2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案
2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
试题参考答案
Section I Listening Comprehension (20 points)
Part A(5 points)
1.sociology
2.1930
3.23
4.religions
5.1954[WX)]
Part B(5 points)
6.cameramen//camera men
7.a personal visit
8.depressed
9.among advertisements
10.take firm action
Part C(10 points)
11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B
Section II Use of English (10 points)
21.A 22.D 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.A 27.D 28.D 29.C 30.B 31.D 32.A 33.A 34.C 35.B 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.B 40.C
Section III Reading Comprehension(50 points)
Part A(40 points)
41.C 42.B 43.D 44.D 45.A 46.C 47.C 48.D 49.B 50.C 51.B 52.D 53.D 54.A 55.A 56.B 57.C 58.B 59.A 60.D
Part B(10 points)
61.难题这一大于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。
62.行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。
63.自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。
64.自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。
65.(如果)这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。
Section IV Writing (20 points)
66(略)。
2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案
2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This Section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selectionof recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer allyour answers from your test booklet to A NSWER SHEET 1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Questions 1-5, you will hear an introduction about the life of Margaret Welch. While you listen,heard. Some of the information has been given to youfill out the table with the information you’vein the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Welch’s Personal InformationPlace of Birth PhiladelphiaYear of Birth 1901Transfer to Barnard University (Year) 1920Major at University 1Final Degree PhDYear of Marriage 1928Growing Up In New Guinea Published (Year) 2Field Study in the South Pacific (Age) 3Main Interest 4Professorship at Columbia Started (Year) 5Death (Age) 77Part BDirections:For questions 6-10, you will hear a talk by a well-known U.S. journalist. While you listen, completethe sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)Besides reporters, who else were camped out 6for days outside the speaker’s home?apartmentOne reporter got to the speaker’s 7pretending to pay.The speaker believed the reporter wanted a 8picture of her lookingWhere is a correction to a false story usually 9placed?According to the speaker, the press will lose10readers unless the editors and the newsdirectorsPart CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A], [B], [C] or[D]. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only.(10 points)Questions 11-13 are based on a report about children’s healthy development. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.11. What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup next time? [A] How muchexercise they get every day.[B] What they are most worried about.[C] How long their parents accompany them daily.[D] What entertainment they are interested in.12. The academy suggests that children under age two ________.[A] get enough entertainment[B] have more activities[C] receive early education[D] have regular checkups13. According to the report, children’s bedrooms should ________.[A] be no place for play[B] be near a common area[C] have no TV sets[D] have a computer for studyQuestions 14-16 are based on the following talk about how to save money. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14. According to the speaker, what should one pay special attention to if he wants to save up?[A] Family debts.[B] Bank savings.[C] Monthly bills.[D] Spending habits.15. How much can a person save by retirement if he gives up his pack-a-day habit?[A] $190,000.[B] $330,000.[C] $500,000.[D] $1,000,000.16. What should one do before paying monthly bills, if he wants to accumulate wealth?[A] Invest into a mutual fund.[B] Use the discount tickets.[C] Quit his eating-out habit.[D] Use only paper bills and save coins.Questions 17-20 are based on an interview with Herbert A. Glieberman, a domestic-relations lawyer. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. Which word best describes the lawyer’s prediction of the change in divorce rate?[A] Fall[B] Rise[C] V-shape[D] Zigzag18. What do people nowadays desire to do concerning their marriage?[A] To embrace changes of thought.[B] To adapt to the disintegrated family life.[C] To return to the practice in the ‘60s and ‘70s.[D] To create stability in their lives.19. Why did some people choose not to divorce 20 years ago?[A] They feared the complicated procedures.[B] They wanted to go against the trend.[C] They were afraid of losing face.[D] they were willing to stay together.20. Years ago a divorced man in a company would have ________.[A] been shifted around the country.[B] had difficulty being promoted.[C] enjoyed a happier life.[D] tasted little bitterness of disgrace.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.THIS IS THE END OF SECTION IDO NOT READ OR WORK ON THE NEXT SECTIONUNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO CONTINUE全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题(二)National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates (2002)考生注意事项1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则，得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题。
2002年考研英语真题及答案解析(卷二)
考研资料2002年全国研究生入学考试（二）及参考答案（精校版）英语2002年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 1 . As was discussed before, it was not 2 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic_ 3 _ ，following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 4 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 5 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 6 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 7 the 20th century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that Process in 8 . It is important to do so.It is generally recognized, 9 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 10 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 11media was not immediately 12 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as13 , with display becoming sharper and storage 14 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 15 generations, with the distance between generations much 16 .It was within the computer age that the ter m “information society” began to be widely used to describe the 17 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 18 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 19 view about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed20 “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.1. ［A］between ［B］before ［C］since ［D］later2. ［A］after ［B］by ［C］during ［D］until3. ［A］means ［B］method ［C］medium ［D］measure4. ［A］process ［B］company ［C］light ［D］form5. ［A］gathered ［B］speeded ［C］worked ［D］picked6. ［A］on ［B］out ［C］over ［D］off7. ［A］of ［B］for ［C］beyond ［D］into8. ［A］concept ［B］dimension ［C］effect ［D］perspective9. ［A］indeed ［B］hence ［C］however ［D］therefore10. ［A］brought ［B］followed ［C］stimulated ［D］characterized11. ［A］unless ［B］since ［C］lest ［D］although12. ［A］apparent ［B］desirable ［C］negative ［D］plausible13. ［A］institutional ［B］universal ［C］fundamental ［D］instrumental14. ［A］ability ［B］capability ［C］capacity ［D］faculty15. ［A］by means of ［B］in terms of ［C］with regard to［D］in line with16. ［A］deeper ［B］fewer ［C］nearer ［D］smaller17. ［A］context ［B］range ［C］scope ［D］territory18. ［A］regarded ［B］impressed ［C］influenced ［D］effected19. ［A］competitive ［B］controversial ［C］distracting ［D］irrational20. ［A］above ［B］upon ［C］against ［D］withSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending onwhom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don’t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatement. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.21. To make your humor work, you should .[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience[B] make fun of the disorganized people[C] address different problems to different people[D] show sympathy for your listeners22. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are .[A] impolite to new arrivals[B] very conscious of their godlike role[C] entitled to some privileges[D] very busy even during lunch hours23. It can be inferred from the text that public services .[A] have benefited many people[B] are the focus of public attention[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor[D] have often been the laughing stock24. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered .[A] in well-worded language[B] as awkwardly as possible[C] in exaggerated statements[D] as casually as possible25. The best title for the text may be .[A] Use Humor Effectively[B] Various Kinds of Humor[C] Add Humor to Speech[D] Different Humor StrategiesText 2Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with theirhands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, “we can't yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it.26. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in.[A] the use of machines to produce science fiction.[B] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.[C] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.[D] the elite’s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.27. The word “gizmos” (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means.[A] programs［B］experts［C］devices ［D］creatures28. According to the text, what is beyond man's ability now is to design a robot that can.[A] fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.[B] interact with human beings verbally.[C] have a little common sense.[D] respond independently to a changing world.29. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also .[A] make a few decisions for themselves.[B] deal with some errors with human intervention.[C] improve factory environments.[D] cultivate human creativity.30. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are.[A] expected to copy human brain in internal structure.[B] able to perceive abnormalities immediately.[C] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.[D] best used in a controlled environment.Text 3Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.31. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is_______[A] global inflation.[B] reduction in supply.[C]fast growth in economy.[D] Iraq’s suspension of exports.32. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if______.[A] price of crude rises. [B] commodity prices rise.[C] consumption rises. [D] oil taxes rise.33. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries_______.［A］heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive.［B］income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices.［C］manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed.［D］oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP.34. We can draw a conclusion from the text that_______.［A］oil-price shocks are less shocking now.［B］inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks.［C］energy conservation can keep down the oil prices.［D］the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry.35. From the text we can see that the writer seems__________.［A］optimistic. ［B］sensitive. ［C］gloomy. ［D］scared.Text 4The Supreme Court’s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicineseeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally ill patients’pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient medi cation to control their pain if that might hasten death”.George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “It’s like surgery,” he says. “We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you’re a physician, you can risk your patient’s suicide as long as you don’t intend their suicide.”On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.Just three weeks before the Court’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translate into better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering”, to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient abuse”. He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear...that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension”.36. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that .[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients’pain[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide[D] patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide37. Which of the following statements its true according to the text?[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients’death.[B] Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.[C] The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.[D] A doctor’s medication is no longer justified by his intentions.38. According to the NAS’s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is .[A] prolonged medical procedures [B] inadequate treatment of pain[C] systematic drug abuse [D] insufficient hospital care39. Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive” (line 4, paragraph 7)?[A] Bold. [B] Harmful. [C] Careless. [D] Desperate40. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they .[A] manage their patients incompetently[B] give patients more medicine than needed[C] reduce drug dosages for their patients[D] prolong the needless suffering of the patientsPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn.（41）One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics andbiology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. （42）The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze.（43）The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. （44）They are the possessions of the autonomous（self-governing）man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values”. Who will use a technology and to what ends?（45）Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.Section III Writing46. Directions:Stu dy the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures National and International”.In the essay you should1. describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and2. give your comment on the phenomenon.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)An American girl in traditional Chinese costume（服装）第一部分英语知识应用试题解析一、文章总体分析本文主要介绍了计算机的发展对通信革命及人们的生存方式产生的影响。
2002年考研英语真题(英一二通用)-世纪高教在线高清版
世纪高教在线2002年真题 第1 页2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题S e c t i o n I U s e o fE n gl i s h D i r e c t i o n s :R e a d t h e f o l l o w i n g t e x t .C h o o s e t h e b e s tw o r d (s )f o r e a c h n u m b e r e d b l a n k a n dm a r kA ,B ,Co rDo n A N S W E RS H E E T1.(10p o i n t s )C o m p a r i s o n sw e r e d r a w n b e t w e e n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t e l e v i s i o n i n t h e 20t h c e n t u r ya n d t h e d i f f u s i o n o f p r i n t i n g i n t h e 15t ha n d 16t hc e n t u r i e s .Y e tm u c hh a dh a p p e n e d 1 .A sw a sd i s c u s s e db e f o r e ,i t w a s n o t 2 t h e 19t hc e n t u r y t h a t t h e n e w s p a p e r b e c a m e t h ed o m i n a n t p re -e l e c t r o n i c 3 ,f o l l o w i ng i n th ew a k e o f t h e p a m p h l e t a n d t h e b o o k a n di n t h e 4 o f t h e p e r i o d i c a l .I tw a s d u r i n gt h e s a m e t i m e t h a t t h ec o m m u n i c a t i o n sr e v o l u t i o n 5 u p ,b e g i n n i n g w i t ht r a n s p o r t ,t h er a i l w a y ,a n dl e a d i n g 6 t h r o u g h t h e t e l e g r a p h ,t h e t e l e p h o n e ,r a d i o ,a n dm o t i o n p i c t u r e s 7 t h e 20t h -c e n t u r y w o r l d o f t h em o t o r c a r a n d t h e a i r p l a n e .N o t e v e r y o n e s e e s t h a t p r o c e s s i n 8 .I t i s i m po r t a n t t od o s o .I t i s g e n e r a l l y r e c o g n i z e d , 9 ,t h a tt h ei n t r o d u c t i o no ft h ec o m p u t e ri nt h ee a r l y 20t h c e n t u r y , 10 b y t h e i n v e n t i o no f t h e i n t e g r a t e dc i r c u i td u r i n g t h e1960s ,r a d i c a l l y c h a n ge dt h e p r o c e s s , 11 i t s i m p a c t o nt h em e d i aw a sn o t i m m e d i a t e l y 12 .A s t i m ew e n tb y ,c o m pu t e r s b e c a m e s m a l l e r a n dm o r e p o w e r f u l ,a n d t h e y b e c a m e p e r s o n a l t o o ,a sw e l l a s 13 ,w i t h d i s p l a yb ec o m i n g s h a r p e r a nd s t o r a ge 14 i n c r e a s i n g .T h e y w e r e t h o u g h t of ,l i k e p e o p l e , 15g e n e r a t i o n s ,w i th t h e di s t a n c e b e t w e e n g e n e r a t i o n sm u c h 16 .I tw a sw i t h i n t h e c o m p u t e r a g e t h a t t h e t e r m i n f o r m a t i o ns o c i e t y b e g a n t ob ew i d e l y u s e d t o d e s c r i b e t h e 17 w i t h i nw h i c hw en o wl i v e .T h e c o m m u n i c a t i o n s r e v o l u t i o nh a s 18 b o t hw o r k a n d l e i s u r e a n dh o ww e t h i n k a n d f e e l b o t h a b o u t pl a c e a n d t i m e ,b u t t h e r e h a v e b e e n 19 v i e w s a b o u t i t s e c o n o m i c ,p o l i t i c a l ,s o c i a l a n d c u l t u r a l i m p l i c a t i o n s . B e n e f i t s h a v eb e e nw e i g h e d 20 h a r m f u l o u t c o m e s .A n d g e n e r a l i z a t i o n s h a v e p r o v e d d i f f i c u l t .1.[A ]b e t w e e n [B ]b e f o r e [C ]s i n c e [D ]l a t e r 2.[A ]a f t e r [B ]b y [C ]d u r i n g[D ]u n t i l 3.[A ]m e a n s [B ]m e t h o d [C ]m e d i u m [D ]m e a s u r e 4.[A ]p r o c e s s [B ]c o m p a n y [C ]l i gh t [D ]f o r m 5.[A ]g a t h e r e d [B ]s p e e d e d [C ]w o r k e d[D ]p i c k e d 6.[A ]o n [B ]o u t [C ]o v e r [D ]o f f 7.[A ]o f [B ]f o r [C ]b e y o n d [D ]i n t o 8.[A ]c o n c e p t [B ]d i m e n s i o n [C ]e f f e c t [D ]p e r s p e c t i v e 9.[A ]i n d e e d [B ]h e n c e [C ]h o w e v e r [D ]t h e r e f o r e 10.[A ]b r o u g h t [B ]f o l l o w e d [C ]s t i m u l a t e d[D ]c h a r a c t e r i z e d本资料由微信公众号-世纪高教在线-整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线2002年真题 第2 页11.[A ]u n l e s s [B ]s i n c e [C ]l e s t [D ]a l t h o u g h 12.[A ]a p pa r e n t [B ]d e s i r ab l e [C ]n e g a t i v e [D ]p l a u s i b l e 13.[A ]i n s t i t u t i o n a l[B ]u n i v e r s a l [C ]f u n d a m e n t a l [D ]i n s t r u m e n t a l 14.[A ]a b i l i t y [B ]c a p a b i l i t y [C ]c a p a c i t y [D ]f a c u l t y 15.[A ]b y m e a n s o f [B ]i n t e r m s o f [C ]w i t h r e g a r d t o [D ]i n l i n ew i t h 16.[A ]d e e p e r [B ]f e w e r [C ]n e a r e r [D ]s m a l l e r 17.[A ]c o n t e x t [B ]r a n g e [C ]s c o p e [D ]t e r r i t o r y 18.[A ]r e ga r d e d [B ]i m pr e s s e d [C ]i n f l u e n c e d[D ]e f f e c t e d19.[A ]c o m p e t i t i v e [B ]c o n t r o v e r s i a l [C ]d i s t r a c t i n g[D ]i r r a t i o n a l 20.[A ]a b o v e [B ]u p o n [C ]a g a i n s t [D ]w i t h S e c t i o n I I R e a d i n g C o m pr e h e n s i o n P a r tAD i r e c t i o n s :R e a d t h e f o l l o w i n g f o u r t e x t s .A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s b e l o we a c h t e x t b y c h o o s i n g A ,B ,Co rD.M a r k y o u r a n s w e r s o nA N S W E RS H E E T1.(40p o i n t s )I f y o u i n t e n du s i n g h u m o r i n y o u r t a l kt o m a k e p e o p l es m i l e ,y o u m u s tk n o w h o wt o i d e n t i f y s h a r e d e x p e r i e n c e s a n d p r o b l e m s .Y o u rh u m o rm u s tb er e l e v a n t t ot h ea u d i e n c ea n ds h o u l dh e l p t o s h o wt h e mt h a t y o ua r e o n e o f t h e mo r t h a t y o uu n d e r s t a n d t h e i r s i t u a t i o na n da r e i ns y m p a t h y wi t h t h e i r p o i n t o f v i e w.D e p e n d i n g o nw h o m y o u a r e a d d r e s s i n g ,t h e p r o b l e m sw i l l b e d i f f e r e n t .I f yo u a r e t a l k i n g t oa g r o u p o fm a n a g e r s ,y o u m a y r e f e rt ot h ed i s o r ga n i z e d m e t h o d so ft h e i rs e c r e t a r i e s ;a l t e r n a t i v e l y i f y o u a r e a d d r e s s i n g s e c r e t a r i e s ,y o um a y w a n t t o c o m m e n t o n t h e i r d i s o r g a n i z e db o s s e s .H e r e i s a ne x a m p l e ,w h ic h I h e a rd a t a n u r se s c o n v e n t i o n ,of a s t o r y w h i c hw o r k sw e l l b e c a u s e t h e a u d i e n c e a l l s h a r e d t h e s a m e v i e wo f d o c t o r s .A m a n a r r i v e s i nh e a v e n a n d i s b e i ng sh o w n a r o u n d b y S t .P e t e r .H es e e sw o n d e r f u la c c o m m o d a ti o n s ,b e a u t i f u l g a r d e n s ,s u n n y w e a t h e r ,a n ds oo n .E v e r y o n e i sv e r yp e a c e f u l ,p o l i t ea n d f r i e n d l y u n t i l ,w a i t i n g i na l i n e f o r l u n c h ,t h en e wa r r i v a l i s s u d d e n l yp u s h e d a s i d e b y am a n i n aw h i t e c o a t ,w h o r u s h e s t o t h e h e a d o f t h e l i n e ,gr a b s h i s f o o d a n d s t o m p s o v e r t o a t a b l e b y hi m s e l f . W h o i s t h a t ? t h e n e wa r r i v a l a s k e d S t .P e t e r . O h ,t h a t sG o d , c a m e t h e r e p l y , b u t s o m e t i m e s h e t h i n k s h e s ad o c t o r . I f y o u a r e p a r t o f t h e g r o u p w h i c h y o u a r e a d d r e s s i n g ,y o uw i l l b e i n a p o s i t i o n t o k n o w t h e e x p e r i e n c e s a n d p r o b l e m sw h i c h a r e c o m m o n t o a l l o f y o u a n d i t l l b e a p p r o p r i a t e f o r y o u t om a k e a p a s s i n gr e m a r k a b o u t t h e i n e d i b l e c a n t e e n f o o d o r t h e c h a i r m a n s n o t o r i o u s b a d t a s t e i n t i e s .W i t h o t h e r a u d i e n c e s y o u m u s t n t a t t e m p t t oc u t i n w i t hh u m o ra s t h e y w i l l r e s e n ta no u t s i d e rm a k i n g d i s p a r a g i n g r e m a r k s a b o u t t h e i r c a n t e e no r t h e i r c h a i r m a n .Y o uw i l l b e o n s a f e r g r o u n d i f y o u s t i c k t o s c a p e g o a t s l i k e t h e P o s tO f f i c e o r t h e t e l e p h o n e s y s t e m.本资料由微信公众号-世纪高教在线-整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线2002年真题 第3 页I f y o u f e e l a w k w a r d b e i n g h u m o r o u s ,y o um u s t pr a c t i c e s o t h a t i t b e c o m e sm o r e n a t u r a l .I n c l u d e a f e wc a s u a l a n d a p p a r e n t l y of f -t h e -c u f f r e m a r k sw h i c h y o uc a nd e l i v e r i na r e l a x e da n du n f o r c e dm a n n e r .O f t e n i t s t h e d e l i v e r y w h i c h c a u s e s t h e a u d i e n c e t o s m i l e ,s o s p e a k s l o w l y a n d r e m e m b e r t h a t a r a i s e d e y e b r o wo r a nu n b e l i e v i ng l o o km a yh e l p t o s h o wt h a t y o ua r em a ki n g a l i g h t -h e a r t e d r e m a r k .L o o k f o r t h e h u m o r .I t o f t e n c o m e s f r o mt h e u n e x pe c t e d .At w i s t o n af a m i l i a r q u o t e I f a t f i r s t y o u d o n t s u c c e e d ,g i v e u p o r a p l a y o nw o r d s o r o n a s i t u a t i o n .S e a r ch f o r e x a g g e r a ti o n a n d u n d e r s t a t e m e n t s .L o o k a t y o u r t a l k a n d p i c ko u t a f e ww o r d s o r s e n t e n c e sw h i c h y o u c a n t u r n a b o u t a n d i nj e c tw i t hh u m o r .21.T om ak e y o u r h u m o rw o r k ,y o u s h o ul d .[A ]t a k e a d v a n t a ge of d i f f e r e n t k i n d s o f a u d i e n c e [B ]m a k e f u no f t h e d i s o rg a n i z e d p e o pl e [C ]a d d r e s s d i f f e r e n t p r o b l e m s t od i f f e r e n t p e o p l e [D ]s h o ws y m p a t h y f o r y o u r l i s t e n e r s 22.T h e j o k e a b o u t d o c t o r s i m p l i e s t h a t ,i n t h e e y e s o f n u r s e s ,t h e y a r e .[A ]i m po l i t e t on e wa r r i v a l s [B ]v e r y c o n s c i o u s o f t h e i r g o d l i k e r o l e [C ]e n t i t l e d t o s o m e p r i v i l e g e s [D ]v e r y b u s y e v e nd u r i n g l u n c hh o u r s 23.I t c a nb e i n f e r r e d f r o mt h e t e x t t h a t p u b l i c s e r v i c e s .[A ]h a v eb e n e f i t e dm a n yp e o pl e [B ]a r e t h e f o c u s o f p u b l i c a t t e n t i o n [C ]a r e a n i n a p p r o p r i a t e s u b j e c t f o r h u m o r [D ]h a v e o f t e nb e e n t h e l a u g h i n g s t o c k 24.T o a c h i e v e t h e d e s i r e d r e s u l t ,h u m o r o u s s t o r i e s s h o u l db e d e l i v e r e d .[A ]i nw e l l -w o r d e d l a n g u a g e [B ]a s a w k w a r d l y a s p o s s i b l e [C ]i ne x a g ge r a t e d s t a t e m e n t s [D ]a s c a s u a l l y a s p o s s i b l e 25.T h eb e s t t i t l ef o r t h e t e x tm a y b e .[A ]U s eH u m o rE f f e c t i v e l y [B ]V a r i o u sK i n d s o fH u m o r [C ]A d dH u m o r t oS p e e c h [D ]D i f f e r e n tH u m o r S t r a t eg i e s S i n c e th e d a w no fh u m a ni n g e n u i t y ,p e o p l eh a v ed e v i s e de v e rm o r ec u n n i n g t o o l s t oc o p ew i t h w o r k t h a t i s d a n g e r o u s ,b o r i n g ,b u r d e n s o m e ,o rj u s t p l a i nn a s t y .T h a t c o m p u l s i o nh a s r e s u l t e d i n r o b o t i c s -t h e s c i e n c e o f c o n f e r r i n g v a r i o u s h u m a n c a p a b i l i t i e s o nm a c h i n e s .A n d i f s c i e n t i s t s h a v e y e t t o c r e a t e t h em e c h a n i c a l v e r s i o n o f s c i e n c e f i c t i o n ,t h e y h a v e b e gu n t o c o m e c l o s e .A s a r e s u l t ,t h em o d e r nw o r l d i s i n c r e a s i n g l yp o p u l a t e db y i n t e l l i g e n t g i z m o sw h o s e p r e s e n c ew e b a r e l y n o t i c eb u tw h o s e u n i v e r s a l e x i s t e n c e h a s r e m o v e dm u c hh u m a n l a b o r .O u r f a c t o r i e s h u mt o t h e r h y t h mo f r o b o t a s s e m b l y a r m s .O u r b a n k i n gi s d o n e a t a u t o m a t e d t e l l e r t e r m i n a l s t h a t t h a n ku sw i t h m e c h a n i c a l p o l i t e n e s s f o r t h e t r a n s a c t i o n .O u r s u b w a y t r a i n s a r e c o n t r o l l e db y ti r e l e s s r o b o t -d r i v e r s .A n d t h a n k s t ot h ec o n t i n u a lm i n i a t u r i z a t i o no fe l e c t r o n i c sa n d m i c r o -m e c h a n i c s ,t h e r ea r ea l r e a d y r o b o t s y s t e m s t h a t c a n p e r f o r ms o m ek i n d s o f b r a i na n db o n e s u r g e r y w i t hs u b m i l l i m e t e r a c c u r a c y -f a rg r e a t e r p r e c i s i o n th a nhi g h l y s k i l l e d p h y s i c i a n s c a na c h i e v ew i t h t h e i r h a n d s a l o n e .B u t i f r o b o t s a r e t o r e a c h t h e n e x t s t a g e o f l a b o r s a v i n g u t i l i t y ,t h e y w i l l h a v e t o o pe r a t ew i t h l e s s h u m a n s u p e r v i s i o n a n db e a b l e t om a k e a t l e a s t af e wd e c i s i o n s f o r t h e m s e l v e s -g o a l s th a t p o s e a r e a l c h a l l e n g e . W hi l e w ek n o w h o w t ot e l lar o b o tt oh a n d l eas p e c i f i ce r r o r , s a y s D a v e L a v e r y ,本资料由微信公众号-世纪高教在线-整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线2002年真题 第4 页m a n a g e r o f ar o b o t i c s p r o g r a m a tN A S A , w ec a n t y e t g i v ear o b o te n o u gh c o m m o ns e n s e t o r e l i a b l y i n t e r a c tw i t had y n a m i cw o r l d . I n d e e d t h e q u e s t f o r t r u e a r t i f i c i a l i n t e l l i g e n c e h a s p r o d u c e d v e r y m i x e d r e s u l t s .D e s p i t e a s p e l l o f i n i t i a l o p t i m i s mi n t h e 1960s a n d 1970sw h e n i t a p p e a r e d t h a t t r a n s i s t o r c i r c u i t s a n dm i c r o pr o c e s s o r s m i g h t b e a b l e t o c o p y t h e a c t i o n o f t h e h u m a n b r a i n b y t h e y e a r 2010,r e s e a r c h e r s l a t e l y h a v e b e g u n t o e x t e n d t h a t f o r e c a s t b y d e c a d e s i f n o t c e n t u r i e s .W h a t t h e y f o u n d ,i na t t e m p t i n g t o m o d e l t h o u g h t ,i s t h a t t h eh u m a nb r a i n sr o u g h l y o n eh u n d r e d b i l l i o nn e r v e c e l l s a r em u c hm o r e t a l e n t e d -a n dh u m a n p e r c e p t i o n f a rm o r e c o m p l i c a t e d -t h a n p r e v i o u s l y i m a g i n e d .T h e y h a v e b u i l t r o b o t s t h a t c a n r e c o g n i z e t h e e r r o r o f am a c h i n e p a n e l b y a f r a c t i o n o f am i l l i m e t e r i nac o n t r o l l e df a c t o r y e n v i r o n m e n t .B u tt h eh u m a n m i n dc a n g l i m p s ear a p i d l y c h a n g i n g s c e n ea n d i m m e d i a t e l y d i s r e g a r d t h e 98p e r c e n t t h a t i s i r r e l e v a n t ,i n s t a n t a n e o u s l y f o c u s i n g o n t h em o n k e y at t h e s i d e o f aw i n d i n g f o r e s t r o a d o r t h e s i n g l e s u s p i c i o u s f a c e i n a b i g c r o w d .T h em o s t a d v a n c e d c o m p u t e r s y s t e m s o nE a r t h c a n t a p p r o a c h t h a t k i n d o f a b i l i t y,a n dn e u r o s c i e n t i s t s s t i l l d o n t k n o w q u i t e h o ww e d o i t .26.H u m a n i n g e n u i t y w a s i n i t i a l l y d e m o n s t r a t e d i n .[A ]t h eu s e o fm a c h i n e s t o p r o d u c e s c i e n c e f i c t i o n [B ]t h ew i d eu s e o fm a c h i n e s i nm a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r y [C ]t h e i n v e n t i o no f t o o l s f o r d i f f i c u l t a n dd a n ge r o u sw o r k [D ]t h e e l i t e s c u n n i n g t a c k l i n g of d a ng e r o u s a n db o r i n g wo r k 27.T h ew o r d g i z m o s (L i n e 1,P a r a g r a p h2)m o s t p r o b a b l y m e a n s .[A ]p r o g r a m s [B ]e x p e r t s [C ]d e v i c e s[D ]c r e a t u r e s28.A c c o r d i n g t o t h e t e x t ,w h a t i s b e y o n dm a n s a b i l i t y n o wi s t od e s i g na r o b o t t h a t c a n .[A ]f u l f i l l d e l i c a t e t a s k s l i k e p e r f o r m i n g b r a i n s u r g e r y [B ]i n t e r a c tw i t hh u m a nb e i n g s v e r b a l l y[C ]h a v e a l i t t l e c o m m o n s e n s e [D ]r e s p o n d i n d e p e n d e n t l y t o a c h a n g i n g w o r l d 29.B e s i d e s r e d u c i n g h u m a n l a b o r ,r o b o t s c a na l s o .[A ]m a k e a f e wd e c i s i o n s f o r t h e m s e l v e s[B ]d e a lw i t hs o m e e r r o r sw i t hh u m a n i n t e r v e n t i o n [C ]i m p r o v e f a c t o r y e n v i r o n m e n t s [D ]c u l t i v a t eh u m a n c r e a t i v i t y 30.T h e a u t h o r u s e s t h e e x a m p l e o f am o n k e y t o a r g u e t h a t r o b o t s a r e .[A ]e x p e c t e d t o c o p y h u m a nb r a i n i n i n t e r n a l s t r u c t u r e [B ]a b l e t o p e r c e i v e a b n o r m a l i t i e s i m m e d i a t e l y[C ]f a r l e s s a b l e t h a nh u m a nb r a i n i n f o c u s i n g o n r e l e v a n t i n f o r m a t i o n [D ]b e s t u s e d i na c o n t r o l l e d e n v i r o n m e n tC o u l d t h e b a d o l d d a y s o f e c o n o m i c d e c l i n e b e a b o u t t o r e t u r n ?S i n c eO P E Ca g r e e d t o s u p p l y -c u t s i n M a r c h ,t h e p r i c eo fc r u d eo i lh a s j u m p e dt oa l m o s t $26ab a r r e l ,u p f r o ml e s st h a n $10l a s tD e c e m b e r .T h i s n e a r -t r i p l i n g o f o i l p r i c e s c a l l s u p s c a r y m e m o r i e s o f t h e 1973o i l s h o c k ,w h e n p r i c e s 本资料由微信公众号-世纪高教在线-整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线2002年真题 第5 页q u a d r u p l e d ,a n d 1979-1980,w h e n t h e y a l s o a l m o s t t r i pl e d .B o t h p r e v i o u s s h o c k s r e s u l t e d i n d o u b l e -d i g i t i n f l a t i o n a n d g l o b a l e c o n o m i c d e c l i n e .S ow h e r e a r e t h e h e a d l i n e sw a r n i n g o f gl o o ma n d d o o mt h i s t i m e ?T h eo i l p r i c e w a s g i v e n a n o t h e r p u s h u p t h i s w e e k w h e n I r a q s u s p e n d e d o i l e x po r t s .S t r e n g t h e n i n g e c o n o m i c g r o w t h ,a t t h es a m et i m ea sw i n t e r g r i p st h en o r t h e r nh e m i s p h e r e ,c o u l d p u s h t h e p r i c eh i g h e r s t i l l i n t h e s h o r t t e r m.Y e t t h e r e a r e g o o d r e a s o n s t o e x p e c t t h e e c o n o m i c c o n s e qu e n c e s n o wt o b e l e s s s e v e r e t h a n i n t h e 1970s .I nm o s t c o u n t r i e s t h e c o s t o f c r u d e o i l n o wa c c o u n t s f o r a s m a l l e r s h a r eo f t h e p r i c eo f p e t r o l t h a n i t d i d i nt h e1970s .I nE u r o p e ,t a x e sa c c o u n t f o ru p t of o u r -f i f t h so f t h er e t a i l p r i c e ,s oe v e n q u i t eb i g c h a n g e s i n t h e p r i c e o f c r u d eh a v e am o r em u t e d e f f e c t o n p u m pp r i c e s t h a n i n t h e p a s t .R i c he c o n o m i e s a r e a l s o l e s s d e p e n d e n t o no i l t h a n t h e y w e r e ,a n ds o l e s s s e n s i t i v e t os w i n g s i n t h e o i l p r i c e .E n e r g y c o n s e r v a t i o n ,as h i f t t oo t h e r f u e l sa n dad e c l i n e i nt h e i m p o r t a n c eo fh e a v y,e n e r g y -i n t e n s i v e i n d u s t r i e s h a v e r e d u c e d o i l c o n s u m p t i o n .S o f t w a r e ,c o n s u l t a n c y a n dm o b i l e t e l e p h o n e s u s e f a r l e s s o i l t h a n s t e e l o r c a r p r o d u c t i o n .F o r e a c hd o l l a ro fG D P (i nc o n s t a n t p r i c e s )r i c he c o n o m i e sn o wu s en e a r l y 50%l e s s o i l t h a n i n 1973.T h eO E C De s t i m a t e s i n i t s l a t e s t E c o n o m i c O u t l o o k t h a t ,i f o i l p r i c e s a v e r a g e d$22a b a r r e l f o r a f u l l y e a r ,c o m pa r e dw i t h $13i n 1998,t h i sw o u l d i n c r e a s e t h e o i l i m p o r tb i l l i n r ic he c o n o m i e sb y o n l y 0.25-0.5%o fG D P .T h a t i s l e s s t h a no n e -q u a r t e ro f t h e i n c o m e l o s s i n 1974o r 1980.O n t h eo t h e rh a nd ,o i l -i m p o r t i n ge m e r g i n g e c o n o m i e s -t ow h i c hh e a v y i n d u s t r y h a s s h if t e d -h a v eb e c o m em o r e e n e rg y -i n t e n s i v e ,a n d s o c o u l db em o r e s e r i o u s l y s q u e e z e d .O n em o r e r e a s o n n o t t o l o s e s l e e p o v e r th e ri s e i n o i l p r i c e s i s t h a t ,u n l i k e t h e r i s e s i n t h e 1970s ,i t h a s n o t o c c u r r e d a g a i n s t t h e b a c k g r o u n d o f g e n e r a l c o m m o d i t y -p r i c e i n f l a t i o n a n d g l o b a l e x c e s s d e m a n d .As i z a b l e p o r t i o no f t h ew o r l d i s o n l yj u s t e m e r g i n g f r o me c o n o m i c d e c l i n e .T h e E c o n o m i s t s c o m m o d i t yp r i c e i n d e x i s b r o a d l y u n c h a n g i n g f r o ma y e a r a g o .I n 1973c o m m o d i t y p r i c e s j u m p e d b y 70%,a n d i n 1979b ya l m o s t 30%.31.T h em a i n r e a s o n f o r t h e l a t e s t r i s e o f o i l pr i c e i s .[A ]g l o b a l i n f l a t i o n [B ]r e d u c t i o n i n s u p p l y [C ]f a s t g r o w t h i ne c o n o m y[D ]I r a q s s u s p e n s i o no f e x p o r t s 32.I t c a nb e i n f e r r e d f r o mt h e t e x t t h a t t h e r e t a i l p r i c e o f p e t r o lw i l l g o u p d r a m a t i c a l l y i f .[A ]p r i c e o f c r u d e r i s e s [B ]c o m m o d i t yp r i c e s r i s e [C ]c o n s u m p t i o n r i s e s [D ]o i l t a x e s r i s e 33.T h e e s t i m a t e s i n E c o n o m i c O u t l o o k s h o wt h a t i n r i c hc o u n t r i e s .[A ]h e a v y i n d u s t r y b e c o m e sm o r e e n e r g y -i n t e n s i v e [B ]i n c o m e l o s sm a i n l y r e s u l t s f r o mf l u c t u a t i n g c r u d e o i l p r i c e s [C ]m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r y h a s b e e n s e r i o u s l y s qu e e z e d [D ]o i l p r i c e c h a n g e s h a v en o s i g n i f i c a n t i m p a c t o nG D P 34.W e c a nd r a wa c o n c l u s i o n f r o mt h e t e x t t h a t .[A ]o i l -p r i c e s h o c k s a r e l e s s s h o c k i n g n o w [B ]i n f l a t i o n s e e m s i r r e l e v a n t t oo i l -p r i c e s h o c k s [C ]e n e r g y c o n s e r v a t i o n c a nk e e p d o w n t h e o i l p r i c e s 本资料由微信公众号-世纪高教在线-整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线2002年真题 第6 页[D ]t h e p r i c e r i s e o f c r u d e l e a d s t o t h e s h r i n k i n g o f h e a v y i n d u s t r y 35.F r o mt h e t e x tw e c a n s e e t h a t t h ew r i t e r s e e m s .[A ]o p t i m i s t i c [B ]s e n s i t i v e [C ]g l o o m y [D ]s c a r e dT h eS u p r e m eC o u r t s d e c i s i o n s o n p h y s i c i a n -a s s i s t e d s u i c i d e c a r r y i m p o r t a n t i m pl i c a t i o n s f o r h o w m e d i c i n e s e e k s t o r e l i e v e d y i n gp a t i e n t s o f p a i na n d s u f f e r i n g .A l t h o u g h i t r u l e d t h a t t h e r e i sn o c o n s t i t u t i o n a l r i g h t t o p h y s i c i a n -a s s i s t e ds u i c i d e ,t h eC o u r t i n e f f e c t s u p p o r t e d t h em e d i c a l p r i n c i p l e o f d o u b l e e f f e c t , a c e n t u r i e s -o l dm o r a l p r i n c i p l eh o l d i n g t h a t a na c t i o nh a v i n g t w oe f f e c t s -a g o o do n et h a t i s i n t e n d e da n dah a r m f u l o n et h a t i s f o r e s e e n-i s p e r m i s s i b l e i f t h e a c t o r i n t e n d s o n l y th e g o o d e f f e c t .D o c t o r sh a v eu s e d t h a t p r i n c i p l e i n r e c e n t y e a r s t o j u s t i f y u s i n g h i g hd o s e s o fm o r ph i n e t o c o n t r o l t e r m i n a l l y i l l p a t i e n t s p a i n ,e v e n t h o u g h i n c r e a s i n g d o s a g e sw i l l e v e n t u a l l y k i l l t h e p a t i e n t .N a n c y D u b l e r ,d i r e c t o ro f M o n t e f i o r e M e d i c a lC e n t e r ,c o n t e n d st h a t t h e p r i n c i pl ew i l l s h i e l d d o c t o r sw h o u n t i l n o wh a v ev e r y ,v e r y s t r o n g l y i n s i s t e d t h a t t h e y c o u l dn o t g i v e p a t i e n t s s u f f i c i e n t m e d i c a t i o n t o c o n t r o l t h e i r p a i n i f t h a tm i gh t h a s t e nd e a t h .G e o r g eA n n a s ,c h a i r o f t h e h e a l t h l a wd e p a r t m e n t a t B o s t o nU n i v e r s i t y ,m a i n t a i n s t h a t ,a s l o n ga s a d o c t o r p r e s c r ib e s a d r u g f o r a l e g i t i m a t em e d ic a l p u r p o s e ,t h ed o c t o r h a s d o ne n o t h i n g i l l e g a l e v e n if t h e p a t i e n t u s e s t h e d r ug t oh a s t e nd e a t h . I t s li k e s u r g e r y , h e s a y s . W e d o n t c a l l t h o s e d e a t h s h o m i c i d e s b e c a u s e t h e d o c t o r s d i d n t i n t e n d t ok i l l t h e i r p a t i e n t s ,a l t h o u g h t h e y r i s k e d t h e i r d e a t h .I f y o u r e a p h y s i c i a n ,y o u c a n r i s k y o u r p a t i e n t s s u i c i d e a s l o n g a s y o ud o n t i n t e n d t h e i r s u i c i d e . O na n o t h e r l e v e l ,m a n y i nt h em e d i c a l c o m m u n i t y a c k n o w l e d ge t h a t t h ea s s i s t e d -s u i c i d ed e b a t e h a s b e e nf u e l e di n p a r tb y t h ed e s p a i ro f p a t i e n t sf o r w h o m m o d e r n m e d i c i n eh a s p r o l o ng e dth e p h y si c a l a g o n y o f d y i n g .J u s t t h r e ew e e k s b e f o r e t h eC o u r t s r u l i n g o n p h y s i c i a n -a s s i s t e d s u i c i d e ,t h eN a t i o n a l A c a d e m y o f S c i e n c e (N A S )r e l e a s e da t w o -v o l u m e r e p o r t ,A p p r o a c h i n g D e a t h :I m p r o v i n g C a r ea t t h eE n do f L i f e .I t i d e n t i f i e s t h eu n d e r t r e a t m e n to f p a i na n dt h ea g g r e s s i v eu s eo f i n e f f e c t u a l a n df o r c e d m e d i c a l p r o c e d u r e s t h a tm a y p r o l o n g a n d e v e n d i s h o n o r t h e p e r i o d o f d y i n g a s t h e t w i n p r o b l e m s o f e n d -o f -l i f e c a r e .T h e p r o f e s s i o n i s t a k i n g s t e p s t o r e q u i r e y o u n g d o c t o r s t o t r a i n i nh o s p i c e s ,t o t e s t k n o w l e d ge of ag g r e s s i v e p a i nm a n a g e m e n t th e r a pi e s ,t o d e v e l o p aM e d i c a r e b i l l i n g c o d e f o r h o s pi t a l -b a s e d c a r e ,a n d t od e v e l o p n e ws t a n d a r d s f o r a s s e s s i n g a n d t r e a t i n gp a i na t t h e e n do f l i f e .A n n a s s a y s l a w y e r sc a n p l a y ak e y r o l e i n i n s i s t i n g t h a t t h e s ew e l l -m e a n i n g m e d i c a l i n i t i a t i v e s t r a n s l a t e i n t o b e t t e r c a r e . L a r g e n u m b e r s o f p h y s i c i a n s s e e mu n c o n c e r n e dw i t h t h e p a i n t h e i r p a t i e n t s a r en e e d l e s s l y a n d p r e d i c t a b l y s u f f e r i n g ,t o t h e e x t e n t t h a t i t c o n s t i t u t e s s ys t e m a t i c p a t i e n t a b u s e .H e s a y sm e d i c a l l i c e n s i n g b o a r d s m u s tm a k e i t c l e a r ...t h a t p a i n f u l d e a t h sa r e p r e s u m p t i v e l y o n e s t h a t a r e i n c o m p e t e n t l y m a n a g e d a n d s h o u l d r e s u l t i n l i c e n s e s u s p e n s i o n . 本资料由微信公众号-世纪高教在线-整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧世纪高教在线2002年真题 第7 页36.F r o mt h e f i r s t t h r e e p a r a g r a p h s ,w e l e a r n t h a t .[A ]d o c t o r s u s e d t o i n c r e a s e d r u g d o s a g e s t o c o n t r o l t h e i r p a t i e n t s p a i n [B ]i t i s s t i l l i l l e g a l f o r d o c t o r s t oh e l p t h e d y i n g en d t h e i r l i v e s [C ]t h eS u p r e m eC o u r t s t r o n g l y o p p o s e s p h ys i c i a n -a s s i s t e d s u i c i d e [D ]p a t i e n t s h a v en o c o n s t i t u t i o n a l r i g h t t o c o m m i t s u i c i d e 37.W h i c ho f t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s t r u e a c c o r d i n g t o t h e t e x t ?[A ]D o c t o r sw i l l b eh e l d g u i l t y i f t h e y r i s k t h e i r p a t i e n t s d e a t h .[B ]M o d e r nm e d i c i n eh a s a s s i s t e d t e r m i n a l l y i l l p a t i e n t s i n p a i n l e s s r e c o v e r y.[C ]T h eC o u r t r u l e d t h a t h i g h -d o s a g e p a i n -r e l i e v i n g m e d i c a t i o n c a nb e p r e s c r i b e d .[D ]Ad o c t o r sm e d i c a t i o n i s n o l o n g e r j u s t i f i e db y hi s i n t e n t i o n s .38.A c c o r d i n g t o t h eN A S s r e p o r t ,o n e o f t h e p r o b l e m s i ne n d -o f -l i f e c a r e i s .[A ]p r o l o n g e dm e d i c a l p r o c e d u r e s [B ]i n a d e qu a t e t r e a t m e n t o f p a i n [C ]s y s t e m a t i c d r u g ab u s e [D ]i n s u f f ic i e n t h o s p i t a l c a r e 39.W h i c ho f t h e f o l l o w i n g b e s tdef i n e s t h ew o r d ag g r e s s i v e (L i n e 3,P a r a g r a ph7)?[A ]B o l d .[B ]H a r m f u l .[C ]C a r e l e s s .[D ]D e s p e r a t e .40.G e o r g eA n n a sw o u l d p r o b a b l y a g r e e t h a t d o c t o r s s h o u l db e p u n i s h e d i f t h e y .[A ]m a n a g e t h e i r p a t i e n t s i n c o m p e t e n t l y [B ]g i v e p a t i e n t sm o r em e d i c i n e t h a nn e e d e d [C ]r e d u c e d r u g d o s a ge sf o r t h e i r p a t i e n t s [D ]p r o l o ng th e n e e d l e s s s u f f e ri n g o f t h e p a t i e n t s P a r t BD i r e c t i o n s :R e a d t h e f o l l o w i n g t e x t c a r e f u l l y a n d t h e n t r a n s l a t e t h e u n d e r l i n e d s e g m e n t s i n t oC h i n e s e .Y o u r t r a n s l a t i o n s h o u l db ew r i t t e n c l e a r l y o nA N S WE RS H E E T2.(10p o i n t s )A l m o s t a l l o u rm a j o r p r o b l e m s i n v o l v eh u m a nb e h a v i o r ,a n dt h e y c a n n o tb es o l v e db yp h ys i c a l a n db i o l o g i c a l t e c h n o l o g y a l o n e .W h a t i s n e e d e d i s a t e c h n o l o g y of b e h a v i o r ,b u tw e h a v e b e e n s l o wt o d e v e l o p t h e s c i e n c e f r o m w h i c h s u c h a t e c h n o l og y m i gh t b e d r a w n .(41)O n e di f f i c u l t y i s t h a t a l m o s t a l l o fw h a t i s c a l l e db e h a v i o r a l s c i e n c ec o n t i n u e s t o t r a c eb e h a v i o r t os t a t e so fm i n d ,f e e l i n g s ,t r a i t so f c h a r a c t e r ,h u m a n n a t u r e ,a n d s o o n .P h y s i c s a n d b i o l o g y o n c e f o l l o w e d s i m i l a r pr a c t i c e s a n d a d v a n c e d o n l y w h e n t h e y d i s c a r d e d t h e m.(42)T h e b e h a v i o r a l s c i e n c e s h a v e b e e n s l o wt o c h a n g e p a r t l y be c a u s e t h e e x p l a n a t o r y i t e m s of t e n s e e mt o b e d i r e c t l y o b s e r v e d a n d p a r t l y b e c a u s e o t h e r k i n d s o f e x p l a n a t i o n s h a v e b e e nh a r d t o f i n d .T h e e n v i r o n m e n t i s o b v i o u s l y i m p o r t a n t ,b u t i t s r o l e h a s r e m a i n e d o b s c u r e .I t d o e s n o t p u s ho r p u l l ,i t s e l e c t s ,a n d t h i s f u n c t i o n i s d i f f i c u l t t o d i s c o v e r a n d a n a l y z e .(43)T h e r o l e o f n a t u r a l s e l e c t i o n i n e v o l u t i o nw a s f o r m u l a t e d o n l y a l i t t l em o r e t h a nah u n d r e d y e a r s ag o ,a n d th e s e l e c ti v e r o l e o f t h e e n v i r o n m e n t i n s h a p i n g a n dm a i n t a i n i n g t h e b e h a v i o r o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l i s o n l y b e g i n n i n g t o b e r e c o gn i z e d a n d s t u d i e d .A s t h e i n t e r a c t i o nb e t w e e no r ga n i s ma n de n v i r o n m e n t h a s c o m e t ob eu n d e r s t o o d ,h o w e v e r ,e f f ec t s o n c ea s s i g n e dt os t a t e so f m i nd ,fe e l i n g s ,a n dt r a i t sa r eb e g i n n i n g t ob et r a c e dt oa c c e s s i b l e c o n d i t i o n s ,a n dat e c h n o l o g y o fb e h a v i o r m a y t h e r ef o r eb e c o m ea v a i l a b l e .I t w i l ln o ts o l v eo u r p r o b l e m s ,h o w e v e r ,u n t i l i t r e p l a c e s t r a d i t i o n a l p r e s c i e n t i f i c v i e w s ,a n d t h e s e a r e s t r o ng l y e n t r e n ch e d .本资料由微信公众号-世纪高教在线-整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧。
全国硕士学位研究生入学统一考试英语试题1-4答案
medals would be a pie in the sky. What’s more, the
international exchanges has brought about the growth of
Li Ming
(126 words)
52. 参考范文
As is vividly betrayed in the chart above, the number of gold
medals which are snatched by P.R. China has been climbing and
growth of Chinese sports. The Opening-up and Reform since 1978
has improved the development of economy in China, which has
laid a solid foundation for the development of sports in
university to make contribution to the development of my
hometown, which is still one of the ten counties in poverty.
Best wishes to you!
Sincerely Yours
Section Ⅰ Use of English
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. C
2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题 (一)National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates (2002)考生注意事项1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则, 得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题。
2. 答题前, 考生应将答题卡上的”考生姓名”、”报考单位”、”考试语种”、”考生编号”等信息填写清楚, 并与准考证上的一致。
3. 全国硕士研究生入学考试英语分为试题 (一) 、试题 (二) 。
4. 本试题为试题 (一), 共4页 (1～4页) 。
考生必须在规定的时间内作答。
5. 试题 (一) 为听力部分。
该部分共有A、B、C三节, 所有答案都应填写或填涂在答题卡1上。
A、B两节必须用蓝 (黑) 圆珠笔答题, 注意字迹清楚。
C节必须用2B铅笔按照答题卡上的要求填涂, 如要改动, 必须用橡皮擦干净。
6. 听力考试进行时, 考生应先将答案写或标记在试题上, 然后在听力部分结束前专门留出的5分钟内, 将答案整洁地誊写或转涂到答题卡1上。
仅写或标记在试题上不给分。
Section I Listening ComprehensionDirections:This Section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:For Questions 1-5, you will hear an introduction about the life of Margaret Welch. While you listen, fill out the table with the informationyou’ve heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)Part BDirections:For questions 6-10, you will hear a talk by a well-known U.S. journalist. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)Besides reporters, who else were camped out for days outside the speaker’shome?One re porter got to the speaker’s apartment pretending to pay.The speaker believed the reporter wanted a picture of her lookingWhere is a correction to a false story usually placed?According to the speaker, the press Arraywill lose readers unless the editorsand the news directorsPart CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. After listening, you will have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. (10 points)Questions 11-13 are based on a report about children’s healthy development. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.11. What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup nexttime? [A] How much exercise they get every day.[B] What they are most worried about.[C] How long their parents accompany them daily.[D] What entertainment they are interested in.12. The academy suggests that children under age two ________.[A] get enough entertainment[B] have more activities[C] receive early education[D] have regular checkups13. According to the report, children’s bedrooms should ________.[A] be no place for play[B] be near a common area[C] have no TV sets[D] have a computer for studyQuestions 14-16 are based on the following talk about how to save money. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.14. According to the speaker, what should one pay special attention toif he wants to save up?[A] Family debts.[B] Bank savings.[C] Monthly bills.[D] Spending habits.15. How much can a person save by retirement if he gives up his pack-a-dayhabit?[A] $190,000.[B] $330,000.[C] $500,000.[D] $1,000,000.16. What should one do before paying monthly bills, if he wants toaccumulate wealth?[A] Invest into a mutual fund.[B] Use the discount tickets.[C] Quit his eating-out habit.[D] Use only paper bills and save coins.Questions 17-20 are based on an interview with Herbert A. Glieberman, a domestic-relations lawyer. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17-20.17. Which word best describes the lawyer’s prediction of the change indivorce rate?[A] Fall[B] Rise[C] V-shape[D] Zigzag18. What do people nowadays desire to do concerning their marriage?[A] To embrace changes of thought.[B] To adapt to the disintegrated family life.[C] To return to the practice in the ‘60s and ‘70s.[D] To create stability in their lives.19. Why did some people choose not to divorce 20 years ago?[A] They feared the complicated procedures.[B] They wanted to go against the trend.[C] They were afraid of losing face.[D] they were willing to stay together.20. Years ago a divorced man in a company would have ________.[A] been shifted around the country.[B] had difficulty being promoted.[C] enjoyed a happier life.[D] tasted little bitterness of disgrace.You now have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.THIS IS THE END OF SECTION IDO NOT READ OR WORK ON THE NEXT SECTIONUNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO CONTINUE全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题 (二)National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates (2002)考生注意事项1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则，得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题。
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题2002年
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题2002年(总分：80.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension{{/B}}(总题数：20，分数：10.00)A.between √B.beforeC.sinceter解析：[试题分析] 本题是一道词义辨析题。
[详细解答] between在此处为副词，含义为“(表示时间)之间”；before含义为“在……之前”；since的含义为“从……开始”；later的含义为“后来”。
A.afterB.byC.duringD.until √解析：[试题分析] 本题是一道词义搭配题。
[详细解答] after的含义为“在……之后”；by的含义为“到……之前”；during的含义为“在……期间”；“until”与not搭配，含义为“直到……才”，根据上下文，此处选D最合适。
A.meansB.methodC.medium √D.measure解析：[试题分析] 本题是一道词义辨析题。
[详细解答] A，B，D三项的含义都为“方式，方法，手段”；C的含义为“媒介”。
因为此处指的是报纸，所以选择C项最合适。
A.processpany √C.lightD.form解析：[试题分析] 本题是一道词义搭配题。
[详细解答] in the process of的含义为“在……过程之中”；in the company的含义为“与……一起”；in the light of的含义为“按照，根据……”;in the form of 的含为“以……的形式”。
根据上下文，此处选B最合适。
A.gatheredB.speeded √C.workedD.picked解析：[试题分析] 本题是一动词词义搭配题。
[详细解答] gather up含义为“收集，收拢(分散的东西)”；speed up的含义为“加速……”；work up的含义为“逐渐发展；改进”；pick up含义为“拣起”。
1980-2010年英语考研真题
2011考研英语使用说明（必读） 12010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 3 Section I Use of English 3Section II R eading Comprehension 4Part A 5Part B 11Part C 13Section ⅢWriting 14Part A 14Part B 142009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题15 Section I Use of English 15Section II R eading Comprehension 17Part A 17Part B 23Part C 25Section ⅢWriting 25Part A 25Part B 262009年考研英语真题答案272008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题29 Section I Use of English 29Section II R eading Comprehension 31Part A 31Part B 37Part C 39Section III Writing 40Part A 40Part B 402008年考研英语真题答案422007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题44 Section I Use of English 44Section II R eading Comprehension 47Part A 47Part B 54Part C 56Section III Writing 57Part A 57Part B 572007年考研英语真题答案582006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题60 Section I Use of English 60Section II R eading Comprehension 63Part A 63Part B 70Part C 72Section III Writing 73Part A 73Part B 732006年考研英语真题答案752005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题77 Section I Use of English 77Section II R eading Comprehension 80Part A 80Part B 87Part C 89Section III Writing 90Part A 90Part B 902005年考研英语真题答案922004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题94 Section I Listening Comprehension 94Part A 94Part B 94Part C 95Section II U se of English 97Section III Reading Comprehension 101Part A 101Part B 107Section IV Writing 1092004年考研英语真题答案1102003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题112 Section I Listening Comprehension 112Part A 112Part B 112Part C 113Section II U se of English 115Section III Reading Comprehension 119Part A 119Part B 126Section IV Writing 1262003年考研英语真题答案1282002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题130 Section I Listening Comprehension 130Part A 130Part B 131Part C 131Section II U se of English 134Section III Reading Comprehension 138Part A 138Part B 145Section IV Writing 1452002年考研英语真题答案1472001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题149 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 149Part A 149Part B 151Section II C loze Test 155Section III Reading Comprehension 159Section IV English-Chinese Translation 166 Section V W riting 1672001年考研英语真题答案1692000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题171 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 171Part A 171Part B 173Part C 174Section II C loze Test 179Section III Reading Comprehension 180Section IV English-Chinese Translation 188 Section V W riting 1892000年考研英语真题答案1901999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题192 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 192Part A 192Part B 194Part C 195Section II C loze Test 199Section III Reading Comprehension 201Section IV English-Chinese Translation 209 Section V W riting 2091999年考研英语真题答案2111998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题213 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 213Part A 213Part B 215Part C 216Section II C loze Test 220Section III Reading Comprehension 222Section IV English-Chinese Translation 230Section V W riting 2311998年考研英语真题答案2331997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题235 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 235Part A 235Part B 237Part C 238Section II C loze Test 242Section III Reading Comprehension 244Section IV English-Chinese Translation 251 Section V W riting 2521997年考研英语真题答案2541996年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题256 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 256Part A 256Part B 258Part C 259Section II C loze Test 263Section III Reading Comprehension 265Section IV English-Chinese Translation 272 Section V W riting 2731996年考研英语真题答案2741995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题276 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 276Part A 276Part B 278Part C 279Section II C loze Test 283Section III Reading Comprehension 285Section IV English-Chinese Translation 292 Section V W riting 2931995年考研英语真题答案2941994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题296 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 296Part A 296Part B 298Part C 299Section II C loze Test 303Section III Reading Comprehension 305Section IV English-Chinese Translation 311 Section V W riting 3121994年考研英语真题答案3141993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题316 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 316Section II R eading Comprehension 321Section III Cloze Test 326Section IV Error-detection and Correction 329 Section V E nglish-Chinese Translation 331Section VI Writing 3311993年考研英语真题答案3331992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题335 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 335Section II R eading Comprehension 340Section III Cloze Test 345Section IV Error-detection and Correction 347 Section V E nglish-Chinese Translation 349Section VI Writing 3501992年考研英语真题答案3511991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题353 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 353Section II R eading Comprehension 358Section III Cloze Test 363Section IV Error-detection and Correction 366 Section V E nglish-Chinese Translation 367Section VI Writing 3681991年考研英语真题答案3691990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题371 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 371Section II R eading Comprehension 373Section III Cloze Test 377Section IV Error-detection and Correction 379 Section V V erb Forms 381Section VI Chinese-English Translation 381 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 3821990年考研英语真题答案3841989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题386 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 386Section II R eading Comprehension 388Section III Cloze Test 393Section IV Error-detection and Correction 395 Section V V erb Forms 396Section VI Chinese-English Translation 397 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 3971989年考研英语真题答案3991988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题401 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 401Section II R eading Comprehension 403Section III Cloze Test 408Section IV Error-detection and Correction 410 Section V V erb Forms 411Section VI Chinese-English Translation 412 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 4121988年考研英语真题答案4141987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题416 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 416Section II R eading Comprehension 418Section III Structure and V ocabulary 422 Section IV Cloze Test 424Section V V erb Forms 426Section VI Error-detection and Correction 427 Section VII Chinese-English Translation 429 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 4291987年考研英语真题答案4311986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题433 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 433Section II C loze Test 435Section III Reading Comprehension 437Section IV Structure and V ocabulary 440 Section V E rror-detection and Correction 442 Section VI Verb Forms 444Section VII Chinese-English Translation 444 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 4451986年考研英语真题答案4461985年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题448 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 448Section II C loze Test 450Section III Reading Comprehension 453Section IV Structure and V ocabulary 454 Section V E rror-detection and Correction 456 Section VI Verb Forms 457Section VII Chinese-English Translation 458 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 4591985年考研英语真题答案4611984年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题464 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 464Section II C loze Test 469Section III Reading Comprehension 471Section IV Structure and V ocabulary 472 Section V E rror-detection and Correction 474 Section VI Verb Forms 476Section VII Chinese-English Translation 477 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 4771984年考研英语真题答案4791983年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题482Section I Structure and V ocabulary 482Section II V erb Forms 484Section III Error-detection 484Section IV Cloze Test 485Section V R eading Comprehension 488Section VI Structure and V ocabulary 489Section VII Chinese-English Translation 491Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 4911983年考研英语真题答案4931982年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题495Section I Structure and V ocabulary 495Section II V erb Forms 497Section III Error-detection 498Section IV Cloze Test 499Section V R eading Comprehension 501Section VI Chinese-English Translation 503Section VII English-Chinese Translation 5031982年考研英语真题答案5051981年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题507Section I Structure and V ocabulary 507Section II E rror-detection 510Section III Sentence Making 511Section IV Verb Forms 511Section V C loze Test 512Section VI Chinese-English Translation 513Section VII English-Chinese Translation 5131981年考研英语真题答案5161980年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题519Section I Use of Prepositions 519Section II V erb Tenses 519Section III Verb Forms 520Section IV Structure and V ocabulary 521Section V E rror-detection 523Section VI Chinese-English Translation 524Section VII English-Chinese Translation 5241980年考研英语真题答案527使用说明（必读）—爱你需要理由么？1. 本文件包括自我国研究生入学实行统考以来（1980—2010年）所有31套全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案。
2002年考研英语真题答案及解析
2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析第一部分英语知识应用试题解析一、文章总体分析本文主要介绍了计算机的发展对通信革命及人们的生存方式产生的影响。
文章第一段从早期的通信革命入手，指出在15、16世纪和20世纪之间发生了很多事情，特别是通信革命加快了步伐。
第二段接着提到20世纪计算机的出现极大地改变了这一进程。
第三段指出随着计算机的发展，我们步入了一个信息社会。
在计算机影响下，通信革命改变了我们的工作和休闲方式，也影响了我们的思考和感知方式。
在结尾部分，文章提到，当然，关于这种通信革命在经济、政治、社会和文化各方面的影响是利大于弊还是弊大于利，还存在争议。
二、试题具体解析1.[A]between在…当中，在空间、位置或时间的中间[B]before在此之前早些时候，在…前面[C]since自从…以后，以前[D]later后来，稍后，随后[答案]A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：时间副词的用法辨析。
解此题关键看两个方面，一是理解文章第一句话的含义：人们曾对20世纪电视的发展以及15世纪和16世纪印刷术的传播进行了比较。
二是注意转折连词yet的用法，yet一般标志着接下来的内容与前面的内容出现了较大的不同，如：She said she would be late,yet she arrived on time.（她说她会迟到，但她却准时到达了）。
文中第二句话结构非常简单，主语和谓语都无法体现与第一句话的强烈对照，这时只能通过空格里填入的时间状语来体现了，因此这个时间副词应与第一句话中的时间状语in the20th century和in the15th and16th centuries相呼应并对照。
接下来关键看这个时间副词表示的是哪个时间段，15、16世纪之前，20世纪之后还是两者之间。
其实我们从下文中的the19th century也可以推断出正确答案是between，即“然而，在这两个时段之间却发生了很多事情”。
-历年考研英语真题集含答案(word版)
资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除1980-2013年历年考研英语真题集含答案（word版）目录2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题- 2 -Section Ⅰ Use of English - 2 -Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension - 3 -Part A - 3 -Part B - 8 -Section III Writing - 11 -Party A - 11 -Part B - 11 -2013年考研英语真题答案- 12 -Part A - 12 -Part B: (20 points) - 13 -2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题- 13 -Section I Use of English - 13 -Section II Reading Comprehension - 15 -Part A - 15 -Part B - 21 -Section III Writing - 23 -Part A - 23 -Part B - 24 -2012考研英语真题答案 - 24 -2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题- 35 -Section I Use of English - 35 -Section II Reading Comprehension - 35 -Part A - 36 -Part B - 40 -Part C - 41 -Section Ⅲ Writing - 42 -Part A - 42 -Part B - 42 -2011年考研英语真题答案- 42 -2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题49Section I Use of English 49Section II Reading Comprehension 51Part A 51Part B 59Part C 61只供学习与交流。
20年考研英语历年真题及答案（可编辑）
20年考研英语历年真题及答案考研英语历年真题及答案使用说明必读 12010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 3 Section I Use of English 3Section II Reading Comprehension 4Part A 5Part B 11Part C 13Section ⅢWriting 14Part A 14Part B 142009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 15 Section I Use of English 15Section II Reading Comprehension 17Part A 17Part B 23Part C 25Section ⅢWriting 25Part A 25Part B 262009年考研英语真题答案272008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 29 Section I Use of English 29Section II Reading Comprehension 31 Part A 31Part B 37Part C 39Section III Writing 40Part A 40Part B 402008年考研英语真题答案422007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 44 Section I Use of English 44Section II Reading Comprehension 47 Part A 47Part B 54Part C 56Section III Writing 57Part A 57Part B 572007年考研英语真题答案582006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 60 Section I Use of English 60Section II Reading Comprehension 63 Part A 63Part B 70Part C 72Section III Writing 73Part A 73Part B 732006年考研英语真题答案752005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 77 Section I Use of English 77Section II Reading Comprehension 80 Part A 80Part B 87Part C 89Section III Writing 90Part A 90Part B 902005年考研英语真题答案922004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 94 Section I Listening Comprehension 94Part B 94Part C 95Section II Use of English 97Section III Reading Comprehension 101 Part A 101Part B 107Section IV Writing 1092004年考研英语真题答案1102003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 112 Section I Listening Comprehension 112Part A 112Part B 112Part C 113Section II Use of English 115Section III Reading Comprehension 119 Part A 119Part B 126Section IV Writing 1262003年考研英语真题答案1282002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 130 Section I Listening Comprehension 130Part B 131Part C 131Section II Use of English 134Section III Reading Comprehension 138 Part A 138Part B 145Section IV Writing 1452002年考研英语真题答案1472001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 149 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 149Part A 149Part B 151Section II Cloze Test 155Section III Reading Comprehension 159 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 166 Section V Writing 1672001年考研英语真题答案1692000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 171 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 171Part A 171Part B 173Section II Cloze Test 179Section III Reading Comprehension 180 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 188 Section V Writing 1892000年考研英语真题答案1901999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 192 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 192Part A 192Part B 194Part C 195Section II Cloze Test 199Section III Reading Comprehension 201 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 209 Section V Writing 2091999年考研英语真题答案2111998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 213 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 213Part A 213Part B 215Part C 216Section II Cloze Test 220Section III Reading Comprehension 222 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 230 Section V Writing 2311998年考研英语真题答案2331997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 235 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 235Part A 235Part B 237Part C 238Section II Cloze Test 242Section III Reading Comprehension 244 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 251 Section V Writing 2521997年考研英语真题答案2541996年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 256 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 256Part A 256Part B 258Part C 259Section II Cloze Test 263Section III Reading Comprehension 265 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 272Section V Writing 2731996年考研英语真题答案2741995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 276 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 276Part A 276Part B 278Part C 279Section II Cloze Test 283Section III Reading Comprehension 285 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 292 Section V Writing 2931995年考研英语真题答案2941994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 296 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 296Part A 296Part B 298Part C 299Section II Cloze Test 303Section III Reading Comprehension 305 Section IV English-Chinese Translation 311 Section V Writing 3121994年考研英语真题答案3141993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 316 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 316Section II Reading Comprehension 321 Section III Cloze Test 326Section IV Error-detection and Correction 329 Section V English-Chinese Translation 331 Section VI Writing 3311993年考研英语真题答案3331992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 335 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 335Section II Reading Comprehension 340 Section III Cloze Test 345Section IV Error-detection and Correction 347 Section V English-Chinese Translation 349 Section VI Writing 3501992年考研英语真题答案3511991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 353 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 353Section II Reading Comprehension 358 Section III Cloze Test 363Section IV Error-detection and Correction 366 Section V English-Chinese Translation 367Section VI Writing 3681991年考研英语真题答案3691990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 371 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 371Section II Reading Comprehension 373 Section III Cloze Test 377Section IV Error-detection and Correction 379 Section V Verb Forms 381Section VI Chinese-English Translation 381 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 382 1990年考研英语真题答案3841989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 386 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 386Section II Reading Comprehension 388 Section III Cloze Test 393Section IV Error-detection and Correction 395 Section V Verb Forms 396Section VI Chinese-English Translation 397 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 397 1989年考研英语真题答案3991988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 401 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 401Section II Reading Comprehension 403 Section III Cloze Test 408Section IV Error-detection and Correction 410 Section V Verb Forms 411Section VI Chinese-English Translation 412 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 412 1988年考研英语真题答案4141987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 416 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 416Section II Reading Comprehension 418 Section III Structure and Vocabulary 422 Section IV Cloze Test 424Section V Verb Forms 426Section VI Error-detection and Correction 427 Section VII Chinese-English Translation 429 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 429 1987年考研英语真题答案4311986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 433 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 433Section II Cloze Test 435Section III Reading Comprehension 437 Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 440Section V Error-detection and Correction 442 Section VI Verb Forms 444Section VII Chinese-English Translation 444 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 445 1986年考研英语真题答案4461985年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 448 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 448 Section II Cloze Test 450Section III Reading Comprehension 453 Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 454 Section V Error-detection and Correction 456 Section VI Verb Forms 457Section VII Chinese-English Translation 458 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 459 1985年考研英语真题答案4611984年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 464 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 464 Section II Cloze Test 469Section III Reading Comprehension 471 Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 472 Section V Error-detection and Correction 474 Section VI Verb Forms 476Section VII Chinese-English Translation 477 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 477 1984年考研英语真题答案4791983年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 482 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 482 Section II Verb Forms 484Section III Error-detection 484Section IV Cloze Test 485Section V Reading Comprehension 488 Section VI Structure and Vocabulary 489 Section VII Chinese-English Translation 491 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 491 1983年考研英语真题答案4931982年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 495 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 495 Section II Verb Forms 497Section III Error-detection 498Section IV Cloze Test 499Section V Reading Comprehension 501 Section VI Chinese-English Translation 503 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 503 1982年考研英语真题答案5051981年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 507 Section I Structure and Vocabulary 507 Section II Error-detection 510Section III Sentence Making 511Section IV Verb Forms 511Section V Cloze Test 512Section VI Chinese-English Translation 513 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 513 1981年考研英语真题答案5161980年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 519 Section I Use of Prepositions 519Section II Verb Tenses 519Section III Verb Forms 520Section IV Structure and Vocabulary 521 Section V Error-detection 523Section VI Chinese-English Translation 524 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 524 1980年考研英语真题答案527使用说明必读爱你需要理由么1 本文件包括19802010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案我花费逐字审校多方考证制作而成这是一份凝结着无限心血的以当今世界一流技术精心打造的美仑美奂至不可思议的不论内容还是形式均堪称一流的正确率接近词典级的文档囊括年真题可谓工程浩大功在当代利及千秋她美观准确引领中国互联网走向精致时代本文档由大家学习网出品首发试题及答案均经无数遍仔细校对是无比准确的电子版本正确率基本接近词典级但错误肯定还有请各位不吝指正请来大家论坛本文档发布帖跟帖指正为了感谢大家的指正为了打造真正词典级文档为了大幅度提高中国人民尤其是中国考生的生活品质窃以为词典级真题文本是考研复习资料中最最重要的基础设施本人筹措专款数千元用于奖励应该是绰绰有余了基本的奖励标准是一个标点符号2元一个单词3元一个句子5元错误遗漏多余等都算每处错误当然只能奖励一次当然奖给最先指正者纠错必须在本文档发布帖跟帖指出不是没有诚意因为你发在别处我未必能看见啊而且还有一个指正的先后顺序问题具体奖励办法请看专帖办法对于核实的错误会立即改正立即更新本文档真正实现有错知错知错就改的理想本文档的意义不仅在于方便广大考生备考也在于方便广大教师专家编著考研真题复习资料对于考生在电脑上学习英语的效率肯定会比书面上高查单词查资料非常方便学习变成了一种享受而且对于做错的题目或者尚有疑惑的题目可以来本站很方便地提出大家网已将每题一个帖子发好你连题目都不用发直接根据全部单题链接总目录或者在考研英语区用6位数标准题号搜索如2006年第5题的标准题号就是2006051990年第18题就是199018找到相应的题目跟帖提问便是请不要发新帖本文档版权归大家网所有任何网站此文档时不得将本文档用于商业用途不得破坏本作品的完整性不得清除本文档中大家学习网和作者标识必须在明显位置清楚注明转自大家学习网否则自行承担一切法律后果预祝大家轻松考出满意高分简称满分呵呵祝你成功阁明俊2010年1月16日2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirectionsRead the following text Choose the best word s for each numbered blank and mark [A] [B] [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1 10 points In 1924 Americas National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting workers productivity Instead the studies ended giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect" the extremely influential idea that the very to being experimented upon changed subjects behavior The idea arose because of the behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant According to of the experiments their hourly output rose when lighting was increased but also when it was dimmed It did not what was done in the experiment something was changed productivity rose A n that they were being experimented upon seemed to be to alter workers behavior itselfAfter several decades the same data were to econometric the analysis Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store the descriptions on record no systematic was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lightingIt turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may behave let to interpretation of what happed lighting was always changed on a Sunday When work started again on Monday output rose compared with the previous Saturday and to rise for the next couple of days a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday workers to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case before a plateau and then slackening off This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down1 [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2 [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off3 [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof4 [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous5 [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6 [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7 [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8 [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9 [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10 [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11 [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12 [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] peculiar to13 [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source14 [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15 [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16 [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17 [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued20 [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hittingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirectionsRead the following four texts Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A] [B] [C] or [D] Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 40 pointsText 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverageIt is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers Yet a considerable number ofthe most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailiesWe are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared In those far-off days it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered Theirs was a serious business and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman could be trusted to know what they were about These men believed in journalism as a calling and were proud to be published in the daily press So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism Newman wrote that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who areUnfortunately these critics are virtually forgotten Neville Cardus who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975 is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket During his lifetime though he was also one of Englands foremost classical-music critics a stylist so widely admired that hisAutobiography 1947 became a best-seller He was knighted in 1967 the first music critic to be so honored Yet only one of his books is now in print and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival The prospect seems remote Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized Moreover the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat21 It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies22 Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes[B] casual style[C] elaborate layout[D] radical viewpoints23 Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on[A] It is writers duty to fulfill journalistic goals[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing24 What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition25 What would be the best title for the text[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods Amazoncom received one for its "one-click" online payment system Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box Now the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago In a move that hasintellectual-property lawyers abuzz the US court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents In re Bilski as the case is known is "a very big deal" says Dennis D Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents"Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions Later move established companies raced to add such patents to their files if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch In 2005 IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them Similarly some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the courts judges rather than a typical panel of three and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whetherit should "reconsider" its state street Bank rulingThe Federal Circuits action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders Last April for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious The judges on the Federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court" says Harold C Wegner a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School26 Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27 Which of the following is true of the Bilski case[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the US28 The word "about-face" Line 1 Para 3 most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29 We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30 Which of the following would be the subject of the text[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals often called influentials who are unusually informed persuasive or well-connected The idea is intuitively compelling but it doesnt explain how ideas actually spreadThe supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication" Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence theinfluentials those selected people will do most of the work for them The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks brands or neighborhoods In many such cases a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing promoting or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work however some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed In fact they dont seem to be required of all The researchers argument stems from a simple observing about social influence with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey 梬hose outsize presence is primarily a function of media not interpersonal influence梕ven the most influential mem lbers of a population simply dont interact with that many others Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who according to the two-step-flow theory are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly For a social epidemic to occur however each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances who must in turn influence theirs and so on and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initialinfluential prove resistant for example from the initial influential prove resistant for example the cascade of change wont propagate very far or affect many peopleBuilding on the basic truth about interpersonal influence the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations manipulating a number of variables relating to peoples ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"–the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but rather of a critical mass of easily influenced people each of whom adopts say a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor Regardless of how influential an individual is locally he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction31 By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify peoples intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials32 The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory"[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33 What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34 The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35 what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence[A] The eagerness to be accepted[B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced[D] The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public Behind the scenes they have been taking aim at someone else the accountingstandard-setters Their rules moan the banks have forced them to report enormous losses and its just not fair These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetchUnfortunately banks lobbying now seems to be working The details may be unknowable but the independence of standard-setters essential to the proper functioning of capital markets is being compromised And unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers reviving the banking system will be difficultAfter a bruising encounter with Congress Americas Financial Accounting Standards Board FASB rushed through rule changes These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement Bob Herz the FASBs chairman cried out against those who "question our motives" Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management"European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board IASB do likewise The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong Charlie McCreevy a European commissioner warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yetdevelop different rulesIt was banks that were on the wrong planet with accounts that vastly overvalued assets Today they argue that market prices overstate losses because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets not the likely extent of bad debts The truth will not be known for years But banks shares trade below their book value suggesting that investors are skeptical And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargainsTo get the system working again losses must be recognized and dealt with Americas new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters The FASB and IASB have been exactly that cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions for example against hostility from special interests But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions36 Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers[D] reevaluate some of their assets37 According to the author the rule changes of the FASB may resultin[A] the diminishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking system[C] the banks long-term asset losses[D] the weakening of its independence38 According to Paragraph 4 McCreevy objects to the IASBs attempt to[A] keep away from political influences[B] evade the pressure from their peers[C] act on their own in rule-setting[D] take gradual measures in reform39 The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they[A] misinterpreted market price indicators[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets40 The authors attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A] satisfaction[B] skepticism[C] objectiveness[D] sympathyPart BDirections。