跨文化交际课程各单元中的术语关键词

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跨文化交际名词解释

跨文化交际名词解释导语：随着全球化进程的加速，跨文化交际成为了当今社会中不可忽视的一个重要领域。

在跨文化交际中，涉及到许多专有名词。

本文将对其中一些常见的跨文化交际名词进行解释，以帮助读者更好地理解和适应跨文化交际环境。

一、文化认知（Cultural Awareness）文化认知是指对不同文化之间的差异和特点进行了解和理解的能力。

这包括对文化背景、价值观、习俗、信仰、礼仪等方面的了解。

在跨文化交际中，文化认知是跨越文化差异和潜在冲突的关键。

具备文化认知的能力可以帮助人们更好地处理和解决跨文化交际中的问题。

二、文化折衷主义（Cultural Hybridization）文化折衷主义是指不同文化之间互相吸收、交融并形成新的文化形态的过程。

在全球化的背景下，不同文化之间的互动和融合日益增多，导致了文化的折衷和更新。

文化折衷主义在跨文化交际中意味着不同文化之间的互相尊重和互动，并且在这个过程中形成更加包容和开放的态度。

三、文化霸权（Cultural Hegemony）文化霸权指的是在跨文化交际中，某一文化因其经济、政治或军事上的强势，通过文化传播手段和方式来主导其他文化的现象。

具有文化霸权意识的文化会在其他文化中产生一定程度的影响力，导致其他文化的价值观、行为方式等趋于同质化。

在跨文化交际中，要重视和避免文化霸权对于其他文化的消解和侵害。

四、文化认同（Cultural Identity）文化认同是指个体对于自己所属文化的认同感和对该文化的归属感。

在跨文化交际中，个体的文化认同既受个体内因素的影响，也受外在因素的影响。

文化认同对于个体的行为、态度和价值观有着重要影响，同时也会影响个体在跨文化交际中对其他文化的接纳程度和开放度。

五、文化冲击（Culture Shock）文化冲击是指个体在跨越文化差异的过程中，经历新文化所带来的一系列困惑、不适和认知上的障碍。

文化冲击通常分为三个阶段：初始阶段的兴奋期，接着是困惑期，最后是适应期。

《跨文化交际》课程术语解释

Introduction1.Globalization is considered as a process of increasing involvement in international businessoperations.经济学视角中的全球化表现为不断增加的国际商务往来过程。

2.Macroculture:The term macroculture implies losing ethnic differences and forming onelarge society.宏观文化意味着种族差异的消失和一个大社会的形成。

3.Melting pot means a sociocultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds andnationlities.熔炉:不同背景和国籍的人们之间的社会文化的同化。

4.Microcultures:cultures within cultures微观文化：文化中的文化5.Intercultural communication refers to communication between people whose cultureperceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.跨文化交际:指拥有不同文化认知和符号体系的人文之间进行的交际。

Chapter 16.Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, whichaffect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.文化是习得的一套关于信仰，价值观，规范的公认的解释，这些信仰，价值观，规范对相当大人类群体的行为产生影响。

(完整word版)《跨文化交际英语实用教程》名词解释

《跨文化交际英语实用教程》名词解释Define the following terms：1. Culture: it refers to a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values，norms and social practices, which affect the behaviors of a relatively large group of people.文化:它是指一组学习者对信仰、价值观、规范和社会实践的共同理解，从而影响了一个相对大的群体的行为。

2. Intercultural communication：It is communication between people from different cultural backgrounds, or it refers to communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.跨文化交际：它是来自不同文化背景的人们之间的交流，也就是说，人们的文化观念和符号系统之间的沟通是不同的,足以改变交际活动。

3. Denotative meaning tends to be described as the definitional，literal，obvious or commonsense meaning of a word.外延意义往往被描述为定义,文字，一个词明显或常识性的意义。

4. Connotative meaning is used to refer to the socio—cultural associations of the word.内涵意义是指词的社会文化协会。

《跨文化商务交际》课程学习大纲课程名称：跨文化商务交际课程英文

《跨文化商务交际》课程学习大纲课程名称：跨文化商务交际课程英文《跨文化商务交际》课程学习大纲课程名称: 跨文化商务交际课程英文名称:课程编码: 401022060 学时/学分: 32学时 3学分适用对象: 商务英语专业编写人: 张宁一、课程介绍《跨文化商务交际》为我国高等英语专业商务类核心课程之一。

同英语国家的人们用英语进行有效的交流是应用英语类专业教学的重要目的之一。

然而有效的交流不仅仅是一个语言技巧问题，还涉及到许多文化因素。

本课程的主旨是帮助学生解决在跨文化交际中因文化的差异而产生的种种问题。

二、课程学习目标通过本课程的学习，学生应能够认识语言、文化和交际三者之间的关系;对各类交际形式有所认识;对对象国文化有更进一步的了解,更有效地进行交流;预料和避免由于不同的文化期望而产生的误解;解释手势和其他形式的体态语;讨论有关文化适应和相容的问题。

学习目标一览表1. 掌握本课程的基础性内容，包括跨文化交际学的需求,发展简史及内涵等基本知识点的识记和理解。

知识2. 对跨文化交际理论有较系统的理解和掌握。

目标3. 能够结合本专业特点理论联系实际，透过现象把握其基本规律。

1. 通晓跨文化交流的本质、基本理论和技巧。

2. 了解文化差异产生的过程。

能力目标 3. 掌握基本的沟通方法和策略。

4. 提高英语语言运用能力和跨文化交际能力1. 培养科学、严谨的学习态度、执着探索、创新改革的科学精神。

文化素质2. 培养自身的国际视野、创新意识、跨文化交际和人际交往意识。

目标三、课程教学内容《跨文化商务交际》课程的教学内容共分为八个模块，每个模块由基础性内容、提高性内容、拓展性内容三部分构成，基础性内容是必须掌握的内容，提高性内容是在基础性内容的基础上对基本问题的探讨和梳理，拓展性内容是对所学知识的延伸性学习，是课程内容的前瞻性分析和理论延展。

第1至4章以跨文化交际学的基本理论为框架，阐述阐述交际、文化、跨文化交际等基本概念、交际与文化的关系;介绍文化差异在言语和非言语交际方面的表现;不同的文化价值观的理论划分，以及在文化层面上分析了人们在跨文化商务交际中存在的众多价值观念差异。

跨文化交际实用教程unit1重点词汇及问题

跨文化交际实用教程unit1重点词汇及问题Unit 1第一单元需要掌握的术语：Global village:All the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especially the Internet.Melting pot:a socio-cultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds and nationalities.Cultural Diversity: refers to the mix of cultures and sub-cultures of a group or organization or region.Intercultural communication: communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. Culture: a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.Encul turation: all the activities of learning one’s culture are called enculturation. Acculturation: the process which adopts the changes brought about by another culture and develops an increased similarity between the two cultures. Ethnocentrism: the belief that your own cultural background is superior.SourceThe source is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate.EncodingEncoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.MessageThe term message identifies the encoded thought. Encoding is the process, the verb; the message is the resulting object.ChannelThe term channel is used technically to refer to the means by which the encoded message is transmitted. The channel or medium, then, may be print, electronic, or the light and sound waves of the face-to-face communication.NoiseThe term noise technically refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes.ReceiverThe receiver is the person who attends to the message.DecodingDecoding is the opposite process of encoding and just as much an active process. The receiver is actively involved in the communication process by assigning meaning to the symbols received.Receiver responseReceiver response refers to anything the receiver does after having attended to and decoded the message.（信息接受者在收到并解码/理解信息之后所作出的反应）FeedbackFeedback refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.（信息接受者所作出的反应中能让信息发送者收到并理解的那一部分）ContextGenerally, context can be defined as the environment in which the communication takes place and which helps define the communication.五、简答和案例分析1. What are the four trends that lead to the development of the global village?The four trends that lead to the development of global village are:1) Convenient transportation systems;2) Innovative communication systems;3) Economic globalization;4) Widespread migration(p.8-9)2. What are the three aspects where the cultural differences exist?The three aspects where the cultural differences exist are:1) the material and spiritual products people produce2) what they do 3) what they think3. What are the three ingredients of culture?The three ingredients of culture are:1) artifacts 2) behavior3) concepts (beliefs, values, world views…)4. How to understand cultural iceberg?Just as an iceberg which has a visible section above the waterline and a larger invisible section below the waterline, culture has some aspects that are observable and others that can only be suspected and imagined. Also like an iceberg, the part of culture that is visible is only a small part of a much bigger whole. It is said nine-tenth of culture is below the surface. (pg. 7)5. What are the characteristic of culture?1) Culture is shared,2) Culture is learned,3) Culture is dynamic,4) Culture is ethnocentric.6. What are the characteristic of communication?1) Communication is dynamic2) Communication is irreversible3) Communication is symbolic4) Communication is systematic5) Communication is transactional. (pg. 8)6) Communication is contextual. (pg. 8)7. How is Chinese addressing different from American addressing?1) In China, the use of given names is limited to husband and wife, very close friends, juniors by elders or superiors, while more English-speaking people address others by using the first name, even when people meet for the first time.2) Chinese often extend kinship terms to people not related by blood or marriage. These terms are used after the surname to show politeness and respect. (pg. 23), but The English equivalents of the above kinship terms are not so used.3) In Chinese, people use a person’s title, office, or profession in addressing people. In English, only a few occupations or titles are used .8. How is the Chinese writing style different from the American style?1) Some oriental writing…is marked by what may be called an approach by indirection. In this kind of writing, the development of the paragraph may be said to be ‘turning and turning in a widening gyre.’The circles or gyres turn around the subject and show it from a variety of tangential views, but the subject is never looked at directly. Things are developed in terms of what they are not, rather than in terms of what they are.”2) An English paragraph usually begins with a topic statement, and then, by a series of subdivisions of that topic statement, each supported by example and illustrations,proceeds, to develop that central idea and relate that idea to all other ideas in the whole essay, and to employ that idea in it proper relationship with the other ideas, to prove something, or perhaps to argue something.”9. What are the different features of M-time and P-time?回答时注意：Monochronic 和Polychronic 两项都要列举几条，八条不用都回答上，但是第一条一定要回答上。

跨文化沟通关键词汇

跨文化沟通关键词汇介绍在我们日常生活和工作中，跨文化沟通已经成为一个十分重要的课题。

随着全球化的进一步发展，人们越来越频繁地与来自不同文化背景的人交流。

然而，由于不同的文化背景和语言习惯，跨文化沟通也经常面临许多困难和挑战。

因此，掌握一些关键词汇，可以帮助我们更好地理解和应对跨文化沟通中的问题，提高沟通的效果。

本文将介绍一些在跨文化沟通中非常关键的词汇。

1. 身份认同在跨文化沟通中，理解和尊重他人的身份认同是至关重要的。

身份认同指的是一个人对自己所属的社会群体和文化的认同感。

了解对方的身份认同，可以帮助我们更好地理解他们的价值观、信仰和行为习惯。

同时，我们也需要展示对他人身份认同的尊重和关注，避免言行上的冒犯和歧视。

1.1 多元身份在跨文化沟通中，一个人可能具有多个身份，如国籍、种族、性别、宗教信仰等。

这些身份的交织和相互作用，会影响一个人的价值观、态度和行为方式。

因此，我们需要意识到对方可能有多元的身份认同，避免将其简单地归纳为某一种身份，从而减少误解和偏见的可能。

1.2 文化认同文化认同是指个人对自己所属的文化群体的认同感。

每个文化都有自己独特的价值观和行为规范，不同文化之间存在着差异。

在跨文化沟通中，我们需要了解和尊重对方的文化认同，以避免文化冲突和误解。

同时，我们也可以通过了解对方的文化认同，寻找共同点和共识，促进更好的沟通和合作。

2. 语言和交际语言是跨文化沟通中最基本的工具。

不同的语言有不同的语法结构和词汇表达方式，因此在跨文化沟通中我们需要克服语言障碍，确保信息的准确传达和理解。

此外，交际方式和习惯也会因文化差异而有所不同，我们需要了解和适应不同文化中的交际规则。

2.1 实质性和形式性交际在跨文化沟通中，有些文化更注重正式和礼貌的交际方式，而有些文化则更倾向于直接和坦率的交流。

了解不同文化中的实质性和形式性交际的差异，可以帮助我们更好地理解对方的意图和态度，避免造成误解或冲突。

2.2 非语言交际非语言交际是指通过身体语言、面部表情、眼神接触等方式进行的信息传递。

跨文化交际导论重点词汇

Chapter 7etiquette 礼仪protocol 礼节social engagement 社交活动initial contacts 初次见面tipping 小费cocktail party 鸡尾酒会vodka 伏特加superstition 迷信Hispanic 西班牙的Sabbath 安息日Ramadan 斋月reciprocity 互惠Anglo-Saxon 盎格鲁撒克逊人CHAPTER 8negotiation 谈判counterpart /opponent 谈判对手cultural bias 文化偏见intercultural negotiation跨文化谈判中的变量因素variablesorientation toward time 时间取向nature of persuasion 劝说的性质consensus一致通过、集体决策decision-makingmajority voting 投票决策risk-taking propensity 承担风险倾向communication交流的复杂性complexityrelationship-based 关系导向task-based 任务导向a win-win strategy 双赢策略base of trust 信任基础concern with protocol 对礼仪的关注faux pas 失言、失礼Conflict interests 利益冲突mindset 思想观念Chapter 9Cultural adaptation 文化适应Cultural shock 文化休克Rejection phase 敌意阶段Regression phase 倒退阶段Relational model 理性模型Intercultural跨文化交际能力communicationcompetenceReverse cultural shock 逆向文化休克Stress-adaptation growth压力-适应成长模型modelethnocentrism 民族优越感intercourse 交流、交往acculturation 文化适应Chapter 6nonverbal非言语交际communicationbody language /kinesics 肢体语言eye contact /oculesics 目光对视touch / haptics 接触smell /olfactics 嗅觉paralanguage 副语言intimate zone 亲密距离personal zone 个人距离social zone 社会距离spatial / proximics 空间语言public zone 公共距离temporal language/空间语言chronemicspunctuality and准时与及时promptnessAccent and dialects 口音与方言M-time cultural and单时制文化和多时制文化P-time culturalChapter 1Interethnic跨民族交际communicationCommunication barriers 交际障碍Avoidance of the规避陌生事物unfamiliarUncertainty reduction 减少不确定性withdrawal 退却Cultural chock 文化休克/文化震惊ethnocentrism 民族优越感/民族中心主义Chapter 2Maslow’s hierarchy needs马斯洛层次需要理论Interpersonal人际传播communicationIntrapersonal自我传播communicationOrganizational组织传播communicationMass communication 大众传播Sender 信息源encoding 编码The contextualized model 环境模式The linear model 线性模式The circular model 循环模式Cultural context 文化背景ego 自我/利己主义/自负Chapter 3Cultural 文化Artifact 物质enculturation 文化适应Filial piety 孝道Dominant cultural 主流文化Poly-chronic 多时制Mono-chronic 单时制Chapter 4Cultural values 文化价值观In-group 圈里人ritual 仪式Universal values 普遍价值观Cultural-specific values 某种文化特有的价值观Priorities of cultural文化价值观的主次valuesHuman nature 人性Power distance 权利距离Uncertainty avoidance 不确定性规避masculinity 男性气质Femininity 女性气质Long-term orientation 长期倾向High- and low-context 高语境/低语境Cognitive 认知结构Chapter 5Denotational meaning 概念意义Discourse pattern 语篇思维模式Linear language 线性模式Deductive pattern 演绎模式Pragmatic failure 语用失误Sapir-Whorf hypothesis 萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说Offer and thanks 款待和致谢Connotational meaning 内涵意义compliment 称赞/恭维Language determinism 语言决定论Inductive pattern 推理模式Pragmatic transfer 语用迁移Conversation taboo 会话禁忌Pragmalinguistic failure 语用语言失误Sociopragmatic failure 社交语用失误slang 俚语Leave-taking 告别。

跨文化交际课程-各单元中的术语-关键词

Review & relate(key terms & contents) Intercultural Communication in English•Culture (Unit 2)(Definitions & Metaphors;Intercultural-ness)•Communication (Unit 2)(Elements of Characteristics:Context; Participants; Messages;Channels; Noise; Feedback )•Cultural Differences / Diversities(Unit 3)(Addressing; Friendship;Family Structure) (The Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck Chart:Five Basic Qs / Value Systems;Hofstede’s Five Dimensions;High-/Low-Context Cultures)•Language and Culture (Unit 4)(Categorizations; Colors; Animals;Plants; Kinship terms; Titles头衔) (The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis)萨丕尔—沃尔夫假说•Verbal communication (Unit 5)( Conversation / Discourse Style;Hign-involvement/high-considerateness;dire ct/indirect-ness;Ping-Pong/Bowling Game;Person/Status-Oriented;Self-Enhancement/Effacement style; Speaker/Listen-Responsible)•Nonverbal communication (Unit 6) (Hand Gestures; Eye Contact;Postur姿势; Bowing; Touching;Smile/Laugh; Silence )•Time (Unit 7)(Pace of life;Punctuality;单一时间多元时间观•Space (Unit 7)(Personal Space;Home Space:layout, invitation and reception)(Unit 8, 9, 10)•Intercultural Perception•Intercultural Adaptation （适应）•Acquiring Intercultural Competence(Ethnocentrism种族(或民族、社会集团、文化)优越感; 种族(或民族)中心主义Culture Shock文化冲击/震荡: 突然处于一个与前大不相同的社会和文化环境中因而感到困惑、忧虑、烦恼的心情(北京人在纽约)Stereotype定势：针对目标群体成员所特有的正面或方面的判断/刻板印象/成见Prejudice偏见：对于某一特定群体，种类，宗教或性取向的无端的憎恶和怀疑) Return Cultural ShockAlso: reverse cultural shock;the feeling of not fitting in to your home country--a mixtureof emotions, after living abroad for an extended time) （e.g. 纽约人在北京）。

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Review & relate
(key terms & contents) Intercultural Communication in English
•Culture (Unit 2)
(Definitions & Metaphors;
Intercultural-ness)
•Communication (Unit 2)
(Elements of Characteristics:
Context; Participants; Messages;
Channels; Noise; Feedback )
•Cultural Differences / Diversities
(Unit 3) (Addressing; Friendship;
Family Structure) (The Kluckhohn-Strodtbeck Chart:
Five Basic Qs / Value Systems;
Hofstede’s Five Dimensions;
High-/Low-Context Cultures)
•Language and Culture (Unit 4)
(Categorizations; Colors; Animals;
Plants; Kinship terms; Titles头衔) (The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis)
萨丕尔—沃尔夫假说
•Verbal communication (Unit 5)
( Conversation / Discourse Style; Hign-involvement/high-considerateness; direct/indirect-ness;
Ping-Pong/Bowling Game;
Person/Status-Oriented;
Self-Enhancement/Effacement style; Speaker/Listen-Responsible)
•Nonverbal communication (Unit 6) (Hand Gestures; Eye Contact;
Postur姿势; Bowing; Touching;
Smile/Laugh; Silence )
•Time (Unit 7)
(Pace of life;
Punctuality;
单一时间多元时间观
•Space (Unit 7)
(Personal Space;
Home Space:
layout, invitation and reception)
(Unit 8, 9, 10)
•Intercultural Perception
•Intercultural Adaptation （适应）•Acquiring Intercultural Competence (Ethnocentrism
种族(或民族、社会集团、文化)优越感; 种族(或民族)中心主义
Culture Shock
文化冲击/震荡: 突然处于一个与前大不相同的社会和文化环境中因而感到困惑、忧虑、烦恼的心情(北京人在纽约)
Stereotype
定势：针对目标群体成员所特有的正面或方面的判断/刻板印象/成见Prejudice
偏见：对于某一特定群体，种类，宗教或性取向的无端的憎恶和怀疑)
Return Cultural Shock
Also: reverse cultural shock;
the feeling of not fitting in to your home country--a mixture of emotions, after living abroad for an extended time) （e.g. 纽约人在北京）。