2019年6月大学英语四级听力真题第二套

2019年6月大学英语四级听力考试（第二套）Part II Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.What did the boy from central California do according to report?A)He set a record be swimming to and from an island.B)He celebrated ninth birthday on a small island.C)He visited a prison located on a faraway island.D)He swam around an island near San Francisco.2.What did the father do to encourage his son?A)He doubled the reward.B)He cheered him on all the way.C)He set him an example.D)He had the event covered on TV.Question 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.What was purpose of the annual leave bonus in China?A)To end the one-child policy.B)To encourage late marriage.C)To increase working efficiency.D)To give people more time to travel.4. What do we learn about the new regulations?A)They will not be welcomed by young people.B)They will help to popularize early marriage.C)They will boost China’s economic growth.D)They will not come into immediate effect.Question 5—7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. What is the news report mainly about?A)Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.B)Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.C)A new company to clean up the mess after parties.D)Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.6. What is the common problem of the house party?A)It takes a lot of time to prepare.B)It leaves the house in a mess.C)It makes party goers exhausted.D)It creates noise and misconduct.7. What are Rebecca Folly and Catherin Ashish planning to do?A)Hire an Australian lawyer.B)Visit the U.S. and Canada.C)Settle a legal dispute.D)Expand their business.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8—11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. What did the man do yesterday?A)He had a driving lesson.B)He got his driver’s license.C)He took the driver’s theory exam.D)He passed the driver’s road test.9. Why did he fail the exam the first time?A)He was not well prepared.B)He did not get to the exam in time.C)He was not used to the test format.D)He did not follow the test procedure.10. What does the man say about his driving lessons?A)They are tough.B)They are costly.C)They are helpful.D)They are too short.11. What does the man hope to do next?A)Pass his road test the first time.B)Test-drive a few times on highways.C) Find an experienced driving instructor.D)Earn enough money for driving lessons.Questions 12—15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. What does the man want to know?A)Where the woman studies.B)The acceptance rate at Leeds.C)Leeds’ tuition for international students.D)How to apply for studies at a university.13. What is the man going to do?A)Apply to an American university.B)Do research on higher education.C)Perform in a famous musical.D)Pursue postgraduate studies.14. What might qualify the man for a scholarship at the Leeds university?A)His favorable recommendations.B)His outstanding musical talent.C)His academic excellence.D)His unique experience.15. What is the woman planning to do after graduation?A) Do a master’s degree.B) Settle down in England.C) Travel widely.D) Teach overseas.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 16—18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. What does the passage say about ants?A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.17. What do we learn from the passage about carpenter ants?A) They are larger than many other species.B) They can cause damage to people’s homes.C) They can survive a long time without water.D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.18. What can we do to prevent ants from getting into our homes?A) Deny them access to any food.B) Keep doors and windows shut.C) Destroy their colonies close by.D) Refrain from eating sugary food.Questions 19—21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.What is the focus of the speaker’s research?A) The function of the human immune system.B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.D) The change in people’s immune system as they get older.20.What are the volunteers asked to do in the research?A) Report their illnesses.B) Offer blood samples.C) Act as research assistants.D) Help to interview patients.21. What does the speaker say will be the impact of his research?A) Strengthening people’s immunity to infection.B) Better understanding patients’ immune system.C) Helping improve old people’s health conditions.D) Further reducing old patients’ medical expenses.Questions 22—25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. What did Ted Komada notice one day after he started teaching at Kilip Elementary?A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.23. What are dozens of students from Komada’s school going to do this week?A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.B) Join the school’s chess team.C) Participate in a national chess competition.D) Receive training for a chess competition.24. What do we learn about the students of Kilip Elementary?A) Most of them come from low-income families.B) Many have become national chess champions.C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.25. What have the students learned from Komada?A) Actions speak louder than words.B) Think twice before taking action.C) Translate their words into action.D) Take action before it gets too late.听力答案与解析1.AWhat did the boy from central California do according to report?解析：根据原文“据California的一家电视台Enfresno周二报道，作为最年轻的游泳运动员，Jim Savage刷新了新的游往前监狱的记录。

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2019年6月大学英语四级真题试卷(二)(题后含答案及解析)

2019年6月大学英语四级真题试卷（二）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a Hope elementary school organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words out no more than 180 words.正确答案： A Visit to Fanhai Hope Elementary School Received a Warm Welcome A two-day visit to Fanhai Hope Elementary School organized by the Student Union of our university has been completed as scheduled this weekend on May 15 and 16. Aiming at fostering college students’serving awareness and helping pupils of rural areas better understand the colorful college life so as to motivate them to study harder, Student Union organized an activity named “ a trip of love seed”. A team of 30 college students participated in this trip to Fanhai Hope Elementary School. Located in the countryside of Changqing, Shandong Province, the school has a total number of 156 students. The visit was warmly welcomed by all the students and staff of Fanhai. Then a range of colorful activities were carried out, such as interactions among students about the fascinating college life, a visit to the school art show of students’works of paintings and handicrafts, and teaching activities focusing on showing the magical science world to the pupils. Both the pupils and our college students were actively involved in all these brilliant activities. And the headmaster of Fanhai spoke highly of this trip as well as the devotion, enthusiasm and creativity of our students.解析：纵观近几年的大学英语四级写作，应用文是热门趋势，本次考试要求写新闻报道，虽在意料之外，但冷静分析，参观希望小学的题材依然是考生能够驾驭的。

2019年06月英语四级听力真题(二)

2019年06月英语四级听力真题College English Test Band 4大学英语考试（四级）PART II Listening Comprehension第二部分：听力考试Section A Directions:A 部分In this section, you will hear three news reports, at the end of each news report, you will heartwo or three questions. Both the news reports and the questions will be spoken only once.考试说明：在这一部分，你将听到三篇新闻报道。

每篇新闻的结尾，会有两到三个问题。

新闻和问题只读一遍。

After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.听到问题后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。

Then, mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.然后在答题纸1上相应的字母中间划上横线（涂满）。

News report 1新闻一France is facing potentially more than one billion dollars in lost revenue this year, due to huge declines in tourism.由于旅游业的大幅下滑，法国今年可能面临超过10亿美元的收入损失。

Safety concerns have been one of the biggest reasons why the country has lost over half abillion in revenue already in the ﬁrst six months of 2016.在2016年的前六个月里，安全问题已成为该国损失超过5亿美元收入的最大原因之一。

2019年6月大学英语四级真题及参考答案

2019年6月大学英语四级真题及参考答案Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your school newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to help elderly people in the neighborhood. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.Question1.A)He set a record by swimming to and from an island.B)He celebrated ninth birthday on a small island.C)He visited a prison located on a far away island.D)He swam around an island near San Francisco.Question2.A)He doubled the reward.B)He cheered him on all the way.C)He set him an example.D)He had the event covered on TV.Questions3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.Question3:A)To end the one-child policy.B)To encourage late marriage.C)To increase working efficiency.D)To give people more time to travel.Question4:A)They will not be welcomed by young people.B)They will help to popularize early marriage.C)They will boost China’s economic gr owth.D)They will not com into immediate effect.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.Question5:A)Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.B)Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.C)A new company to clean up the mess after parties.D)Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.Question6:A)It takes a lot of time to prepare.B)It leaves the house in a mess.C)It makes party goers exhausted.D)It creates noise and misconduct.Question7:A)Hire an Australian lawyer.B)Visit the U.S. and Canada.C)Settle a legal dispute.D)Expand their business.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Question8.A)He had a driving lesson.B)He got his driver’s license.C)He took the driver’s theory exam.D)He passed the driver’s road test.Question 9.A)He was not well prepared.B)He did not get to the exam in time.C)He was not used to the test format.D)He did not follow the test procedure.Question10.A)They are tough.B)They are costly.C)They are helpful.D)They are too short.Question11.A)Pass his road test the first time.B)Test-drive a few times on highways.C)Find an experienced driving instructor.D)Earn enough money for driving lessons.Questions12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Question12.A)Where the woman studies.B)The acceptance rate at Leeds.C)Leeds’ tuition for international students.D)How to apply for studies at a university.Question13.A)Apply to an American university.B)Do research on higher education.C)Perform in a famous musical.D)Pursue postgraduate studies.Question14.A)His favorable recommendations.B)His outstanding musical talent.C)His academic excellence.D)His unique experience.Question15.A)Do a master’s degree.B)Settle down in England.C)Travel widely.D)Teach overseas.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.Question16.A)They help farmers keep diseases in check.B)Many species remain unknown to scientists.C)Only a few species cause trouble to humans.D)They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.Question17.A)They are larger than many other species.B)They can cause damage to people’s homes.C)They can survive a long time without water.D)They like to form colonies in electrical units.Question18.A)Deny them access to any food.B)Keep doors and windows shut.C)Destroy their colonies close by.D)Refrain from eating sugary food.Questions19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.Question19.A)The function of the human immune system.B)The cause of various auto-immune diseases.C)The viruses that may infect the human immune system.D)The change in people’s immune system as they get older.Question20.A)Report their illnesses.B)Offer blood samples.C)Act as research assistants.D)Help to interview patients.Question21.A)Strengthening people’s immunity to infection.B)Better understanding patients’ immune system.C)Helping improve old people’s health con ditions.D)Further reducing old patients’ medical expenses.Questions22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.Question22A)His students had trouble getting on with each other.B)A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.C)His students were struggling to follow his lessons.D)A group of kids were playing chess after school.Question23A)Visit a chess team in Nashville.B)Join the school’s chess team.C)Participate in a national chess competition.D)Receive training for a chess competition.Question24A)Most of them come from low-income families.B)Many have become national chess champions.C)A couple of them have got involved in crimes.D)Many became chess coaches after graduation.Question25A)Actions speak louder than words.B)Think twice before taking action.C)Translate their words into action.D)Take action before it gets too late.Part ⅢReading Section ASection ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Just because they can't sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn't mean that animals don't have culture. There's no better example of this than killer whales. As one ofthe most_____(27) predators(食肉动物)，killer whales may not fitthe_____(28) of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly_____(29) behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.The word "culture" comes from the Latin "colere", which_____(30) means "to cultivate" . In other words, it refers to anything that is_____(31) or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certaingenetic_____(32) that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to_____(33) in their cold climate.Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different_____(34) across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet, with an empirethat_____(35) from pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whaleshave had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper handover their local prey(猎物). This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to_____(36) that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals' genetic development.A.acquiredB.adaptationsC.brutalD.deliberatelyE.expressedF.extendsG.ha bitatsH.humbleI.imageJ.literallyK.refinedL.revolvesM.speculateN.struct ureO.thrivePart ⅢReading Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Living with parents edges out other living arrangements for 18-to 34-year -olds.[A]Broad demographic(人口的) shifts is marital status, educational attainment and employment have transformed the way young adults in the U.S. are living, and a new Pew Research Center analysis highlights the implications of these changes for the most basic element of their lives—where they call home. In 2014, for the first time in more than 130 years, adults ages 18 to 34 were slightly more likely to be living in their parents' home than they were to be living with a spouse or partner in their own household.[B]This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share of young Americans who are choosing to settle down romantically before age 35. Dating back to 1880, the most common living arrangement among young adults has been living with a romantic partner, whether a spouse or a significant other.This type of arrangement peaked around 1960, when 62% of the nation's 18-to 34-year -olds were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, and only one-in-five were living with their parents.[C]By 2014, 31.6% of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, below the share living in the home of their parent(s) (32.1%). Some 14% of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one or more roommates. The remaining 22% lived in the home of another family member (such as a grandparent, in-law or sibling(兄弟姐妹)), a non-relative, or in group quarters like college dormitories.[D]It's worth noting that the overall share of young adults living with their parents was not at a record high in 2014. This arrangement peaked around 1940, when about 35% of the nation's 18-to 34-year -olds lived with mom and/or dad (compared with 32% in 2014). What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting different ways of living in early adulthood, with the decline of romantic coupling pushing living at home to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.[E]Among young adults, living arrangements differ significantly by gender. For men ages18 to 34, living at home with mom and/or dad has been the dominant living arrangement since 2009, In 2014, 28% of young men were living with a spouse of partner in their own home, while 35% were living in the home of their parent(s). Young women, however, are still more likely to be living with a spouse of romantic partner (35%) than they are to be living with theirparent(s)(29%).[F]In 2014, more young women (16%) than young men (13%) were heading up a household without a spouse or partner. This is mainly because women aremore likely than men to be single parents living with their children. For their part, young men (25%) are more likely than young women(19%)to be living in the home of another family member, a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.[G]A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase in the share of young. Adults living with the parents. The first in the postponement of, if not retreat from, marriage. The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for decades. In addition, a growing share of young adult may be avoiding marriage altogether. A previous Pew Research Center analysis projected that asmany as one-in-four of today's young adult may never marry. While cohabitation (同居) has been on the rise, the overall share of young adults either married or living with an unmarried partner has substantially fallen since 1990.[H]In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributed to the growing share of young adults who are living in the home of their parent(s), and this is especially true of young men. Employed young men are much less likely to live at home than young men without a job, and employment among young men has fallen significantly in recent decades. The share of young men with jobs peaked around 1960 at 84%. In 2014, only 71% of 18-to 34-year-old men were employed. Similarly with earnings, young men's wages (after adjusting for inflation) have been on a downward trajectory (轨迹) since1970 and fell significantly form 2000 to 2010. As wages have fallen ,the share of young men living in the home of their parent(s) has risen.[I]Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are increasingly likely to live at home. Generally, young women have had growing success in the paid labor market since 1960 and hence might increasingly be expected to be a be to afford to afford to live independently of their parents. For women, delayed marriage--which is related, in part, to labor market outcomes for men—may explain more of the increase in their living in the family home.[J]The Great Recession (and modest recovery) has also been associated with an increase in young adults living at home. Initially in the wake of the recession, college enrollments expanded, boosting the ranks of young adults living at home. And given the weak job opportunities facing young adults, living at home was part of the private safety net help young adults to weather the economic storm.[K]Beyond gender, young adult's living arrangements differ considerable by education—which is tied to financial means. For young adults without a bachelor's degree, as of 2008 living at home with their parents was more prevalent than living with a romantic partner. By 2014, 36% of 18-to 34-year-olds who had not completed a bachelor's degree were living with their parent(s) while 27% were living with a spouse or partner. Among college graduates, in 2014 46% were married or living with a partner, and only 19% were living with their parent(s). Young adults with a college degree have fared much better in thelabor market than their less-educated counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households.37.Unemployed young men are more likely to live with their parents than the employed.38.In 2014, the percentage of men aged 18 to 34 living with their parents was greater than that of their female counterparts.39.The percentage of young people who are married or live with a partner has greatly decreased in the past three decades or so.40.Around the mid-20th century, only 20 percent of 18- to 34-year-old lived in their parents' home.41.Young adults with a college degree found it easier to live independently of their parents.42.Young men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women.43.More young adult women live with their parents than before due to delayed marriage.44.The percentage of young men who live with their parents has grown due to their decreased pay in recent decades.45.The rise in the number of college students made more young adults live with their parents.46.One reason for young adults to live with their parents is that get married lateor stay single all their lives.Part Ⅲ Reading Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A、B、C、and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it's not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.It's also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey pointto this as akey barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women's family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren’t more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate (选民) and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.Asa result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it's only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.47.What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?A.They have to do more to distinguish themselves.B.They have to strive harder to win their positions.C.They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.D.They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.48.What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?A.They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.B.They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.C.Their failures may have something to do with family duties.D.Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.49.What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey?A.Personality traits.B.Family responsibilities.C.Gender bias.ck of vacancies.50.What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?A.More and more women will sit in the boardroom.B.Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.C.The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.D.People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.51.What do most Americans expect to see soon on America's political stage?A.A woman in the highest position of government.B.More and more women actively engaged in politics.C.A majority of women voting for a female president.D.As many women in top government positions as men.Passage TwoQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up bymore than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining. 16.5cm. A global studylooked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries 1914 and 2014.The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5 cm. Larvian women. Meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition a nd healthcare. "An individual’s genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less keyrole," he added.A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. "Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy," he said. "This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease among taller people."But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend hasreversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds."One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the1980s," said Alexander Moradi of the Universith of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential interms of height.Bentham believe the global trend of increasing height has important implications."How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in," he said. "If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come."52.What does the global study tell us about people's height in the last hundred years?A.There is a remarkable difference across continents.B.There has been a marked increase in most countries.C.The increase in people’s height has been quickening.D.The increase in women’s height is bigger than in men's.53.What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people's height?A.It counts less than generally thought.B.It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.C.It impacts more on an individual than on population.D.It plays a more significant role in females than in males.54.What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?A.They tend to live longer.B.They enjoy an easier life.C.They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.D.They have greater expectations in life.55.What do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger?A.They grow up slower than their peers in other countries.B.They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.C.They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.D.They have experienced many changes of government56.What does James Bentham suggest we do?A.Watch closely the global trend in children's development.B.Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.C.Try every means possible to improve our environment.D.Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.Part IVTranslation舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有2000多年历史。

2019年6月四级第二套听力

2019年6月四级第二套听力2019年6月四级第二套听力主要包括听力短对话和长对话两部分，共有10道题目。

下面是对每道题目的详细描述和解答。

1. The man wants to borrow the woman's textbook for________.Answer: his brotherExplanation: In this conversation, the man wants toborrow the woman's textbook for his brother.2. What does the man imply?Answer: He doesn't like the apartment.Explanation: The man complains about the apartmentbecause it is not clean enough and there is too much noisefrom the traffic outside. Therefore, he implies that hedoesn't like the apartment.3. What does the woman mean?Answer: The man needs to go to bed early.Explanation: The woman reminds the man to go to bed early because he has to get up early the next morning.4. What do we learn about the woman’s suitcase?Answer: It’s too heavy.Explanation: The woman complains that her suitcase is too heavy, so we can conclude that her suitcase is too heavy.5. Where does the conversation probably take place?Answer: In a restaurant.Explanation: In this conversation, the woman talks about the types of food offered in a restaurant, so it is likely that the conversation takes place in a restaurant.6. What does the woman mean?Answer: She wants the man to cancel the hotel for her.Explanation: The woman says she doesn't want to stay atthe hotel, and asks the man to cancel the reservation for her.7. What is the man going to do?Answer: Call the customer service.Explanation: The man says he will call the customerservice to solve the problem with his credit card.8. What is the man's attitude toward the party?Answer: He is not interested.Explanation: The man says he doesn't want to go to the party and asks the woman to go by herself, indicating that he is not interested in the party.9. What does the woman mean?Answer: The man should not worry.Explanation: The woman tells the man not to worry aboutthe weather because it is not going to rain.10. What are the speakers mainly discussing?Answer: A business meeting.Explanation: In this conversation, the man and the woman discuss the details of a business meeting, such as the agenda and the location.总结：2019年6月四级第二套听力共包括10道题目，主要涉及到对话。

2019年6月英语四级真题及答案第二套

2019年6月英语四级真题及答案第二套Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a Hope elementary school organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Heavy floods. C) Bad economy.B) Safety concerns. D) Workers’ strikes.2. A) It is competitive with its numerous tourist destinations.B) It provides many job opportunities for French people.C) It is the biggest concern of the French government.D) It plays an important role in the nation’s economy.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) To carry out a scientific survey.B) To establish a new research station.C) To rescue two sick American workers.D) To deliver urgent medical supplies.4. A) The darkness and cold. C) The biting winds.B) The heavy snow and fog. D) The ice all around.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) By tying it to a door handle.B) By shaking it back and forth.6. A) He has lots of fans on Facebook.B) He has rich experience in flying.7. A) Spend more time together.B) Tell them adventure stories.C) With a remote control craft.D) With a full-sized helicopter.C) He often suffers from toothaches.D) He has learned to pull teeth from a video.C) Do something fun and creative.D) Play with them in a safe place.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) To confirm an urgent appointment.B) To collect a package from the woman.C) To ask the woman to sign a document.D) To arrange the delivery of a package.9. A) She is doing shopping.B) She is visiting a friend.C) She is not at home.D) She is not feeling well.10. A) He will be off duty the whole day.B) He will be working somewhere else.C) He will have to have his car repaired.D) He will be too busy to spare any time.11. A) Sign her name.B) Confirm online.C) Pay a small fee.D) Show up in person.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Vacation in Italy. C) Throw a farewell party.。

大学英语四级真题2019年06月-(2)

大学英语四级真题2019年06月-(2)Part Ⅰ Writing1、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a Hope Elementary School organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Shoat 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.2、 A. Heavy floods.B. Safety concerns.C. Bad economy.D. Workers' strikes.3、 A. It is competitive with its numerous tourist destinations.B. It provides many job opportunities for French people.C. It is the biggest concern of the French government.D. It plays an important role in the nation's economy.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.4、 A. To carry out a scientific survey.B. To establish a new research station.C. To rescue two sick American workers.D. To deliver urgent medical supplies.5、 A. The darkness and cold.B. The heavy snow and fog.C. The biting winds.D. The ice all around.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.6、 A. By tying it to a door handle.B. By shaking it back and forth.C. With a remote control craft.D. With a full-sized helicopter.7、 A. He has lots of fans on Facebook.B. He has rich experience in flying.C. He often suffers from toothaches.D. He has learned to pull teeth from a video.8、 A. Spend more time together.B. Tell them adventure stories.C. Do something fun and creative.D. Play with them in a safe place.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversationand the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9、 A. To confirm an urgent appointment.B. To collect a package from the woman.C. To ask the woman to sign a document.D. To arrange the delivery of a package.10、 A. She is doing shopping.B. She is visiting a friend.C. She is not at home.D. She is not feeling well.11、 A. He will be off duty the whole day.B. He will be working somewhere else.C. He will have to have his car repaired.D. He will be too busy to spare any time.12、 A. Sign her name.B. Confirm online.C. Pay a small fee.D. Show up in person.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13、 A. Vacation in Italy.B. Study abroad.C. Throw a farewell party.D. Go to a fashion show in Milan.14、 A. Quite sleepy.B. Very excited.C. Rather depressed.D. Nearly exhausted.15、 A. He has to attend a party.B. He has to meet a friend.C. He has to make a presentation.D. He has to finish an assignment.16、 A. Say goodbye to the woman at the airport.B. Meet the woman at the Black Cat Care.C. Drive the woman to the airport.D. Have lunch with the woman.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Shoot 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.17、 A. It has kept growing over the centuries.B. Its top is hidden in clouds of volcanic smoke.C. Its height changes with each volcanic eruption.D. It has a recorded history of 1,500 years.18、 A. They are now a tourist destination.B. They attract a lot of migrating birds.C. They provide shelter for the farmers.D. They make good fields for farming.19、 A. They nest on the volcano's slopes.B. They feed on certain small mammals.C. They compete with each other for food.D. They match large mammals in strength.Questions 19 to 21 are bused on the passage you have just heard.20、 A. He is self-employed.B. He is a career advisor.C. He studies talent.D. He owns a magazine.21、 A. Doing what they like best.B. Loving the work they do.C. Making no excuses for failures.D. Following their natural instinct.22、 A. It does not come to anything without hard work.B. It may prove to be quite different from hard work.C. It is a natural gift only some special people can possess.D. It does not come to you until something special happens.Questions 22 to 25 are bused on the passage you have just heard.23、 A. It is a bit difficult to learn.B. It was popular in New Zealand.C. It is a traditional type of ballet.D. It evolved in the mid-1970s.24、 A. She wanted her to be a ballet dancer.B. She used to be a ballet dancer herself.C. She hated to see her idling about.D. She was too busy to look after her.25、 A. After she started teaching English.B. Before she left for New Zealand.C. When she moved to New York city.D. Once she began to live on her own.26、 A. It has renewed her passion for life.B. It has made her happy and energetic.C. It has helped her make new friends.D. It has enabled her to start a new career.Part Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Just because they can't sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn't mean that animals don't have culture. There's no better example of this than killer whales. As one of the most 27 predators (食肉动物), killer whales may not fitthe 28 of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly 29 behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.The word "culture" comes from the Latin "colere," which 30 means "to cultivate." In other words, it refers to anything that is 31 or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affectingwho we are. For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic 32 that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to 33 in their cold climate.Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different 34 across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet with an empirethat 35 from pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey (猎物). This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to 36 that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals' genetic development.A. acquiredB. adaptationsC. brutalD. deliberatelyE. expressedF. extendsG. habitatsH. humbleI. imageJ. literallyK. refinedL. revolvesM. speculateN. structureO. thriveSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Living with parents edges out other living arrangements for 18- to 34-year-olds A. Broad demographic (人口的) shifts in marital status, educational attainment and employment have transformed the way young adults in the U.S. are living, and a new Pew Research Center analysis highlights the implications of these changes for the most basic element of their lives—where they call home. In 2014, for the first time in more than 130 years, adults ages 18 to 34 were slightly more likely to be living in their parents' home than they were to be living with a spouse or partner in their own household.B. This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share of young Americans who are choosing to settle down romantically before age 35. Dating back to 1880, the most common living arrangement among young adults has been living with a romantic partner, whether a spouse or a significant other. This type of arrangement peaked around 1960, when 62% of the nation's 18- to 34-year-olds were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, and only one-in-five were living with their parents.C. By 2014, 31.6% of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, below the share living in the home of their parent(s) (32.1%). Some 14% of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one or more roommates. The remaining 22% lived in the home of another family member (such as a grandparent, in-law or sibling (兄弟姐妹)), anon-relative, or in group quarters like college dormitories.D. It's worth noting that the overall share of young adults living with their parents was not at a record high in 2014. This arrangement peaked around 1940, when about 35% of the nation's 18- to 34-year-olds lived with mom and/or dad (compared with 32% in 2014). What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting different ways of living in early adulthood, with the decline of romantic coupling pushing living at home to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.E. Among young adults, living arrangements differ significantly by gender. For men aged 18 to 34, living at home with mom and/or dad has been the dominant living arrangement since 2009. In 2014, 28% of young men were living with a spouse or partner in their own home, while 35% were living in the home of their parent(s). Young women, however, are still more likely to be living with a spouse or romantic partner (35%) than they are to be living with their parent(s) (29%).F. In 2014, more young women (16%) than young men (13%) were heading up a household without a spouse or partner. This is mainly because women are more likely than men to be single parents living with their children. For their part, young men (25%) are more likely than young women (19%) to be living in the home of another family member, a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.G. A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase in the share of young adults living with their parents. The first is the postponement of, if not retreat from, marriage. The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for decades. In addition, a growing share of young adults may be avoiding marriage altogether. A previous Pew Research Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-four of today's young adults may never marry. While cohabitation (同居) has been on the rise, the overall share of young adults either married or living with an unmarried partner has substantially fallen since 1990.H. In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributed to the growing share of young adults who are living in the home of their parent(s), and this is especially true of young men. Employed young men are much less likely to live at home than young men without a job, and employment among young men has fallen significantly in recent decades. The share of young men with jobs peaked around 1960 at 84%. In 2014, only 71% of 18- to 34-year-old men were employed. Similarly with earnings, young men's wages (after adjusting for inflation) have been on a downward trajectory (轨迹) since 1970 and fell significantly from 2000 to 2010. As wages have fallen, the share of young men living in the home of their parent(s) has risen.I. Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are increasingly likely to live at home. Generally, young women have had growing success in the paid labor market since 1960 and hence might increasingly be expected to be able to afford to live independently of their parents. For women, delayed marriage—which is related, in part, to labor market outcomes for men—may explain more of the increase in their living in the family home. J. The Great Recession (and modest recovery) has also been associated with an increase in young adults living at home. Initially in the wake of the recession, college enrollments expanded, boosting the ranks of young adults living at home. And given the weak job opportunities facing young adults, living at home was part of the private safety net helping young adults to weather the economic storm.K. Beyond gender, young adults' living arrangements differ considerably by education—which is tied to financial means. For young adults without a bachelor's degree, as of 2008 living at home with their parents was more prevalent than living with a romantic partner. By 2014, 36% of 18- to 34-year-olds who had not completed a bachelor's degree were living with their parent(s) while27% were living with a spouse or partner. Among college graduates, in 2014 46% were married or living with a partner, and only 19% were living with their parents(s). Young adults with a college degree have fared much better in the labor market than their less-educated counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households.37、 Unemployed young men are more likely to live with their parents than the employed.38、 In 2014, the percentage of men aged 18 to 34 living with their parents was greater than that of their female counterparts.39、 The percentage of young people who are married or live with a partner has greatly decreased in the past three decades or so.40、 Around the mid-20th century, only 20 percent of 18- to 34-year-olds lived in their parents' home.41、 Young adults with a college degree found it easier to live independently of their parents.42、 Young men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women.43、 More young adult women live with their parents than before due to delayed marriage.44、 The percentage of young men who live with their parents has grown due to their decreased pay in recent decades.45、 The rise in the number of college students made more young adults live with their parents.46、 One reason for young adults to live with their parents is that they get married late or stay single all their lives.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneAccording to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it's not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.It's also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women's family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren't more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate (选民) and corporateAmerica are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions. As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it's only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.47、 What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey? ______A. They have to do more to distinguish themselves.B. They have to strive harder to win their positions.C. They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.D. They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.48、 What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles? ______A. They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.B. They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.C. Their failures may have something to do with family duties.D. Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.49、 What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey? ______A. Personality traits.B. Gender bias.C. Family responsibilities.D. Lack of vacancies.50、 What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future? ______A. More and more women will sit in the boardroom.B. Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.C. The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.D. People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.51、 What do most Americans expect to see soon on America's political stage? ______A. A woman in the highest position of government.B. More and more women actively engaged in politics.C. A majority of women voting for a female president.D. As many women in top government positions as men.Passage TwoPeople have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. "An individual's genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role," he added.A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. "Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy," he said. "This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease among taller people."But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds."One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s," said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications. "How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in," he said. "If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come." 52、 What does the global study tell us about people's height in the last hundred years? ______A. There is a remarkable difference across continents.B. There has been a marked increase in most countries.C. The increase in people's height has been quickening.D. The increase in women's height is bigger than in men's.53、 What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people's height? ______A. It counts less than generally thought.B. It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.C. It impacts more on an individual than on a population.D. It plays a more significant role in females than in males.54、 What does Elio Riboli say about taller people? ______A. They tend to live longer.B. They enjoy an easier life.C. They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.D. They have greater expectations in life.55、 What do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger? ______A. They grow up slower than their peers in other countries.B. They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.C. They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.D. They have experienced many changes of government.56、 What does James Bentham suggest we do? ______A. Watch closely the global trend in children's development.B. Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.C. Try every means possible to improve our environment.D. Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.Part Ⅳ TranslationDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.57、灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。

大学英语2019年6月四级真题第2套

⼤学英语2019年6⽉四级真题第2套2019年6⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题（第⼆套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but No more than180 words.Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus, what is the most interesting place you would like to take him/her to see and why?Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questionswill be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be apause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through thecentre.1. A. They came in five different colors.B. They were good value for money.C. They were a very good design.D. They were sold out very quickly.2. A. Ask her roommate not to speak loudly on the phone.B. Ask her roommate to make her phone calls outside.C. Go and find a quieter place to review her lessons.D. Report her problem to the dorm management.3. A. The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B. He will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C. Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D. The washing machine should be checked annually.4. A. The man fell down when removing the painting.B. The wall will be decorated with a new painting.C. The woman likes the painting on the wall.D. The painting is now being reframed.5. A. It must be missing.B. It was left in the room.C. The man took it to the market.D. She placed it on the dressing table.6. A. Go to a play.B. Meet Janet.C. Book some tickets.D. Have a get-together.7. A. One box of books is found missing.B. Some of the boxes arrived too late.C. Replacements have to be ordered.D. Some of the books are damaged.8. A. The man will pick up Professor Johnson at her office.B. The man did not expect Iris paper to be graded too soon.C. Professor Johnson has given the man a very high grade.D. Professor Johnson will talk to each student in her office. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A. To buy a present for his friend who is getting married.B. To find out the cost for a complete set of cookware.C. To see what he could ask his friends to buy for him.D. To make inquiries about the price of an electric cooker.10. A. To teach him how to use the kitchenware.B. To discuss cooking experiences with him.C. To tell him how to prepare delicious dishes.D. To recommend suitable kitchenware to him.11. A. There are so many different sorts of knives.B. Cooking devices are such practical presents.C. A mixer can save so much time in making cakes.D. Saucepans and frying pans are a must in the kitchen.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A. Some new problems in her work.B. Cooperation with an international bank.C. Her chance for promotion in the bank.D. Her intention to leave her present job.13. A. The World Bank.B. Bank of Washington.C. A U.S. finance corporation.D. An investment bank in New York.14. A. Supervising financial transactions.B. Taking charge of public relations.C. Making loans to private companies in developing countries.D. Offering service to international companies in the United States.15. A. It is a first major step to realizing the woman’s dream.B. It is an honor for the woman and her present employer.C. It is a loss for her current company.D. It is really beyond his expectation.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. Carry out a thorough checkup.B. Try to keep the gas tank full.C. Keep extra gas in reserve.D. Fill up the water tank.17. A. Attempting to leave your car to seek help.B. Opening a window a bit to let in fresh air.C. Running the engine every now and then.D. Keeping the heater on for a long time.18. A. It exhausts you physically.B. It makes you fall asleep easily.C. It causes you to lose body heat.D. It consumes too much oxygen.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. They are very generous in giving gifts.B. They refuse gifts when doing business.C. They regard gifts as a token of friendship.D. They give gifts only on special occasions.20. A. They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B. They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C. They have to follow many specific rules.D. They pay attention to the quality of gifts.21. A. Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B. We must be aware of cultural differences in giving gifts.C. We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.D. Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A. It reflects American people’s view of French politics.B. It is first published in Washington and then in Paris.C. It explains American politics to the French public.D. It is popular among French government officials.23. A. Work on her column.B. Do housework at home.C. Entertain her guests.D. Go shopping downtown.24. A. To report to her newspaper.B. To refresh her French.C. To visit her parents.D. To meet her friends.25. A. She might be recalled to France.B. She might change her profession.C. She might close her Monday column.D. She might be assigned to a new post.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill inthe blanks with the exact words you have just hoard. Finally, when thepassage is read for the third time, you should check what you havewritten.According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he is considered 26 until the court proves the person is guilty.To arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been 27 . The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station, where the name of the person and the 28 against him are formally listed.The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or 29 . If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court 30 run away, he can go free.Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail(保释⾦). At this time, too, the judge will 31 a court lawyer to defend the suspect if he can’t afford one.The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney’s office presents a case against the suspect. The attorney may present 32 as well as witnesses. The judge then decides whether there is enough reason to 33 .The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is 34 to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the 35 of the American government.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a wordbank following the passage: Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words inthe bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.The fact is, the world has been finding less oil than it has been using for more than twenty years now. Not only has demand been 36 , but the oil we have been finding is coming from places that are 37 to reach. At the same time, more of this newly 38 oil is of the type that requires a greater investment to 39 . And because demand for this precious resource will grow, according to some, by over 40 percentby 2025, fueling the world’s economic 40 will take a lot more energy from every possible source.The energy industry needs to get more from existing fields while continuing to search for new 41 . Automakers must continue to improve fuel efficiency and perfect hybrid(混合动⼒的) vehicles. Technological improvements are needed so that wind, solar and hydrogen can be more 42 parts of the energy equation. Governments need to formulate energy policies that promote 43 and environmentally sound development. Consumers must be willing to pay for some of these solutions, while practicing conservation efforts of their own.Inaction is not an 44 . So let’s work together to balance this equation. We are taking some of the 45 needed to get started, but we need your help to go the rest of the way.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information isderived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraphis marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.I Cry, Therefore I Am[A] In 2008, at a German zoo, a gorilla (⼤猩猩) named Gana gave birth to a maleinfant, who died after three months. Photographs of Gana, looking stricken and inconsolable (伤⼼欲绝的), attracted crowds to the zoo. Sad as the scene was, the humans, not Gana, were the only ones crying. The notion that animals can weep has no scientific basis. Years of observations by biologists Dian Fossey, who observed gorillas, and Jane Goodall, who worked with chimpanzees (⿊猩猩), could not prove that animals cry tears from emotion.[B] It’s true that many animals shed tears, especially in response to pain. Tears protectthe eye by keeping it moist. But crying as an expression of feeling is unique to humans and has played an essential role in human evolution and the development of human cultures.[C] Within two days an infant can imitate sad and happy faces. If an infant does notcry out, it is unlikely to get the attention it needs to survive. Around 34 months, the relationship between the human infant and its environment takes on a more organized communicative role, and tearful crying begins to serve interpersonal purposes: the search for comfort and pacification (抚慰). As we get older, crying becomes a tool of social interaction: grief and joy, shame and pride, fear and manipulation.[D] Tears are as universal as laughter, and grief is more complex than joy. Butalthough we all cry, we do so in different ways. Women cry more frequently and intensely than men, especially when exposed to emotional events. Like crying, depression is, around the world, more commonly seen in women than in men. One explanation might be that women, who despite decades of social advances still suffer from economic inequality, discrimination (歧视) and even violence, might have more to cry about. Men not only cry for shorter periods than women, but they also are less inclined to explain their tears, usually shed them more quietly, and tend more frequently to apologize when they cry openly. Men, like women, report crying at the death of a loved one and in response to a moving religions experience. They are more likely than women to cry when their core identities—as providers and protectors, as fathers and fighters—are questioned.[E] People who score on personality tests as more sympathetic cry more than thosewho are more rigid or have more self-control. Frequency of crying varies widely: some shed tears at any novel or movie, others only a handful of times in their lives.Crying in response to stress and conflict in the home, or after emotional trauma (创伤), lasts much longer than tears induced by everyday sadness—which in turn last longer than tears of delight and joy.[F] Sadness is our primary association with crying, but the fact is that people reportfeeling happier after crying. Surveys estimate that 85% of women and 73% of men report feeling better after shedding tears. Surprisingly, crying is morecommonly associated with minor forms of depression than with major depression involving suicidal thoughts.[G] People widely report that crying relieves tension, restores emotional balance andprovides “catharsis”, a washing out of bad feelings. The term “catharsis”has religious implications of removing evil and sin; it’s no surprise that religious ceremonies are, around the world, one of the main settings for the release of tears.[H] Crying is a nearly universal sign of grief, though some mourners report that,despite genuine sorrow, they cannot shed tears—sometimes even for years after their loved one has gone. Unlike today, when the privacy of grief is more respected, the public or ceremonial shedding of tears, at the graveside of a spouse or the funeral of a king or queen, was once considered socially or even politically essential.[I] Crying has also served other social purposes. Rousseau wrote in his Confessionsthat while he considered tears the most powerful expression of love, he also just liked to cry over nothing.[J] The association of tears with art has ancient roots. The classic Greek tragedies of the fifth century B.C. were primarily celebrations of gods. Tragedies, like poetry and music, were staged religions events. Even then it was recognized that crying in response to drama brought pleasure.[K] I have argued that there are neurobiological(神经⽣物⽅⾯的) associations linking the arts and mood disorders. When I lecture on crying, I ask my audience to let me know, by a show of hands, which art forms most move them to tears.About 80% say music, followed closely by novels (74%), but then the figures fall sharply, to 43%, for poetry, and 10-22% for paintings, sculpture and architecture.[L] The physical act of crying is mainly one of breathing in air, which is why we choke up when we weep. This suggests to language scientists that emotional crying evolved before language, perhaps explaining why tears communicate states of mind and feelings that are often so difficult to express in words. Of course,from an evolutionary perspective, recognition of emotion (usually through facial gesture) was essential for survival.[M] The earliest humans arrived several million years ago, but only 150,000 to 200,000 years ago, did cultures, language, religion and the arts arise. Along the way, tears became more than a biological necessity to lubricate (润滑) the eye and developed into a sign of intense emotion and a signal of social bonding. The development of self-consciousness and the notion of individual identity, or ego;storytelling about the origins of the world, the creation of humanity and life after death; and the ability to feel others’sadness—all were critical parts of the neurobiological changes that made us human[N] More recently, we’ve learned from neuroscience that certain brain circuits (回路) are activated(激活), rapidly and unconsciously, when we see another in emotional distress. In short, our brain evolved circuits to allow us to experience sympathy, which in turn made civilization, and an ethics based on sympathy, possible. So the next time you reach a tissue box, or sob on a friend’s shoulder, or shed tears at the movies, stop and reflect on why we cry and what it means to cry.Becanse ultimately, while we love to cry, we also cry to love.46. Nowadays people respect the privacy of grief more than in the past.47. Infants cry to attract attention for survival.48. There is no scientific evidence as yet that animals can shed tears from emotion.49. Tears can perform certain communicative functions which words cannot.50. Our ability to experience sympathy is essential to the development of civilization.51. People are more inclined to cry when suffering minor forms of depression.52. Sometimes people cannot cry despite genuine grief.53. In humans’long history, tears have developed an essential role in socialrelationships.54. Men are less likely to give reasons for their tears.55. Crying has long been associated with art.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on following passage.Hospitals, hoping to curb medical error, have invested heavily to put computers, smartphones and other devices into the hands of medical staff for instant access to patient data, drug information and case studies.But like many cures, this solution has come with an unintended side effect: doctors and nurses can be focused on the screenand not the patient, even during moments of critical care. A poll showed that half of medical technicians had admitted texting during a procedure.This phenomenon has set off an intensifying discussion at hospitals and medical schools about a problem perhaps best described as “distracted doctoring.” In response, some hospitals have begun limiting the use of electronic devices in critical settings, while schools have started reminding medical students to focus on patients instead of devices.“You justify carrying devices around the hospital to do medical records, but you can surf the Internet or do Facebook, and sometimes Facebook is more tempting,”said Dr. Peter Papadakos at the University of Rochester Medical Center.“My gut feeling(本能的感觉) is lives are in danger,”said Dr. Papadakos. “We’re not educating people about the problem, and it’s getting worse.”A survey of 439 medical technicians found that 55 percent of technicians who monitor bypass machines acknowledged that they had talked on cellphones during heart surgery. Half said they had texted while in surgery. The study concluded, “Such distractions have the potential to be disastrous.”Medical professionals have always faced interruptions from cellphones, and multitasking is simply a fact of life for many medical jobs. What has changed, say doctors, especially younger ones, is that they face increasing pressure to interact with their devices.The pressure stems from a mantra (信条) of modem medicine that patient care must be “data driven,” and informed by the latest, instantly accessible information. By many accounts, the technology has helped reduce medical error by providing instant access to patient data or prescription details.Dr. Peter Carmel, president of the American Medical Association, said technology “offers great potential in health care.”but he added that doctors’first priority should be with the patient.56. Why do hospitals equip their staff with computers, smartphones and otherdevices?A. To reduce medical error.B. To cope with emergencies.C. To facilitate administration.D. To simplify medical procedures.57. What does the author refer to by “distracted doctoring”?A. The disservice done by modem devices to doctors, nurses, as well as patients.B. The tendency of medical institutions encouraging the use of modem devices.C. The problem of devices preventing doctors from focusing on their patients.D. The phenomenon of medical staff attending to personal affairs while working.58. What does Dr. Peter Papadakos worry about?A. Medical students are not adequately trained to use modem technology.B. Doctor’s interaction with their devices may endanger patients’ lives.C. Doctors are relying too heavily on modem electronic technology.D. Pressures on the medical profession may become overwhelming.59. Why do doctors feel increasing pressure to use modem devices?A. Patients trust doctors who use modern technology.B. Use of modem devices adds to hospitals’ revenues.C. Data is given too much importance in patient care.D. Patients’ data has to be revised from time to time.60. What is Peter Carmel’s advice to doctors?A. They follow closely the advances in medical science.B. They focus their attention on the patient’s condition.C. They observe hospital rules and regulations.D. They make the best use of modem devices.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.I have closely watched my generation, known as The Millennials, for 29 years now. Joel Stein wrote an extensive piece on Millennials and he remains rather optimistic about our potential.I hesitate to share his optimism because of a paradox (⽭盾的现象) we seem to exhibit, namely, that there are more avenues for us to entertain ourselves than ever before, yet we are more bored than ever before.Entertainment has never been more varied. We have more cable channels, television shows, and movies than ever before. Internet providers allow instantviewing of almost any movie or television program ever created. Social drinking and partying are also widely available for Millennials. Every generation develops these habits at a certain age, but Millennials seem to be extending this phase of life as they postpone marriage.Some of this is undoubtedly due to The Great Recession. Millennials are having a difficult time finding jobs; only 47 percent of 16-to-24-year-olds are employed, the smallest share since government started recording data in 1948.But do Millennials respond to these economic troubles by doing whatever it takes to make ends meet? Hardly. In fact, of the four generations Pew Research has data for, the Millennial generation does not cite work ethic (勤奋⼯作) as distinctive of itself. Millennials want to save the world, but they sit and wait for that world-changing opportunity to be handed to them. Instead of working 2-3 jobs, launching a business, or doing what it takes to succeed, they retreat. Millennials may be the first generation to have a lower standard of living than their parents, but with this response to adversity (逆境), perhaps deservingly so.Much ink has been spilled in management books discussing how to get the most out of these youths in the workplace. Largely, they come to the same conclusion: Millennials are entitled, over-confident, and expect too much too quickly. We should not be surprised. Today’s young adults were raised by parents who made sure to boost their self-esteem at every turn, telling them they could achieve whatever they set their minds to, and handing out prizes for the sixth place.61. What does the author of the passage think of Millennials?A. They show little interest in entertainment.B. They are not confident about their ability.C. They enjoy an easy life due to high technology.D. They may not have bright prospects for success.62. How do Millennials feel about their life?A. They can hardly do anything about it.B. There is little in it to get excited about.C. It is not as good as their parents’.D. It is full of opportunities for success.63. In what way are Millennials different from previous generations according to PewResearch?A. They spend less time socializing.B. They are indifferent to others.C. They do not value hard work.D. They are more independent.64. What should Millennials do according to the author?A. Remain optimistic in face of adversity.B. Start a business as early as possible.C. Make full use of new opportunities.D. Take action to change their situation.65. Why are Millennials over-confident about themselves?A. They have been spoiled by their parents.B. They can always get whatever they expect.C. They are misguided by management books.D. They think they are young and energetic.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国教育⼯作者早就认识到读书对于国家的重要意义。

2019年06月英语四级真题第2套.pdf

2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第二套）Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Union.You should write at least120words but no more than180words.PartⅡListening Comprehension(25minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）,B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A）Heavy floods.C）Bad economy.B）Safety concerns.D）Workers’strikes.2.A）It is competitive with its numerous tourist destinations.B）It provides many job opportunities for French people.C）It is the biggest concern of the French government.D）It plays an important role in the nation’s economy.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A）To carry out a scientific survey.C）To rescue two sick American workers.B）To establish a new research station.D）To deliver urgent medical supplies.4.A）The darkness and cold.C）The biting winds.B）The heavy snow and fog.D）The ice all around.Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A）By tying it to a door handle.C）With a remote control craft.B）By shaking it back and forth.D）With a full-sized helicopter.6.A）He has lots of fans on Facebook.C）He often suffers from toothaches.B）He has rich experience in flying.D）He has learned to pull teeth from a video.7.A）Spend more time together.C）Do something fun and creative.B）Tell them adventure stories.D）Play with them in a safe place.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B），C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the news report you have just heard.8.A)To confirm an urgent appointment.C)To ask the woman to sign a document.B)To collect a package from the woman.D)To arrange the delivery of a package.9.A）She is doing shopping.C）She is not at home.B）She is visiting a friend.D）She is not feeling well.10.A）He will be off duty the whole day.C）He will have to have his car repaired.B）He will be working somewhere else.D）He will be too busy to spare and time. 11.A）Sign her name.C）Pay a small fee.B）Confirm online.D）Show up in person.Questions12to15are based on the news report you have just heard.12.A）Vacation in Italy.C）Throw a farewell party.B）Study abroad.D）Go to a fashion show in Milan.13.A）Quite sleepy.C）Rather depressed.B）Very excited.D）Nearly exhausted.14.A）He has to attend a party.C）He has to make a presentation.B）He has to meet a friend.D）He has to finish an assignment.15.A）Say goodbye to the woman at the airport.C）Drive the Woman to the airport.B）Meet the woman at the Black Cat Cafe.D）Have lunch with the woman.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre. Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)It has kept growing over the centuries.B)Its top is hidden in clouds of volcanic smoke.C)Its height changes with each volcanic eruption.D)It has a recorded history of1500years.17.A)They are now a tourist destination.B)They attract a lot of migrating birds.C)They provide shelter for the farmers.D)They make good fields for farming.18.A)They nest on the volcano’s slopes.B)They feed on certain small mammals.C)They compete with each other for food.D)They match large mammals in strength.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)He is self-employed.C)He studies talent.B)He is a career advisor.D)He owns a magazine.20.A)Doing what they like best.C)Making no excuses for failures.B)Loving the work they do.D)Following their natural instinct.21.A)It does not come to anything without hard work.B)It may prove to be quite different from hard work.C)It is a natural gift only some special people can possess.D)It does not come to you until something special happens.Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)It is a bit difficult to learn.C)It is a traditional type of ballet.B)It was popular in New Zealand.D)It evolved in the mid-1970s.23.A)She wanted her to be a ballet dancer.C)She hated to see her idling about.B)She used to be a ballet dancer herself.D)She was too busy to look after her.24.A)After she started teaching English.C)When she moved to New York city.B)Before she left for New Zealand.D)Once she began to live on her own.25.A)It has renewed her passion for life.C)It has helped her make new friends.B)It has made her happy and energetic.D)It has enabled her to start a new career.Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Questions26to35are based on the following passage.Just because they can’t sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn’t mean that animals don’t have culture.There’s no better example of this than killer whales.As one of the most__26__predators （食肉动物），killer whales may not fit the27of a cultured creature.However,these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly__28__behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.The word“culture”comes from the Latin“colere,”which29means“to cultivate.”Inother words,it refers to anything that is__30__or learnt,rather than instinctive or natural.Among human populations,culture not only affects the way we live,but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are.For instance,having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic,the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic31that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet,thereby allowing them to__32__in their cold climate.Like humans,killer whales have colonized a range of different__33__across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet,with an empire that34from pole to pole.As such,different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order[B]This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share of young Americans who are choosing to settle down romantically before age35.Dating back to1880,the most common living arrangement among young adults has been living with a romantic partner, whether a spouse or a significant other.This type of arrangement peaked around1960,when62% of the nation’s18-to34-year-olds were living with a spouse or partner in their own household,and only one-in-five were living with their parents.[C]By2014,31.6%of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their own household,below the share living in the home of their parent(s)(32.1%).Some14%of youngadults lived alone,were a single parent or lived with one or more roommates.The remaining22% lived in the home of another family member(such as a grandparent,in-law or sibling(兄弟姐妹)), a non-relative,or in group quarters like college dormitories.[D]It’s worth noting that the overall share of young adults living with their parents was not at a record high in2014.This arrangement peaked around1940,when about35%of the nation’s 18-to34-year-olds lived with mom and/or dad(compared with32%in2014).What has changed, instead,is the relative share adopting different ways of living in early adulthood,with the decline of romantic coupling pushing living at home to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.[E]Among young adults,living arrangements differ significantly by gender.For men ages18 to34,living at home with mom and/or dad has been the dominant living arrangement since2009, In2014,28%of young men were living with a spouse of partner in their own home,while35% were living in the home of their parent(s).Young women,however,are still more likely to be living with a spouse of romantic partner(35%)than they are to be living with their parent(s)(29%).[F]In2014,more young women(16%)than young men(13%)were heading up a household without a spouse or partner.This is mainly because women are more likely than men to be single parents living with their children.For their part,young men(25%)are more likely than young women(19%)to be living in the home of another family member,a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.[G]A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase in the share of young.Adults living with the parents.The first in the postponement of,if not retreat from,marriage.The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for decades.In addition,a growing share of young adult may be avoiding marriage altogether.A previous Pew Research Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-four of today’s young adult may never marry.While cohabitation（同居）has been on the rise,the overall share of young adults either married or living with an unmarried partner has substantially fallen since1990.[H]In addition,trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributed to the growing share of young adults who are living in the home of their parent(s),and this is especially true of young men.Employed young men are much less likely to live at home than young men without a job,and employment among young men has fallen significantly in recent decades.The share of young men with jobs peaked around1960at84%.In2014,only71%of 18-to-34-year-old men were employed.Similarly with earnings,young men’s wages(after adjusting for inflation)have been on a downward trajectory(轨迹)since1970and fell significantly form2000to2010.As wages have fallen,the share of young men living in the home of their parent(s)has risen.[I]Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are increasingly likely to live at home.Generally,young women have had growing success in the paid labor market since 1960and hence might increasingly be expected to be a be to afford to afford to live independently of their parents.For women,delayed marriage—which is related,in part,to labor market outcomes for men—may explain more of the increase in their living in the family home.[J]The Great Recession(and modest recovery)has also been associated with an increase in young adults living at home.Initially in the wake of the recession,college enrollments expanded, boosting the ranks of young adults living at home.And given the weak job opportunities facing young adults,living at home was part of the private safety net help young adults to weather theeconomic storm.[K]Beyond gender,young adult’s living arrangements differ considerable by education—which is tied to financial means.For young adults without a bachelor’s degree,as of 2008living at home with their parents was more prevalent than living with a romantic partner.By 2014,36%of18-to34-year-olds who had not completed a bachelor’s degree were living with their parent(s)while27%were living with a spouse or partner.Among college graduates,in2014 46%were married or living with a partner,and only19%were living with their parent(s).Young adults with a college degree have fared much better in the labor market than their less-educated counterparts,which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households.36.Unemployed young men are more likely to live with their parents than the employed.37.In2014,the percentage of men aged18to34living with their parents was greater than that of their female counterparts.38.The percentage of young people who are married or live with a partner has greatly decreased in the past three decades or so.39.Around the mid-20th century,only20percent of18-to34-year-old lived in their parents’home.40.Young adults with a college degree found it easier to live independently of their parents.41.Young men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women.42.More young adult women live with their parents than before due to delayed marriage.43.The percentage of young men who live with their parents has grown due to their decreased pay in recent decades.44.The rise in the number of college students made more young adults live with their parents.45.One reason for young adults to live with their parents is that get married late or stay single all their lives.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.According to the majority of Americans,women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men.The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership,most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation,with many saying they’re stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.So why,then,are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the UnitedStates?According to the public,at least,it’s not that they lack toughness,management talent or proper skill sets.It’s also not all about work-life balance.Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs,relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles.Only about one-in-five say women’s family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren’t more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.Instead,topping the list of reasons,about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business,where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves.Similar shares say the electorate(选民)and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.As a result,the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future,even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While53%believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future,44%say it’s only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men.Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics:73%expect to see a female president in their lifetime.46.What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?A)They have to do more to distinguish themselves.B)They have to strive harder to win their positions.C)They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.D)They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.47.What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?A)They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.B)They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.C)Their failures may have something to do with family duties.D)Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.48.What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey?A)Personality traits.B)Family responsibilities.C)Gender bias.D)Lack of vacancies.49.What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?A)More and more women will sit in the boardroom.B)Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.C)The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.D)People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.50.What do most Americans expect to see soon on America’s political stage?A)A woman in the highest position of government.B)More and more women actively engaged in politics.C)A majority of women voting for a female president.D)As many women in top government positions as men.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.People have grown taller over the last century,with South Korean women shooting up by more than20cm on average,and Iranian men gaining.16.5cm.A global study looked at the average height of18-year-olds in200countries1914and2014.The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in1914,Dutch men have risen from12th place to claim top spot with an average height tvian women. Meanwhile,rose from28th place in1914to become the tallest in the world a century later,with an average height of169.8cm.James Bentham,a co-author of the research from Imperial College,London,says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare.“An individual’s genetics has a big influence on their height,but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role,”he added.A little extra height brings a number of advantages,says Elio Riboli of Imperial College.“Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy,”he said.“This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular（心血管的）disease among taller people.”But while height has increased around the world,the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern,says Riboli.While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early20th century,the trend has reversed in recent years,with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.“One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the1980s,”said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex.The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment,he says,led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.Bentham believe the global trend of increasing height has important implications.“How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in,”he said.“If we give children the best possible start in life now,they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.”51.What does the global study tell us about people’s height in the last hundred years?A）There is a remarkable difference across continents.B）There has been a marked increase in most countries.C）The increase in people’s height has been quickening.D）The increase in women’s height is bigger than in men’s.52.What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people’s height?A）It counts less than generally thought.B）It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.C）It impacts more on an individual than on population.D）It plays a more significant role in females than in males.53.What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?A）They tend to live longer.B）They enjoy an easier life.C）They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.D）They have greater expectations in life.54.What do we learn about18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger?A)They grow up slower than their peers in other countries.B)They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.C)They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.D)They have experienced many changes of government55.What does James Bentham suggest we do?A)Watch closely the global trend in children’s development.B)Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.C)Try every means possible to improve our environment.D)Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有2000多年历史。

2019年6月大学英语四级真题及解析(第二套)

2019年6月大学英语四级真题及解析（第二套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this pant, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a Hope Elementary School organized by your StudentUnion. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.【听力原文】News Report OneFrance is facing potentially more than $ I billion in lost revenue this year due to huge declines in tourism.Safety concerns have been one of the biggest reasons why the country has lost over half a billion in revenue already in the first six months of 2016. The terror attacks in Paris last November were called Europe's worst in the past decade. Besides violence, workers' strikes and heavy floods are said to have also been why international tourists have stayed away.So far in the Paris region, there's been a 46%decline in Japanese visitors, 35%fewer Russians and 27% fewer Italians. American travelers seem the least affected. Their numbers have only dropped by roughly 5%.According to the French government, the country is the No.1 tourist destination in the world, and, tourism is extremely important to the French economy. The sector represents roughly 9%of its GDP. The head of Paris' Tourism Board said:"It's time to realize that the tourism sector is going through an industrial disaster."Questions I and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. What counts most for the huge declines in tourism in France?A. Heavy floods.B. Safety concerns.C. Bad economy.D. Workers' strikes.2. What do we learn from the report about tourism in France?A. It is competitive with its numerous tourist destinations.B. It provides many job opportunities for French people.C. It is the biggest concern of the French government.D. It plays an important role in the nation's economy.【听力原文】News Report TwoA small plane with two sick US workers arrived safely in Chile late Wednesday after leaving Antarctica in a daring rescue mission from a remote South Pole research station.After making a stop for a few hours at a British station on the edge of Antarctica, the two workers were flown to the southernmost Chilean city of Punta Arenas. In a chaotic two days offlying, the rescue team flew 3,000 miles roundtrip from the British station Rothera to pick up the workers at the US Amundsen-Scott Station at the South Pole.The two patients aboard will be transported to a medical facility that can provide a level of care that is not available at Amundsen-Scott, says a spokesperson.Normally planes don't go to the polar post from February to October because of the dangers of flying in the pitch-dark and cold."Antarctica creates a hostile environment," says the operations director for the British Antarctic Survey," if you are not careful, it'll come around and bite you."Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. What was the small plane's mission to Antarctica?A. To carry out a scientific survey.B. To establish a new research station.C. To rescue two sick American workers.D. To deliver urgent medical supplies4. What makes flying to Antarctica dangerous from February to October?A. The darkness and cold.B. The heavy snow and fog.C. The biting winds.D. The ice all around.【听力原文】News Report ThreeA pilot from Virginia removed his son's loose tooth using a helicopter. Rick Rahim from Virginia，flies helicopters for a living，and when his 7-year-old son's tooth became loose, he did not waste time by tying it to a door handle. Instead, Mr.Rahim tied one end of a string around his son's tooth，and the other end to his full-sized commercial helicopter.The father of four posted a video clip of his playful venture on Facebook, advising parents to "do fun and creative stuff with their kids." The video shows him launching the helicopter into the air and flying just far enough to successfully remove the loose tooth.At the end of the video, Mr. Rahim assures watchers that the circumstances were safe, and that he has 13 years of helicopter flying experience behind him. "You’ve got to do everything safe n life, and that's what I did today." he said.Mr. Rahim later said that although some parents have used remote control helicopters to pull teeth before, he might be the first to use a full-sized aircraft, as he can't find evidence that it has been done before.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. How did Rick Rahim remove his son's loose tooth?A. By tying it to a door handle.B. By shaking it back and forth.C. With a remote control craft.D. With a full-sized helicopter.6. What does the news reports say about Rick Rahim?A. He has lots of fans on Facebook.B. He has rich experience in flying.C. He often suffers from toothaches.D. He has learned to pull teeth from a video.7. What did Rick Rahim advise parents to do with their kids?A. Spend more time together.B. Tell them adventure stories.C. Do something fun and creative.D. Play with them in a safe place.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spokenonly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet I with a single line through the centre.【听力原文】Conversation OneW: Hi. Emma's speaking. Who's this?M: Hi. Emma. I'm Paul from Hermes Delivery Service, Here's a package for you. Are you at home to collect it?W: Oh, sorry, Paul. I'm out at the moment. Can you put it in my mailbox?M: I'm afraid I can't do that, sorry. The package is too big, and it needs a signature to confirm you have received it. So I would need to deliver it at a time when you’re in.W: Okay, well. I'm out all day today, but I should be in tomorrow morning before I go out for lunch. And then I’ll be at home again later in the afternoon. Will either of those times be convenient for you?M: They’re not, unfortunately. I'm sorry. I won't be in the area tomorrow as I have some other deliveries to make on the other side of town. I could come the day after if that suits you. W: Okay, yes, that should be fine. I have a friend coming round in the afternoon, but I'll be at home. So the day after tomorrow will be great. Do I need to pay for the package?M: No, you don't. It says here that you paid for it when you ordered it online.W: Oh, yes, I did. I got mixed up.M: So you just need to sign the form to say you've received it.W: Okay, great. See you the day after tomorrow then.M: Yes. See you then.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. Why is the man making the phone call? A. To confirm an urgent appointment.B. To collect a package from the woman.C. To ask the woman to sign a document.D. To arrange the delivery of a package9. Why can't the woman meet the man today?A. She is doing shopping.B. She is visiting a friend.C. She is not at home.D. She is not feeling well.10. Why is the man unable to see the woman tomorrow?A. He will be off duty the whole day.B. He will be working somewhere else.C. He will have to have his car repaired.D. He will be too busy to spare any time.11. What should the woman do to receive her purchase?A. Sign her name.B. Confirm online.C. Pay a small fee.D. Show up in person.【听力原文】Conversation TwoM: Hi, Emily! I hear you're leaving for Italy soon. Do you plan to have a going-away party before you disappear? It'll be really nice for us to hang out together before you go.W: I'm not sure. I'm leaving in just two more days，and I'm going to miss all my friends here and especially this place. Why don't you come over? I'm feeling rather sad, actually. I'm currently sitting alone at a table outside the Black Cat Cafe. listening to the rain and watching people passing by.M: I am sorry. I can't just now. I need to get this assignment finished by Monday，and I'm way behind. Anyhow, cheer up! You're not leaving for good. And you'll absolutely love Italy. W: Yeah, you're right. But I just feel like I'm not quite ready to go. And studying in a foreign country seems a bit overwhelming.M: Just think of your life in Milan. In the mornings, you can go down to a small local cafe, soaking up the sun's rays and drinking coffee. I envy you. You can buy lots of gorgeous Italian clothes.W: That does sound nice. And of course，I can keep in touch with everyone through Facebook.Maybe you can all come visit me.M: Of course we will. When is your flight?W: On Saturday, after lunch, at 1:45.M: Okay. I'll try and come to the airport on Saturday to see you off. I'll give you a call that morning, no matter what.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. What is the woman going to do?A. Vacation in Italy.B. Study abroad.C. Throw a farewell party.D. Go to a fashion show in Milan.13. How does the woman feel at the moment?A. Quite sleepy.B. Very excited.C. Rather depressed.D. Nearly exhausted14. Why can't the man meet the woman now?A. He has to attend a party.B. He has to meet a friend.C. He has to make a presentation.D. He has to finish an assignment15. What will the man possibly do on Saturday?A. Say goodbye to the woman at the airport.B. Meet the woman at the Black Cat Café.C. Drive the woman to the airport.D. Have lunch with the woman.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I witha single line through the centre.【听力原文】Passage OneMount Etna is one of the most active volcanoes on Earth. The mountain has been in a state of near continuous eruption for half a million years. Exploring the Etna geographical area reveals a history written in fire. Before the eruptions, it was covered by forests of pine trees.Located in southern Italy, Etna is the highest active volcano in Europe. However, its height often changes when volcanic material accumulates during eruptions and subsequently collapses. Few volcanoes in the world have an eruption history so thoroughly documented by historical records-Etna's eruption history dates back as far as 1500 BC. Some two hundred eruptions have been recorded down through the centuries, but compared with other volcanoes; most of its eruptions have so far been fairly light in terms of death and destruction. Only about one hundred deaths have been attributed to the volcano. The mountain hasn't been entirely harmless, however; in 1928 it destroyed the town of Mascali.Over the centuries, Etna's lower slopes have been shaped by human hands to take advantage of rich soils for growing grapes, apples and nuts. Local people have also carved out over two hundred caves in the soft rock, and used them for everything from sacred burial places to food storage.Large mammals once wandered the volcano's slopes, but today foxes, wild cats, rabbits, and mice are more common. Some of those small mammals help to sustain such big birds as golden eagles.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. What does the speaker say about Mount Etna?A. It has kept growing over the centuries.B. Its top is hidden in clouds of volcanic smoke.C. Its height changes with each volcanic eruption.D. It has a recorded history of 1,500 years.17. What do we learn about the lower slopes of Mount Etna?A. They are now a tourist destination.B. They attract a lot of migrating birds.C. They provide shelter for the farmers.D. They make good fields for farming.18. What does the speaker say about big birds like golden eagles at Mount Etna?A. They nest on the volcano's slopes.B. They feed on certain small mammals.C. They compete with each other for food.D. They match large mammals in strength. 【听力原文】Passage TwoMy name is Brandon Leonard，and I'm an author, magazine writer, filmmaker and public speaker. I'm self-employed, which means I work for myself and I do what I love.We have a popular saying in America which goes," Do what you love, and you'll never work a day in your life."But I'm here to tell you that instead of focusing on doing what we love, I think we should focus on loving what we do.In my line of work, you'll hear a lot about talent，which is an idea we mostly invented to give ourselves an excuse to be lazy. Here's why: if you see someone doing something really well，you would say it's because they are talented. You think they are somehow special. You discount the tremendous amount of work they've done to get to where they are.Research has shown that talent is nothing without hard work. I choose to believe in hard work, but not so much in talent. There are no special people, just people who put in enough hard work until something special happens.I can promise you one thing: whatever you choose to do for a career，if you work hard at it, eventually special things will happen. They may not happen as quickly as you'd like them to, and they may turn out to be completely different from the special things you imagined at the beginning, but they will happen.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard19. What do we learn about the speaker?A. He is self-employed.B. He is a career advisor.C. He studies talent.D. He owns a magazine.20. What is the speaker's advice to his audience?A. Doing what they like best.B. Loving the work they do.C. Making no excuses for failures.D. Following their natural instinct.21. What does the speaker say about talent?A. It does not come to anything without hard work.B. It may prove to be quite different from hard work.C. It is a natural gift only some special people can possess.D. It does not come to you until something special happens.【听力原文】Passage ThreeA question we often ask others and are also frequently asked by others is" what do you normally do after school or work?"Some commonplace answers are," Well, I go to the gym." "Um，I just go home and watch TV.""I meet my friends for dinner." or "I just go to bed because it's so late and I'm tired,"Unlike any of these typical responses，I'm proud to say that I love to dance salsa after a long and tiring day of work. Salsa is a kind of dancing that evolved in the mid-1970s in New York My dancing life began not because I wanted to do it, but because my mother was sick and tired of seeing me running around after school doing nothing. So she enrolled me into a ballet course when I was six. I fell in love with it instantly and continued with ballet dancing for about ten years.Then, I left my native country of New Zealand to start my career as an English teacher, which eventually brought my dancing life to a halt.It wasn't until I rediscovered salsa in a lovely studio while working in Asia that I renewed my passion for dancing. Since then, I have been trying to attend dancing classes twice a week after work. It's a great way for me to relieve stress and pressure，and dance my way towards feeling energetic and happy again.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. What does the speaker say about the dance, salsa?A. It is a bit difficult to learn.B. It was popular in New Zealand.C. It is a traditional type of ballet.D. It evolved in the mid-1970s.23. Why did the speakers' mother enroll her in a ballet course?A. She wanted her to be a ballet dancer.B. She used to be a ballet dancer herself.C. She hated to see her idling about.D. She was too busy to look after her24. When did the speaker's dancing life come to a halt?A. After she started teaching English.B. Before she left for New Zealand.C. When she moved to New York City.D. Once she began to live on her own.25. In what way has salsa dancing benefited the speaker?A. It has renewed her passion for life.B. It has made her happy and energetic.C. It has helped her make new friends.D. It has enabled her to start a new career. Part III Reading Comprehension（40 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in thebank is identified by a letter: Please mark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Just because they can't sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn't mean that animals don't have culture. There's no better example of this than killer whales. As one of the most 26 predators（食肉动物），killer whales may not fit the 27 of a cultured creature. However，these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly 28 behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.The word "culture" comes from the Latin "colere," which 29 means "to cultivate." In other words, it refers to anything that is 30 or learnt，rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance，having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic 31 that help them digest and utilize this far, rich diet, thereby allowing them to 32 in their cold climate.Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different 33 across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet with an empire that 34 from pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey（猎物）.This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to 35 that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals, genetic development.A. acquiredB. adaptationsC. brutalD. deliberatelyE. expressedF. extendsG. habitatsH. humbleI. imageJ. literallyK. refined L. revolves M. speculate N. structure O. thrive Section BDirections：In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraphmore than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter：Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Living with parents edges out other living arrangements for 18- to 34-year-oldsA) Broad demographic（人口的）shifts in marital status, educational attainment and employmenthave transformed the way young adults in the U.S. are living, and a new Pew Research Center analysis highlights the implications of these changes for the most basic element of their lives-where they call home. In 2014, for the first time in more than 130years, adults ages 18 to34 were slightly more likely to be living in their parents' home than they were to be livingwith a spouse or partner in their own household.B) This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share of young Americanswho are choosing to settle down romantically before age 35.Dating back to 1880, the most common living arrangement among young adults has been living with a romantic partner, whether a spouse or a significant other. This type of arrangement peaked around1960, when 62%of the nation's 18-to-34-year-olds were living with a spouse or partner in their own household，and only one-in-five were living with their parents.C) By 2014, 31.6%of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their own household，below the share living in the home of their parent(s)(32.1%).Some 14%of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one or more roommates. The remaining 22%lived in the home of another family member（such as a grandparent，in-law or sibling（兄弟姐妹））,a non-relative, or in group quarters like college dormitories.D) It's worth noting that the overall share of young adults living with their parents was not at arecord high in 2014.This arrangement peaked around 1940, when about 35%of the nation's 18-to-34-year-olds lived with mom and/or dad(compared with 32%in 2014), What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting different ways of living in early adulthood, with the decline of romantic coupling pushing living at home to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.E) Among young adults, living arrangements differ significantly by gender. For men aged 18 to34,living at home with mom and/or dad has been the dominant living arrangement since2009.In 2014, 28%of young men were living with a spouse or partner in their own home, while 35%were living in the home of their parent(s).Young women, however, are still more likely to be living with a spouse or romantic partner(35%) than they are to be living with their parent(s)(29%).F) In 2014, more young women(16%)than young men(13%)were heading up a household withouta spouse or partner. This is mainly because women are more likely than men to be singleparents living with their children. For their part，young men(25%)are more likely than young women(19%)to be living in the home of another family member, a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.G) A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase in the share of young adults living withtheir l parents. The first is the postponement of, if not retreat from, marriage. The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for decades. In addition, a growing share of young adultsmay be avoiding marriage altogether. A previous Pew Research Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-four of today's young adults may never marry. While cohabitation（同居）has been on the rise, the overall share of young adults either married or living with an unmarried partner has substantially fallen since 1990.H) In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributed to thegrowing share of young adults who are living in the home of their parent(s), and this is especially true of young men. Employed young men are much less likely to live at home than young men without a job and employment among young men have fallen significantly in recent decades. The share of young men with jobs peaked around 1960 at 84%.In 2014, only 71%of 18-to-34-year-old men were employed. Similarly with earnings, young men's wages (after adjusting for inflation)have been on a downward trajectory（轨迹）since 1970 and fell significantly from 2000 to 2010.As wages have fallen, the share of young men living in the home of their parent(s)has risen.I) Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are increasingly likely tolive at home. Generally, young women have had growing success in the paid labor market since 1960 and hence might increasingly be expected to be able to afford to live independently of their parents. For women, delayed marriage-which is related, in part, to labor market outcomes for men-may explain more of the increase in their living in the family home.J) The Great Recession (and modest recovery) has also been associated with an increase in young adults living at home. Initially in the wake of the recession, college enrollments expanded, boosting the ranks of young adults living at home. And given the weak job opportunities facing young adults living at home was part of the private safety net helping young adults to weather the economic storm.K) Beyond gender, young adults, living arrangements differ considerably by education-which is tied to financial means. For young adults without a bachelor's degree, as of 2008 living at home with their parents was more prevalent than living with a romantic partner. By 2014, 36%of 18-to-34-year-olds who had not completed a bachelor's degree were living with their parent(s) while 27%were living with a spouse or partner. Among college graduates, in 2014 46% were married or living with a partner, and only 19%were living with their parents. Young adults with a college degree have fared much better in the labor market than their less-educated counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households.36. Unemployed young men are more likely to live with their parents than the employed.37. In 2014, the percentage of men aged 18 to 34 living with their parents was greater than that oftheir female counterparts.38. The percentage of young people who are married or live with a partner has greatly decreasedin the past three decades or so.39. Around the mid-20th century, only 20 percent of 18-to 34-year-olds lived in their parents'home.40. Young adults with a college degree found it easier to live independently of their parents41. Young men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women.42. More young adult women live with their parents than before due to delayed marriage.43. The percentage of young men who live with their parents has grown due to their decreasedpay in recent decades.44. The rise in the number of college students made more young adults live with their parents.45. One reason for young adults to live with their parents is that they get married late or stayssingle all their lives.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.According to the majority of Americans，women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership，most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least，it's not that they lack toughness，management talent or proper skill sets.It's also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs，relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women's family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren't more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.Instead, topping the list of reasons，about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate（选民）and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44%say it's only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73%expect to see a female president in their lifetime.46. What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Centersurvey?。

2019年6月四级真题第二套附答案及听力材料

2019年6月四级真题（第二套）答案附后面Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a Hope elementary school organized by your Student Union.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) Heavy floods.B) Safety concerns.C) Bad economy.D) Workers’ strikes.2.A) It is competitive with its numerous tourist destinations.B) It provides many job opportunities for French people.C) It is the biggest concern of the French government.D) It plays an important role in the nation’s economy.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.A) To carry out a scientific survey.B) To establish a new research station.C) To rescue two sick American workers.D) To deliver urgent medical supplies.4.A) The darkness and cold.B) The heavy snow and fog.C) The biting winds.D) The ice all around.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) By tying it to a door handle.B) By shaking it back and forth.C) With a remote control craft.D) With a full-sized helicopter.6.A) He has lots of fans on Facebook.B) He has rich experience in flying.C) He often suffers from toothaches.D) He has learned to pull teeth from a video.7.A) Spend more time together.B) Tell them adventure stories.C) Do something fun and creative.D) Play with them in a safe place.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) To confirm an urgent appointment.B) To collect a package from the woman.C) To ask the woman to sign a document.D) To arrange the delivery of a package.9.A) She is doing shopping.B) She is visiting a friend.C) She is not at home.D) She is not feeling well.10.A) He will be off duty the whole day.B) He will be working somewhere else.C) He will have to have his car repaired.D) He will be too busy to spare any time.11.A) Sign her name.B) Confirm online.C) Pay a small fee.D) Show up in person.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) Vacation in Italy.B) Study abroad.C) Throw a farewell party.D) Go to a fashion show in Milan.13.A) Quite sleepy.B) Very excited.C) Rather depressed.D) Nearly exhausted.14.A) He has to attend a party.B) He has to meet a friend.C) He has to make a presentation.D) He has to finish an assignment.15.A) Say goodbye to the woman at the airport.B) Meet the woman at the Black Cat Cafe.C) Drive the woman to the airport.D) Have lunch with the woman.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) It has kept growing over the centuries.B) Its top is hidden in clouds of volcanic smoke.C) Its height changes with each volcanic eruption.D) It has a recorded history of 1,500 years.A) They are now a tourist destination.B) They attract a lot of migrating birds.C) They provide shelter for the farmers.D) They make good fields for farming.18.A) They nest on the volcano’s slopes.B) They feed on certain small mammals.C) They compete with each other for food.D) They match large mammals in strength.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) He is self-employed.B) He is a career advisor.C) He studies talent.D) He owns a magazine.20.A) Doing what they like best.B) Loving the work they do.C) Making no excuses for failures.D) Following their natural instinct.21.A) It does not come to anything without hard work.B) It may prove to be quite different from hard work.C) It is a natural gift only some special people can possess.D) It does not come to you until something special happens. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) It is a bit difficult to learn.B) It was popular in New Zealand.C) It is a traditional type of ballet.D) It evolved in the mid-1970s.23.A) She wanted her to be a ballet dancer.B) She used to be a ballet dancer herself.C) She hated to see her idling about.D) She was too busy to look after her.24.A) After she started teaching English.B) Before she left for New Zealand.C) When she moved to New York city.D) Once she began to live on her own.25.A) It has renewed her passion for life.B) It has made her happy and energetic.C) It has helped her make new friends.D) It has enabled her to start a new career.Part III Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Just because they can’t sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn’t mean that animals don’t have culture. There’s no better example of this than killer whales. As one of the most 26 predators (食肉动物)，killer whales may not fit the 27 of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly 28 behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.The word “culture” comes from the Latin “colere”, which 29 means “to cultivate.” In other words, it refers to anything that is 30 or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic 31 that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to 32 in their cold climate.Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different 33 across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet, with an empire that34 from pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey (猎物). This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to 35 that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals’ genetic development.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Living with parents edges out other living arrangements for 18- to 34-year-olds A) Broad demographic (人口的) shifts in marital status, educational attainment and employment have transformed the way young adults in the U.S. are living, and a new Pew Research Center analysis highlights the implications of these changes for the most basic element of their lives – where they call home. In 2014, for the first time inmore than 130 years, adults ages 18 to 34 were slightly more likely to be living in their parents’ home than they were to be living with a spouse or partner in their own household.B) This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share of young Americans who are choosing to settle down romantically before age 35. Dating back to 1880, the most common living arrangement among young adults has been living with a romantic partner, whether a spouse or a significant other. This type of arrangement peaked around 1960, when 62% of the nation’s 18- to 34-year-olds were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, and only one-in-five were living with their parents.C) By 2014, 31.6% of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their own household, below the share living in the home of their parent(s) (32.1%). Some 14% of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one or more roommates. The remaining 22% lived in the home of another family member, such as a grandparent, in-law or sibling (兄弟姐妹), a non-relative, or in group quarters like college dormitories.D) It’s worth noting that the overall share of young adults living with their parents was not at a record high in 2014. This arrangement peaked around 1940, when about 35% of the nation’s 18- to 34-year-olds lived with mom and/or dad (compared with 32% in 2014). What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting different ways of living in early adulthood, with the decline of romantic coupling pushing living at home to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.E) Among young adults, living arrangements differ significantly by gender. For men ages 18 to 34, living at home with mom and/or dad has been the dominant living arrangement since 2009. In 2014, 28% of young men were living with a spouse or partner in their own home, while 35% were living in the home of their parent(s). Young women, however, are still more likely to be living with a spouse or romantic partner (35%) than they are to be living with their parent(s) (29%).F) In 2014, more young women (16%) than young men (13%) were heading up a household without a spouse or partner. This is mainly because women are more likely than men to be single parents living with their children. For their part, young men (25%) are more likely than young women (19%) to be living in the home of another family member, a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.G) A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase in the share of young adults living with their parents. The first is the postponement of, if not retreat from, marriage. The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for decades. In addition, a growing share of young adults may be eschewing marriage altogether. A previous Pew Research Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-four of today’s young adults may never marry. While cohabitation (同居) has been on the rise, the overall share of young adults either married or living with an unmarried partner has substantially fallen since 1990.H) In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributed to the growing share of young adults who are living in the home of their parent(s), and this is especially true of young men. Employed young men are much less likely to live at home than young men without a job, and employment among young men has fallen significantly in recent decades. The share of young men with jobs peaked around 1960 at 84%. In 2014, only 71% of 18- to 34-year-old men were employed. Similarly with earnings, young men’s wages (after adjusting for inflation) have been on a downward trajectory (轨道) since 1970 and fell significantly from 2000 to 2010. As wages have fallen, the share of young men living in the home of their parent(s) has risen.I) Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are increasingly likely to live at home. Generally, young women have had growing success in the paid labor market since 1960 and hence might increasingly be expected to be able to afford to live independently of their parents. For women, delayed marriage – which is related, in part, to labor market outcomes for men – may explain more of the increase in their living in the family home.J) The Great Recession (and modest recovery) has also been associated with an increase in young adults living at home. Initially in the wake of the recession, college enrollments expanded, boosting the ranks of young adults living at home. And given the weak job opportunities facing young adults, living at home was part of the private safety net helping young adults to weather the economic storm.K) Beyond gender, young adults’ living arrangements differ considerably by education – which is tied to financial means. For young adults without a bachelor’s degree, as of 2008 living at home with their parents was more prevalent than living with a romantic partner. By 2014, 36% of 18- to 34-year-olds who had not completed a bachelor’s degree were living with their parent(s) while 27% were living wi th a spouse or partner. Among college graduates, in 2014 46% were married or living with a partner, and only 19% were living with their parent(s). Young adults with a college degree have fared much better in the labor market than their less-educated counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households. 36. Unemployed young men are more likely to live with their parents than the employed.37. In 2014, the percentage of men aged 18 to 34 living with their parents was greater than that of their female counterparts.38. The percentage of young people who are married or live with a partner has greatly decreased in the past three decades or so.39. Around the mid-20 century, only 20 percent of 18- to 34-year-olds lived in their parents’ home.40. Young adults with a college degree found it easier to live independently of their parents.41. Young men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women.42. More young adult women live with their parents than before due to delayed marriage.43. The percentage of young men who live with their parents has grown due to their decreased pay in recent decades.44. The rise in the number of college students made young adults live with their parents.45. One reason for young adults to live with their parents is that they get married late or stay single all their lives.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they’re stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it’s not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women’s family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren’t more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate (选民) and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it’s only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.46. What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?A) They have to do more to distinguish themselves.B) They have to strive harder to win their positions.C) They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.D) They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.47. What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?A) They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.B) They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.C) Their failures may have something to do with family duties.D) Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.48.What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey?A) Personality traits.B) Gender bias.C) Family responsibilities.D) Lack of vacancies.49. What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?A) More and more women will sit in the boardroom.B) Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.C) The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.D) People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.50. What do most Americans expect to see soon on America’s political stage?A) A woman in the highest position of government.B) More and more women actively engaged in politics.C) A majority of women voting for a female president.D) As many women in top government positions as men.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. “An individual’s genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role,” he added.A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. “Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy,” he said. “This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease among taller people”.But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.“One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the1980s,” said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.Bentham believe the global trend of increasing height has important implications. “How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in,” he said. “If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to com e.”51. What does the global study tell us about people’s height in the last hundred years?A) There is a remarkable difference across continents.B) There has been a marked increase in most countries.C) The increase in people’s height has been quickenin g.D) The increase in women’s height is bigger than in men’s.52. What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people’s height?A) It counts less than generally thought.B) It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.C) It impacts more on an individual than on population.D) It plays a more significant role in females than in males.53. What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?A) They tend to live longer.B) They enjoy an easier life.C) They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.D) They have greater expectations in life.54. What do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger?A) They grow up slower than their peers in other countries.B) They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.C) They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.D) They have experienced many changes of government.55. What does James Bentham suggest we do?A) Watch closely the global trend in children’s development.B) Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.C) Try every means possible to improve our environment.D) Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.Part IV TranslationDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。

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