用Excel Link实现Excel与Matlab混合编程
MATLAB与Excel的链接及其在频谱监测数据处理中的应用
队园地Military World中国无线电 2007年第8期481 概述 MATLAB是Mathworks公司于20世纪80年代推出的软件，经过不断完善和发展，目前已成为涉及多学科、多领域的软件平台。
M A T L A B拥有四大特点：一是强大的数值运算能力和符号运算能力；二是强大的数据可视化功能；三是丰富的工具箱；四是可延拓性和开放的架构。
Excel是Microsoft公司推出的一个非常出色的电子表格软件，它以图、文、表三者完美结合的形式被广泛应用于财务、统计和分析等领域。
目前，无线电频谱监测系统中的数据有一大部分是以Excel格式存储的，如果能够将Excel与Matlab进行链接并完成数据交换，将会大大有利于无线电频谱监测数据的后期处理。
2 MATLAB与Excel的链接方法2.1 利用动态数据交换(D D E )和ActiveX技术 A c t i v e X技术和与之相关的C O M（c o m p o n e n t object mode1）是由Microsoft开发的提供开发人员使用的编程技术和软件接口。
ActiveX技术能够大幅度提高工作效率，因此，在Matlab中利用动态数据交换（DDE）和ActiveX技术编程可自动处理Excel数据。
利用动态数据交换和ActiveX技术处理Excel数据共分七个步骤。
第一步：利用uigetfile函数（如[FileName,Path Name]=uigetfile('*.xls')）产生一个标准Windows 查找文件对话框，查找相应的文件后，所选择的文件名和文件所在的路径名传递给参数FileName和PathName。
第二步：使用fullfile函数（如file=fullfile(PathNa me,FileName)）将文件的全路径传递给参数file。
第三步：利用函数actxserver（如he=actxserver('Excel.Application')）启动Excel软件。
如何将Excel中的数据导入MATLAB并在MATLAB中画出图像
首先Excel必须是office的（WPS的不可以，MATLAB不能识别），在MATLAB中使用命令xlsread读取Excel中的数据到MATLAB里，如下所示：[number,txt,raw]=xlsread('')，此时读取的文件须在MATLAB默认路径下，命令具体用法及参数含义可直接用help命令在MATLAB中查找。
读取的数据界面如下：
1.如何将Excel中的数据导入MATLAB并在MATLAB中画出图像？
首先Excel必须是office的（WPS的不可以，MATLAB不能识别），file-Import Data-在工作路径下找到需要导入的文件（图3）-点击打开（图4）-点击next-点击finish-导入成功-在workspace中看到图5（导入的数据）。
至此数据导入成功。
下面是如何利用该数据绘图：
法一：双击workspace中的data打开如图6，选中要画图的数据如图7（数据范围可以根据需要随便选择），点击上方的plot(data(1:874,1:2)，画出图像如图8，并且在工作空间中自动显示画图命令。
法二：直接在工作空间中写画图命令。
图3
图4
图5图6图7图8。
matlab与excel数据交换的有利工具
matlab与excel数据交换的有利工具——excel link(1) What Is Excel Link?Excel Link is a software add-in that integrates Microsoft Excel andMATLAB in a Microsoft Windows-based computing environment. By connecting Exceland MA TLAB, you can access the numerical, computational, and graphical powerof MATLAB from Excel worksheet and macro programming tools. Excel Link letsyou exchange and synchronize data between the two environments.1. System Requirements2. Installing Excel Link3. Configuring Excel to Work with Excel Link4. Starting Excel Link5. Connecting to an Existing MATLAB Session6. Stopping Excel LinkFollow these instructions to install Excel Link and then configure Excel.System RequirementsExcel Link requires approximately 202 kilobytes of disk space. Operating system requirements are:Microsoft Windows XP ，Microsoft Windows 2000Excel Link also requires one of the following versions of Excel:Excel 2000Excel ，2002Excel ，2003Excel（Excel Link has also been qualified against Excel 2007 Beta.）Excel Link also requires MA TLAB for Windows.For best results with MATLAB figures and graphics, set the color palette of your display to a value greater than 256 colors. Click Start > Settings > Control Panel > Display, and then click the Settings tab.Choose an appropriate entry from the Color Palette menu.Installing Excel LinkInstallWindows and Excel before you install MATLAB and Excel Link.To install Excel Link, follow the instructions in the MA TLAB installation documentation. Select the Excel Link check box when you select MATLAB components to install.Configuring Excel to Work with Excel LinkAfter you have installed Excel Link, you are ready to configure Excel. You need do these steps only once:1. Start Microsoft Excel.2. Select Tools > Add-Ins and click Browse.3. Find and select the Excel Link add-in excllink.xla under matlabroot/toolbox/exlink. Click OK.（Throughout this document the notation matlabroot representsthe MATLAB root directory, the directory where MATLAB is installed on yoursystem.）4. Back in the Add-Ins dialog box, make sure that the check box is selected and click OK.The Excel Link add-in loads now and with each subsequent invocation of Excel.5 .Watch for the appearance of the MATLAB Command Window button on the Windows taskbar.6 .Watch for the appearance of the Excel Link toolbar on your Excel worksheet.Excel Link is now ready for your use.Starting Excel LinkAutomatic StartWhen installed and configured according to the preceding instructions,Excel Link and MA TLAB automatically start when you start Excel.If you do not want Excel Link and MATLAB to start automatically when you start Excel, enter =MLAutoStart("no") in a worksheet cell. This function changes the initialization file so that Excel Link and MATLAB no longer start automatically when you start Excel. See MLAutoStart in Functions — Alphabetical List.Manual StartTo start Excel Link and MATLAB manually from Excel, select Tools > Macro. In the Macro Name/Reference box enter matlabinit and click Run. Watch for the MA TLAB Command Window button to appear on the taskbar. See matlabinit in Functions — Alphabetical List.Connecting to an Existing MATLAB SessionTo connect a new Excel session to an existing MATLAB process, you must start MATLAB with the /automation command-line option. The /automation option starts MA TLAB as an automation server. The Command Window is minimized, and the MATLAB desktop is not running.To add the /automation option to the command line:1. Right-click your shortcut to MA TLAB.2 .Select Properties.3. Click the Shortcut tab.4. Add the string /automation in the Target field. Remember to leave a space between matlab.exe and /automation.Stopping Excel LinkTo stop both Excel Link and MATLAB, stop Excel as you normally would.Excel Link and MATLAB both stop when you stop Excel.To stop MA TLAB and Excel Link and leave Excel running, enter =MLClose() inan Excel worksheet cell. You can restart Excel Link and MATLAB manually with MLOpen or matlabinit.If you stop MATLAB directly in the MATLAB Command Window and leave Excel running, enter =MLClose() in an Excel worksheet cell. (MLClose tells Excel that MATLAB is no longer running.)You can restart Excel Link and MA TLAB manually with MLOpen or matlabinit. Understanding the EnvironmentExcel Link communicates between the Excel workspace and the MATLAB workspace.It positions Excel as a front end to MA TLAB. You use Excel Link functionsfrom an Excel worksheet or macro without leaving the Excel environment. Witha small number of functions to manage the link and manipulate data, ExcelLink is powerful in its simplicity.Installing and Operating Excel LinkThis section covers the following topics:matlab与excel数据交换的有利工具——excel link(2) What the Functions DoThis section covers the following topics:Link Management FunctionsData Management FunctionsWith Excel Link, Microsoft Excel becomes an easy-to-use data-storage and application-development front end for MA TLAB, which is a powerful computational and graphical processor. Excel Link provides functions to manage the link and to manipulate data. You never have to leave the Excel environment. You can invoke functions as worksheet cell formulas or in macros.For details on each function, see Functions — Alphabetical List.Link Management FunctionsExcel Link provides four link management functions to initialize, start,and stop Excel Link and MATLAB.You can invoke any link management function except matlabinit as a worksheet cell formula or in a macro. You invoke matlabinit fromthe Excel Tools Macro menu or in a macro subroutine.Use MLAutoStart to toggle automatic startup. If youinstall and configure Excel Link according to the default instructions, Excel Link and MATLAB automatically start every time you start Excel. If you choose manual startup, use matlabinit to initialize Excel Link and start MATLAB.Use MLClose to stop MA TLAB .without stopping Excel,and use MLOpen or matlabinit to restart MATLAB in the same Excel session.Data Management FunctionsExcel Link provides the following data management functions to copy data between Excel and MATLAB and to execute MATLAB commands from Excel.Function Purposematlabfcn Evaluate MA TLAB command given Excel data.matlabsub Evaluate MATLAB command given Excel data and designate output location. MLAppendMatrix Create or append MA TLAB matrix with data from Excel worksheet. MLDeleteMatrix Delete MA TLAB matrix.MLEvalString Evaluate command in MATLAB.MLGetFigure Import current MATLAB figure into Excel spreadsheet.MLGetMatrix Write contents of MA TLAB matrix in Excel worksheet.MLGetVar Write contents of MATLAB matrix in Excel VBA variable.MLPutMatrix Create or overwrite MATLAB matrix with data from Excel worksheet.MLPutVar Create or overwrite MATLAB matrix with data from Excel VBA variable. MLShowMatlabErrors Used by MLEvalString to return standard Excel Link errors or full MATLAB errors.MLStartDir Specify current working directory of MATLAB after startup.MLUseFullDesktop Specify whether to use full MA TLAB desktop or only Command window. You can invoke any data management function except MLPutVar as a worksheet cell formula or in a macro. You can invoke MLPutVar only in a macro.Use MLAppendMatrix, MLPutMatrix, and MLPutVar to copy data from Excel to MA TLAB.Use MLEvalString to execute MA TLAB commands from Excel.Use MLDeleteMatrix to delete a MATLAB variable.Use matlabfcn, matlabsub, MLGetMatrix,and MLGetVar to copy data from MATLAB to Excel.matlab与excel数据交换的有利工具——excel link(3) Tips and RemindersThis section covers the following topics:Syntax 语法Worksheets 工作表Macros 宏Data Types 数据类型Dates 日期Saved Worksheets 保存工作表Information for International Users 国际用户信息These tips and reminders help you use Excel Link efficiently.Excel Link functions perform an action, while Microsoft Excel functions return a value. Keep this distinction in mind as you use Excel Link. Excel operations and function keys may behave differently with Excel Link functions.Syntax 语法Function NamesExcel Link function names are not case sensitive; that is, MLPutMatrix and mlputmatrix are the same.MATLAB function names and variable names are case sensitive; that is, BONDS, Bonds, and bonds are three different MA TLAB variables. Standard MATLAB function names are always lower case; for example, plot(f).Worksheet Formulas1. Begin worksheet formulas with + or =. For example:=mlputmatrix("a", C10)2 .In worksheet formulas, enclose function arguments in parentheses. In macros, leave a space between the function name and the first argument; do not use parentheses.Variable Names1. You can directly or indirectly specify a variable-name argument in most Excel Link functions.(1.) To specify a variable name directly, enclose it in double quotes; for example, MLDeleteMatrix("Bonds").(2.).A variable-name argument without quotes is an indirect reference.The function evaluates the contents of the argument to get the variable name.The argument must be a worksheet cell address or range name.2. A data-location argument must be a worksheet cell address or range name. Do not enclose a data-location argument in quotes (except in MLGetMatrix, which has unique argument conventions).3.A data-location argument can include a worksheet number; for example, Sheet3!B1:C7 orSheet2!OUTPUT.(注意You can use virtually any special character as part of a worksheet name if you embed the sheet name within single quotes ('') when referencing it in MLGetMatrix or MLPutMatrix.) Worksheets 工作表1. After an Excel Link function successfully executes as a worksheet formula, the cell contains the value 0. While a functionis executing, the cell may continue to show the entered formula.2.We suggest selecting Move Selection after Enter on the Excel Tools Options > Edit tab. The active cell changes when an operation is complete, providing a useful confirmation for lengthy operations.3.We recommend using Excel Link functions in automatic calculation mode. If you use MLGetMatrix in manual calculation mode,enter the function in a cell, then press F9 to execute it. However, pressing F9 in this situation may also reexecute other worksheet functions and generate unpredictable results.4.To recalculate Excel Link functions in a worksheet, reexecute each function by pressing F2, then Enter.5.Pressing F9 to recalculate a worksheet affects only Excel functions (which return a value). F9 does not operate on Excel Link functions, which perform an action.6.To "automate" the recalculation of an Excel Link function, add to it some cell whose value changes. For example:=MLPutMatrix("bonds", D1:G26) + C1When the value in cell C1 changes, Excel reexecutes the MLPutMatrix function. Be careful, however, not to create endless recalculation loops.7.Excel Link functions expect A1-style worksheet cell references (columns designated with letters and rows with numbers). This is the default reference style. If your worksheet shows columns designated with numbers instead of letters, select Tools > Options andclick the General tab. Under Settings, clear the R1C1 reference style check box.8.If you use explicit cell addresses in MLGetMatrix and later insert or delete rows or columns, or move or copy the function to another cell, edit the argument to correct the addresses. Excel Link does not automatically adjust cell addresses in MLGetMatrix.9.Enter (type) Excel Link functions directly in worksheet cells.Do not use the Excel Function Wizard; it generates unpredictable results.Macros 宏1.To create macros that use Excel Link functions, you must first configure Excel to reference the functions from the Excel Link add-in. From the Visual Basic environment, select Insert > Module. When the Module page opens, select Tools > References.In the References dialog box, select the box for excllink.xla and click OK. You may have to use Browse to find the excllink.xla file.2.If you use MLGetMatrix in a macro subroutine, enter MatlabRequest on the line after MLGetMatrix. MatlabRequest initializesinternal Excel Link variables and enables MLGetMatrix to function in a subroutine. For example: Sub Get_RangeA()MLGetMatrix "A", "RangeA"MatlabRequestEnd SubDo not include MatlabRequest in a macro function unless the macro function is called from a subroutine.Data Types 数据类型Excel Link handles only MATLAB two-dimensional numeric arrays,one-dimensional character arrays (strings), and two-dimensional cell arrays.It does not work with MATLAB multidimensional arrays and structures.Dates 日期Default Excel date numbers start from January 1, 1900, while MATLAB date numbers start from January 1, 0000. Thus May 15, 1996 is 35200 in Excel and 729160 in MATLAB, a difference of 693960. If you use date numbers in MA TLAB calculations, apply the 693960 constant: add it to Excel date numbers going into MATLAB, or subtract it from MATLAB date numbers coming into Excel. If you use the optional Excel 1904 date system, the constant is 695422.Saved Worksheets Saved Worksheets 保存工作表1.When you open an Excel worksheet that contains Excel Link functions, Excel tries to execute the functions from the bottom up and right to left, thus possibly generating cell error messages (#COMMAND!, #NONEXIST!, etc.). Such behavior is usual for Excel. Simply ignore the messages, close any MATLAB figure windows, and reexecute the cell functions one at a time in the correct order by pressing F2, and then Enter.2.If you save an Excel worksheet containing Excel Link functions and later open it under a different computer environment where the excllink.xla add-in is in a different location, Excel may display a message box. Click No. Then select Edit > Links. In the Links dialogbox, click Change Source. In the Change Links dialog box, find and select excllink.xla under matlabroot/toolbox/exlink and click OK. Excel executes each function as it changes its link. You may see MATLAB figure windows and hear error beeps as the links change and functions execute; ignore them. Back in the Links dialog box, click OK. The worksheet now correctly connects to the Excel Link add-in.Or, instead of using the Edit Links menu, you can manually edit the link location in each affected worksheet cell to show the correct location of excllink.xla.Information for International Users 国际用户信息This document uses Excel with an English?(United States) Windows regional setting for illustrative purposes. If you use Excel Link with a non-English?(United?States) Windows desktop environment, certain syntactical elements may not work as illustrated. For example, you may have to replace the comma (,) delimiter within the Excel Link commands with a semicolon (;) or other operator. Please consult your Windows documentation to determine which regional setting differences exist among various international versions.matlab与excel数据交换的有利工具——excellink(4)Example 1: Regression and Curve FittingRegression techniques and curve fitting attempt to find functions that describe the relationshipamong variables. In effect, they attempt to build mathematical models of a data set. MATLAB provides many powerful yet easy-to-use matrix operators and functions to simplify the task.This example does both data regression and curve fitting. It also executes the same example in a worksheet version and a macro version. The example uses Excel worksheets to organize and display the data. Excel Link functions copy the data to MATLAB and execute MATLAB computational and graphic functions. The macro version also returns outputdata to an Excel worksheet.Worksheet VersionTo try the worksheet-only version of this example, click the Sheet1 tab on the ExliSamp.xls window.The worksheet contains one named range: A4:C28 is named DATA and contains the sample data set:1.Make E5 the active cell. Press F2, then Enter to execute the Excel Link function that copies the sample data set to MATLAB.The data set contains 25 observations of three variables. There is a strong linear dependence among the observations; in fact, they are close to being scalar multiples of each other.2.Move to cell E8 and press F2, then Enter. Repeat with cells E9 and E10. These Excel Link functions tell MATLAB to regress the third column of data on the other two columns. They createa single vector y containing the third-column data, and a new three-column matrix A consisting ofa column of ones followed by the rest of the data.3.Execute the function in cell E13. This function computes the regression coefficients by using the MATLAB backslash operation to solve the (overdetermined) system of linear equations, A*beta = y.4.Execute the function in cell E16. MATLAB matrix-vector multiplication produces the regressed result (fit).5.Execute the functions in cells E19, E20, and E21. These functions compare the original data with fit; sort the data in increasing order and apply the same permutation to fit; and create a scalar for the number of observations.6.Execute the functions in cells E24 and E25. Often it is useful to fit a polynomial equation to data. To do so, you would ordinarily have to set up a system of simultaneous linear equations and solve for the coefficients. The MA TLAB polyfit function automatesthis procedure, in this case for a fifth-degree polynomial. The polyval function then evaluates the resulting polynomial at each data point to check the goodness of fit (newfit).7.Execute the function in cell E28. The MA TLAB plot function graphs the original data (blue circles), the regressed result fit (dashed red line), and the polynomial result (solid green line); and adds a legend. Data plots.Since the data is closely correlated but not exactly linearly dependent, the fit curve (dashed line)shows a close, but not an exact,fit. The fifth-degree polynomial curve, newfit, represents a more accurate mathematical model for the data.When you have finished this version of the example, close the figure window.Macro VersionTo try the macro-and-worksheet version of this example, click the Sheet2 tab on ExliSamp.xls.Make cell A4 the active cell, but do not execute it yet.Cell A4 calls the macro CurveFit, which you can examine from the Visual Basic environment.While this module is open, select Tools > References. In the References dialog box, make sure that the excllink.xla check box is selected. If not, select the check box and click OK. You may have to use Browse to find the excllink.xla file.Back in cell A4 of Sheet2, press F2, then Enter to execute the CurveFit macro. The macro executes the same functions as in Step 1 through Step 7 of the worksheet version (in a slightly different order), including plotting the graph. Plus, it copies the original data y (sorted), the corresponding regressed data fit, and the polynomial data newfit, to the worksheet. (The last three MLGetMatrix unctions in the CurveFit macro copy data to the Excel worksheet.)When you have finished the example, close the figure window.matlab与excel数据交换的有利工具——excellink(5)插值Interpolation is a process for estimating values that lie between known data points. It is important for applications such as signal and image processing and data visualization. MATLAB provides a number of interpolation functions that let you balance the smoothness of data fit with execution speed and efficient memory use.This example uses a two-dimensional data-gridding interpolation function on thermodynamic data, where volume has been measured for time and temperature values. It finds the volume values underlying the two-dimensional time-temperature function for a new set of time and temperature coordinates.The example uses an Excel worksheet to organize and display the original data and the interpolated output data. Excel Link functions copy the data to and from MATLAB, execute the MATLAB interpolation function, and invoke MATLAB graphics to display the interpolated data in a three-dimensional color surface.To try this example, click the Sheet3 tab on ExliSamp.xls.The worksheet contains the measured thermodynamic data in cells A5:A29, B5:B29, and C5:C29. The time and temperature values for interpolation are in cells E7:E30 and F6:T6 respectively:1.Make A33 the active cell. Press F2, then Enter to execute the Excel Link function that passes the Time, Temp, and Volume labels to MATLAB.2.Make A34 the active cell. Press F2, then Enter to execute the Excel Link function that copies the original time data to MATLAB.Move to cell A35 and execute the function to copy the original temperature data. Execute the function in cell A36 to copy the original volume data.3.Move to cell A39 and press F2, then Enter to copy the interpolation time values to MATLAB. Execute the function in cell A40 tocopy the interpolation temperature values.4.Execute the function in cell A43. griddata is the MATLAB two-dimensional interpolation function that generates the interpolatedvolume data using the inverse distance method.5.Execute the functions in cells A46 and A47 to transpose the interpolated volume data and copy it to the Excel worksheet.The data fills cells F7:T30, which are enclosed in a border.6.Execute the function in cell A50. MA TLAB plots and labels the interpolated data on a three-dimensional colorsurface, with the color proportional to the interpolated volume data.When you have finished with the example, close the figure window.matlab解经典符号方程solve（）solveSymbolic solution of algebraic equationsSyntaxsolve(eq)solve(eq,var)solve(eq1,eq2,...,eqn)g = solve(eq1,eq2,...,eqn,var1,var2,...,varn)DescriptionSingle Equation/Expression2The input to solve can be either symbolic expressions or strings. If eq is a symbolic expression(x^2-2*x+1) or a string that does not contain an equal sign ('x^2-2*x+1'), then solve(eq)solves the equation eq=0 for its default variable (as determined by findsym). solve(eq,var) solves the equation eq (or eq=0 in the two cases cited above) for the variablevar.System of EquationsThe inputs are either symbolic expressions or strings specifying equations. solve(eq1,eq2,...,eqn) or solves the system of equations implied by eq1,eq2,...,eqn inthe n variables determined by applying findsym to the system.g = solve(eq1,eq2,...,eqn,var1,var2,...,varn) finds the zeros for the system ofequations for the variables specified as inputs.Three different types of output are possible. For one equation and one output, the resultingsolution is returned with multiple solutions for a nonlinear equation. For a system of equations andan equal number of outputs, the results are sorted alphabetically and assigned to the outputs. Fora system of equations and a single output, a structure containing the solutions is returned.For both a single equation and a system of equations, numeric solutions are returned if symbolicsolutions cannot be determined.Examplessolve('a*x^2 + b*x + c') returns[ 1/2/a*(-b+(b^2-4*a*c)^(1/2)),1/2/a*(-b-(b^2-4*a*c)^(1/2))]solve('a*x^2 + b*x + c','b') returns-(a*x^2+c)/xS = solve('x + y = 1','x - 11*y = 5') returns a structure S withS.y = -1/3, S.x = 4/3solve :: Functions (Symbolic Math Toolbox) text://2 of 2 2012-7-26 9:A = solve('a*u^2 + v^2', 'u - v = 1', 'a^2 - 5*a + 6')returnsA =a: [4x1 sym]u: [4x1 sym]v: [4x1 sym]whereA.a =[ 2][ 2][ 3][ 3]A.u =[ 1/3+1/3*i*2^(1/2)][ 1/3-1/3*i*2^(1/2)][ 1/4+1/4*i*3^(1/2)][ 1/4-1/4*i*3^(1/2)]A.v =[ -2/3+1/3*i*2^(1/2)][ -2/3-1/3*i*2^(1/2)][ -3/4+1/4*i*3^(1/2)][ -3/4-1/4*i*3^(1/2)]关于使用solve（）时产生x: [1x1 sym]的解决亲爱的同学们，你有没有在使用matlab过这样类似的情况呢？>> solve('x + y = 1','x - 11*y = 5')ans =x: [1x1 sym]y: [1x1 sym]为什么会出现这样的现象呢？这是因为你的默认输出格式是结构体，你想看的是单个的元素。
如何将Excel中的数据导入MATLAB并在MATLAB中画出图象
1.如何将Excel中的数据在MATLAB界面下显示出来：
首先Excel必须是office的（WPS的不可以，MATLAB不能识别），在MATLAB中使用命令xlsread读取Excel中的数据到MATLAB里，如下所示：[number,txt,raw]=xlsread('noise.xlsx')，此
时读取的文件须在MATLAB默认路径下，命令具体用法及参数含
义可直接用help命令在MATLAB中查找。
读取的数据界面如下：
2.如何将Excel中的数据导入MATLAB并在MATLAB中画出图像？
首先Excel必须是office的（WPS的不可以，MATLAB不能识
别），file-Import Data-在工作路径下找到需要导入的文件（图3）-点击打开（图4）-点击next-点击finish-导入成功-在workspace中看到图5（导入的数据）。
至此数据导入成功。
下面是如何利用该数据绘图：
法一：双击workspace中的data打开如图6，选中要画图的数据如图7（数据范围可以根据需要随便选择），点击上方的
plot(data(1:874,1:2)，画出图像如图8，并且在工作空间中自动显示画图命令。
法二：直接在工作空间中写画图命令。
图3
图4
图5
图6
图7
图8。
如何将Excel中的数据导入MATLAB并在MATLAB中画出图像
1. 如何将Excel中的数据在MATLA界面下显示出来：首先Excel必须是office 的（WPS勺不可以，MATLA不能识别），在MATLA中使用命令xlsread读取Excel中的数据到MATLA里，如下所示：[number,txt,raw]=xlsread（'noise.xlsx'），此时读取的文件须在MATLA默认路径下，命令具体用法及参数含义可直接用help 命令在MATLA中查找。
读取的数据界面如下：[0.2i60][0.24SO][0.2500][0.2520][0.2540][0.2560][0.2580][0.25Q0][0.2620][0. 2640][0. 2660][0.2680][0.2700][0.2720][0.2740][0. 2760][23.6000][ 28][30.4000]125-2000][ 18][19.2000][2L 2000][17. 20Q0][16.SOOO][17.6000][13.6000][11.2000][13.6000][13.2000][ 10][12.4000]2. 如何将Excel中的数据导入MATLA并在MATLA中画出图像？首先Excel必须是office 的（WPS勺不可以，MATLA不能识别），file-Import Data- 在工作路径下找到需要导入的文件（图3）-点击打开（图4）-点击next-点击finish- 导入成功-在workspace中看到图5 （导入的数据）。
至此数据导入成功。
下面是如何利用该数据绘图：法一：双击workspace中的data打开如图6,选中要画图的数据如图7 （数据范围可以根据需要随便选择），点击上方的plot（data（1:874,1:2），画出图像如图8,并且在工作空间中自动显示画图命令。
法二：直接在工作空间中写画图命令。
>> [number, txt raw!=zlsr*ad C noise.xlsz J)riunber 二0.246023. 60000.24SC 2& 00000.2500 30. 40000. 2520 25.20000. 2E40 18. 00000.2560 2000Di 2580 21. 20000.2600 17.20000. 2620 16.30000. 2640 17. 60000. 13. 60000* 26SA 1],20000. 2700 13. SQ00Import Data査找范圉（X）：库计算机网貉名称'悸改日期,,noise.rriat2014/3/1S 19:181^gnoisenKlsx2014/3/1& 19：01I HKTIAB ▼> ®文件名曲）:iriOL XISX文件类型⑴；Recognized Filww取消 |JJWorkspace圄■鱼1鲂I^Lr Select data ...〒Name *田［甌Value<874x2 double* rrrCommand Window■+* □ ? X>> plol (datadia?^ I. = 2), J DisplayMafte J p J dataCl;874? 1;2)a ? J YDataSource 1/ data(i:B74? 1:2^ ) .f igurt (ecf)九—K —图81 f 4New to MATLAB? Watch thi$ Sdg see 口旳口轧 or read Getting 5t^rt 亡cLNew Parallel D”ktq 因❼Ctirrent F file Edit 0ew Ins-ert lo&ls Desktop Window Help□ U 矗B |輿耳U 物穏摇TO □囲I ■口IXCommaHd Window。
matlab与word,excel无缝连接
问题：如何将图片自动导入Excel或Word文件中，换句话说，就是怎样用matlab生成带有图片的Excel和Word文档，对此，我分别写了下面两个小程序，并在matlab2008a中经过了测试。
1. 用matlab生成带有图片的Excel文档function ceshi_Excel%设定测试Excel文件名和路径filespec_user=[pwd '\测试.xls'];%判断Excel是否已经打开，若已打开，就在打开的Excel中进行操作，%否则就打开ExceltryExcel=actxGetRunningServer('Excel.Application');catchExcel = actxserver('Excel.Application');end;%设置Excel属性为可见set(Excel, 'Visible', 1);%返回Excel工作簿句柄Workbooks = Excel.Workbooks;%若测试文件存在，打开该测试文件，否则，新建一个工作簿，并保存，文件名为测试.Excel if exist(filespec_user,'file');Workbook = invoke(Workbooks,'Open',filespec_user);elseWorkbook = invoke(Workbooks, 'Add');Workbook.SaveAs(filespec_user);end%返回工作表句柄Sheets = Excel.ActiveWorkBook.Sheets;%返回第一个表格句柄sheet1 = get(Sheets, 'Item', 1);%激活第一个表格invoke(sheet1, 'Activate');%如果当前工作表中有图形存在，通过循环将图形全部删除Shapes=Excel.ActiveSheet.Shapes;if Shapes.Count~=0;for i=1:Shapes.Count;Shapes.Item(1).Delete;end;end;%随机产生标准正态分布随机数，画直方图，并设置图形属性zft=figure('units','normalized','position',...[0.280469 0.553385 0.428906 0.251302],'visible','off');set(gca,'position',[0.1 0.2 0.85 0.75]);data=normrnd(0,1,1000,1);hist(data);grid on;xlabel('考试成绩');ylabel('人数');%将图形复制到粘贴板hgexport(zft, '-clipboard');%将图形粘贴到当前表格的A5:B5栏里Excel.ActiveSheet.Range('A5:B5').Select;Excel.ActiveSheet.Paste;%删除图形句柄delete(zft);2. 用matlab生成带有图片的Word文档function ceshi_Word%设定测试Word文件名和路径filespec_user=[pwd '\测试.doc'];%判断Word是否已经打开，若已打开，就在打开的Word中进行操作，%否则就打开WordtryWord = actxGetRunningServer('Word.Application');catchWord = actxserver('Word.Application');end;%设置Word属性为可见set(Word, 'Visible', 1);%返回Word文件句柄documents = Word.Documents;%若测试文件存在，打开该测试文件，否则，新建一个文件，并保存，文件名为测试.doc if exist(filespec_user,'file');document = invoke(documents,'Open',filespec_user);elsedocument = invoke(documents, 'Add');document.SaveAs(filespec_user);endcontent = document.Content;selection = Word.Selection;paragraphformat = selection.ParagraphFormat;%页面设置document.PageSetup.TopMargin = 60;document.PageSetup.BottomMargin = 45;document.PageSetup.LeftMargin = 45;document.PageSetup.RightMargin = 45;%设定内容起始位置和标题set(content, 'Start',0);title='测试文件';set(content, 'Text',title);set(paragraphformat, 'Alignment','wdAlignParagraphCenter');%设定标题字体格式rr=document.Range(0,10);rr.Font.Size=16;rr.Font.Bold=4;%设定下面内容的起始位置end_of_doc = get(content,'end');set(selection,'Start',end_of_doc);%另起一段selection.TypeParagraph;%如果当前工作文档中有图形存在，通过循环将图形全部删除shape=document.Shapes;shape_count=shape.Count;if shape_count~=0;for i=1:shape_count;shape.Item(1).Delete;end;end;%随机产生标准正态分布随机数，画直方图，并设置图形属性zft=figure('units','normalized','position',...[0.280469 0.553385 0.428906 0.251302],'visible','off');set(gca,'position',[0.1 0.2 0.85 0.75]);data=normrnd(0,1,1000,1);hist(data);grid on;xlabel('考试成绩');ylabel('人数');%将图形复制到粘贴板hgexport(zft, '-clipboard');%将图形粘贴到当前文档里，并设置图形属性为浮于文字上方selection.Range.PasteSpecial;shape.Item(1).WrapFormat.Type=3;shape.Item(1).ZOrder('msoBringInFrontOfText');%删除图形句柄delete(zft);。
excel和matlab链接
Matlab具有强大的数据计算和处理、图形显示能力；Excel则具有强大的表格处理同时也有强大的数据统计和显示能力。
在科研过程中常会同时使用这两款软件，如果实现Matlab和Excel的链接，可以满足实际要求。
实现Matlab和Excel的混合编程主要有以下几种方法：1、利用Excel Link（最常用方法）Excel Link是一个在Windows环境下实现Excel与Matlab进行链接的插件。
通过连接Excel和Matlab，实现Excel和Matlab的数据共享。
使用Excel Link 时，不脱离Excel环境直接在Excel中调用Matlab函数。
具体可参见Matlab帮助或Excel Link手册。
2、利用Excel生成器(Matlab作COM服务器)COM(通用对象模型)是一组面向对象的技术和工具的集合。
利用Matlab提供的COM生成器，把Matlab的算法程序生成组件，这些组件可作为独立的COM对象被Excel的Visual Basic使用。
具体可参见Matlab COM Builder或者Matlab Builder for Excel工具。
3、利用Active X控制(Matlab作COM客户端)ActiveX是 Microsoft对于一系列策略性面向对象程序技术和工具的称呼，其中主要的技术是组件对象模型。
主要利用Matlab中的actxserver函数：actxserver('progid')；progid为程序的ActiveX部件的标识符，针对不同的程序有不同的progid。
如actxserver('Excel.Application')，然后可利用invoke函数进行一系列操作。
4、文件导入方法利用xlsread和xlswrite函数读写Excel文件(也可用fopen、fread和fwrite函数)，然后进行数据处理操作。
另外，还可以通过菜单File->Import data 方法。
第3章 MATLAB与Excel文件的数据交换
3.2.3
写入数据函数xlswrite
MATLAB往Excel中写入数据的函数为xlswrite。 xlswrite函数语法： ［status, message］ = xlswrite (filename, M, sheet, range) %status=1时说明写入成果，0时写入失败。
测试函数M文件CaseXlsWrite.m如下：
《金融数量分析——基于MATLAB编程 》
3.1 案例背景
Excel是一款非常优秀的通用表格软件，在学习、工作与科研中 大量的数据可能都是以Excel表格的方式存储的。Excel在矩阵计算、 数据拟合与优化算法等方面的功能尚不足，Excel与MATLAB相结合 是处理复杂数据问题的有效方法。 如何利用MATLAB强大的数值计算功能处理Excel中的数据，首 要解决的问题就是如何将Excel中的数据导入MATLAB中或将 MATLAB数值计算的结果转存入Excel中。 本章主要介绍以函数方式与Exlink宏的两种方法实现MATLAB与 Excel的数据交互。
%数据位置为excel.xls文件 表1 位置为B3:B14的列数据 Hs300Price=xlsread(‘funddata.xls', 1, 'B3:B14') %或 Hs300Price=xlsread(‘funddata.xls’, ‘Sheet1', 'B3:B14') Hs300Vol=xlsread(‘funddata.xls', 1, 'C3:C14') %数据位置为excel.xls文件 表1 位置为C3:C14的列数据
3. 4.2
多个文件的读取和写入
在实际的项目编程中，很多时候遇到从很多文件中读取数据，若逐个文件 进行手工操作不仅身心疲惫，而且容易出错。例如，指数成分股与权重数据每 天一个Excel文件，文件名为： 000016weightnextday20100104.xls,000016weightnextday20110630.xls，…， 000016weightnextday20120104.xls等，程序化读取的关键是将文件名自动化。
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用Excel Link实现Excel与Matlab混合编程来源: 神经网络作者：AI俱乐部网友评论0 条浏览次数48Excel Link是一个在Windows环境下实现Excel与Matlab进行链接的插件。
通过连接Excel 和Matlab，用户可以在Excel工作表空间和宏编程工具中使用Matlab的数值计算，图形处理等功能，不需要脱离Excel环境。
同时由Excel Link来保证两个工作环境中的数据交换和同步更新。
1. Excel Link的安装和和设置首先，在系统中安装Excel软件。
然后安装Matlab和Excel Link，用Matlab安装盘开始安装，选择自定义安装中，在选中组件ExcelLink，如下图所示：安装完Excel Link后还需要在Excel中进行一些设置后才能使用。
启动Excel，选择菜单“工具”项下的“加载宏”项，弹出如下对话框：选中Excel Link项。
如果该项不存在，则通过浏览目录，在目录％MATLAB％toolboxexlink下找到excllink.xla文件，如下图示，并确定。
选中ExcelLink项并确定后，在Excel中多了一个Excel Link工具条，如下图示: 经过以上的设置后就可以开始使用Excel Link了。
2. ExcelLink连接管理函数(1) Matlabinit该函数只能在宏子例程中使用。
初始化ExcelLink和启动Matlab进程。
只有在MLAutoStart 函数中使用“no”参数，才需要手动使用Matlabinit来初始化ExcelLink和启动Matlab进程，如果使用参数“yes”，则Matlabinit是自动执行的。
使用语法：Matlabinit(2) MLAutoStart设置自动启动Matlab和ExcelLink。
在工作表中的使用语法：MLAutoStart("yes")MLAutoStart("no")在宏中的使用语法：MLAutoStart "yes"MLAutoStart "no"使用“yes”参数，则当Excel启动时，自动启动Matlab和ExcelLink；如果使用参数“no”，则当Excel启动时，不启动Matlab和ExcelLink。
如果在此之前它们已经启动，则无任何影响。
(3) MLClose终止Matlab进程并删除Matlab工作空间的所有变量。
并通知Excel，Matlab不再运行。
在工作表中的使用语法：MLClose（）在宏中的使用语法：MLClose(4) MLOpen启动Matlab进程。
如果Matlab进程已经启动，则MLOpen函数不进行任何操作。
在使用MLClose关闭Matlab进程后使用MLOpen来重新启动Matlab。
在工作表中的使用语法：MLOpen（）在宏中的使用语法：MLOpen3. ExcelLink数据管理函数(1) Matlabfcn根据给定的Excel数据执行Matlab命令。
在工作表中使用时的语法：matlabfcn(command，inputs)参数command，Matlab将执行的命令，命令需要写成“command”（使用双引号引起来）的形式。
参数inputs 传给Matlab命令的变长输入参数列表。
列表是包含数据的工作表单元格范围。
函数返回单一数值或者是字符串，结果返回到调用函数的单元格中。
例如matlabfcn（”sum”，B1:B10）；把从B1到B10的单元格中数据相加，如下图示：并将结果返回到当前的活动单元格。
即A11，结果如下图。
(2) Matlabsub根据给定的Excel数据执行Matlab命令，并将结果返回到指定的单元格中。
在工作表中的使用语法：matlabsub（command，edat，inputs）command和inputs参数的与matlabfcn相同。
参数edat，指定返回值写入在工作表中的位置。
如果edat用双引号引起来，则edat必须是单元格地址或范围的名字。
如果参数不用引号引起edat的形式，则通过计算获得矩阵名。
例如：matlabsub（”sum”，”A1”，B1:B10）；把工作表中从单元格B1到B10的数据相加，并将结果返回到单元格A1中。
注意：edat指定的位置不能包含matlabsub所在的位置。
(3) MLAppendMatrix将Excel工作表中的数据追加到Matlab中指定的矩阵中如果该矩阵不存在，则创建矩阵。
在工作表中使用的语法：MLAppendMatrix(var_name，mdat)在宏中使用的语法：MLAppendMatrix var_name，mdat注意要追加的数据维数要和原矩阵中的维数相匹配，否则出错。
例如：MLAppendMatrix（”a”，A1:A2）；假设矩阵a是个2行3列的矩阵，如下图:将A1：A2中的数据追加到矩阵后，如下图示成为矩阵的第四列，如下图示。
单元格B1中是字符a，函数MLAppendMatrix（B1，A1:A2）的作用于MLAppendMatrix （”a”，A1:A2）相同。
(4) MLDeleteMatrix删除Matlab空间中指定的矩阵在工作表中使用的语法：MLDeleteMatrix（var_name）；在宏中使用的语法：MLDeleteMatrix var_nameVar_name，是要删除的矩阵名，如果矩阵名在引号内“var_name”的形式，则直接指定变量名，如果var_name不用引号引起来，则通过计算获得实际矩阵的名字。
例如，单元格B1中的内容为a，MLDeleteMatrix（B1），则表示删除Matlab工作空间的矩阵a，它等价于MLDeleteMatrix（”a”）(5) MLEvalString将命令（写成字符串的形式）传到Matlab中执行。
在工作表中使用的语法：MLEvalString（command）；在宏中使用的语法：MLEvalString command参数command如果是用引号引起来”command”的形式，则是直接指定命令；如果不用引号引起来command的形式，则command必须是包含了命令字符串的工作表的单元格地址或者是范围。
例如：MLEvalString（”b=magic(4)”）；表示在Matlab中执行命令b=magic(4)；(6) MLGetMatrix将指定的Matlab矩阵写入到Excel工作表中的指定位置。
在工作表中使用的语法：MLGetMatrix（var_name，edat）在宏中使用的语法：MLGetMatrix var_name，edat参数Var_name，是要写入工作表的矩阵名，如果矩阵名在引号内“var_name”的形式，则直接指定变量名，如果var_name不用引号引起来，则通过计算获得实际矩阵的名字。
参数edat指定了矩阵写入工组表的位置。
如果参数是用引号引起”edat”的形式，则是直接指定矩阵名，如果参数不用引号引起edat的形式，则通过计算获得矩阵名。
例如：MLGetMatrix（”a”，”sheet1!B1”）；将矩阵a写入工作表sheet1以单元格B1起始的位置，如果a是一个2行3列的矩阵，则矩阵占据sheet1的B1到D2的空间。
如果在A1中有字符串a，则MLGetMatrix（A1，” sheet1!C1”）的作用与MLGetMatrix（”a”，”sheet1!C1”）相同。
函数运行结果如图示。
(7) MLGetVar将MatLab矩阵传送给Excel VBA变量，只能在宏子例程中使用。
使用语法：MLGetVar ML_var_name，VBA_var_name参数ML_var_name是将获取的矩阵名。
如果矩阵名在引号内“ML_var_name”的形式，则直接指定变量名，如果ML_var_name不用引号引起来，则通过计算获得实际矩阵的名字。
参数VBA_var_name，将其Matlab矩阵数据传给的VBA变量名，不用引号将其引起来。
例如：Sub Fetch()MLGetVar "J"，DataJEnd Sub表示将Matlab矩阵J的数据写入到VBA变量DataJ中。
(8) MLPutMatrix用指定位置的Excel工作表中的数据，创建或者覆盖Matlab矩阵。
在工作表中使用的语法：MLPutMatrix（var_name，mdat）在宏中使用的语法：MLPutString var_name，mdat参数var_name是将有被创建或者被覆盖的矩阵名。
如果指定的矩阵不存在，则创建该矩阵，如果矩阵已经存在，则覆盖该矩阵。
参数mdat，指定工作表中的位置。
例如：工作表中有A1到C2的数据，使用函数MLPutMatrix（”c”，A1:C2），则可以将这些数据写到Matlab矩阵c中，如下图示。
注意：如果修改工作表中的数据，则Matlab中的矩阵相应发生变化。
如果把数据剪切到别的地方，如D1到F2，则函数MLPutMatrix（”c”，A1:C2）会自动更改为MLPutMatrix（”c”，D1:F2）(9) MLPutVar使用VBA变量的数据创建或者覆盖Matlab 矩阵。
只能在宏子例程中使用。
使用语法：MLPutVar ML_var_name，VBA_var_name参数ML_var_name是将被创建或覆盖的矩阵名。
如果矩阵名在引号内“ML_var_name”的形式，则直接指定变量名，如果ML_var_name不用引号引起来，则通过计算获得实际矩阵的名字。
参数VBA_var_name，将其数据传给Matlab矩阵的VBA变量名，不用引号将其引起来。
如果VBA_var_name变量包含字符串的数据，则输出到Matlab为元胞数组格式。
例如：Sub Put()MLPutVar "K"，DataKEnd Sub用VBA变量DataK中的数据创建或着覆盖Matlab矩阵K。
4. 补充使用Excel Link的注意事项（1）Excel工作表通常以“＝”作为起始标记，例如＝matlabfcn（”sum”，B1:B10）；（2）大多数的Excel Link函数中有两种定义变量的方式：直接定义，即将变量用双引号标记则是直接定义变量，例如MLGetMatrix（”bonds”，”sheet1!C1”），其中bonds是直接定义的变量；间接定义，函数中的不用双引号的工作表单元地址或行列名称被看作是间接变量，函数对其指引的内容进行操作。
工作表单元地址可以包含页表序号，例如MLDeleteMatrix（B1）；单元格B1中的内容为a，则相当于执行MLDeleteMatrix（”a”）；（3）建议使用Excel Link的自动计算模式。