大学英语写作基础教程
英语写作基础教程3
英语写作基础教程A Basic Course in Writing主讲: Priscillapan教学大纲一. 教学对象本课程的教学对象是高等专科英语专业的学生或具有同等水平的自学者._二. 教学目的与要求通过本课程的教学, 使学生初步掌握英语写作技能, 学会用英文写叙述,说明性的短文和一般性应用文.(1) 用英文写叙述,说明性的短文: 要求学生能根据命题列出作文提纲,在1小时内写出不少于200词的短文, 内容切题,完整,条理清楚,语句连贯通顺, 语法基本正确.(2) 用英文写一般性的应用文: 要求学生能根据提示写出知,贺卡,便条,申请书,邀请函,简历, 格式正确, 语言得体._三. 教学安排本课程3个学分, 在一个学期内开设, 每周3学时,共计54学时._四. 教学内容本课程主要教学内容如下:(1) 文稿格式;(2) 句子结构;(3) 构段方式;(4) 谋篇布局;(5) 摘要;(6) 应用文._五. 教学原则(1) 在教学过程中, 要充分考虑成人学习的特点和本课程的特点, 注重对学生遣词造句这两种能力的培养;(2) 在教学过程中, 教师应以指导学生自学为主, 以电视教学和课堂教学为辅, 采用多种教学手段对学生进行写作训练._六. 测试_实行全国统一的闭卷考试.考试采用百分制,60分及格.实施方案一,课时安排____"英语写作基础"课内总学时为54小时,课外练习时数为54小时.二,具体学习安排___ (一)基本技能的学习:6课时,要求掌握标点符号的用法.__ (二)句子的写作:9课时,要求掌握句子统一性,连贯性,重点突出的写作技巧. __ (三)段落的写作:6课时,要求掌握段落统一性的写作,学会主题句和扩展句的运用.__ (四)一般性文章和应用文的写作:30课时,要求掌握基本应用文的写作,这是本课程的重点部分(具体内容附后).__ (五)期末复习:3课时,全面复习本学习的教学内容,模拟考试.三,教学意见____ 1) 作文课应该以教师讲解,学生练习为主.___ 2) 授课重点应该放在写作技能技巧的训练上,理论知识可以适当少讲.___ 3) 有条件的分校可以充分利用网上资源和现代技术设备,利用互联网上的英语写作网站扩大学生的阅读两;利用视频展示台把学生所写的优秀文章向全班批改,也可以讲普遍性的问题;等等.考试题型一,考试题型与要求___ 本课程的考试依据教学大纲的要求,重点考查应用文写作和一般文体的写作.考试为闭卷考试,总分为100分._____ 1.应用文写作___ 根据提示写一个不少于50词的通知和一个不少于100词的便条,要求语言通顺,用词得体,格式正确.满分为30分;_____ 2.命题作文___ 根据所给题目及写作提纲或规定场景等,写一篇不少于200词的作文,要求符合文章类型特点,内容切题,语言通顺.满分为70分.二,考试模拟试题一,Write a notice into the box according to the following facts:(10分) ____乒乓球赛___ 地点: 1号球室:___ 北京商业学校对北京语言文化大学___ 时间:5月8日用六下午五时二,Write a note based on the given facts:(20分) :____ 时间:6月9月____ 对象:Prof. Stone_____ 内容:对不起,不能赴3点的约会.我的论文由,于被朋友锁上了,不能带来.我不知他何时返回.如果方便,我能在明日下午五时在系办公室见您吗若不行,请明早特便条放在我的信箱里,信箱号606.谢谢._____ 留言者:吴敏三,Write an essay of no fewer than 200words:(70分) :________ Title:_ Qualification of a Good University Student________ Aids:________ First Paragraph:_Your point of view of being a good university student________ Second Paragraph: What makes a good university student (with some examples)________ Third Paragraph:_Conclusion平时作业英语写作基础平时作业(大作业)共四次,主要检查同学们对英语应用文写作的掌握情况.__1)完成P125页Exercise 1 (Notice Writing)2)完成P126页Exercise 3 (Note Writing)3)完成P126页Exercise 4 (Letters Writing)4)完成P126页Exercise 5 (resumes Writing)___另外,任课教师可以根据教学内容,适当补充写作练习.General Remarks on Writing_Writing _makes an exact man._Great use and popularity_Needing Much Knowledge_Useful for Reading and Spoken_Great Difficulties as wellTargets of this CourseAt the end of this course, you should be able:_to use the punctuation marks correctly;_to write correct sentences;_to write more effective sentences ;_to compose a full essay;_to write a practical essay like a note, a letter, or a notice etc. Arrangement_ I Writing the titleII Leaving the marginsIII ParagraphingIV CapitalizationV Dividing wordsWriting the titleBe placed in the middle of the first lineEvery word of the title should be capitalizedNo full stop should be used at the end of a titleMarginsA. leave margins at the top and bottom and on the side of each page. Never write on a full page.B. left side margin should be wider if the work is to be bound.C. For students, it is advisable to write on every other line. ParagraphingA. Indentation (Space)… … … … … … ..… … … … … … ..… … … … … … ..… … … … … … ..… … … … … … ..B. Block… … … … … … ..… … … … … … ..… … … … … … ..… … … … … … ..… … … … … … ..HandwritingRegrettably, an English writer is not so concerned with the aesthetics in handwriting as a Chinese writer is. Be neat and legible.A. Make your "t"s different from your "e"s;B. Make your "r"s different from your "v"s;C. If cross out a word, no brackets but a thick line across it;D. If add a word, write it above, not below;E. Two common ways of writing the letters: form loops and print SyllabificationWhen you happen not to have enough room to write a whole word in at the end of a line:A. If the word is monosyllabic, please write it in a next line;B. If the word is polysyllabic, you maybe syllabify it if you feel necessaryHow to syllabify a wordJust splitting a word then a hyphen then the other part of the word. occupation: oc-cu-pa-tion( Don't split it like this: occ-upa-tion)Nowadays, a computer deals with this problems automatically Abbreviations and NumeralsAbbreviations shorten some words, titles and long names. They are used in advertising and informal occasions.1) Be sure to use them before you know.2) Be sure of the dots ( . ).Abbreviations1)___ Before names (family names), titles are abbreviated:Mr. Green Ms. Adella Dr. Bethune2)___ Titles of academics, government officials, and priest can be abbreviated, followed by the full name:Prof. Li Gov. Henry Ford Sen. Robert3)_____ Academic degrees and family designations preceded by full names can be abbreviated:Robert Smith, Ph. D. John Jones Jr./Sr.4) Names of well-known organizations, firms, places, and long technical terms can be abbreviated by using the initial letters of the words:UNESCO FBI WHO TOEFL GATT5)_____ Time designations when used with specific numbers are abbreviated:135 B.C. 6:00 a.m.6) Words referring to portions of address can be abbreviated when they appear in address on envelopes, letter headings, or inside addresses:Rd. Dept. Pro. P.R.C.Capitalization1)The use of capitalization is unique and important in writing.(1) The china made in China is first class.(2) he bought that article of japan in Japan.(3) Their child was shanghaied in Shanghai.(4) John wanted to go to the john.(5) The turkey here is not as good as in Turkey. _2)The capitalization is used in the following 10 aspects:(1) the beginning of a sentenceWonderful!Where there is a will, there is a way.Can you hear me at the backCapitalization(2) For the first letter in each line of a poem.The Arrow and the SongI shot an arrow into the sky,(3) The first letter of a directed quotation / speech:"Who is on duty today " the teacher asked." Don't worry," he said, trying to comfort me. " We will help you make up for the lessons."(cf. "To be frank with you," he said, "you should not have told him that."Capitalization(4) The first letters of the essential words in proper nouns ( names of people, countries, organizations historical events, planes, etc.) Darwin ShakespeareChina Jesus Christthe Great Wall the Red CrossBoeing 747(5) The first letters of designation of relatives before family names: Uncle Geoge Aunt MaggieNiece Mary Grandma LeeCapitalization(6) Almost all abbreviations except a.m., p.m., etc., e.g., c/o, i.e., tec(7) the first letter of essential word in trade marks, service signs, posts, greetings, etc.Information Desk Hands OffOpen Strictly No Smoking(祝你生日快乐!)Happy birthday to you!Happy Birthday to you!(8) the title of all significant words in the title of a theme, article, essay. newspaper, periodical. But a form word of less than five letters is not capitalized unless it begins the title.Jane Eyre Gone with the WindMy College LifeCapitalization(9) the first letter of the salutation and complimentary close in a letter: Dear Sir, Dear Mr. Evans,Sincerely yours, Yours,(10) the first letter of the words of the days of a week, the month, and the major words of holidays:PunctuationMain Punctuation marks1. the period(.)2. the question mark ( )3. the exclamation point (!)4. the comma (,)5. the semicolon (;)6. the colon (:)7. brackets ([ ])8. the quotation marks (" " ' ')9. parentheses ( ( ) )10. The dash (―)11. ellipsis points ( … )The Period ( . )1. The period (full stop) is used at the end of a declarative sentence,a mildly imperative sentence, and an indirect question.Honesty is the best policy.Hand in your homework, please. .The period marks the end of a sentence. The word after it begins a new sentence and has to be capitalized.She graduated from Oxford University. She achieved great success in her studies there.2.The period is used with most abbreviations.But some people prefer not to use the period with abbreviations. They just write Mr, Ms, etc. Names of well-known organizations, broadcasting corporations are often written without periods, like UN, UNESCO, NATO, VOA, BBC.3. Three spaced period make the ellipsis mark, which indicates the omission of one or more words within a quoted passage, or pauses in speech;Um… I think, um… she is um… pretty um… hardworking.The Comma ( , )1. A comma is used to join coordinate. It is put before the conjunction (and, but, or, for, so, nor, or, yet,):We wanted to go on, but other people disappeared.He tried hard, yet he failed to convince her.We should remember that coordinate clauses have to be joined with a comma and a conjunction. One comma alone cannot do the jobthough it is possible in Chinese.Sam is four years old, he is quite bright.Sam is four years old, and he is quite bright.Using a comma to link two clauses is a common mistake, which has a name: the comma fault or the comma splice. But we can use a semicolon, a dash, or a colon between two coordinate clauses.Sam is four years old; he is quite bright.Sam is very happy: he's got the first prize.The Comma ( , )2. A comma is used after an adverbial clause or phrase.When the rain stopped, we continued to work in the fields.On hearing the news, she went faint.Some listeners, bored by the lengthy talk, closed their eyes and dozed.3. Commas are used to separate a series of words or phrases with the same function in the sentence.The comma before the conjunction and last item is optional. It can be omitted there is no danger of misreading.The children sang, danced, jumped, and chased each other.4. Nonrestrictive clauses and phrases are set off by commas. Restrictive clauses and phrases are not set off by commas.The speaker, after glancing at his notes, began to talk about the next point.The Comma ( , )5. In dates, a comma is used to separate the day and the year if the order is month-day-year; no comma need be used if the order is day-month-year.Hong Kong was returned to China on July 1, 1997.She was born on 15 September 1980.6. With numbers over 1,000 or more, commas or little blank spaces may be used to separate digits by thousands. From right to left, a comma is placed after every three numerals.12,221,548 53,507,214The question Marks ( )1. The question mark is used after a direct question.Do you know Mr. Smith"Could you please explain to me the meaning of this sentence " she asked.2. The question mark is used after a statement turned into a question ( said in a rising tune ).You like it You want to buy itThe first time to the United States3. A question mark put between parentheses indicates the writer's uncertainty about the correctness of the preceding word, figure or date.Cao Xueqing was born in 1715 ( ), and died in poverty in 1764 ( ). The Exclamation Mark ( ! )1. The exclamation mark is used after an exclamatory sentence, or an emphatic interjection, or a phrase expressing strong emotion.Wow! What beautiful flowers!Help!It is on fire!The exclamation mark indicates strong emphasis and therefore it should be used sparingly. It is preferable to close a mild interjection with a comma or a period.(Do not use it frequently!)2.Sometimes the exclamation mark is used after a slogan.Long live the Peoples Republic of China!NATO Out!The Semicolon ( ; )1. The semicolon is used between two coordinate clauses which are not linked by a conjunction.We wanted to go on, but other people disappeared.She was interested in history years ago; today her main interest is art. Each of the above two sentences can be turned into two separate sentences without any change in meaning except some lack of closeness in them.2. Conjunctive adverbs like therefore, however, nonetheless, hence, otherwise, besides, moreover, etc., should not be used as conjunctions to link two coordinate clauses. Before them there should be a semicolon, not a comma.He promised to come the meeting; however, she would been caught in the storm.3. The semicolon is used with conjunctions when the clauses contain internal punctuation.4. A comma is used to separate a series of items with internal commas. The Colon ( : )1. The colon is used to introduce a quotation or a statement .It will do everyone good to remember this old saying: " One will know that he does not know enough after he begins to learn."2. ThSentence WritingRequirements for a correct sentence:It should be structurally complete.It should begin with a capital letter.It should end with a full stop, or a question mark, or an exclamation mark.It should express a single complete idea.Correct SentencesCompleteness in StructureA grammatically complete sentence is one that contains at least a subject and a predicate verb(谓语动词)and it begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop.If the verb is transitive(及物动词), there must be an object; if the verb is a link verb(系动词), there must be a predicative(表语) or complement(补语).Examples(√) We have a lesson on Monday night.(√)To think about the gift makes me happy.(√) After this meal, they were ready to set out.(×)Hoping she would accept his apology.(×)A school that was a bad experience.(×)With no difference except the color.The Right Subject1) Not knowing his name, it was difficult to introduce him.2) To look at a map, the importance of the road is seen.3)Stuck in the mud, they had to push the car.In the above sentences the subjects are not properly related to the gerunds, participles or infinitive in the first parts of the sentences.Agreement Between S. (subject) & P. (predicate verb)The predicate verb of a sentence has to agree with the subject in person and number.Collective nouns like family and audience may be either singular or plural, depending on the meaning in which they are used. If you think of family, government, etc. as one whole, a singular verb is needed. If you think of them as made up of a number of people, a plural verb is needed.The whole family are going out for BBQ.This family is the happiest one in our town.There is a great audience in the playground.The audience are shocked by the news.When two subjects refer to different persons or are different in number, the verb should agree with the subject close to it.Neither he nor you are arriving at the right time.There is a pen and four books on the desk.Words after together with, in addition to, besides, etc., are objects of prepositions; they do not affect the number of the subject.The plays, as well as the captain, want very much to win.A subjectclause generally takes a singular verb, but a what-clause which clearly refers to many things can take a plural verb.How he manages to do it remains a mystery.What he wanted to know were the pay, the living and working conditions.Agreement Between Pronoun & AntecedentJust as the predicate verb of a sentence has to agree with the subject in person and number, so a pronoun has to agree with its antecedent. After a compound antecedent with or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, a pronoun agrees with t he nearer part of the antecedent.A singular pronoun follows a collective noun antecedent when the members of the group are considered as a unit; a plural pronoun, when they are thought of individually.The jury was asked to return to their seats.For such singular antecedents as each, either, neither, one, no one, everyone, someone, anyone, nobody, everybody, somebody, and anybody, which may refer to both male and female, she or he, his or her, him or her, or the preferred plural pronouns they, their or them are used.Clear Pronoun Reference1) She told my sister that her idea was practical.2) Leave out the word in that sentence because it is too difficult.We use personal pronouns very often. They seem to be easy, but they should be used with care. We beginners often make mistakes in using "it". Ending sentenceswith full stopsTo join two or more complete sentences with commas may be possible in Chinese, but it is wrong in English. When a sentence is structurally complete, whether long or short, it should end with a full stop.For example:He went out on Sunday. He met his friend in the street. They talk for a while. Then they said "goodbye".When he went out on Sunday, he met his friend in the street. Theytalk for a while and then they said "goodbye".Joining clauses with conjunctionWhen two or more sentences are closely connected in meaning, it may be better to put them into one sentence than separate them. Then those sentences will become clauses which should be joined together with proper conjunctions or other words, like relative pronouns.We should distinguish between conjunctions and adverbs, such as but and however, so and therefore. We can join coordinate clauses with a comma and a conjunction, or with a semicolon, or with a semicolon and an adverb.Mom washed the dishes; and I dried and put them away.Some of the food crops failed, but the cotton did quite well.Some of the food crops failed; however, the cotton did quite well.A main clause in a complex sentenceIn a complex sentence there must be a main clause, whether it is at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the sentence.Proper use of comparisonsAdjectives or adverbs of the comparative degree should be used only when there is a comparison.We should not use adjectives or adverbs of the comparative degree when there is no comparison, explicit or implied.In addition, we should remember that only things of the same kind can be compared.For example:This course seems more difficult.China's population is larger than India's.After many years Bill remembered me better than Carl did. Correct Use of TenseWhenever we make a sentence, we should ask ourselves when the thing mentioned happens, and the right tense to report it.1) He told/tells me that he is much better now.2) She returned the book I lend/lent to her yesterday.3) Last time we saw a film, and it is/was a good one.Types of SentenceAccording to their use, we have ―1) declarative sentences. (陈述句)2) interrogative sentences.(疑问句)3) imperative sentences.(祈使句)4) exclamation sentences. (感叹句)According to their structure, we have ―simple sentences. (简单句)2) compound sentences. (并列句)3) complex sentences. (复合句)4) compound-complex sentences.(并列复合句)Types of SentenceFrom a rhetorical(修辞) point of v iew, we have ―1) loose sentences. (松散句)2) periodic sentences. (工整句)3) balanced sentences. (对杖句)4) Short and long sentences (长短句)Coordination(并列) and Subordination(从属)When we mention two or more things or ideas of equal importance, we often use coordinate clauses joined with a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, yet, so, or for). (coordination) When we express an important idea in a main clause and one or more less important ideas in subordinate clauses, we are using the method of subordination.The choice of coordination or subordinations mainly decided by the relationship between the ideas to be expressed.Effective SentencesUnity (统一性)Coherence (连贯性)Conciseness(简洁性)Emphasis (有重点性)Variety (多样性)Unity (统一性)Unity is the first quality of an effective sentence. It refers to two qualities: there is only one main idea in a sentence, and that idea is complete.Ideas that are closely connected can be expressed in one sentence, while ideas that are not closely connected should not be put into one sentence.1)_ Born in a small town in South China in the early 50s, he grew up to be a famous musician. (×)2)_ He is from Hebei, and I am 22 years old now.(×)Coherence (连贯性)Coherence means clear and reasonable connection between parts. A sentence is coherence when its words or parts are properly connected and their relationship clear.Do not separate words that are closely related;Do not use a pronoun with ambiguous reference;Do not use a dangling modifier;Do not make confusing shift in person and number;Do not make unnecessary changes in tense, voice, or mood.Do not use different forms to express parallel ideas.For example:1) A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds (by what he does ).2) We thought she was charming, intelligent, and a very capable young woman (a charming, intelligent and capable young woman).3) After listening to the speaker's inspiring speech, many questions were raised. (we raised many questions.)4)_She told my sister that she( who is she) was wrong.5)_He was knocked down by a bike, but it( ) was not serious.6)_ read an interesting story in a magazine about sportsmen. (not a sentence at all)Conciseness(简洁性)A sentence should contain no unnecessary words. If the idea if fully expressed, the fewer words are used, the better.Use a pronoun instead of repeating a noun.Use a word instead of a phrase with the same meaning, and use a phrase instead of a clause with the same meaning.Do not repeat words or phrases, if possible, in a sentence or in one that follow.Do not use different words or phrases with similar meanings in the same sentence.Do not repeat the same idea in different sentences except for emphasis.Wordy sentences and redundant words can only make the meaning hazy and the main points inconspicuous. It is always necessary for us to reread what we have written and try to improve it by simplifying it and making it more concise.For example:1) My father has returned back from Beijing.2) It is blue in colour.3) In my opinion, I think you are right.4) Mary is a quiet and careful woman.5) Mr. Smith likes to drink all kinds of wine that are produced in France. (French wine)6) The language lab is open to students not only from English Department but also from other department of the university.7)My father is 65 years old, and he is a professor in Hunan University. He has a healthy body of his age.My father, a professor of 65 years old in Hunan University, enjoys the best of_ health._ (用同位语改写)Emphasis (有重点性)Placing:The end and the beginning , especially the end, of a sentence usuallyattract readers' attention, so important elements of a sentence should be put at these two places, especially the end.For example:1) The teacher nodded with satisfaction when he was listening to her. The teacher, while listening to her, kept nodding with satisfaction.2) The plane circled around the airport for ten minutes and then disappeared in the clouds.After circling around the airport for ten minutes, the plane disappeared in the clouds.Climactic sequenceIn enumerating things or ideas, we should start from the least important and end with the most important, or in the climactic sequence.For example:He said he had lost interest in life, fame, position and money after that tragedy.He said after tragedy he had lost interest in money, position, fame, and even life.The use of verbs in the active voiceVerbs are generally more emphatic than nouns or any other part of speech.For example:The work was finished by them last night.They finished the work last night.But when the receiver of an action is more important than the doer, the passive voice is preferable.When she got off the bus, lots of people welcomed her warmly. When she got (getting) off the bus, she was warmly welcomed by lots of people.Subordination(使用从属结构)Subordinating a part of a sentence is a way of giving emphasis to the main part / idea of the sentence.For example:A plane is wheeling over the city.A plane is wheeling over the city, producing a big noise that surprised the inhabitants.Repeating important wordsRepetition as a rule should be avoided, but occasionally important words can be repeated for the sake of emphasis:For example:1) He speaks German well. His written German is also good.He speaks German well; he also writes German well.2) The Government praises itself in every possible way, but the Opposition says ugly things about it whenever possible.The Government praises itself in every possible way (whenever possible), but the Opposition says ugly things about it in every possible way (whenever possible).Negative-positive statementsWhen a negative statement is followed by a positive one, the meaning is emphasized by the contrast.For example:1)She does not care too much about prices; she thinks the quality of things is more important.She does not care too much about prices; she cares much about the quality.2) These children are busy playing with toys. They have little time for studies.Busy playing with toys, these children have little time for studies. Rhetorical questionsRhetorical questions are questions in form but emphatic statements in meaning. They are not asked to be answered.For example:Didn't I tell you not to be lateWhat are you talking about Nonsense.Is that what you are going to give meVariety (多样性)It is often good to vary sentence structures and mix short long, simple and compound or complex, loose and periodic sentences, so long as the meaning is properly expressed. A series of sentences of the same structure and length with the same noun or pronoun as the subjects produce monotony.For example:1)She hurried down to the bank, withdrew all her savings, and gave them to her old mother.Hurrying down to the bank, she withdrew all her savings and gave them to her old mother.2)When they saw the curtain go up, the audience gasped in surprise and started applauding loudly.Seeing the curtain go up, the audience gasped in surprise and started applauding loudly.Or: The audience saw the curtain go up, gasped in surprise, and started applauding loudly.。
英语应用文写作-写作基础知识
祈使句(Imperative Sentence): an imperative sentence expresses a command or a request.
Example Please think over the local tax rate. Don’t open the door.
感叹句( Exclamatory Sentence): an exclamatory sentence shows a strong feeling or emotion.
疑问句 (Interrogative Sentence): a interrogative sentence asks a
question.
Example
Will you please pay your prompt attention to this matter? (General Question)
Example Wrong: My name Helen.
Correct: My name is Helen. Wrong: They eat rice, and we eat, too.
Correct: They eat rice, and we eat rice, too.
《英语应用文写作》多媒体教学课件
商务信函写作 公文写作的基本知识
《英语应用文写作》多媒体教学课件
第一章 写作基础知识 (Basic Writing Skills) 英语句子（Sentences） 英语段落（Paragraphs） 英语篇章（Essay）
《英语应用文写作》多媒体教学课件
第一节 英语句子 (Sentences) 1.1.1.英语基本句型 1.1.2.英语句子种类 1.1.3.有效句子
大学英语写作教程
大学英语写作教程大学英语写作教程大学英语写作是大学英语教学的重要组成部分，它的目标是培养学生的英语写作能力，提高他们的综合语言运用能力。
下面是一份大学英语写作教程，旨在帮助学生全面了解写作技巧和写作方法。
第一部分：写作基础知识1. 英语写作的特点和要求：英语写作与中文写作有许多区别，如语法规则、词汇使用等。
此外，英语写作更注重逻辑性、简洁性和准确性。
学生需要了解写作的基本要求和特点，为后续学习打下基础。
2. 写作步骤：写作不是一蹴而就的过程，它需要经历思考、准备、组织、写作和修改等阶段。
学生需要学会正确的写作步骤，以提高写作效率和写作质量。
3. 写作技巧：写作技巧是提高写作水平的重要手段。
学生需要学习如何构思、如何选材、如何组织文章结构、如何运用修辞手法等各种写作技巧，以使文章更具说服力和吸引力。
第二部分：写作实战训练1. 基础写作练习：通过一些简单的基础写作练习，帮助学生巩固基本写作知识和技巧。
例如，学生可以练习写句子、段落、短文等，从而提高写作表达能力。
2. 写作任务练习：按照学习阶段的不同，为学生提供不同难度的写作任务练习。
例如，可以让学生写一篇个人经历，写一篇观点阐述，写一篇实用文等，通过不断的写作实践，提高学生的写作水平和能力。
3. 写作评析：在写作实践过程中，教师可以对学生的写作作品进行评析和修改。
指出学生写作中存在的问题和不足，并提供相关的改进建议，以帮助学生改进写作技巧和提高写作质量。
第三部分：写作素材和进阶训练1. 写作素材：提供丰富的写作素材，如名人名言、社会热点、历史事件等。
学生可以利用这些素材进行写作练习，拓宽思路和积累写作经验。
2. 进阶训练：针对学生不同的写作需求和水平，提供进阶训练。
例如，可以让学生写一篇复杂的学术论文，写一篇演讲稿等，以挑战学生的写作能力和提高他们的综合语言运用能力。
第四部分：写作技巧指导1. 修改和润色：教授学生如何对自己的写作作品进行修改和润色，包括语法、词汇、句子结构、篇章结构等方面的改进。
大学英语1读写教程第四版作文
大学英语学习的深度探索In the realm of college education, English, as a global language, plays a pivotal role in bridging cultural divides and facilitating academic exchange. The Fourth Edition of College English 1 Reading and Writing Textbook serves as a comprehensive guide for students to delve into theintricacies of the language, enhancing not only their linguistic proficiency but also their critical thinking skills.The textbook is designed in a way that encouragesactive learning, with a focus on developing reading comprehension and writing abilities. The reading selections, ranging from narrative essays to argumentative pieces, expose students to a diverse range of topics and writing styles. This variety not only challenges their readingskills but also widens their cultural horizons.One of the most significant aspects of this textbook is its emphasis on critical thinking. Through activities and exercises that require students to analyze and evaluate the content, it cultivates a habit of independent thinking.This is particularly important in today's world, where theability to process and interpret information critically is paramount.Moreover, the writing component of the textbook is designed to gradually introduce students to the intricacies of academic writing. From basic essay structures to more complex argumentative pieces, the gradual progression ensures that students build a solid foundation in writing skills. The inclusion of real-world scenarios and case studies further enhances the relevance of the material, making it more engaging for students.The integration of technology in this textbook is another noteworthy feature. The use of digital resources and online platforms allows students to access additional materials and interactive exercises, thus supplementing their classroom learning. This blended approach to learning not only keeps students engaged but also prepares them for the digital age.However, it is not just the content that makes this textbook stand out. The pedagogical approach adopted by the authors is equally commendable. The use of authentic materials and real-world examples makes the learningprocess more relevant and meaningful for students. The emphasis on collaborative learning and peer reviews further enhances the learning experience, encouraging students to learn from each other and improve their skills collectively. In conclusion, the Fourth Edition of College English 1 Reading and Writing Textbook is a comprehensive and innovative resource for college students seeking to enhance their English proficiency. Its focus on critical thinking, writing skills, and technology integration makes it a relevant and engaging tool for learning in the 21st century. As students delve into the rich content of this textbook, they are not just learning a language; they are also developing the skills and competencies that will help them succeed in their academic and professional careers.**大学英语学习的深度探索**在大学教育领域中，英语作为一种全球语言，在跨越文化鸿沟和促进学术交流方面发挥着关键作用。
英语写作基础教程(第三版)chapter
and a few books - are here. (4). introduce a summarizing clause after a series of
h
11
一、Manuscript Form
1. Arrangement
(10) attention: Never begin with a comma(,), a period(.), a colon(:), a question mark (?), an exclamation mark(!)
Never ends with 【 “ ( h-
h
20
二、 Punctuation
3. The Dash / Hyphen (-)
(1). indicates a break in thought or a change in tone, or a speaker's confusion or hesitation e.g. Many people went there - did you go?
2. The Period (.)
(1). used at the end of a declarative sentence, a mildly imperative sentence, and an indirect question
(2). Abbreviations U.S.A. a.m.
(3). Three spaced periods make the ellipsis mark
2024年度-《四级作文教程》PPT课件
《四级作文教程》PPT课件CATALOGUE 目录•引言•四级作文考试概述•写作基础技能提升•常见题型及应对策略•高分技巧与备考建议•实例分析与模拟训练01引言提高学生英语四级写作水平，满足大学英语教学要求帮助学生掌握四级作文考试技巧，提高考试成绩培养学生英语写作能力，提高英语综合应用水平目的和背景四级作文常用句型及词汇短语四级作文常见题型及写作技巧四级作文考试概述及评分标准四级作文写作步骤及实例分析四级作文备考策略及模拟训练课件内容概述010302040502四级作文考试概述考试形式作文类型字数要求时间限制考试形式和要求01020304采用计算机化考试形式，考生需在规定时间内完成一篇作文。
主要包括议论文、应用文和图表作文三种类型。
作文字数一般要求在120-180字之间。
考试时间一般为30分钟。
评分标准和流程评分标准主要包括内容、语言、结构和卷面四个方面。
其中，内容要求切题、有深度；语言要求准确、流畅；结构要求清晰、连贯；卷面要求整洁、美观。
评分流程一般由两名阅卷老师分别评分，取平均分作为最终成绩。
如两名老师评分差距过大，会引入第三名老师进行仲裁。
对历年四级作文真题进行统计和分析，可以发现各种类型的作文出现频率和变化趋势。
历年真题类型分布历年真题主题分布高分作文特点分析历年真题的主题，可以了解四级作文考试的热点话题和命题趋势，为备考提供参考。
通过对历年高分作文的分析，可以总结出一些共同的特点，如立意新颖、语言优美、结构严谨等。
030201历年真题分析03写作基础技能提升通过广泛阅读和积累，掌握更多高级词汇和短语，提高表达的准确性和丰富性。
扩大词汇量系统学习语法知识，包括时态、语态、虚拟语气等，确保句子结构正确、表达清晰。
语法规则掌握注意避免常见的词汇和语法错误，如拼写错误、主谓不一致、中式英语等。
避免常见错误词汇和语法运用句子结构和表达句式变化灵活运用简单句、并列句、复合句等句式，使文章表达更加生动、多样。
英语写作基础教程(1)
第 二 章 用 词 (Using Proper Words)
第三章造句
(Making Correct and Effective Sentences)
第四章
段 落 (Developing Paragraphs)
第 六 章 完 整 的 作 文 (Composing Essays)
第七章 应用文(Writing for Practical Purposes)
Chapter one
Manuscript Form and Punctuation 1. why is it important to write in correct
manuscript? 2. What are the rules for titles?
Focus 1 Manuscript Form (P1)
学习方法例举
根据自己的情况，选择不同的学习方式： 方式一：如果你能够写出语法基本正确的句子和
段落，那么，你就可以直接开始学习第六章（完整的 作文）或第七章（应用文写作）。将前面四章的学习 内容作为自学内容，如：标点符号的运用、信件的格 式等；
方式二：如果还没有自信能写出语法基本正确的 句子和段落的同学，可以从第一章开始逐章学习。基 础学习准备好后，对教学重点的内容也就容易把握了。
教学重点
1. 第六章“短文的写作” (Composing Essays) 2. 第七章“应用文的写作” (Writing for Practical Purposes)
巴基斯坦驻华大使鸿德致辞
非常感谢院长先生。谢谢您做介绍时的友好言辞。今天我们很 高兴来到这里。我夫人与我为有这次机会再次来到贵校访问感到 荣幸。感谢贵校对我们的欢迎，特别感谢鸿德学院的热情接待， 我们为此感到不胜荣幸，谢谢你们，我们此行带来了大使馆统和 巴基斯坦人民的良好祝愿。
新通达大学英语视听写作基础教程答案
新通达大学英语视听写作基础教程答案1、His sister ______ the chess club.（）[单选题] *A. want to joinB. want joiningC. wants to join(正确答案)D. wants joining2、John will go home as soon as he _______ his work. [单选题] *A. finishB. will finishC. finishedD. finishes(正确答案)3、70．Would you like ________，sir? [单选题] *A．something else(正确答案)B．nothing elseC．else somethingD．else anything4、--The last bus has left. What should we do?--Let’s take a taxi. We have no other _______ now. [单选题] *A. choice(正确答案)B. reasonC. habitD. decision5、The book is very _______. I’ve read it twice. [单选题] *A. interestB. interestedC. interesting(正确答案)D. interests6、--What are you going to be in the future?--I want to be _______ actor. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. theD. /7、The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her（）attitude towards customers. [单选题] *A. impartialB. mildC. hostile(正确答案)D. opposing8、He couldn’t ______ the maths problem without your help. [单选题] *A. work out(正确答案)B. work atC. work forD. work with9、He is a student of _______. [单选题] *A. Class SecondB. the Class TwoC. Class Two(正确答案)D. Second Two10、Hurry up,?or we’ll _______ class. [单选题] *A. be late for(正确答案)B. late forC. late withD. be late with11、Tom’s sister is a nurse. I met _______ in the street yesterday . [单选题] *A. sheB. hersC. himD. her(正确答案)12、I could ______ control my feelings and cried loudly when I heard the bad news. [单选题] *A. hardly(正确答案)B. ?reallyC. clearlyD. nearly13、—What can I do to help at the old people’s home?—You ______ read stories to the old people. （）[单选题] *A. could(正确答案)B. mustC. shouldD. would14、The train is coming. Be ______! [单选题] *A. careful(正确答案)B. carefullyC. carelessD. care15、_____ is not known yet. [单选题] *A. Although he is serious about itB. No matter how we will do the taskC. Whether we will go outing or not(正确答案)D. Unless they come to see us16、You should finish your homework as soon as possible. [单选题] *A. 赶快地B. 尽能力C. 一...就D. 尽快地(正确答案)17、Lily is a very_____person and never wastes anything. [单选题] *A.generousB.economical(正确答案)C.economicD.efficient18、He has grown rich lately. [单选题] *A. 后来B. 以后C. 终于D. 最近(正确答案)19、The children ______ visiting the museum. [单选题] *A. look overB. look forward to(正确答案)C. look forD. look after20、She often _______ at 21: [单选题] *A. go to bedB. gets upC. goes to bed(正确答案)D. gets to21、—Do you know ______ box it is? —It is ______.（）[单选题] *A. who; myB. whose; meC. who; herD. whose; hers(正确答案)22、( )Keep quiet, please. It’s ________ noisy here. [单选题] *A. many tooB. too manyC. too muchD. much too(正确答案)23、The teacher has his students_____a composition every other week. [单选题] *A.to writeB.writtenC.writingD.write(正确答案)24、Jim is a(n) _______. He is very careful and likes to work with numbers. [单选题] *A. secretaryB. tour guideC. accountant(正确答案)D. English teacher25、If we want to keep fit, we should try to _______ bad habits. [单选题] *A. keepB. haveC. getD. get rid of(正确答案)26、——Have you（）your friend Bill recently? ———No, he doesnt often write to me. [单选题] *A. heard aboutB. heard ofC. heard from (正确答案)D. received from27、His mother’s _______ was a great blow to him. [单选题] *A. diedB. deadC. death(正确答案)D. die28、1．________my father ________ my mother is able to drive a car. So they are going to buy one. [单选题] *A．Neither; norB．Both; andC．Either; orD．Not only; but also(正确答案)29、78．—Welcome to China. I hope you'll enjoy the ________.—Thank you. [单选题] *A．tour(正确答案)B．sizeC．nameD．colour30、We need two ______ and two bags of ______ for the banana milk shake.（）[单选题]*A. banana; yogurtB. banana; yogurtsC. bananas; yogurt(正确答案)D. bananas; yogurts。
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大学英语写作基础教程以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考可根据自己的情况选择其中的个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。
1）There are three reasons for this2）The reasons for this are as follows3）The reason for this is obvious4）The reason for this is not far to seek5）The reason for this is that6）We have good reason to believe that例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life、Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved、Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like、Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life、注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。
如：Great changes have taken place in our life、There are three reasons for this、这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。
1）It has the following advantages2）It does us a lot of good3）It benefits us quite a lot4）It is beneficial to us5）It is of great benefit to us例如：Books are like friends、They can help us know the world better，and they can open our mindsand widen our horizons、Therefore reading extensively is of great benefit to us1）It has more disadvantages than advantages2）It does us much harm3）It is harmful to us例如：However，everything divides into two、Television can also be harmful to us、It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television、1）It is importantfor sb、to do sth、2）We think it necessary to do sth、3）It plays an important role in our life、例如：Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business、Soon, computers will be found in every home，too、We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age、1)We should take some effective measures、2）We should try our best to overcomethedifficulties、3）We should do our utmost in doing sth、4）We should solve the problems that we are confrontedwith、例如：The housing problem that we are confronted with Is becoming more and more serious、Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it、1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years、2)A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications、3）The computer has brought about many changes in education、例如：Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years、The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek、Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain tomeat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins、1）We cannot ignore the fact that、、、2）No one can deny the fact that、、、3）There is no denying the fact that、、、4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in、5）However，that’s not the case、例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution、To solve these problems，we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution、The government on its part should also designstricter laws to promote a cleaner environment、1）Compared with A，B、、、2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV、3）There is a striking contrast between them、例如：Compared with cars ,bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable、Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum、Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem、Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them du e physical exercise、1）It has increasedfrom、、、to、、、2）The population in this city has now increasedto800，000、3）The output of July in this factory increasedby15％compared with that of January、例如：With the improvement of the living standard,the proportion of people’s in some spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased、再如：From the graph listed above,it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in1990 to20 hours in2000、1）People havePeople have different opinions on this problem、3）People take different views ofthe question、4）Some people believe that、、、Others argue that、、、例如：People have different attitudes towards failure、Some believe that failure leads to success、Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor、However ,others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers、再如：Do“lucky numbers really bring good luck？Different people have different views on it1）In short，it can be said that 、、、2）It may be briefly summed up as follows、3）From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that 、、例如：From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however，its method should be improved、1）It’s well known to us that 、、、2）As is known to us、、、3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about、4）From the graphlisted above，it can be seen that 、、、5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way、例如：As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus、The reason for this is obvious、Nowadays,the society is changing and developing rapidly，andthe campus is no longer an“ivory colleg e students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus、Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly afterwe graduate、。