英语国家与社会文化
英语国家社会与文化重点术语
英语国家社会与文化重点术语1. British Monarchy：英国君主制，指的是英国的君主制政府体制。
2. House of Commons：下议院，指的是英国主要立法机关之一，也是英国议会的两个部分之一。
3. House of Lords：上议院，指的是英国另外一个主要立法机关，也是英国议会的两个部分之一。
4. Prime Minister：首相，指的是英国执政党领导人，是英国内阁的首脑和政府的领导者。
5. Cabinet：内阁，指的是由首相挑选的政府部长组成的政府机构，决定英国政府的政策和行动。
6. Queen’s Speech：女王演讲，每年在英国的议会开幕时，由女王亲自发表的演讲。
7. Politics：政治，指的是社会维护社会稳定，调节社会关系，实现社会发展的活动过程。
8. Parliament：英国议会，是讨论和决定英国国家政策的高级立法机构，也是英国政府的最高权力机构。
9. Law：法律，规范国家内外秩序、保障国家和民族利益和权利的检测过程。
10. Constitution：宪法，是一国的政权体系以及公民权利和义务的根本法。
11. Human Rights：人权，指人们在代表国家的政府的保护下，享有的一系列的权利和自由。
12. Freedom of Expression：言论自由，指人民可以自由地表达自己的想法，不受任何形式压制。
13. National Identity：国家认同，指共同体中具有特定文化、语言、信仰等共同性的独特性，共同为国家特定历史、凝聚力和竞争力而努力。
14. Diversity：多样性，指的是不同文化、不同宗教、不同背景和不同选择等等，都在一起被尊重、受到容纳、并互相影响。
15. Multiculturalism：多元文化，指的是一个社会中的多种文化，有存在的多样性的社会。
16. Immigration：移民，指的是一个国家的人口在短时间内有显著的增长，或者将永久定居于其他国家的行为。
2023年大学_英语国家社会与文化入门试题及答案
2023年英语国家社会与文化入门试题及答案英语国家社会与文化入门试题一、Fill in the following information gaps(20%)(1 point each)1. 80%2. 16073. Nature4. the legislative5 .corporation 6. Wall Street7.the White Anglo-Saxon Protestant 8. Italy9 .Fennimore Cooper. 10. Leaves of Grass11. the front line 12. Master of Business Administration13 .Bachelor of Arts 14 .IBM15 .Microsoft 16 .Glasgow17. the King 18. the common laws19 .violin 20.Associate of Sciences二、Choose the correct answer for each of the following (35%)(1 point each) 1-5 BCADA 6-10 BDAAA 11-15 AABAD 16-20 DAAAA 21-25 BDDBA 26-30 ADADD31-35 ACACC三、Give brief explanations of the following ideas (Choose 5 from8 to present on the paper )(25%)(5 point each)1.a significant role of LondonLondon is the capital of the UK, the largest city located in the south of the country. Its dominant in Britain in all sorts of ways. Its the cultural and business centre and the headquarters of the vast majority of Britains bigcompanies. Its not only the financial centre of the nation, but also one of the major international financial centers in the world. It is a huge weight in Britains economic and cultural life.2. the Anglo-SaxonsThe Anglo-Saxons were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.3. two immigration movements to the AmericasThe American continents were peopled as a result of twolong-continuingimmigration movements, the first from Asia and the second from Europe and Africa.4.American characteristics of religionThe Bill of Rights of the U.S. Constitution provides that there is no state religion and that church and state must be separated (Americans with different religions live together under the sane law). American religious beliefs continue to be strong with social progress. In the United States, every church is a completely independent organization and concerned with its own finance and its ownbuilding. There has been little concentration on doctrine or religious argument such as in European history.5.Three Faiths in the U.S.By the 1950s, the three faiths model of American religion had developed. Americans were considered to come in three basic varieties: Protestant,Catholic and Jewish, the order reflecting the strength in numbers of each group.6.the "Beat Generation"The "Beat Generation" was made up of a group of young writers in the 1950s based in San Francisco. The name referred simultaneously to the rhythm of Jazz music, to their sense that society was worn out, to the interest in new forms of experience, through drugs, alcohol or Eastern mysticism. Alan Ginsburg s poem Howl set for them a tone of social protest.7.Jazz musicEarly jazz music first appeared in the Southern city of New Orleans at the end of the 19th century .It was a blend of folk music, Work chants, spirituals, marches , and even European classical music. A defining mark of this early New Orleans jazz was that a group of musicians improvising their notes in changing chords around a specific melodic line. All jazz bands use such instruments as a trumpet, a clarinet, a trombone, and percussion instruments like the drum, banjo, andguitars. Jazz developed into the 1920s with two different styles, namely, the Chicago style jazz and the New York style8. PuritanismPuritans were those who followed the doctrine of John Calvin and wanted to purify the Church of England. They believed that human beings werepredestined by God before they were born. Some were Gods chosen people while others were damned to hell. No church nor good works could save people, The sign of being God s elect was the success in his work or the prosperity in his calling. These beliefs had great impact on American culture.四、Analyze the causes that brought about the relative decline of the UK economy(20%)The UK has experienced an economic decline since 1945. But this is a relative decline rather than an absolute one .But Britain is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945, but since other countries developed more rapidly, it has slid from being the second largest economy to being the sixth. There are four reasons for the relative economic decline since 1945:firstly ,Britain had gone heavily into debt in order to finance the war, selling many of its accumulated overseas assets, and borrowing large amounts from the United States and Canada. These debts meant that the UK entered the post-war era with a major economic problem; secondly, British colonies which used to provide raw materials and big markets gained independence. For example ,India, popularly known as "The Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire, gained its independence in 1947, only 2 years after the end of the war. And the rest of the empire quickly followed Indiato independence, leaving Britain as just a medium-size European country ; thirdly Britain was heavily burdened with the huge military expenditure during relatively rapid andtrouble-free the process of decolonization, which was still forced to maintain a substantial and expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the process was completed ,mostly by the end of the 1960s . Also its position as one of the shapers of the post-war world required substantial militarycontributions both as one of NATOs major partners, and as a member of the UN Security Council. All this had the result that Britain spent a higher proportion of its national wealth on the military than most of its competitors; and fourthly, Britain also lacked the investment in modern equipment and new products for during the war its industry survived comparatively unaffected. British industry however could continue with its older factories and pre-war products, and given its otherlong-term .economic problems, This failure to invest sufficiently in industry also reflects a long-standing and continuing problem in the UK economy. relatively low rates of investment (the amount of money businesses put aside from profits to reinvest in the business in new products and production methods) were characteristic of the British economy in relation to other developed economies, this contrasted greatly with some of itscompetitors ,the two most successful post-war economies, Japan and Germany. So the comparatively strong economic position Britain found itself in 1945 was in many ways deceptive.英语国家社会与文化入门试题答案一、Fill in the following information gaps(20%)(1 point each)1. In England more than ___1__ of its population living in cities ,and about 2% of the population working in agriculture, so England is a highly urbanized country .2. In the year of ____2_____,the first permanent settlement in North America was established, in todays Virginia .3.Ralph Waldo Emerson, a American transcendentalist, published a startling book called __3__,he claimed by studying and respecting to nature individual could reach a higher spiritual state without form religion .4.The U.S. federal government consist of the following three branches the executive , _____4_____and the judicial.5.One advantage of limited liability, so investors risked only the amount of their investment and not their entire assets6.The best -known stock exchange is New York Stock Exchange located in _____6_____area of New York City7.WASP stands for _______7______.8.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from Ireland,_______8_______and Poland.10.A collection of poems written by Walt Whitman , it is a ground-breaking book. That is 11.An jazz music ensemble of musicians consists of two sections:________11________ and the percussion.12. G.R.E and M.B.A. stand for Graduate Record Examination and__________12________ in U.S education.13.In the U.S., B.A. and B.S. stand for ________13_________and Bachelor of Science in higher education.14.The two most well known computer companies are ______14_______ and Apple in the United States.15.Now the largest software company is _____15___________whose director is Bill Gates in the United States.16.Two Scottish cities which have a ancient and internationally respected universities, they are Edinburgh and _______16____________.17.The Britain, the official head of state is now ________17_______ while the real center of political life is in the House of Commons .18.The British Constitution consists of statutelaw ,_____18___________ and convention.19.In jazz music major musical instrument include __19_____, clarinet, piano , trombone , cymbal ,bell, hollow wooden block, chimes ,drum, guitar etc.20.In the American education A.S. stands for ________.二、Choose the correct answer for each of the following (35%)(1 point each)1. The Supreme Court of in the U.S. today consist of a chief justice and ____ associate justices.A. 1B. 8C.11D.4352. The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism exceptA. challenging the authority of the Pope.B. salvation through faith.C. salvation through the church.D. establishing a direct contact with God.3. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?A. separation of state and church.B. respect of education.C. intolerant moralism.D. a sense of mission.4. The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly fromA. George Washington.B. Thomas Jefferson.C. John Adams.D. John Locke.5. Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?A. Catholics.B. Puritans.C. Quakers.D. Church of England.6. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?A. The freedom of religion.B. The freedom of searching a persons home by police.C. The freedom of speech and of the press.D. The right to own weapons if one wishes7.Service industry does not include_______________.A. BankingB. management consultationB. AirlineC. steelmaking8. The United States produces as much as half of the worldsA. wheat and riceB. cottonC. tobacco and vegetable oilD. soybeans and com9. The latest technology that farmers have adopted isA. artificial fertilizersB. pesticideC. tractorsD. computers10. A ____ is a type pf play with comedy ,singing ,dancing, music and acrobatics performed for children at Christmas in western Europe.A. pantomimeB. King ArthurC. Robin HoodD. Gone with Wind11. In the United States, people go to church mainly for the following reasons exceptA. for finding a job in society.B. for having a place in a community.C. for identifying themselves with dominant values.D. for getting together with friends.12. In Britain and American there are many _______ in every city, town and village ,where sell almost sell every thing.A. corner shopsB. book shopsC. food shopsD. grocers shops13.Which of the following was written by Thoreau?A. NatureB. WaldenC. The Scarlet LetterD. The Fall of the House of Usher14. ______________was mainly interested in writing about Americans living in Europe.A. Henry JamesB. Mark TwainC. William Dean HowellsD. Stephen Crane15. Three of the following authors are Nobel Prize winners. Which one is not.A. Ernest HemingwayB. Eugene ONeillC. William FaulknerD. F. Scott Fitzgerald16.______________does NOT belong to the "Lost Generation".A. John Dos PassosB. Ernest HemingwayC. F. Scott FitzgeraldD. John Steinbeck17. ______was NOT written by Hemingway.A. Light in AugustB. The Sun Also RisesC. A Farewell to ArmsD. For Whom the Bell Tolls18. The following authors were women writers who wrote novels in the late 19th and early 20th century with exception ofA. Emily DickinsonB. Edith WhartonC. Willa CatherD. Kate Chopin19.Both public and private Universities depend on the following sources of income except,A. investmentB. student tuitionC. endowmentsD. government funding20. The legislative branch of the U.S. consists of congress that is divided into:A. the House of Representatives and the SenateB. the House of Representative and the SenatesC. the House of commons and the House of LordsD. the House of Common and the House of Lord21. The complex drumming in the rhythm section of early jazz music was brought over to America by________A. Spanish missionaries from Europe.B .Black slaves from West Africa.C. British colonists from Asia.D. the Creole from the West India.22.Which of the following is not a team game?A. volleyballB. bowlingC. soccerD. field hockey23 .If white –collar crimes were included in the Crime Index and if authorities were more vigorous in their enforcement of law ,the profile of a typical criminal in the United states would be_____A. olderB. wealthierC. whiteD. living near city centers24. Which of the following used human being as guinea pigs to test drugs including LDS?A. The FBIB. The CIAC. CongressD. Richard Nixon25. The one group within the counter culture best known for their pursuit of happiness as their only goal in life was called____________A. the HippiesB. the Beat GenerationC. the Me GenerationD. the Lost Generations26. Which of the following can NOT be found in London?A. Teahouses.B. Galleries.C. Museums.D. Theatres.27. The Tower Of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built byA. King HaroldB. Robin HoodC. Oliver CromwellD. William the Conqueror28. The ________provides a fair way for deciding whom to admit when then they have 10 or 12 applicants for every first year students seat in the U.S.A.SATSB.NBAC.NEED.CBA29. Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world forA. its most famous landmark, the "Giants Causeway".B. its rich cultural lifeC. its low living standardsD. its endless political problems30. Which of the following about the Parliament is NOT true?A. There are no legal restraints upon Parliament.B. Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.C. Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.D. Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.31. In modern political system in Britain MPs stands for_________.A. members of parliamentB. members of parliamentsC. member of parliamentD. member of parliaments32. ___________ made the first desktop PC.A. Thomas EdisonB. Apple computersC. Tow tong amateur inventorsD. Samuel F.B. More33. These ____ and _____ stand today as Wales great tourist attractions. Tourism is an important industryA. castles and estatesB. Hadrians WallC. Giants CausewayD. Royal Pavilion34. The British Queen decided to open__________ to summer tourists to raise money, which caused a lot criticism from the public.A. the Tower of London .B. British Museum.C. Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle.D. Westminster Abbey35.Dodds brothers, Johnny was on the ___________ ,Warren was on theA . drum.. B. guitar. C. clarinet D. banjo.A . drum.. B. guitar. C. clarinet D. banjo.三、Give brief explanations of the following ideas (Choose 5 from8 to present on the paper )(25%)(5 point each)1. a significant role of London2.the Anglo-Saxons3.two immigration movements to the Americas4. American characteristics of religion5.Three Faiths in the U.S.6. the "Beat Generation"7.Jazz music8. Puritanism四、Analyze the causes that brought about the relative decline of the UK economy(20%)。
英语国家社会与文化重点术语
英语国家社会与文化重点术语
monwealth of Nations: 英联邦，包括英格兰，威尔士，苏
格兰，北爱尔兰和52个唯一的独立共和国或王国。
2.The United Kingdom: 英国，由英格兰，威尔士，苏格兰和北爱尔
兰组成。
3.British Isles: 不列颠群岛，由英国，爱尔兰，苏格兰，威尔士和
英格兰大部分其他岛屿组成。
4.English language: 英语，它是英国最主要的语言，在英联邦和其
他英语国家有广泛使用。
5.English literature : 英语文学，指的是用英语撰写的文学作品，
起源于英国，并被全世界传播。
6.British monarchy: 英国君主制，也称英国王室，是以女王或国王
为头的君主制，历史悠久。
7.British culture: 英国文化，指的是由英国及其前殖民地创造的文化，包括文学，艺术，表演艺术，音乐，电影，体育，宗教，历史，
建筑和社会习俗等。
8.British accent: 英国口音，指用英语讲话时，英国人所使用的口音，有不同的地区口音。
9.British cuisine: 英国菜肴，指由英国的食品、烹饪方法和历史习
惯组成的料理，融合欧洲，北美洲，中东和亚洲元素。
10.United Kingdom flag: 标志联合王国的国旗，也称为Union Jack，由英格兰，威尔士和苏格兰三块组成。
英语国家社会与文化总结
英语国家社会与文化总结英语是现代世界最重要的语言之一，是许多国家的官方语言，也是国际交流和商务活动的主要工具。
在全球范围内，许多国家和地区使用英语，他们各自拥有独特的社会和文化特点。
首先，英语国家的社会结构通常以个人主义为主导。
这意味着个人的自由和自主权重要于集体。
人们注重个人价值和自我实现，追求个人目标和成功。
这种价值观在教育体系中体现得尤为突出，鼓励学生发展自己的兴趣和才能，追求个人的职业理想。
其次，英语国家的社会秩序通常以法治为基石。
法治意味着相对公正和有序的社会体系，每个人都有平等的权利和义务。
法治的重要性在英语国家的政府和司法体系中得到体现，通过公正的法律程序保障公民的权益和维护社会的稳定。
除了社会结构和秩序，英语国家的文化特点也非常丰富多样。
一方面，英语国家通常崇尚个人创造力和创新精神。
文学、艺术和科技等领域，英语国家常常是领先的。
这种创造力和创新精神在文化产业中得到了极大的发展，创造了无数的文化和艺术作品。
另一方面，英语国家也注重社交礼仪和谦逊的价值观。
人们往往以礼貌和尊重他人为荣，重视家庭和友谊关系。
社交场合中，人们通常注意言行举止，注重礼仪和交际技巧。
这种礼仪和谦逊的文化背景给人们带来了友好、温暖的交流环境。
最后，英语国家普遍注重个人的健康和生活质量。
他们注重保持身体健康，注重饮食和锻炼等健康生活方式。
此外，英语国家也鼓励人们平衡工作和生活，追求幸福和满足感。
这种关注个人的健康和生活质量的价值观，使英语国家的居民通常过着积极、充实的生活。
总之，英语国家的社会和文化性格富有个性，注重个人价值、法治和创造力。
了解这些特点对于在英语国家生活、学习或工作的人来说至关重要。
我们可以借鉴英语国家社会和文化的优点，丰富自己的人生经验，提高自己的社交能力和创新能力，更好地适应和融入全球化的世界。
英语国家社会与文化重点术语
英语国家社会与文化重点术语在英语国家的社会和文化中，有许多重要的术语被广泛使用和讨论。
这些术语反映了英语国家的独特价值观和方式。
以下是一些在英语国家社会和文化中常见的重要术语。
1. 自由（Freedom）: 自由是英语国家社会和文化中非常重要的价值观。
它包括个人自由、言论自由、宗教自由和政治自由等。
人们坚信，每个人都有权利追求幸福和自我实现，而不受限制或压制。
2. 平等（Equality）: 平等是另一个重要的价值观，意味着每个人都应该被平等对待，不受财富、种族、性别、宗教或其他身份特征的歧视。
英语国家注重提供平等的机会和待遇，以确保社会的公正性和包容性。
3. 多元文化主义（Multiculturalism）: 多元文化主义指的是英语国家社会中不同文化、种族和宗教群体的共存和接纳。
这意味着人们不仅尊重和容忍其他文化的差异，还重视文化多样性对社会的贡献和丰富。
4. 民主（Democracy）: 民主是英语国家非常重视的政治制度。
它鼓励所有公民参与决策过程，通过选举来选择政府和领导人。
民主也意味着尊重个人权利和基本自由，同时保护少数群体的利益。
5. 社交礼仪（Etiquette）: 社交礼仪是英语国家文化的一部分，强调个人与他人的尊重和礼貌。
这包括正式的礼节、表达感谢和给予对他人的尊重。
6. 幽默（Humor）: 幽默在英语国家文化中是非常重要的。
幽默被视为生活中的一种积极态度，人们经常使用幽默来缓解紧张的局势和改善人际关系。
8. 教育（Education）: 教育在英语国家非常重要，被认为是达到个人成功和社会发展的关键。
英语国家致力于提供高质量的教育，以便培养学生的技能和知识，并帮助他们实现自己的潜力。
9. 家庭（Family）: 家庭是英语国家的核心，被视为最重要的社会单位。
家庭关系通常非常亲密，家庭成员之间的相互支持和彼此照顾被视为非常重要。
10. 慈善（Charity）: 在英语国家，慈善事业是社会文化的重要组成部分。
《英语国家社会与文化》课程教学大纲
《英语国家社会与文化》课程教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程名称：英语国家社会与文化课程编号：0311012B课程类别：学科专业基础课程总学时：32总学分：2开课学期：第三学期适用专业：英语先修课程：英语口语，英语听力，英语语法，英语阅读二、课程的性质与任务《英语国家社会与文化》是英语专业的一门学科基础课程，讲授对象为英语专业二年级学生。
其目的在于使学生了解英语国家的社会历史，地理，经济，政治，宗教，教育及其价值观念和习俗文化传统，提高学生对文化差异的敏感度、宽容性、处理文化差异的灵活性，提高学生的跨文化交际能力。
同时帮助学生巩固、提高英语词汇和阅读能力，拓宽学生的知识面。
该课程要求学生重点熟悉和掌握英美两国的基本社会文化知识。
三、课程教学目标通过本门课的学习，使学生对英美国家的地理，历史，政治，文化，社会习俗以及该国人民的思想，态度和生活方式等概况有了进一步的了解，从而为缩小中西方文化差异奠定了基础，有利于学生毕业后能较快适应各个领域中的对外文化交流，在各行各业中发挥积极的作用，以更好满足社会主义市场经济对外语人才的需求。
四、教学方法与手段教学中采用教师为主导、学生为主体的教学模式，采用全英文授课，讨论式、发现式和研究式的教学方法，引导学生勤于思考，勇于评论，培养学生的鉴赏和表达能力。
充分利用现代化的教学手段，开发新的教学资源。
五、考核方式1、考核形式：考查2、过程性考核和期末考试相结合：过程性考核包括考勤、课堂表现及作业。
期末考试范围涵盖所讲授的《英语国家社会与文化》的全部内容最终成绩由平时成绩（20%）和期末考试成绩（80%）按一定比例折算后以百分制计六、课时分配第1章英国简介2第2章英国历史6第3章英国政府2第4章英国政治、阶级与种族2第5章英国经济2第6章英国教育与外交关系2第7章美国简介2第8章美国历史6第9章美国政治2第10章美国经济2第11章美国宗教2第12章美国的社会问题2七、教学内容第一章英国简介【教学目标】1.了解英国的名称、地理位置及组成部分2.理解英国国旗、国歌与国徽的含义3.掌握英国人口与社会等级以及民族价值观的特点【教学内容】1.英国名称、地理位置与组成部分2.英国国旗、国歌与国徽3.英国主要城市4.英国气候特征5.英国人口与社会等级6.英国民族价值观与特征【教学重点】1.英国名称、地理位置与组成部分2.英国人口与社会等级3.英国民族价值观与特征【教学难点】1.英国名称、地理位置与组成部分2.英国国旗、国歌与国徽3.英国民族价值观与特征【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时第二章英国历史【教学目标】1.了解英国历史发展的主要阶段2.理解英国历史中的主要事件发生背景、意义与影响3.掌握英国历史中的重要历史事件【教学内容】1.民族的起源(5000BC-1066)2.民族的形成 (1066-1381)3.向现代的转变 (1455-1688)4.大英帝国的崛起与衰落(1688-1945)5.二战后的英国(1945至今)【教学重点】1.凯尔特民族、罗马入侵与盎格鲁-撒克逊民族2.诺曼征服与英国大宪章3.玫瑰战争4.资产阶级革命【教学难点】1.盎格鲁-撒克逊民族入侵2.玫瑰战争3.英国宗教改革4.资产阶级革命【学时数】课堂讲述3学时、课堂讨论1学时、习题2学时第三章英国政府【教学目标】1.了解英国政府的具体内容2.理解英国的宪法及其政治体制3.掌握英国主要政党的基本情况【教学内容】1.西方国家的政治体制2.英国的政治体制3.英国的君主4.英国的议会5.英国的司法部门6.英国三大主要政党【教学重点】1.英国的政治体制2.英国三个主要政党的不同之处与代表人物【教学难点】1.英国宪法的特点2.英国君主的职能3.英国议会的职能4.英国三大主要政党的不同之处【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时第四章英国政治、阶级与种族【教学目标】1.了解英国大选的重要性2.理解英国政治发展趋势3.掌握英国社会等级与种族的具体内容【教学内容】1.英国大选2.英国三大主要政党3.英国政治发展趋势4.英国的社会等级5.英国的种族情况【教学重点】1.英国大选2.英国政治发展趋势3.英国社会等级的划分【教学难点】1.英国大选的过程2.英国政治发展趋势3.英国社会等级的划分【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时第五章英国经济【教学目标】1.了解英国经济的组成部分2.理解英国经济发展历史与现状3.掌握英国经济不同发展阶段的特点【教学内容】1.英国经济的绝对衰落与相对衰落2.英国经济的现状【教学重点】1.英国经济的绝对衰落与相对衰落2.英国经济的三大产业【教学难点】1.英国经济相对衰落的原因2.英国经济三大产业的不同之处【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时第六章英国教育与外交关系【教学目标】1.了解与掌握英国教育发展历史与体制与英国外交关系的发展历史2.理解英国的小学、中学与大学阶段的教育现状3.掌握英国外交政策的基础【教学内容】1.英国教育的目的2.英国教育与社会等级的关系3.宗教对英国教育的影响4.英国教育体制的重要转变5.英国教育的现状6.英国外交政策的基础7.英国外交政策的制定【教学重点】1.英国教育体制发展历史2.英国的高等教育3.英国外交关系发展的历史4.英国外交政策的基础与制定【教学难点】1.英国教育体制发展历史2.英国外交政策的基础与制定【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时第七章美国简介【教学目标】1.了解美国的名称、地理位置与组成部分2.理解美国的主要象征，包括国旗、国歌与国徽3.掌握美国文化的基本元素【教学内容】1.美国官方名字2.美国地理位置、国土面积与人口3.美国的州4.美国英语5.美国国旗、国歌与国徽6.美元7.山川、河流与气候8.美国的五大象征【教学重点】1.美国全名、地理位置、五十个州与首都2.美国国旗、国歌与国徽3.美国的地理特征【教学难点】1.美国的地理位置与组成部分2.美国的国旗、国歌与国徽的含义【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时第八章美国历史【教学目标】1. 了解美国历史发展的主要阶段2. 理解美国历史中重要历史事件发生的背景与影响3. 掌握美国历史发展中的主要人物与主要事件【教学内容】1.美国历史(1600-1900)2.美国历史(1900-1945)3.美国二战后的历史4.二十一世纪的美国【教学重点】1. 美国独立宣言2. 美国内战的原因与意义3. 美国冷战时期【教学难点】1.美国内战的原因与意义2.美苏争霸时期的主要事件【学时数】课堂讲述3学时、课堂讨论1学时、习题2学时第九章美国政治【教学目标和要求】1.了解邦联条例的不足之处2.理解三权分立原则3.掌握美国宪法的三大原则【教学内容】1.美国宪法2.美国行政机构3.美国立法机构4.美国司法机构5.美国两党制【教学重点】1.邦联条例2.美国宪法3.美国三权分立4.美国权利法案5.美国的两党制【教学难点】1.美国宪法制定的背景2.美国三权分立的特点3.美国两党制的特点【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时第十章美国经济【教学目标】1.了解美国经济发展历史2.理解美国经济的现状3.掌握工业革命给美国经济带来的发展【教学内容】1.美国经济简介2.美国经济的发展历史3.美国经济的现状【教学重点】1.工业革命给美国经济带来的主要发展2.美国经济的现状【教学难点】1.工业革命对美国经济发展的主要影响2.美国经济发展的不同阶段【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时第十一章美国宗教【教学目标】1.了解美国宗教自由与多样性2.理解美国三大宗教信仰3.掌握美国宗教特征【教学内容】1.基督教简介2.美国宗教的发展进程3.美国的三大信仰及其特点4.美国的宗教特征【教学重点】1.美国历史与宗教自由2.美国三大信仰3.美国宗教特征【教学难点】1.美国的三大信仰及其特点2.美国宗教的三大特征【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时第十二章美国的社会问题【教学目标】1.了解美国的主要社会问题2.理解美国种族问题的起源、发展与现状3.掌握美国五大主要社会问题的起源、发展与现状【教学内容】1.美国种族问题2.美国贫穷问题3.美国毒品问题4.美国犯罪问题5.政府与社会机构滥用权力问题【教学重点】1.美国种族问题的起源、发展与现状2.美国贫穷问题的根源与解决方法3.美国毒品问题与犯罪与美国经济的关系【教学难点】1.美国种族问题的起源、发展与现状2.美国贫穷问题的不同内涵【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时八、教材及主要参考书1、教材：朱永涛、王立礼. 英语国家社会与文化入门上册[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社，2011第三版.2、主要参考书：1）陈治刚,张承谟,汪尧田,汪明. 英美概况（新编本）[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社,2002.2）来安方.新编英美概况（最新修订版）[M]. 河南：河南人民出版社，2003.3）刘炳善.英国文学简史[M]. 河南：河南人民出版社，1992.4）王佐良.欧洲文化入门[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1993.5）吴伟仁.美国文学史及选读[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2007.6) 肖惠云.当代英国概况[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1996.7）张奎武.英美概况[M].吉林：吉林科学技术出版社，2000.8）朱永涛.英美文化基础教程[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002.。
英语国家社会与文化
英语国家概况 第一课课件
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教师：王春艳 单位：厦门理工学院外语系 时 间： 2 010年9月 12日
汇报日期
教学内容
美国、英国为主，其他次之
单击此处添加文本具体内容，简 明扼要的阐述您的观点。
历史、政治、社会、文化为主，地理等次之
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英国的昵称
John Bull
St. George & the Dragon
St. George slaying the dragon
St George’s Day
如果把某人描述成英雄，他的一项重要功 绩就会是屠杀怪兽Dragon。
The Dragon
Dragon 与龙
龙译为dragon
• 1815～1823 年马礼逊在澳门编纂出版的《华英-精华大辞书》
个到 绝 了 不 一总 相路之 关，， 的使内 概这涵 念二上 ，者“ 因酿d r为 成a g西 为o n方 了”传 统与教 一“士 个龙的 概”传 念风译马，鬼牛一使不直神相延差及续，，至硬可今是是。被这绑两
• 2为没0挂 有06念 入年“选中，dr国a这g发o一n布”环的有境可2导0能0致8带了年来各北的界京负特奥面别林效是匹果网克，平运呼易动声近会最的吉高强祥的烈物“热里龙闹，”讨因并 论象 将。 重2 0构0 6，年中1 2国月标4 日志，有上可海能的不《再新是闻“早龙报”》》揭的晓新了闻题，为报《导国上度海形某 学当 者 即 建 在 议网 为上 制和 止言 西论 方界 误导 解 致 ， 轩 不 然 以 大 龙 波 作 。 中 国 形 象 标 志 。 这 动 不 动 静 ，
•
dragon 被译为龙。此后至 1898 年，这种辞书都由西方传教士 们晓者编 编白纂 纂，。出dr对版ag于英on这汉译期辞成间书龙所创延有 立续英1了汉9 马辞世礼书纪逊中与的“2误d0r译a世g，o纪n以”之谣词交传条，讹的但。查中d阅r国a阐g学o揭n
英语国家社会与文化教学大纲
英语国家社会与文化教学大纲大纲概述：本教学大纲旨在为英语专业学生提供对英语国家社会与文化的系统性、全面性、多角度的学习，培养学生的跨文化交际能力。
本大纲分为两个模块，第一模块为“英语国家社会”，第二模块为“英语国家文化”。
两个模块之间相互贯通，相得益彰。
一、英语国家社会1.英语语言地位与社会语境（1）英语在世界范围内的地位（2）英语社会语言的特点与应用2.英语国家政治、经济与社会制度（1）英美政治体制的结构与特点（2）英美市场经济的形成与发展（3）英语国家的社会制度和福利保障3.英语国家的文化与娱乐生活（1）英语国家传统文化（2）英语国家的当代文化表现（3）英语国家的娱乐文化4.英语国家的教育系统（1）英语国家的教育制度（2）英语国家的高等教育体系5.英语国家的社会问题（1）心理健康问题（2）青少年生活服务问题（3）社会治安问题二、英语国家文化1.英语国家的文学（1）英美文学史（2）英美文学作品分析2.英语国家的音乐、电影、电视剧与话剧（1）英语国家的音乐文化（2）英语国家的电影与电视文化（3）英语国家的话剧文化3.英语国家的美食文化（1）英语国家主要菜系（2）英语国家美食文化的演变4.英语国家的节庆文化（1）英语国家节庆文化的起源与发展（2）英语国家主要节庆的风俗与习惯5.英语国家的艺术文化（1）英语国家的绘画艺术（2）英语国家的雕塑艺术（3）英语国家的建筑艺术以上为英语国家社会与文化教学大纲的主要内容。
针对各个教学内容，分别设计相应的教学方法、教学手段，注重培养学生的跨文化交际能力和语言运用能力。
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So the first generations of non-Aboriginal, native-born Australians were born and reared in the convict and non-convict families of NSW. Despite the predictions of the moralists(道德主义者)of the time, these children turned out to be far less criminal than their peer generations in the Mother country. What was family life like in this extraordinary from of society--the penal colony of NSW?
Ⅰ. Convict: Most convicts --- servants &labors Some convicts --- convict tradesmen &clerical administrative workers
Ⅱ. Rarely received wages : imported rum In 1810, earned money after 3 o’clock Ⅲ. The pastoralists (the major landowners ), built their wealth on the unpaid convict laborers.
英国人首先把澳大利亚作为 一个流放囚犯的地方。1788 年1月18日，由菲利普船长率 领的一支有6艘船的船队共 1530人抵达澳大利亚的植物 园湾（Botany Bay），当中 有736名囚犯。八天后的1788 年1月26日，他们正式在澳大 利亚杰克逊港（Port Jackson）建立起第一个英国 殖民区，这个地方后来人口 不断增长而成为澳大利亚的 第一大城市悉尼，这个名字 是为了纪念当时的英国内政 大臣悉尼（Sydney）。每年 的1月26日后来成为了澳大利 亚的国庆日（Australia Day ）。
Portia Robinson’s description of the lives of working families from 1788 to the 1830s.
A. Many wives of convicts made desperate efforts to be brought out to live with their husbands. B. In the first decades new families were often formed in the colony in a brutal way. C. So , families were formed in various ways: a) Some arrived together b) Arrived separately and reunited c) Newly formed in NSW d) “ticket-of-leave
----- PPT制作：夏海旭 讲解：夏海旭,谭静，徐亚丽，白玉兰，张文 静 材料搜集:夏海旭,谭静，徐亚丽，白玉兰， 张文静，王雅松
1,Australia as a Penal Colony…
After European settlement in 1788,Australia was politically organized as a number of separate British colonies, eventually six in all: New South Wales, Tasmania, Queensland, Western Australia, Victoria and South Australia.
Women in the penal colony(充军地中女性): When a ship with women convicts or “free” women migrants docked, first the Government officials and senior officers, then the sailors and “free” working men were allowed to go on board to claim a woman as a servant and/or a concubine. Convicts could claim the remaining women. The women who were not claimed either slept on the streets or were sent to the “Female Factory”---a prison in Paramatta. 当载有女犯或女性自由移民的船靠岸时，首先是政府官员和 高级军官，然后是水手和自由民工人都可以到船上去领一个 女人回家做仆人兼/或情妇。罪犯可以认领剩下的女人。没有 人认领的女人要么睡在大街上，要么被送到位于新南威尔士 Paramatta的一座监狱，称为“女子工厂”。女犯们在里面从 事纺织布等工作。
Emancipist (free workers)
Ⅰ. These early generations created ① family business(in shop or inns) ② building works, small factories and farms Ⅱ. some people gained great success Emancipists became lawyers, architects, editors ,successful business people(Elizabeth and James Ruse) and government administrators By the 1820s, third of the richest men in the colony were emancipists By 1821,the population of NWS increased to 40,000 ,most women were “free colonists”
Emancipists （刑满释放者）
The emancipists are ex-convicts who were fully or conditionally pardoned for conduct or service. They became successful farmers, lawyers, architects and government administrators. They contributed a lot to the development Australian society. By the 1820s, a third of the richest men in the colony were emancipists, among them were Mary Reibey and James Ruse. 是指以前的罪犯中因为其良好的行为表现或提供的服务而被 无条件赦免或有条件赦免者。他们中的一些成为成功的农民 、律师、建筑师和政府官员。他们对澳大利亚社会的发展做 出了很大的贡献。到19世纪20年代为止，这片殖民地上1/3的 富人都是那些被释放的犯人，其中有玛丽· 莱蓓和詹姆士· 鲁 斯。
Women in the colony had little choice between an informal relationship or prostitution.在澳大利亚的妇女除了选择非 正式的家庭关系(即做情妇)或卖淫之外，没有其它的选择 。 The convict husbands of free wives could be assigned to work for their own families as ticket-of-leave(假释证) servants.获得减刑或免刑的罪犯丈夫可以被分配给他们的 自由民妻子去做以工换酬的的仆人。
James Ruse was a Cornish farmer who, at the age of 23, was convicted of breaking and entering and was sentenced to seven years' transportation to Australia. He arrived at Sydney Cove on the First Fleet with 18 months of his sentence remaining. Ruse applied to Governor Arthur for a land grant, stating that he had been bred to farming. Governor Phillip, desperate to make the colony self-sufficient, allocated Ruse an allotment at Rose Hill , where he proved himself industrious and showed that it was possible for a family to survive through farming. This was the very first grant of land in New South Wales. Ruse later exchanged the grant for more fertile land on the Hawkesbury River. In later life, having been almost bankrupted from his farm by flooding, Ruse found work as a seaman and later as a landowner's overseer.