2003年考研英语真题解析之阅读理解
2003年考研英语真题解析之阅读理解
考研英语阅读和翻译是分不开的，要掌握文章主旨，理解文章内涵，必须要有一定的翻译能力，尤其是面对长难句时，模糊带过往往不能解决问题。
凯程在线带领大家逐句翻译阅读真题，希望大家能够先打好基础，攻克长难句便指日可待。
2003年第1篇第9句In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi.
词汇：
contest //n. 竞赛
compile //v. 收集;编译
Burundi //n. (国家名)布隆迪
结构：
In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see (主句)//who could compile the most data about Burundi(who宾语从句).
译文：
1995年，中情局举办了一个比赛，看谁能收集到最多的关于布隆迪的资料。
考场上做题时间如何合理分配?
在考试的考场里面，我们的考试是在下午两点到下午五点之间，三个小时的时间进行的。
这就意味着在考场里面你的阅读这部分，理论上讲，你有72分钟的时间，这72分钟做四篇文章，每篇文章大概明确说了，给我考1600个词，每篇文章400个词，实际上考察的过程当中是400到420个单词。
这样平均下来，每一篇文章各位有18分钟的时间。
但是，实际上在考场里面要比18分钟还要多。
为什么?
首先，因为考试的时候是在12月底，那是北半球最冷的时候，下午的考试，上午考试结束，中午同学们吃东西，回来之后一般站在操场上，因为我们的考点多数设置在一些中学或者职业高中里面，大家在操场上结合，站到1：40分的时候，很冷的，基本上一点五十大家都坐定了，提前你大概能想出两到三分钟的时间。
很多同学认为完形填空那部分考的不是英语，考的是人品，平时不扶老太太过马路的往往分是低点，同学基本上蒙，不蒙能维系到三分到四分。
完形填空很多同学采取了差不多得了的态度，整个时长会将近延长到80分钟了。
前三篇文章比较低，最后一篇文章的难度，相对而言比较高，在考场里，如果真的能把阅读的最后一篇文章读的很透彻清晰的时候，就不是正常的人类，这篇文章来自于经济学人等等，拿着考研的文章直接给美国人看，美国人想了半天，这是跟经济相关的。
我再问他，你能不能告诉我一些细节信息?美国人的回答竟然是，对不起，我不知道。
连美国人自己都读不懂，你在考场里面能读懂就怪了。
纠正做题习惯，前三篇阅读不可采用定位法做题
最后一篇文章，可以采取所谓的定位的方法，能对一道是一道。
前三篇文章是拿分的关键。
我给你的时间分配大约是这样的，前三篇文章把阅读的时长提高到20分钟每一篇。
一篇文章的阅读时长20分钟，做题的次序就跟四六级考试不一样，大家习惯浏览选项，找到关键词，返回原文，得出答案，这样考研阅读里面不行，很多同学都这样做。
你们有没有这样一个感觉。
很多所谓的培训机构也好，考研的老师也好，经常领你这样做题，在课上老师领你定位怎么定怎么准，一看这个题，有一个大写字母，答案来了，你会感觉太好使了，自己一回家做，怎么又不好使了?大家自己一定位就找不到答案。
当这种现象出现的时候，你永远都不会去
想，是不是老师的方法有问题?你总会去想我太弱了，考研跟四六级不是一回事，用定位的东西回去找，如果论点论据题的话，答案在前面，对于考研阅读而言，我们要稍微换一下方法，以自然段为单位，我们读一段做一道题，你也不要把文章都读完了再做题，都读完了再做题你必然会忘记。
为什么我说定位法不那么好使呢?是因为讲课的时候对着答案讲怎么定位都准。
我知道这个题选C，怎么定都能定准，根本没有答案的情况下，再定位你会发现考研不那么好使。
定位的好处是迅速、快，你可以把文章都不怎么看明白，答案就选择对，在考研阅读里面要的不是快，是准。
四六级考试给你八分到八分三十秒的时间，长度四百个单词多一点点的文章。
考研也是420个单词上下，给你的时间是20分钟，将近3倍，人家不是要你很快把答案找出来，而是要把文章读的很精细，还是词汇考察，还是其他的各种各样的东西，要的都是精致跟精准，各位，要把你们以前所学过的东西，稍微转换一下思路。
为什么你们一直以来都会用这种所谓的定位方法呢?很简单，一领你定位，一找，对了，到考场里面拿不拿分跟我没有任何关系。
最后结果自己做题会出问题，用最后一百天的时间，把做题的习惯纠正一下。
有的文章，尤其是考研英语，经济类很多的文章，五六个自然段，下面有五道题，基本上还都是保持着文章的命题顺序和行文顺序是一致的，你不用太担心。
如果你先去把一个文章的下面的选项都读完，我告诉你，同学们往往会有什么样的感觉?比如说这是一个文章，下面1234，4道题，你把这四个选项读完，你就会主观觉得某一个选项长的就像对的，一共有四个选项，觉得C长的就很像对的，你就带着这样的有色眼镜返回到原文，不能把文章读的很透彻的时候，你会把你希望对的选项给读对了。
你觉得这个C 好像对，你带回到原文当中一读，发现C果然对了，不是C对了，是你把文章读错了。
不知道自然原因何在，是因为你受到了这种自我的心理暗示。
读一段做一道题，这样效果会比较好。
读每一个自然段做题的时候，我们采取的方法第一段读完了，马上看第一道题，比如说我们看考研英语阅读理解真题2010年的第一篇文章，第一篇文章，大家把第一自然段读完之后，忽然发现后面的21题，考的是根据第一和第二自然段，我们能知道什么?这个时候你的技术动作第一自然段读完了，紧接着不要看下面的选项，把后面的第二自然段再读书，再做题，不要看下面的四个选项，如果你真的把21题的四个选项都看了，然后你就会觉得某一个选项，长的就是像对的，你就会把它读成对的，这样会受到自己的心理暗示。
这些方法和思路，一定是要在未来的三个月里面，大家通过不断地刷真题，贯彻到自己的解题当中。
刚刚有一个生词推测题，考研的根本不是考你到底认不认识这个单词，因为人家考的单词很有可能词汇级别是三万以上的，抓一美国人来都不见得认识，考的不是你是不是背了这个单词。
如果一个文章，一个自然段里面有123句话，中间这一句，某一个单词画了线，人家问你这个单词什么意思?很多同学很傻，把四个选项带回到这句话，去读，看哪一个通顺，哪一个就是正确答案，我告诉你，考研这些年的所有的词汇推理题，当你把四个选项带回到这个生词所在的句子里面的时候，每一个选项都能使其通顺。
这四个选项，带回来，你会发现，每一个选项，都能让这句话通顺，答案一定不是来自于出现这个单词的句子本身，答案一定是在距离这个单词最近的上一句和下一句。
大纲发布后英语复习的最大项目：做真题
常考真题预示着英语考试的走向，所以多做真题是明智之选。
大家在平时应该注重词汇量的增加，多看美剧，多交流，试图以美国人的思维方式来思考。
金融考研英语也占相当大的比重。
所以，大家要勤加练习。
2003年张剑黄皮书考研英语真题与解析
2003年张剑黄⽪书考研英语真题与解析2003年全国攻读硕⼠学位研究⽣⼊学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 1 to how they can best 2 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 3 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 4 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 5 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 6 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 7 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 8 ，publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 9 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 10 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 11 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 12 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 13 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 14 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 15 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 16 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 17 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 18 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 19 for roles that are within their 20 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.1. [A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice2. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance3. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure4. [A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because5. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance6. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed7. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise8. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense9. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D]exchanging10. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple11. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation12. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security13. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D] rarely14. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short15. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if16. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something17. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone18. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D] On the other hand19. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking20. [A] capability [B] responsibility [C] proficiency [D] efficiencySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Inter net. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱ and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage—spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential.In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at.Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymaster’s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,”says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we’ll hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep. Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.21. The emergence of the Net has .[A] received support from fans like Donovan[B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession22. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to .[A] introduce the topic of online spying[B] show how he fought for the US[C] give an episode of the information war[D] honor his unique services to the CIA23. The phrase “making the biggest splash” (line 1,paragraph 3) most probablymeans .[A] causing the biggest trouble[B] exerting the greatest effort[C] achieving the greatest success[D] enjoying the widest popularity24. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that .[A] straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B] straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information[C] straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability[D] straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information25. Straitford is most proud of its .[A] official status[B] nonconformist image[C] efficient staff[D] military backgroundText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is areal possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.26. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to .[A] call on scientists to take some actions[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement27. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is .[A] cruel but natural[B] inhuman and unacceptable[C] inevitable but vicious[D] pointless and wasteful28. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s .[A] discontent with animal research[B] ignorance about medical science[C] indifference to epidemics[D] anxiety about animal rights29. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rightsadvocates, scientists should .[A] communicate more with the public[B] employ hi-tech means in research[C] feel no shame for their cause[D] strive to develop new cures30. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is .[A] a well-known humanist[B] a medical practitioner[C] an enthusiast in animal rights[D] a supporter of animal researchText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases. Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuning fortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.31. According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikelybecause .[A] cost reduction is based on competition.[B] services call for cross-trade coordination.[C] outside competitors will continue to exist.[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat.32. What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in therail industry?[A] Indifferent.[B] Supportive.[C] Indignant.[D] Apprehensive.33. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that .[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business.34. The word “arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to those .[A] who work as coordinators.[B] who function as judges.[C] who supervise transactions.[D] who determine the price.35. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainlycaused by .[A] the continuing acquisition.[B] the growing traffic.[C] the cheering Wall Street.[D] the shrinking market.Text 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans’life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the US spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.36. What is implied in the first sentence?[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.37. The author uses the example of caner patients to show that .[A] medical resources are often wasted[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases[C] some treatments are too aggressive[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable38. The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of.[A] strong disapproval [B] reserved consent[C] slight contempt [D] enthusiastic support39. In contras to the US, Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care.[A] more flexibly [B] more extravagantly[C] more cautiously [D] more reasonably40. The text intends to express the idea that.[A]medicine will further prolong people’s lives[B]life beyond a certain limit is not worth living[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health carePart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.（41）Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.（42）Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political, science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.（43）The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.（44）Tylor defined culture as “…that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.（45）Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set”in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section III Writing46. Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay entitled in which you should1）describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and2）point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)第⼀部分英语知识运⽤试题解析⼀、⽂章总体分析⽂章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、⼼智和⽣理上的变化，并采取⽅法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。
2003年考研英语阅读彻底解析带作文佳句
2003年考研英语阅读彻底解析带作文佳句全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12003年考研英语阅读彻底解析带作文佳句In 2003, the Graduate Entrance Exam for English Reading in China was a challenging one. Students faced difficult texts and complex questions in order to test their comprehension and critical thinking skills. In this article, we will provide a thorough analysis of the reading section of the 2003 exam, along with some useful tips and examples of writing sentences.The reading section of the 2003 exam consisted of multiple passages on a variety of topics, ranging from literature to science to history. Each passage was followed by a series of questions that required students to identify key information, make inferences, and evaluate arguments. To successfully navigate this section, students needed to have a strong grasp of English vocabulary, grammar, and reading comprehension skills.One common type of question in the 2003 exam asked students to identify the main idea of a passage or a specific paragraph. For example, in a passage about the impact oftechnology on society, students might be asked to explain the author's main argument and provide evidence to support it. To answer this type of question effectively, students needed to carefully read the passage, identify the author's key points, and use these points to formulate a clear and concise response.Another type of question in the 2003 exam required students to make connections between different parts of a passage or between different passages. For example, in a passage about the causes of climate change, students might be asked to compare and contrast the arguments of two different authors and evaluate the strength of their evidence. To answer this type of question, students needed to carefully analyze the text, identify similarities and differences, and draw logical conclusions based on the evidence presented.In addition to these types of questions, the 2003 exam also included questions that tested students' ability to identify the tone, purpose, and audience of a passage. For example, in a passage about the history of the English language, students might be asked to explain why the author chose to focus on a particular time period and how this choice shaped the overall argument of the passage. To answer this type of question, students needed to consider the author's language, style, andrhetorical strategies, as well as the context in which the passage was written.Overall, the 2003 Graduate Entrance Exam for English Reading was a challenging test that required students to demonstrate a high level of reading comprehension and critical thinking skills. To succeed on this exam, students needed to carefully read and analyze the passages, identify key information, and use this information to answer a variety of questions. By studying past exams, practicing reading comprehension strategies, and building vocabulary and grammar skills, students could improve their performance on the exam and achieve their academic goals.In conclusion, the 2003 Graduate Entrance Exam for English Reading was a challenging test that required students to demonstrate a high level of reading comprehension and critical thinking skills. By carefully reading and analyzing passages, identifying key information, and using this information to answer a variety of questions, students could improve their performance on the exam and achieve their academic goals. With dedication and hard work, students could successfully navigate the reading section of the exam and excel in their graduate studies.Some example sentences for writing practice:1. The impact of technology on society is a topic of ongoing debate, with proponents and opponents arguing over its benefits and drawbacks.2. Climate change is a complex issue that requires a global response, as the consequences of inaction are dire.3. The history of the English language is a fascinating subject that reveals the evolution of communication and culture over time.4. To succeed on the Graduate Entrance Exam for English Reading, students must develop strong reading comprehension and critical thinking skills through practice and dedication.Overall, the 2003 Graduate Entrance Exam for English Reading was a challenging test that required students to demonstrate a high level of reading comprehension and critical thinking skills. With careful preparation and practice, students could improve their performance on the exam and achieve their academic goals.篇22003年考研英语阅读彻底解析带作文佳句In 2003, the English reading section of the postgraduate entrance exam was a challenge that many candidates faced. The reading comprehension questions required not only a deep understanding of the text but also critical thinking skills to analyze and interpret the information provided.One key aspect of tackling the reading comprehension section is to carefully read and understand the passage before attempting to answer the questions. This involves identifying the main idea, supporting details, and any key points or arguments presented in the text. It is also important to pay attention to the tone and style of the passage, as this can provide clues to help answer the questions.Furthermore, it is essential to practice reading a variety of texts in English to improve comprehension skills. This can include reading newspapers, magazines, academic articles, and literary works. By exposing oneself to a range of topics and writing styles, candidates can become more adept at extracting information and making connections between different pieces of text.In addition to improving reading comprehension skills, candidates should also focus on developing their writing abilities. The essay section of the postgraduate entrance exam requires candidates to articulate their thoughts and arguments clearlyand coherently. To achieve this, candidates should practice organizing their ideas, structuring their essays effectively, and using appropriate language and vocabulary.One useful strategy for writing essays is to start with a clear thesis statement that outlines the main argument or point of view. This can help guide the rest of the essay and ensure that all points made are relevant and support the main argument. Candidates should also use evidence and examples to back up their claims and establish credibility in their writing.Additionally, candidates should pay attention to grammar, punctuation, and spelling in their writing to ensure that their essays are clear and easy to read. Proofreading is essential to catch any errors and make sure that the essay is polished and professional.To further enhance their writing skills, candidates can also study model essays and analyze their structure, argumentation, and use of language. By taking note of effective writing techniques and incorporating them into their own writing, candidates can improve their essay writing abilities and increase their chances of success in the postgraduate entrance exam.Overall, mastering the reading comprehension and essay writing sections of the postgraduate entrance exam requirespractice, perseverance, and dedication. By developing strong reading comprehension skills and honing their writing abilities, candidates can increase their chances of achieving a high score and ultimately succeed in the exam. With hard work and determination, candidates can overcome the challenges of the exam and achieve their academic goals.篇32003年考研英语阅读彻底解析带作文佳句In the year 2003, the English reading section of the postgraduate entrance examination was thoroughly analyzed with a focus on providing example sentences for writing practice. This section is one of the most challenging parts of the exam, as it requires candidates to comprehend and analyze complex passages within a limited time frame.The reading comprehension section typically consists of multiple passages, each followed by a series of questions that test the candidate's ability to understand and interpret the text. To excel in this section, candidates must have a strong grasp of English vocabulary, grammar, and reading skills.One key strategy for approaching the reading comprehension section is to read the questions first beforediving into the passage. This can help candidates identify key information and focus their attention on relevant details while reading. Additionally, it is essential to take notes while reading to ensure a thorough understanding of the passage.Another important aspect of preparing for the reading comprehension section is to practice writing essays using example sentences provided in the study materials. This can help candidates improve their writing skills and learn how to incorporate complex vocabulary and grammar structures into their essays.Overall, the key to success in the reading comprehension section of the postgraduate entrance examination lies in thorough preparation and practice. By studying example sentences, practicing writing essays, and honing reading skills, candidates can increase their chances of achieving a high score in this challenging section of the exam.In conclusion, the year 2003 saw a focus on providing a comprehensive analysis of the reading comprehension section of the postgraduate entrance examination, along with example sentences for writing practice. By following key strategies and practicing diligently, candidates can improve their performancein this crucial part of the exam. Good luck to all candidates preparing for the exam!。
2003年考研英语真题及解析
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 1 to how they can best 2 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 3 , but not justin ways that emphasize competition. 4 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 5 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 6 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 7 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 8 ，publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 9 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 10 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 11 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 12 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 13 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 14 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 15 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 16 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 17 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 18 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 19 for roles that are within their 20 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.1. [A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice2. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance3. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure4. [A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because5. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance6. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed7. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise8. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense9. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging10. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple11. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation12. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security13. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D] rarely14. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short15. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if16. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something17. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone18. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D] On the other hand19. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking20. [A] capability [B] responsibility [C] proficiency [D] efficiencySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Inter net. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱ and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game”of espionage—spying as a “profession.”These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-clic k spying. The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, aspymaster’s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,”says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we’ll hear back from some of them.”Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.21. The emergence of the Net has .[A] received support from fans like Donovan[B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession22. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to .[A] introduce the topic of online spying[B] show how he fought for the US[C] give an episode of the information war[D] honor his unique services to the CIA23. The phrase “making the biggest splash” (line 1,paragraph 3) most probablymeans .[A] causing the biggest trouble[B] exerting the greatest effort[C] achieving the greatest success[D] enjoying the widest popularity24. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that .[A] straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B] straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information[C] straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability[D] straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information25. Straitford is most proud of its .[A] official status[B] nonconformist image[C] efficient staff[D] military backgroundText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause nowseeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and p resent their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.26. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to .[A] call on scientists to take some actions[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement27. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is .[A] cruel but natural[B] inhuman and unacceptable[C] inevitable but vicious[D] pointless and wasteful28. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s .[A] discontent with animal research[B] ignorance about medical science[C] indifference to epidemics[D] anxiety about animal rights29. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates,scientists should .[A] communicate more with the public[B] employ hi-tech means in research[C] feel no shame for their cause[D] strive to develop new cures30. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is .[A] a well-known humanist[B] a medical practitioner[C] an enthusiast in animal rights[D] a supporter of animal researchText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuningfortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.31. According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikelybecause .[A] cost reduction is based on competition.[B] services call for cross-trade coordination.[C] outside competitors will continue to exist.[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat.32. What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the railindustry?[A] Indifferent.[B] Supportive.[C] Indignant.[D] Apprehensive.33. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that .[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business.34. The word “arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to those .[A] who work as coordinators.[B] who function as judges.[C] who supervise transactions.[D] who determine the price.35. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly causedby .[A] the continuing acquisition.[B] the growing traffic.[C] the cheering Wall Street.[D] the shrinking market.Text 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 yearsago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it’s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians —frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.In 1950, the US spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.36. What is implied in the first sentence?[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.37. The author uses the example of caner patients to show that .[A] medical resources are often wasted[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases[C] some treatments are too aggressive[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable38. The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of.[A] strong disapproval [B] reserved consent[C] slight contempt [D] enthusiastic support39. In contras to the US, Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care.[A] more flexibly [B] more extravagantly[C] more cautiously [D] more reasonably40. The text intends to express the idea that.[A]medicine will further prolong people’s lives[B]life beyond a certain limit is not worth living[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health carePart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.（41）Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.（42）Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political, science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.（43）The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science.（44）Tylor defined culture as “…that complexwhole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.” This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.（45）Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section III Writing46. Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay entitled in which you should1）describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and2）point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。
2003年英语考研真题及解析-精简版
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。
第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。
从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。
接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。
第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。
此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。
二、试题具体解析1. [A]（give）thought (to) 想过，思考[B]（give sb. an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion (of) 对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案] A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+ 固定搭配。
首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious 1 to（同时他们须认真……）。
注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious 1 to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。
其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与 give...to 构成短语。
idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give 及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。
2003年考研英语真题阅读理解答案解析
Unit 10 （2003）Part 4重点词汇：1.inevitable（不可避免的；必然的）←in+evitable，in-否定前缀，evitable=avoidable可避免的。
Change is inevitable. In a progressive country change is constant.变革不可避免，在进步的国家里变革是永恒的。
In war there is no substitute for victory.在战争中没有什么可以取代胜利。
Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable.那些使和平改革成为不可能的人，必会使暴力革命成为可能。
the inevitable of history 历史必由之路。
2.life expectancy 预期寿命。
3.depression（消沉；萧条）←de向下+press压+ion名词后缀，动词为depress（压抑；使沮丧）。
Noble deeds and hot baths are the best cures for depression.高尚的行为和热水澡是治疗抑郁的最佳方法。
4.cataract（大瀑布；白内障）5.surgical（外科的；外科医生的；手术的；手术；外科病房）←surg+ical；surgery（外科；外科学；手术；手术室）←surg+ery；surgeon（外科医生；军医）←surg+eon。
6.genetically （由遗传决定地）←gene基因+tical形容词后缀+ly副词后缀。
7.disintegrate（使分裂；使解体）←dis使分离+integrate，integrate（使成为一体）←integr 完整+ate动词后缀；integer（整数；完整的东西）；integrity（完整；诚实；正直）。
2003考研英语解析
2003考研英语解析1. Part APart A of the 2003 Graduate Entrance Examination in English (GEEE) consisted of multiple-choice questions that assessed the test taker’s ability in areas such as vocabulary, grammar, and reading comprehension.1.1 VocabularyThe vocabulary section of Part A had 20 questions. It assessed the test taker’s knowledge and understanding of English words and phrases. The questions ranged from synonyms and antonyms to idioms and collocations. It was important for the test taker to have a strong vocabulary in order to do well in this section.1.2 GrammarThe grammar section of Part A had 20 questions. It assessed the test taker’s knowledge and understanding of English grammar rules. The questions covered various topics such as tenses, verb forms, sentence structure, and word usage. It was crucial for the test taker to have a solid understanding of English grammar in order to answer these questions accurately.1.3 Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section of Part A had 30 questi ons. It assessed the test taker’s ability to understand andinterpret written English passages. The passages ranged from short newspaper articles to longer academic texts. The test taker had to read the passages carefully and answer questions based on the information provided in the text. Strong reading comprehension skills were essential to perform well in this section.2. Part BPart B of the 2003 GEEE consisted of translation and writing tasks. The test taker had to translate a given English passage into Chinese and write an essay on a given topic.2.1 TranslationThe translation task required the test taker to translate a short English passage into Chinese. The passage tested the test taker’s ability to accurately convey the meaning of the original text in another language. It was important for the test taker to have a good knowledge of English and Chinese vocabulary and grammar in order to successfully complete this task.2.2 WritingThe writing task required the test taker to write an essay on a given topic. The test taker had to express their thoughts and opinions in a clear and coherent manner. The essay was expected to have a well-structured introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. It was important for the test taker to plan and organize their essay before writing and to use appropriate vocabulary and grammar throughout.3. Preparation TipsHere are some tips to help you prepare for the 2003 GEEE in English:1.Expand your vocabulary: Read English books,articles, and newspapers to improve your vocabulary. Makea list of new words and review them regularly.2.Practice grammar exercises: Solve grammarexercises to improve your understanding of Englishgrammar rules. Focus on areas that you find difficult andseek help if needed.3.Improve reading comprehension skills: Read Englishpassages and practice answering questions based on them.Pay attention to the main ideas, supporting details, and the overall message of the text.4.Practice translation: Practice translating Englishpassages into Chinese to improve your translation skills.Pay attention to accuracy and try to convey the originalmeaning as closely as possible.5.Develop writing skills: Practice writing essays onvarious topics to improve your writing skills. Pay attention to structure, coherence, and using appropriate vocabulary and grammar.6.Take mock tests: Take simulated exams tofamiliarize yourself with the test format and timeconstraints. This will help you build confidence andimprove your performance under exam conditions.Remember to allocate sufficient time for each section, read the instructions carefully, and manage your time effectively during the exam.Good luck with your preparation for the 2003 GEEE in English!。
2003年考研英语阅读理解真题详细解读
2003年考研英语阅读理解真题详细解读考研英语阅读和翻译是分不开的，要掌握文章主旨，理解文章内涵，必须要有一定的翻译能力，尤其是面对长难句时，模糊带过往往不能解决问题。
凯程在线带领大家逐句翻译阅读真题，希望大家能够先打好基础，攻克长难句便指日可待。
下面我们来看2003年第3篇第4、5句的翻译。
2003年第3篇第4句和第5句Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks.词汇：allowfor // 将…考虑在内;substantial//adj. 数目大的，可观的;实质的，根本的coordinated//adj. 组织有序的;相互搭配的truck//n. 卡车结构：Supporters of the new supersystems argue(主句) //that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service(that宾语从句，其中and并列了两个宾语).Any threat of monopoly(主语), //they argue(插入语), //is removed by fierce competition fromtrucks(谓语是一个被动态).译文：那些支持组建超级铁路系统的人认为，兼并将带来大幅度的成本下降，更好的协调服务。
他们认为，在公路运输的激烈竞争面前，垄断的威胁已经不复存在。
2003年考研英语真题答案及解析
2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。
第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。
从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。
接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。
第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。
此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。
二、试题具体解析1.[A]（give）thought(to)想过，思考[B]（give sb.an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion(of)对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案]A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+固定搭配。
首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious1to（同时他们须认真……）。
注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious1to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。
其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与give...to构成短语。
idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。
2003年考研英语真题与解析
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 1 to how they can best 2 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 3 , but not justin ways that emphasize competition. 4 they are adjusting to their new bodiesand a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 5 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 6 by others. However, the typicalteenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 7to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 8 ，publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 9 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 10 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 11 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 12 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 13 visible in thebackground.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 14 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 15 participantscan remain active as long as they want and then go on to 16 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 17 . This does not mean thatadults must accept irresponsibility. 18 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 19 for roles that are within their 20 and their attentionspans and by having clearly stated rules.1. [A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice2. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance3. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure4. [A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because5. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance6. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed7. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise8. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense9. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging10. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple11. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation12. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security13. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D] rarely14. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short15. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if16. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something17. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone18. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D] On the other hand19. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking20. [A] capability [B] responsibility [C] proficiency [D] efficiencySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Inter net. The American spymaster whobuilt the Office of Strategic Services in the World War Ⅱ and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatevertools came to hand in the “great game”of espionage—spying as a “profession.”These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web h as given birth to a whole industryof point-and-clic k spying. The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions，whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among t he firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc.,a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, aspymaster’s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we’ll suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine,”says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we’ll hear back from some of them.”Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff membershave military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key to its success. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washingtonback-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.21. The emergence of the Net has .[A] received support from fans like Donovan[B] remolded the intelligence services[C] restored many common pastimes[D] revived spying as a profession22. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to .[A] introduce the topic of online spying[B] show how he fought for the US[C] give an episode of the information war[D] honor his unique services to the CIA23. The phrase “making the biggest splash” (line 1,paragraph 3) most probablymeans .[A] causing the biggest trouble[B] exerting the greatest effort[C] achieving the greatest success[D] enjoying the widest popularity24. It can be learned from paragraph 4 that .[A] straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true[B] straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information[C] straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability[D] straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information25. Straitford is most proud of its .[A] official status[B] nonconformist image[C] efficient staff[D] military backgroundText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund B urke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause nowseeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rightsruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animalrights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals inresearch settings, many a re perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman s taffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked ifshe opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When a ssured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry, scientists will findsome way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just don’t understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way—in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. Weneed to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce thesetreatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lestanimal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratoryanimals receive humane c are. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made c ourageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry willextinguish the precious embers of medical progress.26. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to .[A] call on scientists to take some actions[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement27. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is .[A] cruel but natural[B] inhuman and unacceptable[C] inevitable but vicious[D] pointless and wasteful28. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s .[A] discontent with animal research[B] ignorance about medical science[C] indifference to epidemics[D] anxiety about animal rights29. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates,scientists should .[A] communicate more with the public[B] employ hi-tech means in research[C] feel no shame for their cause[D] strive to develop new cures30. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is .[A] a well-known humanist[B] a medical practitioner[C] an enthusiast in animal rights[D] a supporter of animal researchText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved byrails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads willcontrol well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow forsubstantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many s hippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers areserved by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process isexpensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the groundsthat in the long run it reduces everyone's cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which many economists subscribe,but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining whichcompanies will flourish and which will fail.“Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of who wins and who loses in the marketplace?”asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shipper.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortuningfortunes, still does not earn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions toacquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX t o acquire Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Who's going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many c aptive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX i ncrease their grip on the market.31. According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikelybecause .[A] cost reduction is based on competition.[B] services call for cross-trade coordination.[C] outside competitors will continue to exist.[D] shippers will have the railway by the throat.32. What is many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the railindustry?[A] Indifferent.[B] Supportive.[C] Indignant.[D] Apprehensive.33. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that .[A] shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad.[B] there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide.[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief.[D] a government board ensures fair play in railway business.34. The word “arbiters”(line 7,paragraph 4)most probably refers to those .[A] who work as coordinators.[B] who function as judges.[C] who supervise transactions.[D] who determine the price.35. According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly causedby .[A] the continuing acquisition.[B] the growing traffic.[C] the cheering Wall Street.[D] the shrinking market.Text 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and inCalifornia optional. Small wonder. Americans’ life expectancy has nearly doubledover the past century. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 yearsago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death—and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours.Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. Shielded by third-party payersfrom the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us,even if it’s useless. The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. Physicians —frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientificallyjustified.In 1950, the US spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be$1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willingto try to reverse it. Some s cholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certainage—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to ageas productively as they have.Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. As a nation, we may b e overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people’s lives.36. What is implied in the first sentence?[A] Americans are better prepared for death than other people.[B] Americans enjoy a higher life quality than ever before.[C] Americans are over-confident of their medical technology.[D] Americans take a vain pride in their long life expectancy.37. The author uses the example of caner patients to show that .[A] medical resources are often wasted[B] doctors are helpless against fatal diseases[C] some treatments are too aggressive[D] medical costs are becoming unaffordable38. The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is one of.[A] strong disapproval [B] reserved consent[C] slight contempt [D] enthusiastic support39. In contras to the US, Japan and Sweden are funding their medical care.[A] more flexibly [B] more extravagantly[C] more cautiously [D] more reasonably40. The text intends to express the idea that.[A]medicine will further prolong people’s lives[B]life beyond a certain limit is not worth living[C] death should be accepted as a fact of life[D] excessive demands increase the cost of health carePart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Human b eings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans a re thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity.（41）Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity ina calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from suchstudies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology” derives from the Greek words anthropos “human” and logos “the study of.” By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of allhumankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences.（42）Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political, science,psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is afield-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis.（43）The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present,makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir EdwardTylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectualachievements of 19th century science.（44）Tylor defined culture as “,that complexwhole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilitiesand habits acquired by man as a member of society.” This insight, so profound inits simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned. shared, and patterned behavior.（45）Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of“set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.Section III Writing46. Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay entitled inwhich you should1）describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and2）point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。
2003考研英语真题答案
2003考研英语真题答案导语：以下是2003年考研英语真题的详细解析，包括听力、阅读理解和完形填空部分的答案和解析。
希望对考生们的备考有所帮助。
听力部分答案与解析:Section A: Short Conversations1-5: C A B C B解析：这组对话的主题是日常生活中常见的话题，包括维修电器、购物、办公用品等。
对话内容通常在问题中可以直接找到答案，要注意听清关键词。
6-10: C C A A B解析：这组对话主要是关于校园生活和学生活动安排。
细节题主要考查对对话内容的理解，特别是时间、地点、人物关系等方面的细节。
Section B: Short Passages11-15: A B A B C解析：这组短文主要是根据听到的短文内容进行细节理解。
答案往往可以在短文中直接找到。
16-20: B C B A A解析：这组短文主要是关于科技、环境等方面的话题。
考生要着重抓住关键词，并结合整个短文进行理解。
Section C: Long Conversation21-25: B C A C B解析：这篇长对话主要是讨论关于是否组织出国旅行的问题，考生需要关注对话中人物的观点和理由，从而推断出正确答案。
Passage One:26-30: D C B C A解析：这篇文章主要讲述了海鸟的迁徙和它们通过观察星座进行导航的能力。
题目多为细节题和观点题。
Passage Two:31-35: D A C D B解析：这篇文章主要讲述了经济发展与环境保护之间的关系，以及社会各界对此的反应。
题目多为细节题和观点题。
Passage Three:36-40: C B A D D解析：这篇文章主要是介绍古代文化遗址的保护工作及其重要性。
题目多为细节题和观点题。
完形填空部分答案与解析:41-45: C B D A D解析：这篇文章主要是讲述了一个小女孩通过音乐和舞蹈来治愈她心灵上的创伤。
选择题的答案多依赖于上下文的语境理解。