科技英语论文写作(新)
科技论文写作英语写作

Research Reports for Business and Technical WritingWayneLosanoA surprising amount of one's time as a student and professional is spent reporting the results of one's research projects for presentation to teachers, managers, and clients. Indeed, without basic research skills and the ability to present research results clearly and completely, an individual will encounter many obstacles inschool and onthejob.The need for some research-writingability isfelt nearly equally by college students in all fields, engineering and science as well as business and the humanities.Graduate study oftenmakes great demands onthe student's research-writingskills,and most professions continue the demand;education, advertising and marketing, economics and accounting, science and engineering, psychology, anthropology, the arts, and agriculture may all require regular reporting of research data.ELEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH PAPERThe standard researchreport,regardless of the field or the intended reader,contains four major sections. These sections may be broken down into a variety of subsections, and they may be arranged in a variety of ways, but they regularly make up the core of the report.Problem Section. The first required section of a research report is the statement of the problem with which the research project is concerned.This sectionrequires a precise statement of the underlyingquestionwhichtheresearcher has set out to answer. In this same section there should be anexplanation of the significance - social, economic, medical, psychological, educational,etc.-of the question;inother words,why the investigationwas worth conducting. Thus, if we set out, for example, to answer the question "What is the effect of regular consumption of fast foods on the health of the American teenager?" we must explain that the question is thought to have significant relevance tothe healthof this segment of the'populationandmight leadtosomesort of regulations on such foods.A frequent subsection of this problem section is a review of past research on the topic being investigated. This would consist of summaries of the contributions of previous researchers tothe questionunder considerationwithsome assessmentof the value of these contributions. This subsection has rhetorical usefulness inthat it enhances the credibility of the researcher by indicating that the data presented is based ona thoroughknowledge of what has beendone inthe fieldand, possibly, grows out of some investigative tradition.Procedures Section. The second major sectionof the researchreport details,with as much data as possible, exactly how the study was carried out. This section includes descriptionof any necessary equipment,how the subjects were selectedifsubjects were used, what statistical technique was used to evaluate the significance of the findings, how many observations were made and when, etc. An investigationof the relative effectiveness of various swim-strokes would have todetail the number of swimmers tested, the nature of the tests conducted, theexperience of the swimmers, the weather conditions at the time of the tests, andany other factors that contributed to the overall experiment. The goal of the procedures section is to allow the reader to duplicate the experiment if such were desired to confirm, or refute, your findings.Results Section. The third, and perhaps most important, section of the research report is the presentation of the results obtained from the investigation. The basic rule inthis sectionis to give all data relevant to the researchquestioninitially asked. Although, of course, one's natural tendency might be to suppressany findings which do not in some way support one's hypothesis, such dishonesty is antithetical to good research reporting in any field. If the experiments undertaken fail to prove anything, if the data was inadequate or contrary to expectations, the report should be honestly writtenand as complete as possible,just as it would be if the hypothesis were totally proven by the research.Discussion Section . The final required section of a research report is a discussion of the results obtained and a statement of any conclusions which may be drawnfromthose results. Of primary interestinbusiness andtechnical researchreports is the validity of the results as the bases for company decisions: Will ourplanned construction project meet federal environmental guidelines and beapproved for building? Will this new program attract skilled personnel to our werethey validly obtained, arethey completeor limited, arethey applicableover awiderangeof circumstances? Thediscussion section should also point out what discussion section of theresearch report must evaluatetheresearch results fully:Thus, the company? Will this new oil recovery technique be financially feasible?questions remain unansweredandperhaps suggest directions for further research.STYLE OF RESEARCH REPORTSResearch reports are considered formal professional communication. As such, thereis li t leemphasis ona lively style,although,of course,thereis noobjectiontowriting that is pleasing and interesting. The primary goals of professional communication are accuracy, clarity, and completeness. The rough draft of any researchreport shouldbe editedtoensure that all data is correctly presented,thatall equipmentis listed,thatall results areproperly detailed.As anaidtothereader,headings indicating at least the major sections of the report should be used, and all data should be presented under the proper headings. In addition to their function of suggesting to the reader the contents of each section, headings enhance the formal appearance and professional quality of the report, increase to some degree the writer's credibility by reflecting a logical and methodical approach to the reporting process, and eliminate the need for wordy transitional devices between sections.Researchdata should be presented ina way that places proper emphasis onmajor aspects of the project.For different readers different aspects will take on different degrees of importance, and some consideration should be given to structuringresearchreports differently for different audiences.Management,forexample,will be most concerned withthe results of a researchproject,and thusthe results section should be emphasized, probably by presenting it immediately after the problemsection and before the procedures section.Other researcherswould be most interested in the procedures section, and this should be highlighted in writing up research projects for publication in professional journals or for presentation at professional conferences. For non-technical readers and federal agencies, the implications of the results might be the most important consideration, and emphasis should be placed on the discussion of the report for this readership.For additional clarity and emphasis, major results should be presented in a visual format - tables, charts, graphs, diagrams - as well as in a verbal one.Beyond checking the report for clarity and accuracy in the presentation of technical data,the author of a researchreport shouldreview for basic grammaticaland mechanical accuracy. Short sentences are preferable to long in the presentation of complex information. Listings should be used to break up long passages of prose and to emphasize information.The research writer should try to use the simplest possible language without sacrificing the professional quality of the report. Although specialized terms can be used, pretentious jargon should be avoided.A finishedre115searchreportshouldbe a readable anduseful documentprepared with the reader in mind.CONCLUSIONAlthough we struggle with research reports in high school, dread them in college, and are often burdened by them in our professional lives, learning to live comfortably withthemis a relatively easy task.A positive attitude(i.e.,one thatsees the oral or written presentation of research results as of equal importance to the data-gatheringprocess);anorderly approachwhichincludes prewriting(i.e.,before any actual researchis done,the researcher shouldtry togetdownonpaperas much about the subject under investigation as possible) and a formal research reportstructure as the framework for the investigation;anda reasonable approachto the actual writingprocess includingeditingfor accuracy and clarity,will helpone to produce effective research reports efficiently.。
英语科技类作文范文

英语科技类作文范文English:In the realm of technology, innovations have vastly improved our daily lives, changing the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world. The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and automation have led to more efficient and convenient ways of completing tasks. For instance, the rise of smart devices like smartphones and virtual assistants has made information accessible at our fingertips, enabling us to stay connected and informed. Moreover, technological breakthroughs in healthcare have revolutionized the medical field, from precision medicine to robotic surgeries, enhancing patient care and outcomes. In addition, the integration of technology in education has transformed traditional teaching methods, providing interactive learning experiences and personalized instruction for students. As we continue to push the boundaries of technology, the future holds endless possibilities for further innovation and progress.Translated content:在科技领域,创新大大改善了我们的日常生活,改变了我们与世界沟通、工作和互动的方式。
科技英文作文30字

科技英文作文30字
英文,Technology has greatly impacted our lives. For example, smartphones have become an essential part of our daily routine. We use them to communicate with others, navigate our way around, and even make purchases. Additionally, the internet has opened up a world of information and opportunities. We can learn new skills, connect with people from all over the world, and access entertainment with just a few clicks. However, technology also has its downsides, such as addiction and privacy concerns.
中文,科技对我们的生活产生了巨大的影响。
例如,智能手机已经成为我们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。
我们用它们来与他人沟通,导航,甚至购物。
此外,互联网打开了一个信息和机会的世界。
我们可以学习新技能,与来自世界各地的人联系,只需点击即可访问娱乐。
然而,科技也有其不利之处,如成瘾和隐私问题。
科技英语作文

科技英语作文In the 21st century, technology has become an integral partof our daily lives, and its influence is particularlyprofound in the field of education. The advent of theinternet, smartphones, and various educational software has revolutionized the way we learn and teach.One of the most significant impacts of technology oneducation is the shift towards personalized learning. Withthe help of intelligent systems, educators can now tailortheir teaching methods to meet the individual needs of each student. This approach not only enhances the learning experience but also improves the overall effectiveness of education.Another key aspect is the accessibility of information. The internet has opened up a vast repository of knowledge that is available at the click of a button. Students can now research topics in depth, access scholarly articles, and even take online courses from prestigious institutions around the world.Moreover, technology has also facilitated collaborative learning. With tools like video conferencing andcollaborative platforms, students can work together on projects, share ideas, and learn from their peers, regardless of geographical boundaries.However, the integration of technology in education alsopresents challenges. There is a digital divide where not all students have equal access to technological resources. Additionally, the over-reliance on technology can sometimes lead to a decrease in critical thinking and problem-solving skills.In conclusion, technology has brought about significant changes in the education sector. It has the potential to enhance learning outcomes, but it is crucial to address the challenges it presents to ensure that all students can benefit from these advancements. As we move forward, it is essential for educators and policymakers to work together to harness the power of technology for the betterment of education.。
与科技有关英文作文

与科技有关英文作文英文:When it comes to technology, I believe it has greatly impacted our lives in both positive and negative ways. On the positive side, technology has made our lives more convenient and efficient. For example, we can now easily communicate with people from all over the world through social media and messaging apps. We can also shop online and have our purchases delivered right to our doorstep. In addition, technology has greatly improved healthcare, allowing doctors to diagnose and treat illnesses more accurately and effectively.However, technology also has its downsides. One major negative impact is the decrease in face-to-face communication and social interaction. People are becoming more reliant on technology for communication, leading to a lack of personal connections and a decrease in empathy. Another issue is the potential for addiction to technology,such as social media or video games, which can lead to negative effects on mental health and productivity.Overall, while technology has greatly improved ourlives in many ways, it is important to be aware of its potential negative impacts and strive for a balance in our use of technology.中文:谈到科技,我认为它在积极和消极方面都对我们的生活产生了巨大影响。
体现科技的英文作文

体现科技的英文作文英文:Technology has had a profound impact on our daily lives, from the way we communicate to the way we work and even the way we entertain ourselves. In my opinion, technology has greatly improved the quality of our lives, making tasks easier and more efficient.One example of how technology has improved our lives is through the use of smartphones. With a smartphone, we can easily communicate with people from all over the world, access information on the internet, and even use it as atool for work or entertainment. It has become an essential tool for many people in their daily lives.Another example is the use of artificial intelligencein various industries. AI has the ability to analyze large amounts of data and provide insights that would be impossible for humans to do on their own. This has led toadvancements in fields such as healthcare, finance, and transportation, improving efficiency and accuracy.However, there are also concerns about the negative effects of technology, such as addiction to social media and the potential loss of jobs due to automation. It is important to find a balance between the benefits and drawbacks of technology and use it responsibly.Overall, technology has greatly impacted our lives in both positive and negative ways. It is up to us to use it wisely and make the most of its benefits while minimizing its negative effects.中文:科技对我们的日常生活产生了深远的影响,从我们的通讯方式到工作方式,甚至娱乐方式都有所改变。
科技题材英文作文模板
科技题材英文作文模板英文:As a technology enthusiast, I am always fascinated by the latest advancements in the field. In my opinion, technology has revolutionized the way we live our lives and has made it easier for us to communicate, work, and entertain ourselves. However, with great power comes great responsibility, and we must use technology wisely to avoid its negative effects.One of the most significant advancements in technology has been the internet. It has connected people from all over the world and has made it possible for us to access information instantly. However, it has also led to the spread of fake news, cyberbullying, and online scams. Therefore, we must be careful about the information we consume and the people we interact with online.Another area where technology has had a significantimpact is healthcare. With the help of technology, doctors can now diagnose and treat diseases more accurately and efficiently. For example, artificial intelligence can analyze medical images and detect abnormalities that might be missed by human doctors. However, we must also be awareof the ethical implications of using technology in healthcare and ensure that it does not lead todiscrimination or privacy violations.In conclusion, technology has brought about manypositive changes in our lives, but we must also be aware of its negative effects and use it responsibly. As the saying goes, "with great power comes great responsibility."中文:作为一名科技爱好者,我总是被这个领域最新的进展所吸引。
英文科技论文写作(专业英语)
更新或改进;基础研究着重理论上的新见解,计算方法的另 辟新径
• 学术性
• 透过对所研究的客体外象的观测,分析探讨其内在本质,将感性认 识进行理论上的深化; • 切忌将一连串现象无分析归纳的无序堆砌,而将论文写成实验报告 或工作总结。
• 真实性
• 错误、虚假、失实将导致论文科学性和学术性的丧失,甚至可能涉 嫌有剽窃行为; • 不凭主观臆断和好恶随意舍取数据和素材,引证他人成果必须给出 出处,但只提取与文章密切相关的重要信息用以引证,
References
• 要按所投杂志规定的格式准确书写。
• 卷号、期数、页数、年份等一定要核对 无误。
一些常见的技术问题
• 不宜使用长句子及不常见的词汇。 • 主从复合句必须有从句也有主句。 • 正确使用名词的单复数
• 不及物动词不可用被动语态。如不可用:was appeared, was occurred等。 • 不宜使用省略式词汇。如:does’nt, should’nt 等。 • 在两个或数个并列成分的最后两个中间加and 连接。
Results and discussion
• 实验结果是整篇论文的基础,因此必须用明白、 流畅的语言陈述你所得到的结果。 • 要求
– 数据及图表的内容及含义交代清楚,有条理;
– 对数据及现象的归纳、演绎、解释、立论要有逻辑 性、自洽性。
– 语句要准确、流畅、多样化,不宜重复使用相同的 句型和词汇。
Author(s),Affiliation(s)andaddress(es)
• 姓氏和名字要弄清楚,以免发生以名代姓。
– Ji-HongZhu或JihongZhu
• 单位和地址信息准确清楚,使读者能按所列信息 顺利地与作者联系。
中考作文科技英文范文
中考作文科技英文范文英文:Technology has greatly impacted our lives in many ways. On one hand, it has made our lives more convenient and efficient. For example, we can now easily communicate with people from all over the world through social media and video conferencing. We can also shop online and have items delivered to our doorstep without ever leaving our homes. Furthermore, technology has revolutionized the way we learn and work. We can access vast amounts of information and resources through the internet and use various software and tools to increase our productivity.On the other hand, technology has also brought about some negative effects. One of the biggest concerns is the impact on our mental and physical health. We spend too much time staring at screens, which can lead to eye strain and poor posture. Moreover, social media and online gaming addiction have become serious problems that can lead todepression and anxiety. In addition, technology has also contributed to the loss of jobs in certain industries as machines and automation take over.Overall, technology has both advantages and disadvantages. It is up to us to use it wisely and in moderation to avoid the negative effects.中文:科技在许多方面对我们的生活产生了重大影响。
科技类型英文作文
科技类型英文作文英文:Technology is a broad category that encompasses a wide range of fields, including information technology, biotechnology, and engineering. Each of these fields hasits own unique characteristics and applications.Information technology, or IT, is perhaps the mostwell-known type of technology. It includes everything from computer hardware and software to telecommunications networks and internet services. IT is used in a variety of industries, from finance and healthcare to entertainmentand education. For example, I use IT every day to communicate with friends and family, research information, and complete work tasks.Biotechnology, on the other hand, is a rapidly growing field that involves the use of living organisms and biological systems to develop new products and technologies.This field includes everything from genetic engineering and biopharmaceuticals to agricultural biotechnology and environmental biotechnology. Biotechnology has thepotential to revolutionize many industries, such as medicine and food production. For example, scientists are using biotechnology to develop new treatments for diseases like cancer and to create more sustainable and efficient farming practices.Finally, engineering is a field that involves the design, construction, and maintenance of structures, machines, and systems. This field includes everything from civil engineering and mechanical engineering to electrical engineering and aerospace engineering. Engineers use their knowledge of science and mathematics to solve complex problems and create innovative solutions. For example, engineers design and build bridges, airplanes, and smartphones, among other things.中文:科技是一个广泛的范畴,包括信息技术、生物技术和工程技术等多个领域。
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⑵论证句(supporting sentences) 又称支持句或次要句,用来对主题句作具体阐述,主要 通过列举事实、范例、原因等来阐明中心思想。 ⑶结论句(concluding sentence) 用来总结要点,提出供读者思考的一些见解,同时表明 段落的结束。有时某一段落也可能没有结论句。 2. 段落的两个要点(qualities) 一般说来,在写每一段落时必须注意以下两个要点: ⑴一致性(unity) 一个段落应阐明一个概念,说明一个问题或其某一个方 面,只叙述一件事情或其某一阶段,一切与该段落无直接关 系的句子都不应该包括在其中,这样就可以突出中心思想。
第三篇
科技一般是指有目的地写各种体裁的应用 短文或撰写科技论文。要想清晰、流利地用英语表达,就要 具备以下几点技能: ⑴必须有较广的词汇基础,包括专业英语词汇和公共英 语词汇; ⑵必须掌握英语句型的构成,包括词汇、短语、语态、 时态、表达习惯等等; ⑶必须了解英语文体的写作习惯,了解各种应用文体的 结构和习惯; ⑷要区别书面英语与口语之间的异同,避免不恰当地使 用一些口语习语。
⑶分门别类法(classification或division) 把一个广泛的题材分成几个类别,然后分类叙述。 常用的词汇有: A. 形容词 major, main, primary, secondary, former, latter, most important, least important B. 名词 class, kind, type, division, classification, aspect, part, characteristic C. 动词 divide into, group into, put into, fall into, consist of, classify as (into), categorize as (into)
第二个方面是写作的基本理论和技巧。 总的来说,科技英语写作与普通英语写作在不少方面有 共同之处。尽管我们在今后的实际工作中可能涉及到的科技 英语写作并不十分复杂,关键是应懂得一定的写作格式,能 组织好思路,并把每个英语句子写正确,但了解一般英语的 写作对写好科技文章是有益处的。
一、段落(Paragraph) 每篇文章一般都是由数个段落构成,写好段落是写好一 篇文章很关键的一步。 1. 构成(composition) 段落有短有长,短的可能只有一个句子,长的可能有十 多个,以至几十个句子。但不论长短,其中心意思必须表达 清楚。 就一般情况来说,每个段落都应由以下三个主要部分组 成。 ⑴主题句(topic sentence) 阐述段落的中心思想。在一般情况下,主题句处于段落 的第一句;有时也可在段落的末尾或其它地方,甚至可以用 含蓄的方式来表示。
⑵空间顺序(spatial order) 按事物在空间所处位臵的排列情况所进行的一种描述方 法,比如通常是由前到后、由内而外、从左至右、从顶部到 底部、从近处到远处等。这对仪器设备的描述是很有用的。 表示位臵的常用语有以下一些: A. 名词 front, back, side, center, middle, top, bottom, end, edge, interior, inside, exterior, outside, border, perimeter B. 形容词 front, back, rear, central, superior, upper, inferior, lower, inner, interior, outer, exterior, near, far, distant, parallel, perpendicular, vertical, horizontal
英语写作大致上可以说涉及两个方面的内容: 第一个方面是语言基础,即在具备基本技能的前提下, 首先要能写出语法上正确的句子( correct sentences),至 少使外国人能看懂其表达的基本意思。其次是要努力写出地 道的句子(standard sentences)。 在科技英语中,每一专业都有自己的一些特定词语及固 定表示法,如果我们经常读一些本专业的英语书刊以增强语 感,培养用英语思维的能力,在阅读时随时把一些特定的说 法(即不是一般通过查阅词典或靠语法条文所能写出的那些 表达法)摘录下来并经常翻阅,而且要应用在自己所写的论 文中,这样就能不断提高自己的科技英语写作能力。
B. 表示增补意义(addition) in addition, furthermore, moreover, and, also, or, too, besides, again, what’s more, likewise C. 表示强调(emphasis) in fact, as a matter of fact, in other words, of course, certainly, above all, indeed, clearly, surely, in particular, obviously, naturally, anyway, in this case D. 表示对照(contrast) while, whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, on the contrary, in spite of, despite, but, however, although, still, yet, nevertheless, conversely, otherwise
分类法也同样可以采用上面提到的时间顺序和空间顺序; 另外,对内容的组织还要注意由广为人知的到鲜为人知的, 从最不重要的到最重要的,从最简单的到最复杂的。如果各 条目的重要性区别不大时,还可采用字母顺序法。 ⑷比较和对照法(comparison and contrast) 这一方法只能在同类事物之间进行。比较用来说明两事 物之间的类同,而对照则用来说明两事物之间的差异。如果 两者是截然不同的东西(如计算机和人脑),仍可找出其相 似之处,那么这种比较就称为“比拟”。
C. 副词 forward, backward, sideways, up, down, upward, clockwise, counter-clockwise D. 介词 in front of, behind, at the back of, on, above, over, under, below, beneath, underneath, at the top of, along, in the middle of, between, through, among, within, throughout, outside, around, beyond, at the end of, across, from, past, opposite, near, towards, to the right of, from … to …
⑵正文(body) 这一部分是一篇文章的关键内容,一般可分成若干段 落,每一段落都有自己的小主题。在每一段落中均应注意与 前面提到的内容的一致性和连贯性。在正文中应该用事实、 论据或实验数据(在科技写作中尤为如此)来阐明、发挥或 论证作者在引言中提出的主题。 ⑶结束语(conclusion或concluding remarks) 这一部分的作用是总结,概括全文的内容,特别是列出 带有结论性的几条意见,或得出的结果或值得今后探讨的问 题等等。结束语一般比较简短。
I. 表示次序(order) first, second, first of all, to begin with, at first, finally, eventually, in the end, immediately, soon, in front of, next to, opposite to, in the middle of, on the left, afterward, then, next J. 表示结论(conclusion) in conclusion, to conclude, to sum up, to summarize, in summary, in all, in a word, in short, in brief, as has been noted
A. 用于比较的词语 similarly, likewise, correspondingly, in the same way, to resemble, to equal, both … and …, either … or…, neither …nor…, not only… but also …, like, identical, equally, similar to, equal to, a similarity B. 用于对照的词语 to differ from … (in), to contrast with, to distinguish between, in contrast, on the other hand, not as … as, unlike, while, whereas, although, differently, even if, in contrast to, as opposed to, distinct from, different from, however, but, more (less)… than, a contrast, a dissimilarity, a difference
二、文章(Article) 1. 构成(composition) 通常一篇文章是由以下三个主要部分构成的。 ⑴引言(introduction) 一般来说引言部分比较简短,可以是一句话,也可以是 一段话(不过科技论文的引言相对来说往往是比较长的)。 引言主要用来引出文章的话题,某项技术目前的状况, 存在什么问题及本文想要说明的大致内容等。
⑵连贯性(coherence) 就是要求在一个段落中各个句子都应前后相衔接,同时 条理要清楚,所述之事的次序要合乎逻辑,使人读起来没有 杂乱无章的感觉。 另外,文章中的有关词、句、段可通过相应的转折语把 全段的意思连贯起来。这些转折语可以是句子连词、并列连 词或主从连词。 为便于理解,下面按十类给出: A. 表示举例(example) for example, for instance, as an illustration, to illustrate, namely, that is, for one thing, a case in point