从Azores抵达British Isles时，英吉利海峡常常受到平流的阻碍。
地球是我们的家园英文作文
地球是我们的家园英文作文英文回答：Earth, our home, is a vibrant tapestry of ecosystems, teeming with an astonishing array of life forms. Its azure oceans, emerald forests, and towering mountains paint a breathtaking canvas that nourishes and sustains us.Earth's atmosphere, a protective envelope, shields us from the harshness of space. It filters out harmfulradiation and regulates temperature, creating a hospitable environment for life to flourish.Our planet's hydrosphere, a vast network of water bodies, is essential for all living organisms. Oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers provide a habitat for countless species and regulate the Earth's climate.The Earth's crust, the outermost layer, is a complex mosaic of continents and oceans. It is the foundation uponwhich we build our cities, cultivate our crops, and extract the resources we rely on.The Earth's mantle, the layer beneath the crust, is a constantly moving mass of molten rock. Its convection currents generate magnetic fields, which protect us from harmful solar radiation.Earth's core, at its center, is a solid, iron-rich ball. It generates the Earth's magnetic field and is the driving force behind plate tectonics, which shapes the Earth's surface.Earth's interconnected systems – the atmosphere, hydrosphere, crust, mantle, and core – work in harmony to maintain a delicate balance that supports life. Thisintricate web of interactions has evolved over billions of years and allowed for the emergence of complex organismslike ourselves.As stewards of this precious planet, we have a responsibility to protect and preserve its fragileecosystems. By embracing sustainable practices, reducingour carbon footprint, and valuing biodiversity, we can ensure that Earth remains a habitable home for generationsto come.中文回答：地球，我们的家园，是一个充满活力的生态系统，拥有种类繁多的生命形式。
托福阅读素材：斑马条纹到底有何用
托福阅读素材：斑马条纹到底有何用?Zebra Stripes May Be More For Cooling Than CamouflageHow did zebras get their stripes? It's hard to get a black-and-white answer.斑马身上的条纹是如何形成的?我们很难得到确切的答案。
Some scientists say the stripes are a form of camouflage that protects zebras from hungry lions. Others say they're key to zebra mating rituals. Just last year, researchers published research suggesting that the stripes repel biting flies, thus protecting the animals from diseases flies sometimes carry.有些科学家认为，条纹是一种伪装的形式，保护斑马免落狮口。
另一些科学家则认为，条纹在斑马的求偶仪式中起到关键作用。
2014年，有研究人员发表研究称，条纹能够赶走苍蝇，保护斑马远离苍蝇经常传播的疾病。
But a peculiar new study offers yet another possible explanation: the stripes help the zebras stay cool in their sometimes sweltering habitats.一项特殊新研究提供了另一种可能的解释：斑马的栖息地有时会变得闷热难耐，条纹能助它们保持凉爽。
"We discovered that temperature is an important predictor of how stripy plains zebra are," Dr. Brenda Larison, an assistant researcher atthe University of California, Los Angeles and the study's lead author, told The Huffington Post in an email. "Zebra in areas with seasonal cold temperatures are less stripy than those in areas with sustained warm temperatures."“我们发现，温度差异是决定平原斑马条纹的一个重要因素，”这项研究报告的主要作者，美国加州大学洛杉矶分校助理研究员布伦达·拉尔松博士在写给《赫芬顿邮报》的一封电子邮件中说，“季节性低温地区的斑马，条纹比气候持续温暖地区的斑马要少。
雅思阅读各题型4个技巧亲授
雅思阅读各题型4个技巧亲授雅思阅读的难度是逐年的水涨船高。
今日我给大家带来了雅思阅读各题型4个技巧亲授,盼望能够关心到大家，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
【雅思阅读技巧】雅思阅读各题型4个技巧亲授1、信息段落配对题雅思阅读中的段落信息配对题始终是同学们取得高分的拦路虎。
我们先来分析一下这种题型的特点和难点。
配对题考察的重点只有一个，那就是同义替换。
配对题看似简洁，由于只要找到信息在那一段落就可以了，不需要像推断题那样的深度理解和规律推断。
但是，尤其对于阅读功底不强的同学，这种题目特别麻烦。
同学们会发觉有的题目和原文对应的出题句样子长的一点都不一样，没有任何一个词是原词消失，但他们的确表达的一个意思。
例如，剑桥雅思4第三套题第三篇文章中的配对题28题，题目是the importance of taking notes of body language,文中对应的句子却是the recording has to be supplemented by the observer’swritten comments of the non-verbal behavior of the participants. 这两个句子没有一个词是一样的，但细心的同学能发觉很明显的三组同义替换那就是重要性、肢体语言、做笔记。
由于配对题改写严峻的特点，配对题的定位词很难确定，很多在推断题中不会改写的名词在配对题中也被改的面目全非。
再加上配对题的出题挨次没有任何规律可言，还常常消失NB----一个段落里包含两个题目信息，所以这种题型蒙对的概率特别低。
原则上来讲，配对题每做一道题都需要全文通读，由于每一题都可能在文中的任何位置。
配对题的难度是显而易见的，但是再难的题，我们也能把握其出题规律，找到最高效、快捷的做出尽可能多答案的方法。
这种题在考场上我们确定是没有时间去读许多遍文章的，我们必需做到文章读一遍，全部的题目就处理完了。
煤矿专业英语笔记
矿业英语专业英语Overhaul 彻底检修，详细检查Overhauling 大修，拆修Trouble-shooting 故障检修Standby/reserve 备用Power supply 供电Blowing out 停风Power cut 停电Precision 精度On file 存档For future reference 备查Per shift 每班Switch over 切换Tripping operation 跳闸Watch keeper 值班人Operation department 调度室Full time 专职Give clear indication of 注明Two phase/three phase 两相，三相（电）Anti-explosion 防爆waterproof 防水fireprevention/flameproof 防火Anti-Static/static-free 防静电Faulty operation/misoperation 误操作Collision 冲突，抵触People-based concept 以人为本earth-leakage protection 漏电保护ventilation reversal 反向通风network solution 网络解算fan selection 风机优选V entilation network graph 通风网络图V entilating facility 通风构筑物Regulator spot 调节点technical measure 技术措施Exterior leakage 外部漏风率zoned ventilation 分区通风top corner，upper corner 上隅角calamity [kə'læməti] prevention灾害预防grouting 注浆，灌浆construction technology 施工工艺general engineer 总工程师transformer 变压器dust control &removal 粉尘防治Mechanized coal face 综采工作面carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbon monoxide 一氧化碳nitrogen dioxide 二氧化氮sulfureted hydrogen 硫化氢ammonia [ə'məunjə] 氨wind leakage ratio 漏风率gas concentration/gas density 瓦斯浓度galery/road way 巷道intake airway 进风巷道return aircourse/airway 回风巷道air pipe 风筒static pressure 静压gas outburst 瓦斯突出gas extraction 瓦斯抽放provisions 规定，条款prescribe 规定，指示（令）dust and fumes 粉尘和烟雾press differences 压差natural draft 自然通风natural draft flow 自然通风风流natural draft pressure 自然风压convection currents 对流circulation of air （井下）受控风流exhausting fan 抽出式扇风机axial-flow['æksiəl] fan 轴流式扇风机blade/vane 叶片be throw outward 向外抛出casing 机壳fan drift 扇风机风硐，扇风机引风道upcast air 回风流chief feature 主要零部件centrifugal force 离心力rotor 转子，叶轮circular casing 圆形机壳booster 辅助装置，增压器，辅扇headings 巷道端头，平巷掘进（工作）blind end盲巷workings 井下巷道pit-bottom 井底车场driving motor 驱动电动机split 风流分支separate returns 单独（各别）的回风巷道working areas 采区multiple circuits 并联风路stoppings 风墙forthwith 立即masonry 砖石（建筑，工程）door 风门short-circuiting 短路erect 建立，安装rubber beading 橡胶垫圈sheet/brattice 风障，挡幕sacking 粗麻布，麻袋leakproof 密封，防止漏风roof bar 顶梁aircrossing/overcast 风桥air-tight 不漏气的regulator 调节器，调节风门，风窗sliding door 滑门，活动门in the event of 如果。
与地理英文单词
与地理英文单词地理是研究地球的科学，其中涉及大量的专业术语和英文单词。
地理英文单词的学习对于了解地理学概念以及进行地理研究非常重要。
本文将介绍一些常用的地理英文单词，以及它们的定义和应用。
1. Latitude（纬度）Latitude refers to the distance between a point on the Earth’s surface and the equator. It is measured in degrees, with 0 degrees being the equator and 90 degrees being the North or South Pole. Latitude affects climate and weather patterns, with higher latitudes experiencing colder temperatures.2. Longitude（经度）Longitude refers to the distance between a point on the Earth’s surface and the prime meridian. It is also measured in degrees, with 0 degrees being the prime meridian (located in Greenwich, London) and 180 degrees being the International Date Line. Longitude helps determine time zones and is used for navigation purposes.3. Elevation（海拔）Elevation, also known as altitude, is the height of a point on the Earth’s surface above sea level. It is usually measured in meters or feet. Elevation influences temperature, precipitation, and vegetation in an area. Mountainous regions generally have higher elevations compared to coastal areas.4. Plate tectonics（板块构造）Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that explains the movement and interaction of the Earth's lithosphere, which is divided into several large and small plates. These plates float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere and can move due to convection currents. Plate tectonics is responsible for earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountain ranges.5. Erosion（侵蚀）Erosion refers to the process of wearing away and removal of soil, rocks, or other geological materials from the Earth's surface. It is primarily caused by wind, water, and ice. Erosion can shape the landscape, create valleys and canyons, and contribute to the formation of sediment deposits.6. Climate（气候）Climate refers to the long-term weather patterns and conditions in a particular region. It is determined by factors such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind patterns. Climate zones include tropical, temperate, and polar regions, each with distinct characteristics and vegetation.7. Biome（生物群落）A biome is a large ecological community characterized by its distinct climate, vegetation, and animal life. Examples of biomes include forests, deserts, grasslands, and tundra. Each biome has specific adaptations of plants and animals to survive in its unique environmental conditions.8. Biodiversity（生物多样性）Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms in a specific area, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. High biodiversity is essential for a healthy ecosystem and provides benefits such as pest control, nutrient cycling, and pollination. Deforestation and habitat destruction threaten biodiversity worldwide.9. Hydrology（水文学）Hydrology is the study of water and its movement on Earth, including its distribution, circulation, and properties. It involves examining the water cycle, precipitation, evaporation, groundwater, and surface water. Hydrologists analyze water resources and manage issues such as flooding, drought, and water pollution.10. Urbanization（城市化）Urbanization refers to the process of population movement from rural to urban areas, resulting in the growth and development of cities. It is often accompanied by changes in land use, infrastructure, and social systems. Urbanization presents challenges such as overcrowding, pollution, and socio-economic disparities.总结：本文介绍了一些与地理学相关的常用英文单词，包括纬度、经度、海拔、板块构造、侵蚀、气候、生物群落、生物多样性、水文学和城市化。
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CONVECTION CURRENTS & THE MANTLE
Radiation – the transfer of energy through empty space (ex: sunlight); takes place with no direct contact between a heat source and an object
CONVECTION CURRENTS & THE MANTLE
Convection in the Earth’s Mantle – Heat is from Earth’s core and from the mantle itself; rises into the asthenosphere
CONVECTION CURRENTS & THE MANTLE
CONVECTION CURRENTS & THE MANTLE
As the hot air rises, the cool air rushes in underneath to fill the space.
As the cool air warms up, it also rises, and air currents are created. The currents make the convection curler turn.
CONVECTION CURRENTS & THE MANTLE
CONVECTION CURRENTS & THE MANTLE
CONVECTION CURRENTS & THE MANTLE
Conduction – heat transfer by direct contact of particles of matter (ex: spoon getting hot in pot)
CONVECTION CURRENTS & THE MANTLE
When you are roasting marshmallows, the stick can heat up and burn your hand when you touch it due to conduction.
CONVECTION CURRENTS & THE MANTLE
Convection Current – The flow that transfers heat within a fluid; set in motion by the heating and cooling of the fluid, changes invity; continues as long as heat is added
CONVECTION CURRENTS & THE MANTLE
How can you use convection currents to explain why warm air rises?
CONVECTION CURRENTS & THE MANTLE
Convection - heat transfer by the movement of a heated fluid; heated particles of fluid begin to flow, transferring heat energy from one part of the fluid to another.
CONVECTION CURRENTS & THE MANTLE
CONVECTION CURRENTS & THE MANTLE
Heat Transfer - The movement of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object
Why will this girl burn her hand if she touches the pot?
CONVECTION CURRENTS & THE MANTLE
Types of Heat Transfer - Radiation, Conduction, and Convection.
CONVECTION CURRENTS & THE MANTLE
Heat travels from one object to another. When your warm hand touches the ice cube, some of the heat goes from your hand to the ice and begins to melt it.