管理经济学原书第六版第一章课后答案
曼昆《经济学原理(微观经济学分册)》(第6版)课后习题详解(
曼昆《经济学原理（微观经济学分册）》（第6版）课后习题详解（Born to win经济学考研交流群 <<<点击加入曼昆《经济学原理（微观经济学分册）》（第6版）第1篇导言第1章经济学十大原理课后习题详解跨考网独家整理最全经济学考研真题，经济学考研课后习题解析资料库，您可以在这里查阅历年经济学考研真题，经济学考研课后习题，经济学考研参考书等内容，更有跨考考研历年辅导的经济学学哥学姐的经济学考研经验，从前辈中获得的经验对初学者来说是宝贵的财富，这或许能帮你少走弯路，躲开一些陷阱。
以下内容为跨考网独家整理，如您还需更多考研资料，可选择经济学一对一在线咨询进行咨询。
一、概念题1．稀缺性（scarcity）答：经济学研究的问题和经济物品都是以稀缺性为前提的。
稀缺性指在给定的时间内，相对于人的需求而言，经济资源的供给总是不足的，也就是资源的有用性与有限性。
人类消费各种物品的欲望是无限的，满足这种欲望的物品，有的可以不付出任何代价而随意取得，称之为自由物品，如阳光和空气；但绝大多数物品是不能自由取用的，因为世界上的资源（包括物质资源和人力资源）是有限的，这种有限的、为获取它必须付出某种代价的物品，称为“经济物品”。
正因为稀缺性的客观存在，地球上就存在着资源的有限性和人类的欲望与需求的无限性之间的矛盾。
经济学的一个重要研究任务就是：“研究人们如何进行抉择，以便使用稀缺的或有限的生产性资源（土地、劳动、资本品如机器、技术知识）来生产各种商品，并把它们分配给不同的社会成员进行消费。
”也就是从经济学角度来研究使用有限的资源来生产什么、如何生产和为谁生产的问题。
2．经济学（economics）答：经济学是研究如何将稀缺的资源有效地配置给相互竞争的用途，以使人类的欲望得到最大限度满足的科学。
时下经常见诸国内报刊文献的“现代西方经济学”一词，大多也都在这个意义上使用。
自从凯恩斯的名著《就业、利息和货币通论》于1936年发表之后，西方经济学界对经济学的研究便分为两个部分：微观经济学与宏观经济学。
管理经济学课后习题答案
绪论1.解该企业的销皆收入为IP・Q=*】〔,Q—Q总利酒M =P・Q K二砒<? Q <Q' + 2（'（?Q* IW）—-2Q+1E，Q—抑当h最大时！货=100—40=0,虬Qf视谖企.W品忧产址应为？.-.解已知R"3 + Q.、+5・因此M"容=斗+1巳知％rZQHQ 血因此M『牛=1QJ1为使整个公司总低本段低.应清足以下条件: J MC L MT U即；3Q* + 1 = 4dT ・口+以产1 000解上述方程，得Q& = 66& 7〔件) Q | )蝴I响SI ftA=5 000X10=50 000 (X)机会好=(5+6) X5 000=55000 (x)经混臆=50 000-55 000=-5皿(.)OF斓为贝值,融n福出虾健.不如im砒轧可ME如下t顷曲岫芯片，大村洞梆外佰X5 000-12 500 (元)顺T.后峨.到饲能物；[10-(6+25)] X5000=7500(1)可虹虹后幡比直接峨灿灌5 000元(=? 500-12 500), ffU. jffiT.g 幡的耕利醐T0。
阮S(1)书诉推=70 000- (3 0M+2 000+12 000+7 000)=« 00。
(J)(2)爆祈媚=7。
灿一«000+2 000+12 000+7 (BO+M 000)=-U DOO (i)6.解(1) IA*=35000+10000+8000+2 000+5 000=60 000 (元)(2) 内浦威本=30 000 (元)⑶ 尝计秘洞三100 000 —60 000=40 000 (元)(4)O^S-1W 000-(60 000+30 000)-10 000 (元)(5)因控济利润大于零,H办洗衣房是合算的，骄初瞄虾您觥洲T/第一章■ F解(1)辨工人顶湖.导鼬的供鄙炳左移亦结果使融量求量均融司们成(赠I 叫⑵楠斌口汽车题㈱，使汽车行业供绑暇向捧亦结g■ ■的供给量和需求虽减少,价格上涨(3) 有更殊年成家立业戒需袖线舫移亦但国耕定了房蹦融格.故使住房供不应求(见图I 4)。
管理经济学 原书第六版 课后答案12
Chapter 12: Answers to Questions and Problems1.a. The expected value of option 1 is()()()()()300100161200164500166200164100161=++++. The expected value of option 2 is ()()()()()11111801701,0001708030055555++++=. b. The variance of option 1 is()()()()().000,2530010016130020016430050016630020016430010016122222=−+−+−+−+−Similarly, the variance of option 2 is 124,120. The standard deviation of option 1 is 158.11. The standard deviation of option 2 is 352.31.c. Option 2 is the most risky.2.a. Risk loving.b. Risk averse.c. Risk neutral.3.a.$5. b.She will purchase, since your price is less than her reservation price. c.$6. d. She will continue to search, since the price exceeds her reservation price.4.a. ()().6$100.4$200$140Ep =+=.b. Set Ep = MC to get 140 = 1 + 4Q . Solve for Q to find your profit-maximizing output, Q = 34.75 units.c. Your expected profits are (Ep)Q – C(Q) = $140(34.75) – (34.75 +2(34.75)2)=$2,415.13.5.a. The expected value, which is $25.b. The maximum value, which is $50.6.a. With only two bidders, n = 2. The lowest possible valuation is L = $1,000, and your own valuation is v = $2,500. Thus, your optimal sealed bid is$2,500$1,000$2,500$1,7502v L b v n −−=−=−=. b. With ten bidders, n =10. The lowest possible valuation is L = $1,000, and your own valuation is v = $2,500. Thus, your optimal sealed bid is$2,500$1,000$2,500$2,35010v L b v n −−=−=−=. c. With one hundred bidders, n =100. The lowest possible valuation is L = $1,000, and your own valuation is v = $2,500. Thus, your optimal sealed bid is$2,500$1,000$2,500$2,485100v L b v n −−=−=−=.7.a. With 5 bidders, n = 5. The lowest possible valuation is L = $50,000, and your own valuation is v = $75,000. Thus, your optimal sealed bid is$75,000$50,000$75,000$70,0005v L b v n −−=−=−=. b. A Dutch auction is strategically equivalent to a first-price sealed bid auction (see part (a)). Thus, you should let the auctioneer continue to lower the price until it reaches $70,000, and then yell “Mine!”c. $75,000, since it is a dominant strategy to bid your true valuation in a second-price, sealed-bid auction.d. Remain active until the price exceeds $75,000; then drop out.8.a. Hidden actions lead to moral hazard; hidden characteristics lead to adverse selection.b. Incentive contracts can solve moral hazard problems; screening and sorting can solve adverse selection problems.9. Since this is a common value auction, bidders will not bid their own private estimates because doing so would lead to the winner’s curse. Thus, there will be an additional incentive for bidders to shade their bids below their estimated valuations. The English auction format provides bidders the most information (therefore allowing them to pool information to some extent), mitigating this problem. For this reason, the English auction would generate the highest expected revenues in this case.10.Your expected inverse demand is E(P) = .5(200,000 – 250Q ) + .5(400,000 – 250Q ) = 300,000 – 250Q. Therefore, your expected marginal revenue is E(MR) = 300,000 – 500Q . Your marginal cost is MC = $200,000. Setting E(MR) = MC yields300,000500200,000Q −=. Solving, Q = 200. The price you expect is thus E(P) = 300,000 – 250(200) = $250,000. Your profits are thus ($250,000 -$200,000)(200) - $110,000 = $9,890,000.11. One would expect higher premiums on credit life, thanks to adverse selection. Peoplewho cannot pass physicals will select toward this type of insurance, resulting in higher premiums. Furthermore, people who are healthy and can pass a physical will be unwilling to pay the higher premiums, thus exacerbating this effect.12. The expected benefit from an additional search are 0.05($110,000 - $60,000) = $2,500, while the cost of another search is $5,000. Therefore, make her an offer. 13. In the absence of "guaranteed issue," an insurance company could choose to insure only those employees with a very low risk structure. In this case they offer lower rates because they experience fewer claims. But this leaves those workers with greater risk factors without insurance. By requiring insurers to offer coverage to all employees, the insurance company must take on employees that are less healthy and a greater risk. Why the controversy? By insuring those with greater health risks, the expected number of claims rises, thus increasing the cost of coverage. The workers with existing health problems benefit at the expense of healthy workers, who pay higher prices with "guaranteed issue." If the price rises high enough and healthy workers are free to drop coverage, this can result in adverse selection: The only people willing to pay the higher premiums are those in poor health.14. Brownstown Steel has better information about its financial situation than does its lenders, and is attempting to use this information advantage to enhance its bargaining position. If lenders gained full information about the financial situation of Brownstown Steel Corp., they would be in a position to squeeze the maximum amount from Brownstown Steel without fear of pushing it into bankruptcy. Absent the information, lenders will be more generous, since taking too much would increase the risk that Brownstown Steel goes bankrupt.15. The 30-day warranty and 10-point inspection. This not only reduces buyer risk from being duped by a used car dealer, but provides a costly signal about the quality of the used cars sold. An unscrupulous dealer would find it costly to mimic this strategy. Recognizing both of these facts, rational buyers will be more willing to purchase cars from the dealer.16. Offer two plans for customers with more than $1 million in assets. One plan (perhaps called the “Free Trade” Account) has an annual maintenance fee of $10,000 good for up to 400 “free” transactions (computed as $10,000/$25) per year (each additional transaction is priced at $25 each). The other plan (perhaps called the “Free Service” Account) has no annual maintenance fee but charges $100 per transaction. Given these two options, investors will sort themselves into the plans based on their individual characteristics.17.With 5 other bidders, n = 6. The lowest possible valuation is L = $5,000, and your own valuation is v = $12,000. Thus, your optimal first-price, sealed-bid is$12,000$5,000$12,000$10,833.336v L b v n −−=−=−=.18. A risk-neutral Oracle’s bid of $7 billion is low since the expected value of the presentvalue of the stream of profits is $7.6 billion. The public bidding process described most resembles an independent, private value English auction (each company places a different probability assessment on the value of the company that depends onpotential realized synergies). SAP’s expected value of the present value of the stream of profits is $8.4 billion. Since this is greater than Oracle’s expected value, SAP will win the “auction” and acquire PeopleSoft. SAP will pay just over $7.6 billion for PeopleSoft.19.The expected value of aggregate ten-year profits of a McDonald’s franchise is ()()()75.4$1$25.5$50.10$25.=−++million. Similarly, the expected value of a Penn Station East Coast Subs’ franchise is ()()75.4$)30$(025.5$95.30$025.=−++million. The variance and standard deviation of owning a McDonald’s franchise is()()()1875.1575.4125.75.4550.75.41025.2222'=−−+−+−=s McDonald σand 8971.31875.152''===s McDonald s McDonald σσ, respectively. Similarly, the variance and standard deviation for Penn Station East Coast Subs’ is()()()1875.4675.430025.75.4595.75.430025.2222=−−+−+−=Penn σand7961.61875.462===Penn Penn σσ, respectively. Since the expected values are thesame we can compare the standard deviations to determine the most risky investment. Since s McDonald Penn 'σσ>there is more risk associated with a Penn Station East Coast Subs’ franchise.20. There are several things for a student to consider in deciding to enroll in a traditionalMBA program or an online MBA program. It is likely that students with a spouse and family may be more attracted to online MBA programs, since these individuals are value stability and have others relying on them for income. In contrast, traditional MBA programs are more likely to attract singles who are willing to bear theopportunity cost associated with this form of education. Thus, there is an adverse selection issue. The individual who selects the traditional MBA program is likely to have a stronger signaling value regarding underlying characteristics.21.Market collapse is likely since “outsiders” will be unwilling to participate in equity (or other) markets since they know “insiders” will only sell a stock when they know the price is too high. Similarly, insiders will only buy when the price of a stock is known to be low. This is a losing proposition for outsiders, who would rationally choose not to participate in the market. This is an example of a moral hazard and is one of the primary reasons the SEC exists.。
管理经济学第六版课件-第一章
n Quantity supplied n Substitutes in production
n Complements in production
n Supply function n Supply curve n Market equilibrium
需求-供给分析法就是通过供给和需求曲线来分析供给、 需求和价格之间的相互关系，以及供需曲线背后诸因素对价格 和市场交易量影响的一种方法。
第三十一页
1. 西红柿的价格为什么有季节变动
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第三十二页
2. 汽车需求的增加对轮胎价格的影响
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第十七页
假如鸡蛋的价格下降，为什么对它们的需求量会增加？请用收入 效应和替代效应作出解释。
当鸡和鸡蛋价格下降后，假如养猪的饲料价格不变，预计猪的销 售量和价格会发生什么变化？为什么？
第十八页
第二节 供 给
供给
生产者能够而且愿意生产并向市场提供商品或劳务的一 种市 场关系。
以生产提供能力为前提：供给≠生产，
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第三十七页
第四节 市场机制与社会资源配置
市场机制（看不见的手）
在市场经济中，供求的数量关系决定价格及其变化方向，价格
水平及其变化引导供求数量的调整，依靠市场力量自动调节 资源配置。
第三十八页
u 社会资源配置
对个人而言,提供生产要素所得到的收入是资源,收入如何 分配属于资源配置。实现一生收入与享用最大化,就是资
管理经济学课后练习部分参考答案
第1章 导论选择题：1-5：ABBCD 6：C第二章 供求分析选择题：1-5：ACCBD 6-8：CCA第三章 消费者效用分析选择题：1-5：DCABC 6-10：BBCAD 11-13：CAD计算题：3. 假定某人只能买到两种商品，他的年收入为10000元，牛肉的价格为每千克9元，土豆的价格为每千克2元。
（1）如果把牛肉的购买量当作因变量，请写出预算约束线的方程。
（2）（3）5. 消费者每周花360元买Ｘ、Ｙ两种商品。
其中ＰX=3元，ＰY=2元，它的效用函数为U=2X2Y ，在均衡状态下，他每周买Ｘ、Ｙ各多少？解：6043,804323360,2336043,2234,2,422===∴⨯+=∴+==∴======X Y X X X Y X X Y X XY P MU P MU X dYdU MU XY dX dU MU Y X X Y X 得：又6.某人的收入是12元/天，并把每天的收入花在X 、Y 两种商品上。
他的效用函数为U=XY 。
X 的价格为每单位2元，Y 的价格为每单位3元。
问：①他每天买X.Y 各多少才能使他的效用最大？6232,3323212,321232,32,,==∴===∴⨯+=+==∴======XY U X Y X X X Y X X Y X Y P MU P MU X dYdU MU Y dX dU MU Y Y X X Y X 又②如果X 的价格上涨44%，Y 的价格不变，他的收入必须增加多少才能维持他起初的效用水平？元。
入要增加要维持原有的效用，收效用不变， 2.44.2124.144.144.235.288.24.2388.2,5.2388.26,388.266388.2,388.2,88.22%)441(2∴=-=∆=⨯+⨯=+=∴===∴=⨯=∴==∴===⨯+=I Y P X P I X Y X X X X XYX Y X Y P MU P MU Y X Y Y X X X第4章 需求弹性与供给弹性选择题：1-5：C(BDA)DAA 6-8：BAB 第9题题干有问题，如果改为供给价格弹性则选AD计算题：1.某商场将服装A 的价格由120元打6折促销，结果该服装的日销量由先前的12件升至30件，据此计算：①该服装的需求价格弹性。
管理经济学 原书第六版 课后答案6
Chapter 6: Answers to Questions and Problems1.When an input has well-defined and measurable quality characteristics and requiresspecialized investments, the optimal procurement method is a contract. A contractreduces the likelihood of opportunistic behavior and underinvestment by creating alegal obligation between the firms. One disadvantage of a contract is that it increasesa firm’s transaction costs. An example, Boeing contracting with an aluminummanufacturer.2.When a firm requires a limited number of standardized inputs that are sold by manyfirms in the marketplace, the optimal method of procurement is spot exchange. Oneadvantage of spot exchange is that they permit firms to specialize. A disadvantage isthat the firm may potentially face the hold-up problem. An example, a painterpurchasing paint from a local paint store.3.a.Contract.b.Vertical Integration.c.Spot exchange (or possibly contract if a specific investment in many motors isrequired).d.Spot exchange.4.Engine manufacturing involves specific investments and a complex contractingenvironment. By vertically integrating, the potential for opportunism is reduced.Mirrors are relatively uniform products that can be purchased by spot exchange orcontract.5.a.Human capital.b.Physical asset specificity; note that the assembly line was designed especially fora particular firm’s product.c.Site specificity.6.The manager prefers the compensation scheme that pays a fixed salary plus apercentage of the profits. Essentially, the manager is faced with a choice between twoconsumption bundles: (1) a $125,000 fixed salary plus 10 hours of on-the-job leisureand (2) $125,000 in salary plus bonus plus 3 hours of on-the-job leisure. Since theoriginal compensation package of a $125,000 and 10 hours of shirking is stillavailable, the fact that she chose to work 7 hours reveals that she prefers the secondpay scheme.1 Managerial Economics and Business Strategy, 6e Page7.Spot checks and hidden video cameras are effective and relatively inexpensive toimplement initially. The disadvantage is that spot checks and hidden video camerasmay affect the morale of the workers. Moreover, implementing hidden camerasrequires more employees to monitor the cameras. The advantage of pay forperformance schemes is that it may be easier for a managers to observe individualworker (or group) performances. However, pay-for-performance schemes may becostly. In addition, when output is a function of group performance or its quality isdifficult to measure, an individual’s contribution to the output may not be observable. 8.a.Reduce the benefits of vertical integration.b.Reduce the benefits of vertical integration and lead firms to use contracts or spotexchange to procure inputs.c.Lead to contracts that are more detailed or vertical integration.d.Make spot exchange an unattractive method of procurement due to opportunismand possibly underinvestment.e.Make contracts a less attractive form of input acquisition.f.Lead to longer contracts, or in extreme instances, vertical integration.9.The environment in which computer manufacturers operate is very uncertain. The rateof technical progress among chip, and other hardware, manufacturers increases themarginal cost of signing long-term contracts.10. A contract decreases the problem of opportunism and still allows the firm tospecialize in production.11.Capping pension fund managers’ compensations would reduce the executives’incentives to maximize the value of the fund under their control, thereby reducing the overall return to the fund participants.12.Contracts requiring large specialized investments are expected to be longer thancontracts requiring relatively smaller specialized investments. The reason is thattransaction costs increase once the contract expires. By writing longer contracts, these costs can be avoided. Thus, large specialized investments increase the marginalbenefit of writing longer contracts.13.The first important point to make with shareholders is that restructuring the incentiveplan is designed to maximize shareholder value. This is achieved by givingemployees incentives to stay with the company longer, thereby reducing costlyemployee turnover and increasing the company’s profitability. Also, by restructuring the incentive plan, employees will want to find ways to work more productively andmake the company more profitable. The benefits to the shareholders and theemployees will be a higher stock price.14.The reduction in another supplier’s cost of producing airbags reduces GM’s marginalbenefit of contracting. Therefore, the 15-year contract that has been negotiated is too long; the optimal contract length is now less than 15 years.Page 2 Michael R. Baye15.The manager might pay a salesperson a base salary plus a percentage of the profits.This plan would penalize salespersons, to some extent, for excessive mileage.16.In the absence of an incentive contract, a manager may still choose to maximizeprofits in order to build a reputation in being a superb manager and increasing thepotential of future management opportunities. Furthermore, the threat of a takeoverby other investors and job loss also disciplines managers to maximize profits, even ifthey are paid a fixed salary.17.No.18.The principal-agent problem in this situation exists between on-duty police officers(the agent) and the city officials who hire them (the principals). On-duty policeofficers were supposed to prevent picket lines from blocking worker access. Membersof the police union appear to be engaging in opportunistic behavior to improve theirbargaining power. The city of Boston has committed to spending $14 million to hostthe DNC and the police union is attempting to take advantage of this specializedinvestment. Therefore, the city of Boston is facing the “hold-up problem” as definedin the book. The problem also illustrates the problem of writing contracts: when thecity of Boston wrote a contract with Shawmut Design and Construction there weremany unforeseeable events that may not explicitly be defined in the contract.19.Business-process outsourcing (BPO) is a contractual relationship with a third-partyfirm, whereas a firm that produces human resource services internally is verticallyintegrated. Contracting human resource services with a third party allows the firm tospecialize in activities related to its core business, which as the problem points outmay result in large cost savings. Contracts, however, are costly to write and oftenincomplete. These reasons provide justification for vertical integration. Contractingwith an international-based firm may be more costly since the contract must bewritten in a manner to protect the firm in a foreign country. This extra cost should becompared to the extra benefit (cost savings) that accrues from lower off shore labor.Furthermore, there may be cultural difference in hiring practices that may makeoutsourcing from human resources to an international firm less attractive.20.If partners in the law firm are paid an equal share of the overall profits of the firm,regardless of how much they contribute, lawyers nearing retirement will have anincentive to stay with the firm while doing as little work as possible. In this way, heor she can enjoy “semi-retirement,” but will continue to earn a share of the profitsfrom other’s hard work. For this reason, most law firms have mandatory retirement tomitigate incentive compatibility problems. Eliminating mandatory retirement isprobably not a good idea for your 30-year old client.21.The money the dealership pays to train workers in the form of time and expenses is aspecialized investment in human capital. The investment only has value to thedealership if workers remain with the dealership and the dealership maintains itsrelationship ADP. Once this is sunk, it faces a potential “hold-up” problem fromworkers and ADP: If either party decides to sever the relationship, the dealership willhave to sink additional funds into training new employees.3 Managerial Economics and Business Strategy, 6e Page。
管理经济学原书第六版课后题答案,第三章答案
=
−2.36 .
Since
this
is
greater than one in absolute value, demand is elastic at this price. If the firm
increased its price, total revenue would decrease.
c. At the given prices, quantity demanded is 700 units:
Qxd = 1000 − 2 (154) + .02 (400) = 700 . Substituting the relevant information into
the elasticity formula gives:
EQx ,Px
= −2 Px Qx
= −2 154 700
= −0.44 . Since this is less
Qxd = 1000 − 2 (154) + .02 (400) = 700 . Substituting the relevant information into
the elasticity formula gives:
EQx ,PZ
=
.02
⎛ ⎜ ⎝
PZ Qx
⎞ ⎟ ⎠
=
.02
⎛ ⎜⎝
400 700
Price $14
$12
$10
$8
$6
$4
$2 Demand
$0
0
1
2
3 MR 4
5
6 Quantity
Figure 3-1
Managerial Economics and Business Strategy, 6e
曼昆《经济学原理(微观经济学分册)》第6版课后习题详解(1-2章)
曼昆《经济学原理（微观经济学分册）》第6版课后习题详解第一篇导言第1章经济学十大原理一、概念题1.稀缺性稀缺性是指在给定的时间内，相对于人的需求而言，经济资源的供给总是不足的，也就是资源的有限性与人类的欲望无限性之间的矛盾。
2.经济学经济学是研究如何将稀缺的资源有效地配置给相互竞争的用途，以使人类的欲望得到最大限度满足的科学。
其中微观经济学是以单个经济主体为研究对象，研究单个经济主体面对既定资源约束时如何进行选择的科学;宏观经济学则以整个国民经济为研究对象,主要着眼于经济总量的研究。
3.效率效率是指人们在实践活动中的产出与投入比值或者是效益与成本比值，比值大效率高，比值小效率低.它与产出或收益大小成正比，与投入或成本成反比。
4.平等平等是指人与人的利益关系及利益关系的原则、制度、做法、行为等都合乎社会发展的需要，即经济成果在社会成员中公平分配的特性.它是一个历史范畴,按其所产生的社会历史条件和社会性质的不同而不同，不存在永恒的公平；它也是一个客观范畴，尽管在不同的社会形态中内涵不同对其的理解不同，但都是社会存在的反映，具有客观性。
5.机会成本机会成本是指将一种资源用于某种用途，而未用于其他用途所放弃的最大预期收益.其存在的前提条件是：①资源是稀缺的;②资源具有多种用途；③资源的投向不受限制。
6.理性人理性人是指系统而有目的地尽最大努力去实现其目标的人，是经济研究中所假设的、在一定条件下具有典型理性行为的经济活动主体。
7.边际变动边际变动是指对行动计划的微小增量调整.8.激励激励是指引起一个人做出某种行为的某种东西。
9.市场经济市场经济是指由家庭和企业在市场上的相互交易决定资源配置的经济，而资源配置实际上就是决定社会生产什么、生产多少、如何生产以及为谁生产的过程.10.产权产权是指个人拥有并控制稀缺资源的能力,也可以理解为人们对其所交易东西的所有权，即人们在交易活动中使自己或他人在经济利益上受益或受损的权力。
管理经济学原书第六版课后答案10
Managerial Economics and Business Strategy, 6e Page 1 Chapter 10: Answers to Questions and Problems 1.a. Player 1’s dominant strategy is B. Player 2 does not have a dominant strategy. b.Player 1’s secure strategy is B. Player 2’s secure strategy is E. c. (B, E). 2. a. b. B is dominant for each player. c. (B, B). d. Joint payoffs from (A, A) > joint payoffs from (A, B) = joint payoffs from (B, A) > joint payoffs from (B, B). e. No; each firm’s dominant strategy is B. Therefore, since this is a one-shot game, each player would have an incentive to cheat on any collusive arrangement. 3.a. Player 1’s optimal strategy is B. Player 1 does not have a dominant strategy. However, by putting herself in her rival’s shoes, Player 1 should anticipate that Player 2 will choose D (since D is Player 2’s dominant strategy). Player 1’s best response to D is B. b. Player 1’s equilibrium payoff is 5. 4.a. (A, C). b.No. c.If firms adopt the trigger strategies outlined in the text, higher payoffs can be achieved if 1.Cheat Coop Coop Ni ππππ−≤− Here, πCheat = 60, πCoop = 50, πN = 10, and the , and the interest rate is i = .05. Since . Since 605010.2550104Cheat Coop Coop Nππππ−−===−− < 1120.05i == each firm can indeed earn a payoff of 50 via the trigger strategies. d. Yes. Player 2 Strategy A B A $500, $500 $0, $650 Player 1 B $650, $0 $100, $100 ($0, $15)RightRightLeftLeft 12($200, $300)Not IntroducePrice WarIntroduceKmartStrategy Sale Price Regular Price Sale Price$1, 1 $5, $3Regular Price $3, $5 $3, $3Ford Strategy Airbags No No Airbags Airbags Airbags $1.5, 1.5 $2,-$1 No Airbags -$1, $2 $0.5, $0.5 PCRival Advertise No Yes No $8, $8 -$1, $48Kellogg’sYes$48,-$1$0, $0strategies if ππRival Strategy: Price Low High Low $0, $0 $9,-$1 High -$1, $9 $7, $7BakerPrice $10 $20$5 15, 16 15,18 Argyle$10 10, 16 10,18NetWorksStrategy 250 Units 500 Units250 Units $12500, $12500 $7500, $15000500 Units $15000, $7500 $10000, $1000018.The normal-form representation of this game is depicted in the following payoffmatrix.T-MobileStrategies CDMA GSMCDMA $16 b, $12 b $12 b, $8 bQualcommGSM $14 b, $7 b $13 b, $18 bThere are two Nash equilibria to this coordination game: (1) Qualcomm and T-Mobile adopt the CDMA technology and (2) Qualcomm and T-Mobile adopt theGSM technology. There are many ways to solve multiplicity of equilibria in thiscoordination problem. As the book points out, the firms could “talk” to each andagree on one technology. Alternatively, Iraq’s government could announce whichtechnology is to be used in the country.19.The normal form of this game is contained in the following payoff matrix (in billionsof U.S. dollars).JapanStrategies Tariff No TariffTariff $43.78, $4.76 $44.2, $4.66U.S.No tariff $43.66, $4.85 $44, $4.8The Nash equilibrium is for the U.S. and Japan to each impose tariffs. However, both countries achieve greater welfare by “agreeing” to impose no tariffs. Thesustainability of such an agreement to impose no tariffs is dependent upon the game being repeated infinitely, the countries using trigger strategies and the interest ratebeing sufficiently low.20.You should not recommend that the office manager invest more time monitoring. Theproblem is not that she is monitoring too little. Rather, her monitoring activities and strategies are predictable. Workers realize that once she leaves after the 9 a.m. check, she is unlikely to return until 11 a.m. Recognizing this, workers know they will not get caught “goofing off” (shirking). The manager best strategy is to randomize boththe timing and number of checks she does each day. That way, her monitoring is not predictable and workers will respond by spending less time shirking.Page 6 Michael R. Baye。
西财《管理经济学》教学资料包 课后习题答案 第一章
第一章管理经济学导论一、思考题1．什么是管理经济学？管理经济学是一门有利于实现企业目标的经济管理学科。
它是通过运用微观经济学的基本理论、方法和决策理论与技术，研究企业应该生产什么、生产多少以及如何生产的问题。
2．管理经济学的研究对象是什么？管理经济学的研究对象是企业的经营决策问题，涉及价格决策、产量决策、生产技术选择、竞争策略选择等问题，而“是否有利于实现企业利润最大化目标”是做出这些决策所要围绕的核心依据。
大致说来，在企业生产经营过程中，企业管理决策主要包括以下内容：（1）投资与市场方向决策（2）生产决策（3）成本决策（4）销售决策（5）技术改造决策3．管理经济学在经济学科中处于什么地位？与哪些学科有密切的关联？管理经济学旨在使管理人员在市场经济条件下树立起开展决策所需要的经济思维的概念框架，从而提高用经济方法管理经济的能力，而不是提供解决现实问题的一整套现实方法。
其基本目的是通过理性思考进而实现理性创新。
管理经济学所研究的经济对象，是构成整个国民经济的细胞之一。
因此，对企业生产经营活动进行的经济分析，必须立足于对宏观经济，特别是对整个经济运行机制深刻分析的基础之上。
同时，管理经济学所运用的经济分析的方法和工具，是由数学、统计学等工具学科所提供的。
因此，管理经济学又是以理论经济学、数学等学科为基础的。
综上所述，管理经济学与其他学科的关系，可以用图1-1表现出来。
图1-1 管理经济学的学科定位4．管理经济学的基本分析方法有哪些？（1）边际分析法。
管理经济学中，边际被用于揭示两个有因果或相关关系的经济变量之间的动态函数关系。
在某种经济关系当中，当自变量发生一个微小单位的数量变化时，因变量因此而发生的相应数量变化值，被称为该变量的边际值。
（2）最优化分析法。
最优化分析法就是将决策学中的最优化方法运用于分析、管理决策过程，以求最优解的方法。
通常，我们将数学中的微分分析引进到经济分析中来，用微分求极值的方法来寻求最大限度满足目标时的自变量值。