初中虚拟语气讲解及专项练习与答案带解析

虚拟语气讲解语气(mood) 是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。

英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。

直陈语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。

祈使语气(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。

虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。

一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。

真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。

如：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。

Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。

虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。

1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。

如：If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。

（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。

表示愿望。

）If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。

（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。

表示对他的良好印象。

）2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。

如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。

（事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。

表示后悔。

）If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning.今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。

（事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。

表示感激。

）3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)；should＋动词原形；were to＋动词原形，主句用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。

如：If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。

（事实是：我现在已经老了，明年我学不了法语了。

）If it should fail, I would try again.要是失败了，我会再试一次。

（事实是：有可能失败，可我会再试。

表示未知。

）虚拟语气专练1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.A. have readB. had readC. should have readD. are reading2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier you _____ him.A. come ,would meetB. had come, would have metC. come, will meetD. had come, would meet3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.A. should beB. would beC. have beenD. had been4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.A. speakB. spokeC. will speakD. to speak5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.A. wasB. wereC. has beenD. had been6.If the doctor had come earlier the poor child would not _____.A. have laid there for two hoursB. have been lied there for two hoursC. have lied there for two hoursD. have lain there for two hours7.I wish that I _____ with you last night.A. wentB. could goC. have goneD. could have gone8.Let’s say you could go there again how _____ feelA. will youB. should youC. would youD. do you9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everythin g.A. knewB. knowsC. has knownD. had known10._____ the fog we should have reached our school.A. Because ofB. In spite ofC. In case ofD. But for11.If you had told me in advance I _____ him at the airport.A. would meetB. would had metC. would have metD. would have meet12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how.A. teachesB. will teachC. has taughtD. would teach13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible but I _____ so busy then.A. had beenB. wereC. wasD. would be14.He’s working hard for fear that he _____.A. should fall behindB. fell behindC. may fall behindD. would fallen behind15.If it _____ another ten minutes the game would have been called off.A. had rainedB. would have rainedC. have seenD. rained16.He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting.A. ShouldB. wouldC. doD. had17.My father did not go to New York the doctor suggested that he _____ there.A. not wentB. won’t goC. not goD. not to go18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time.A. had hadB. have hadC. hadD. would have had19.Would you rather I _____ buying a new bikeA. decided againstB. will decide againstC. have decidedD. shall decide against20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____.A. go to sleepB. went to sleepC. go to bedD. went to bed21.—Why didn’t you buy a new car —I would have bought one if I _____ enough money.A. hadB. have hadC. would haveD. had had22.If she could sew _____.A. she make a dressB. she would have made a shirtC. she will make a shirtD. she would had made a coat23._____ today he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leaves24.His doctor suggested that he _____ a short trip abroad.A. will takeB. would takeC. takeD. took25.The Bakers arrived last night. If they’d only let us know earlier_____ at the station.A. we’d meet themB. we’ll meet themC. we’d have met themD. we’ve met them26.If I _____ you I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.A. was, shall payB. am, will payC. would be, would payD. were, would pay27.We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand.A. have not givenB. would not giveC. had not givenD. did not give28.The law requires that everyone _____ his car checked at least once a year.A. hasB. hadC. haveD. will have29.It is strange that he _____ so.A. would sayB. would speakC. should sayD. will speak30.Had I known her name _____A. or does she know mineB. and where does she liveC. she would be beautiful.D. I would have invited her to lunch.31.He has just arrived but he talks as if he _____ all about that.A. knowB. knowsC. knownD. knew32.If I _____ the money I would have bought a much bigger car.A. possessedB. ownedC. hadD. had had33.He was very busy yesterday otherwise he _____ to the meeting.A. would comeB. cameC. would have comeD. will come34.The librarian insists that John _____ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed.A. will takeB. tookC. takeD. takes35.I left very early last night but I wish I _____ so early.A. didn’t leaveB. hadn’t leftC. haven’t leftD. couldn’t leave36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____ no time.A. hadB. didn’t haveC. had hadD. have37.I wish that you _____ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.A. hadn’tB. didn’t have hadC. hadn’t hadD. hadn’t have38.He insisted that we all _____ in his office at one o’clock.A. beB. to beC. would beD. shall be39. -- Helen couldn’t go to France after all.--That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if _____.A. she’s goneB. she’ll goC. she’d goneD. she’d go40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _____ an hour before the discussion begins.A. goB. shall goC. will goD. would go1—5 BBDAD 6—10 DDCAD11—15 CDCAA16—20 ACAAD 21—25 DBCCC 26—30 DCCCD31—35 DDCCB 36—39 DCAC 解析：1.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。