2010--2014年全国新课标卷I高考英语完形填空试题分析
一
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引 言
文， 就能决定选择何项 为答 案 ； 词组层次指空格所需搭 配关系 ， 只要看 空格 前或 后的
完形填空是高考英语必考题 型之一 ， 且分值较 高。 完形
词便能决定填什么词 ； 句子层 次指一个 空格需要填什么词 ，
本句之 内就可以决定 ， 不用超 出句子 的范围 ； 语篇层次指空 格需要 填什么词 ， 光看本句还 不够 ， 还需要 超出句子 范围 ， 而在语篇层次上加以考虑才能决定 （ 李筱菊 ， ２ ０ ０ １ ： ３ ６ ） 。 图２ ． １ 考点效度层 次分布 图
２ ０ １ ０
２Ｏｌｌ ２０１ ２
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６ ８
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０ ｌ
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Ｏ ０
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０ ５
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能力 。试题的综合性越强 ， 其效度越高 。 语篇层次试题的综 合性要高于单词层次的试题 ， 也就是说 ， 语篇层次试题 的效 度要高于单词层次试 题的效度 。 表３ ． ３ ． １ ２ ０ １ ０ － － － ２ ０ １ ４年 高考英语 全国新课标卷 Ｉ 完形填空
度 分 析
低
系， 按 照从小到大 的顺序 ， 完形填空的考点包含 ４个不同的
层次： 单词层次 、 词组层次 、 句子层次和语篇层次。 单词层次
（ 一） 表 面效度分析
完 形填空在 于测试考生 综合运用语 言知识 的能力 ， 它
能够比较客观地反 映考生运用英语 的能力。命 题者有规律
２ ０ １ ５年 第 ２期 （ 总第 １ ６ ５期 ）
二、 考 点效 度 与 高考 完 形 填 空 的 关 系
考点效度是指是否考 了应 当考的能力 ，它反映 了考试
内容 与教学大纲或者考试大纲 的吻合程度。 效度高的试卷 ，
能够 较准确地测试 出学生 掌握和运用 所学知识 的真实度 。 根据教学大纲或考试大纲进行命 题 ，且试 题分数分配与学 时数分配基本保持一致 ， 成正 比关 系， 这是保证考试效度 的 基础 （ 聂建 中、 赵秀红 ， ２ ０ ０ ５ ｏ 考点效度主要包括表面效度 、 内容效度 、 结构效度三个方面。 高考完形填空题的考点效度和考点层次有着紧密的关 三、近五年高考英语全国新课标卷 Ｉ 完形填 空考点效
方 面进行分析 ， 研究发现 试题表 面效度不 高， 内容效度和结构效度有充分保证 。同时 ， 文章就 高考 完形填空的解题策略提 出 了一些尝试性的建议 ， 如利用文章 首句作为解题 突破 口， 辨析词义和短语 ， 熟悉 固定搭配等。
关键词 ： 完形填空 ； 效度 ； 表 面效度 ； 内容效度 ； 结构效度
高
填空 ， 也称综合 填空 ， 是将一篇短文根据一定 的规则或要求
删去其中的一些词 ，让考生根据上下文填 出删去词 的一种 测试方法 。完形填空也是一种测试综合语言能力 的测量手 段， 在完成 一篇完形填空 时 ， 考生不 仅要读懂 文章的 内容 ， 同时也要猜测缺失部分单词 的含义 ，所 以完形填空对 于教 师的教学和学生的考试来说都将是很大的挑战。
考 点 类型
年份
名 词 动 词 连 词 介 词
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命题 的， 主要考查 考生 的语法 、 词汇 、 习惯用语 和固定搭配 等的用法 ， 从 而可以得 出 ， 近五年全 国新课标卷 Ｉ 的高考英 语完 形填空具有 内容效度 （ 刘润清 、 韩 宝成 ， ２ ０ ０ ０ ： ４ ５ ） 。因
钟 尚润 朱 晓东 （ 赣 南师 范学 院外 国语 学 院 ， 江西 赣 州 ３ ４ １ ０ ０ ０ ）
摘
要： 完形填空是 高考英语试题 中固定且重要 的考试题型 ， 也是典型 的“ 智能混合 ” 题型。本文基 于考点效度概念 ， 以
近五年全 国新课 标卷 Ｉ 的完形填 空试题为文本 ， 通过采 用定量分析和数据 统计 的方 法从表 面效度 、 内容效度 、 结构效度三个
指在试题 中， 考生只要看单词本身 ， 无须看单词之外的上下
ｅａ ｃ ｈ ｎ ｉｇ Ｒ ｅ ｓ ｅ ａ Ｂ ａ 重 Ｉ Ｉ ｏ ｒ ９ Ｌ ａｎ ｇ 量 ； ｃ ｂ ！ ｎ ｓ ， ！ ￣ ＿ ＿ Ｅ ． ｄ ｕ ｃ ａ ｔ ！ ｏ ｎ ｕ ａ ￣ｅ Ｔ
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考 试 研 究
地或任意地删去某篇文章 中的一些词 ，让考生填入一个合 适的词。 ２ ０ １ ０至 ２ ０ １ ４ 年全 国新课标卷 Ｉ 高考英语 完形填空
４ ６题 ） 。以上统计 ， 我们可以从 中发现近五年全国新课标卷 Ｉ 的完形 填空是按照高考考试大纲 中对语言知识 的要求来
童 Ｉ ９ ｇ 基碍 赣 尊 育 ｎ ｌ ｇ 外 皇 语 鞍 学 璺 研究 ｃ ｎ ｌ ｎ ｇ ＆ ｌ Ｒ ｌ 璺 辨 尊 嘞ｉ ｎ 髓 Ｅ ｄ ｕ ｃ ａ ｔ ！ ｏ ［ Ｉ
考 试 研 究
２ ０ １ ０ －２ ０ １ ４ 年全国新课标卷 Ｉ 高考英语 完形填空试题分析
试题显示 ， 完形填空都是 由一篇 短文组成 ， ２ ０ １ ０至 ２ ０ １ ３ 年
主要出现在试卷中的 ３ ６至 ５ ５小题 ， 而２ ０ １ ４年题 型位 置有 所改变 ，出现在 ４ １至 ６ ０小题 ，共有 ２ ０个空 ，每小题 １ ． ５ 分， 共计 ３ Ｏ分 ， 要求 考生从每题 所给的 ４个选 项 中选 出最 佳选项 ， 使补足后的短文意思通顺 、 前 后连贯 、 结 构完 整。 表３ ． １ ． １ ２ ０ １ ０ － － － ２ ０ １ ４年 高考英语全 国新课标卷 Ｉ 完形填空
此， 在分析完形填空试题的 内容效度时 ， 试题编制应该按 照 高考考试大纲 中对语 言知识的要求 来命 题 ，注重知识 点的 考查 ， 增加试题 的内容效度 。
（ 三） 结 构 效 度 分析
形 容
词
副 词 代 词
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Ｏ １
从考点层次的分类和定义可以看出 ，语 篇层次考点的 题 目比单词层次的题 目更能测试出受试 者综 合运用语 言的
高考英语全国卷2010 I 卷完形填空翻译与解析
全国卷完形填空真题解析2010 I重点单词短语：in his 80s 80多岁 [in one's后加十的倍数的年龄复数之类的表达，表示某人几十多岁。
如in his twenties, 在他二十多岁的时候。
]appointment/ə'pɔɪntmənt/ n.约会；任命appoint vt. 约定；任命，委派appointed hour 规定的时间in a hurry 匆忙be in a hurry to do sth be in a hurry for sth[ in a hurry是介词短语,介词短语句中发挥多重功能,可以做定语、状语和表语.作状语是和副词的功能一样.如：I go to school in a hurry.而作表语时作用和形容词类似,放在系动词be等之后,如：he was in a hurry for an appointment at 9:30. ]have sb do sth 让某人做某事it will/would be+一段时间+before...”为固定句型，意为“要过多久才……”也可用于“It+ may be+ 时间段 + before...”，表示“也许要过多久才……”。
before 后的句子中用一般现在时态。
其否定形式“It will/would not be +时间段+ before…”表示“过不了多久就……”。
examine/ ɪɡ'zæmɪn /v.（仔细地）检查；检验nursing home 疗养院hold sth↔back 抑制，忍住（眼泪、笑声等）；隐瞒hold sb/sth↔back 阻挡；妨碍进展Life is not about waiting for the passage of rainstorm but learning to dance in the rain.生命不是等待暴雨过去，而是学会在雨中起舞。
2010年高考英语完形填空练习题及答案解析
2010高考英語完形填空精講精練（1）（一）A Strange Greeting, a True Feeling Last week I was invited to a doctor‟s meeting at the Ruth hospital for incurables. In one of the wards a patient, an old man, got up shakily from his bed and moved towards me. I could see that he hadn't long to 1 , but he came up to me and placed his right foot close mine on the floor. “Frank！” I cried in astonishment. He couldn‟t 2 , as I knew, but all the time 3 his foot against mine.My 4 raced back more than thirty years to the 5 days of 1941, when I was a student in London. The 6 was an air-raid shelter, in which I and about hundred other people slept every night. Two of the regulars were Mrs. West and her son Frank.7 wartime problems, we shelter-dwellers got to 8 each other very well. Frank West 9 me because he wasn‟t10 , not even at birth. His mother told me he was 37 then, but he had 11 of a mind than a baby has. His “12 ” consisted of rough sounds——sounds of pleasure or anger and 13 more. Mrs. West, then about 75, was a strong, capable woman, as she had to be, of course, because Frank 14 on her entirely. He needed all the 15 of a baby.One night a policeman came and told Mrs. West that her house had been flattened by a 500-pounder. She 16 nearly everything she owned.When that sort of thing happened, the rest of us helped the 17 ones. So before we 18 that morning, I stood beside Frank and 19 my right foot against his. They were about the same size. That night, then, I took a pair of shoes to the shelter for frank. But as soon as he saw me he came running and placed his right foot against mine. After that, his 20 to me was always the same.1〃A〃work B〃stay C〃live D〃expect2〃A〃answer B〃speak C〃smile D〃laugh3〃A〃covering B〃moving C〃fighting D〃pressing4〃A〃minds B〃memories C〃thoughts D〃brains5〃A〃better B〃dark C〃younger D〃old6〃A〃cave B〃place C〃sight D〃scene7〃A〃Discussing B〃Solving C〃Sharing D〃Suffering8〃A〃learn from B〃talk to C〃help D〃know9〃A〃needed B〃recognized C〃interested D〃encouraged10〃A〃normal B〃common C〃unusual D〃quick11〃A〃more B〃worse C〃fewer D〃less12〃A〃word B〃speech C〃sentence D〃language13〃A〃not B〃no C〃something D〃nothing14〃A〃fed B〃kept C〃lived D〃depended15〃A〃attention B〃control C〃treatment D〃management 16〃A〃lost B〃needed C〃destroyed D〃left17〃A〃troublesome B〃unlucky C〃angry D〃unpopular18〃A〃separated B〃went C〃reunited D〃returned19〃A〃pushed B〃tried C〃showed D〃measured20〃A〃nodding B〃greeting C〃meeting D〃acting參考答案及解析1—5 CADBB 6—10 DCDCA 11—15 DBBDA 16—20 ABADB1〃C 上文的“incurables"表明這位老人是不治之症患者，存活的時間不會太長。
2010年高考全国卷1英语完形填空试题答案解析
It was a busy morning,about 8:30,when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to thehospital .I heard him saying to the nurse that he was in a hurry for all appointment（约会）at 9:30The nurse had him take a 36 in the waiting area, 37 him it would be at least 40Minutes 38 someone would be able to see him I saw him 39 his watch and decided,since I was 40 busy—my patient didn't 41 at the appointed hour, I would examinehis wound .While taking care of his wound．I asked him if he had another doctor’s appointmentThe gentleman said no and told me that he 42 to go to the nursing home to eatbreakfast with his 43 .He told me that she had been 44 for a while and that she had aspecial disease I asked if she would b e 45 if he was a bit late。
He replied that she 46knew who he was，that she had not been able t0 47 him for five years now。
2010年全国一卷英语高考试题完形填空部分讲解分析(详细版)
2010年全国一卷英语高考试题完形填空部分讲解分析刘金路老师解析QQ872969615It was a busy morning, about 8:30, when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital. I heard him saying to the nurse that he was in a hurry for appointment（约会）at 9:30.那是一个繁忙的早上，大约八点半，此时一位80多岁的老者来到了医院。
我听到他跟护士说，九点半还有个约会，所以比较着急。
The nurse had him take a 36 in the waiting area, 37 him it would be at least 40 minutes 38 someone would be able to see him . I saw him 39 his watch and decided, since I was 40 busy-my patient didn’t 41 at the appointed hour , I would examine his wound. While taking care of his wound , I asked him if he had another doctor’s appointment.护士让他在等待区域找了个座位坐下，并告诉他至少40分钟以后才会轮到他。
由于我的病人还没有出现，不是很忙，我注意到他看了一下自己的表并思考了一下，于是我给他检查了一下伤口，我问他是否有别的医生的预约。
The gentleman said no and told me that he 42 to go to the nursing home to eat breakfast with his 43 .He told me that she had been 44 for a while and that she had a special disease, I asked if she would be 45 if he was a bit late. He replied that she 46 knew who he was ,that she had not been able to 47 him for five years now. I was 48 and asked him,” And you 49 go every morning, even though she doesn’t know who you are?”这位老者说没有并告诉我他要去疗养院跟自己的老伴吃早餐。
高考英语 2014 全国卷1 阅读理 完形填空 解翻译 (共21张PPT)
旅鸽曾经飞过很多美国难以臵信的数字。 从第十八和第十九世纪的记数量达到最高点时，
有超过30亿只鸽子，相当于美国鸟类总数的 24 %到40%。这使它可能是世界上最丰富的鸟 类。甚至在1870年底，当它们的数量已经变 小时，一群被认为有1英里宽320英里（约515 公里）长的鸟群在辛辛那提附近被看到了。可 悲的是，大量的鸽子可能是他们的祸根。鸟类 数量丰富的地方，人们相信会有持久的供应， 成千上万的人杀死了它们。商业猎人吸引他们 到有谷物的小空地，等到鸽子已经稳定下来吃
或写一首诗来表达他们好奇的东西。要进入这一挑战，
将向学生颁奖。获奖作品将在一本书中出版。学生参
赛作品将展出，奖品将给予。
Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served. Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at: . Who can take in the Curiosity Challenge? A. School students. B. Cambridge locals. C. CSF winners. D. MIT artists.
阅读B
Passenger pigeons（旅鸽）once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks so large that they darkened the sky for hours. It was calculated that when its population reach its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons – a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati. Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time.
2014年高考英语全国卷1-答案
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新课标卷1)英语答案解析第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力第一节1.【答案】A【解析】由对话中女士说“This is the address. How do I find it?”可知女士想找个地方，故选A2.【答案】B【解析】由对话中男士说“I can drop you off on my way.”可知，男士将送女士一程，故选B.3.【答案】C【解析】由对话中男士说今天早上已经叫了各部门负责人到他办公室，他们需要向Mr. Peterson汇报工作。
由此可知，Mr. Peterson 是公司负责人，故选C.4.【答案】B【解析】由对话中男士说“…once I started I simply couldn’t put it down”可知男士认为书很有趣，故选B 5.【答案】A【解析】由对话中女士说都已经五月份了，还得穿御寒的衣服，男士说收音机广播了好消息，说不定从明天起女士就可以穿短裤了呢。
由此可知，谈话者在谈论天气，故选A.6.【答案】B【解析】由男士说“You know there is a basketball match on TV today. Let’s just stay home and watch it.”可知男士想要看电视，所以拒绝加入女士，故选B.7.【答案】C【解析】女士邀请男士一起打乒乓球，男士不想参加，女士最后说她和海伦一起打。
由此可知，女士接下来会做运动，故选C.8.【答案】A【解析】由“I should be home from work at 5:45.”，故选A.9.【答案】C【解析】女士说也许UME电影院七点的电影更好，Jacky Chan 主演的，男士说可以。
由此可知，谈话者要去UME电影院，故选C.10.【答案】A【解析】由“So we're leaving on Monday from Hartsfield International Airport…”可知答案．故选C.11.【答案】A【解析】对话中女士说公司安排了车送他们到机场，并且公司负责这次旅行的费用。
2014年全国高考英语课标卷I解读
2014年全国高考英语课标卷I解读--- 探索高考命题特点，提高高考复习效率林燕一、试卷结构分析●解读题型结构变化：2014年英语高考课标卷I试卷结构有较大调整，取消了单项选择题，取而代之的是语篇型语法填空。
被编排在了试卷第三部分语言知识运用的第二节。
试题设置是在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（不多于3个单词）或所提供单词的正确形式。
此题型不仅考查单词、短语、搭配、句式，而且考查语法。
以往的单项选择题的考查语境是句子，而新题型的考查语境是语篇，使得语境真实性和应用性加强，对考生的语境分析能力和语言运用的准确性提出了更高的要求。
试卷这一变化符合新课改后新高考强调“能力立意”，适当减少客观选择类试题，强化语言综合能力的考查的趋势。
二、听力试题●题型分析：听力试题选材多是学生熟悉的日常交际场景，语速适中，考查考生在规定时间内对听到的语料的反应能力和理解能力。
其中，有7道题（第7、8、9、15、16、17、18题），考生可在所听语料中直接获取信息。
另有7道题（第1、2、4、5、6、10、14题），命题者在听力语料与选项中设置了一些迷惑性强的干扰信息。
需要考生能快速排除干扰信息，准确定位到有效信息。
还有4道题（第3、11、12、13题）需要考生综合细节信息甚至生活常识进行推理判断。
还有两道题（第19、20题）需要学生排除语义上的理解障碍才能获得准确信息。
●典型题目分析：Text 2 原文W: Oh my! My car broke down, and I have to meet my aunt at the railway station before noon.M: You’re lucky. I can drop you off on my way.2. What will the man do for the woman?A. Repair her car.B. Give her a ride.C. Pick up her aunt.这道题不仅要求学生能排除干扰信息--“汽车出故障”和“去车站接阿姨”，还要求学生对短语“drop sb off--让某人中途下车”有准确的语义理解。
2014年高考全国卷英语完形填空试题
全国新课标1完形填空：As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规)basis。
As a matter of fact, we can see this 41 at work in people of all 42 . For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 43 with their new toys。
But their 44 soon wears off and by January those 45 toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 46 stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s 47 interest. When parents bring home a pet，their child 48 bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time，however，the 49 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents。
Adolescents enter high school with great 50 but are soon looking forward to 51 . The same is true of the young adults going to college。
And then, how many 52 ，who now complain (抱怨）about the long drives to work，53 drove for hours at a time when they first 54 their driver’s license (执照)? Before people retire，they usually 55 to do a lot of 56 things, which they never had 57 to do while working。
2014全国卷新课标1高考英语试题及答案解析(可打印版)
....WORD 格式整理版2013 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试-英语第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力1. What does the man want to do?A.Take photos.B.Buy a camera.C.Help the woman.2.What are the speakers talking about>A.A noisy nightB.Their life in townC.A place of living. 3．Where is the man now?A ． On his way. B．In a restaurant. C．At home4．What will Celia do?A ． Find a player. B．Watch a game. C．Play basketball. 5．What day is it when the conversation takes place?A ． Saturday. B． Sunday. C．Monday.听第 6 段材料，回答 6、7 题。
6．What is Sara going to do?A ． Buy John a gift. B． Give John a surpise C．Invite John to France. 7．What does the man think of Sara ’ s plan?A ． Funny. B．Exciting. C．Strange.听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、 9 题。
8．Why does Diana say sorry to peter?A ． She has to give up her travel pan.B． She wants to visit another city.C． She needs to put off her test.9.What does Diana want Peter to do?A.Help her with her study.B.Take a book to her friend.C.Teach a geography lesson.听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。
高考英语全国卷2014 I 卷完形填空翻译与解析
全国卷完形填空真题解析2014 I单词短语：as a general rule 通常来说，一般来说routine /ru:ˈti:n/ n.常规；日常事务adj.通常的；例行的on a routine basis定期，按惯例，在常规基础上basis/'beɪsɪs/ n.基础；准则，方式；要素；原因，缘由as a matter of fact实际上，事实上at work 起作用work v. 奏效，产生预期效果（或作用）be excited about 对…感到兴奋wear off 逐渐消失；磨灭；损耗wear v.（wore，worn）磨损，用旧；穿，戴；留（发，须等）put↔sth away 将…收起，把…放回原处；积蓄，攒钱；猛吃，猛喝put↔sb away 把…关进监狱stamp albums 集邮册album/'ælbəm/ n. 相册；集邮册；唱片monument to sb/sth 某人/某事的纪念碑monument /'mɒnjʊmənt/n. 纪念碑care for sb. 照顾，照料（病、老、幼等）（与take care of 同义)hand over to sb | hand sth↔over to sb 把...移交给某人the same is true of ... ……也是如此，同样的道理pastime n. 消遣，休闲活动（同义词：hobby n.业余爱好）解析：As a general rule，all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis．As a matter of fact，we can see this41 at work in people of all42 ．通常来说，所有类型的活动当他们在常规的基础上被执行时，会导致厌倦。