英语国家概况(1) 《英语国家社会与文化入门》 朱永涛 主编
《英语国家社会与文化入门》(第3版)(朱永涛、王立礼主编)(复习笔记 美国政治制度、教育与经济)【圣
2.1复习笔记ernment1.The Constitution2.Parliament3.Election4.The Cabinet5.Public servants6.Reform7.The Ombudsman8.Local governmentⅡ.Education1.Early childhood education2.Primary schools and secondary schools3.The Correspondence School4.State schools and private schools5.Special needs education6.Universities and polytechnicsⅢ.Economy1.Agriculture2.Forestry and fishing3.Energy4.Overseas tradeernment（政府）1.The Constitution（宪法）(1)New Zealand has no written constitution.(2)The Constitution Act1986defines the relationship between the legislative, executive and judicial roles of government.(1)新西兰没有成文宪法。
(2)宪法法案1986规定了立法、行政以及司法三者政府职能之间的关系。
2.Parliament（议会）(1)The Head of State is the British monarch,represented in New Zealand by a Governor-General.The Governor-General’s agreement is required for an Act of Parliament to become law.(2)New Zealand is governed by an elected parliament,which has had a single chamber—the House of Representatives—since1950.(3)The functions of Parliament include passing laws,supervising the government’s administration and receiving petitions from citizens.(1)新西兰的国家元首是英国女王，总督是她在新西兰的代表。
《英语国家社会与文化入门》(第3版)(朱永涛、王立礼主编)(考研真题与典型题详解 美国的政治制度)【
4.2考研真题与典型题详解I.Multiple Choice1.Who influenced the Founding Fathers by his theory of division of powers?（北二外2005研）A.John LockeB.MontesquieuC.Benjamin FranklinD.George Washington【答案】B【解析】Montesquieu，18世纪法国思想家、法学家，他提出的三权分立思想对美国宪法制定者产生了深刻影响。
Benjamin Franklin，18世纪美国科学家、政治家。
John Locke，英国哲学家,他对宪政民主思想的阐述对美国的开国元勋有很大影响。
George Washington，美国首任总统，被尊为美国国父。
2.Which of the following was NOT one of the authors of the Constitution?（首都师范大学2008研）A.Thomas JeffersonB.George WashingtonC.Benjamin FranklinD.James Madison【答案】A【解析】Thomas Jefferson托马斯·杰斐逊，起草了美国《独立宣言》；George Washington 乔治·华盛顿为制宪会议主席；Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林，政治家，参加起草了《独立宣言》和美国宪法；James Madison詹姆士·麦迪逊，美国第四任总统，是制宪会议的著名人物。
3.How many seats does the Senate of the Congress of the Unites States have?（首都师范大学2009研）A.100B.345C.435D.534【答案】A【解析】国会是美国立法机构，由众议院和参议院组成；其中众议院共有435个席位，而参议院共有100个席位。
《英语国家社会与文化入门》(第3版)(朱永涛、王立礼主编)(复习笔记 美国的起始)【圣才出品】
3.1复习笔记I.What is an American?1.A new race2.Current situationⅡ.Two immigration movements1.From Asia2.From Europe and AfricaⅢ.The Forces that led to the modern development of Europe(Europe in the16th and17th centuries)1.The growth of capitalism2.The Renaissance3.The Religious ReformationIV.The colonial Patterns1.The settlement in Virginia2.Puritanism3.Catholic Maryland4.Quaker PennsylvaniaV.The American Revolution(The War of Independence)1.The causes2.The eve3.The process4.The major leaders(The Founding Fathers)5.The significanceI.What is an American?（美国民族性）1.A new race（新的民族）(1)In1782,the French farmer J.Hector St.John de Crevecoeur,who settled in Pennsylvania,first asked this question in Letters from An American Farmer. (2)He thought the American was a new man who had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants,and who left behind him his ancient prejudices and manners and received new ones.Individuals were melted into a new race who acted upon new principles,entertained new ideas and form new opinions. The idea that America is a melting pot originated from his words.(1)赫克托·圣约翰·德克雷夫克尔于1782年著成《美国农人简史》，首次提出了美国民族性这一问题。
英语国家概况学习资源推荐
Unit One General IntroductionReferences朱永涛主编，《英语国家社会与文化入门》（上册），高等教育出版社朱永涛主编，《英语国家社会与文化入门》（下册），高等教育出版社张奎武，《英美概况》，吉林科学技术出版社陈执义王祖兴，《英语国家社会与文化简明教程》，化学工业出版社余志远，《英语国家概况》，外语教学与研究出版社刘晓蕖，《英语国家社会与文化》，中国电力出版社宣念念，朱建，《主要英语国家概况》，华南理工大学出版社何田，《英语学习背景知识新编》，北京大学出版社孙致礼，《西方风俗觅趣》，华中理工大学出版社胡文仲, 《英美文化辞典》，外语教学与研究出版社蒋澄生廖定中，《英语学习背景知识精粹》，上海外语教育出版社王恩铭，《当代美国社会与文化》，上海外语教育出版社严维明等，《当代美国概况》（修订本)，上海译文出版社[美]玛丽安娜·卡尼·戴特斯曼等，《美国文化背景》(第3版)，世界图书出版社王波，《美国历史与文化选读--美国人文系列》，北京大学出版社袁鸣，《美国文化与社会十五讲》，北京大学出版社邓炎昌，《现代美国社会与文化》，高等教育出版社梅仁毅，《美国研究读本》，外语教学与研究出版社朱永涛，《美国价值观》，外语教学与研究出版社肖惠云，《当代英国概况（修订版）》，上海译文出版社王虹，《当代英国社会与文化》，上海外语教育出版社贾海鹰、张前，《澳新风貌》，西北电子科技大学Websites:Across the Planet/Webmesh Global Network/Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia/wiki/Main_PageCIA – The World Fact Bookhttps:///library/publications/the-world-factbook/ Library of Congress/index.htmlBuzzleUniversity Libraries of University of Colorado Boulder/index.htmInfoplease/English Onlinehttp://202.194.48.102/englishonline/Office for National Statistics/ons/index.htmlFancy English/Putclub/index.phpNational Geographic Channel/British Broadcast (BBC)/Cable News Network (CNN)/Public Broadcasting Service/America’s Story from America’s Library/United States of America Geography/RefLib/UsaGeography/UsaGeography.htm Britain UnLimited/Australian Government.au/Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Australia .au/Australian Bureau of Statistics.au/Unit Two History Websites:History/About American History/American History for English Learners/voa/history/United States History/US history/Colonialhall/Passionate about History of Britain/British History/industry.html A Vision of Britain through Time/index.jspUK History and Visits/British History Online/BBC British History/history/british/British History Travel/British Royal Family History/British International History Group/Medieval History of Britain/Medieval.htmThe British Empire/The History of Canada/canada-history/The Hidden Story of Australia’s Missing Links/Unit Three Political System Websites:Political Resources on the Net/U.S. Government/U.S. Department of State/The Central Intelligence Agencyhttps:///index.htmlCongress/United States House of Representatives/The American foreign policy council/The British Monarchy/Home.aspxOfficial Website of the United Kingdom Government https:///British Parliament/Scottish Parliament/Northern Ireland Assembly/Government of Canadahttp://www.canada.gc.ca/Department of Justicehttp://canada.justice.gc.ca/Prime Minister of Australia.au/Australian Politics/New Zealand Government/The New Zealand Legislation/Unit Four Education Websites:Education USAhttps:///Harvard University/Study in the USA/Home Education in the UK/Higher Education in Britain/British Council/Infozee-study Abroad/Canadian Teacher Magazine/New Zealand Educationthe Australian Qualifications Framework.au/The Australian Education Network.au/Australia Education/New Zealand Education/The Ministry of Education of New Zealand/Unit Five Traditions and Customs Websites:Web-Holidays/The Ultimate Source for Out-of-the –ordinary Trips/The Literature Network/Travel Video Store/YCTV/T&T's Real Travels/Life in the USA/A view on Cities/_cityindex.htmJazz in America/NBA/USA Tourist/english/index.htmlTourist Information UK/UK Travel Guide/index.htmlLondon Tourism/articles/london-travel/Luxury Vacations UK/home.aspxRoyal Museums Greenwich/The Church of England/Virtual Museum of Canadahttp://www.museevirtuel-virtualmuseum.ca/index-eng.jspCanadian Heritagehttp://www.pch.gc.ca/eng/1266366005340/1268235063611Guide to Australia.au/australiaAustralian Animals/articles/australian-animals/Reef Magic/Australian Explorer/Australian Aboriginal Art/index.phpNew Zealand on the Web/The Great New Zealand/Unit Six EconomyWebsites:American Economic History/~cescott/economics.html An Outline of the U.S. Economyembassy.de/etexts/oecon/index.htmOECD Economic Survey of the United Kingdom/redirect/eco/surveys/uk/National Bureau of Economic Research of Britain/Bank of England/Pages/home.aspxOil & Gas UK/Economy of Canadaq.ca/The Canadian Federation of Agriculturehttp://www.cfa-fca.ca/Canadian Manufacturing/The Australian Business Journal.au/ Australian Trade Commission.au/New Zealand Farming/Unit Seven Social Highlights Websites:Global Issues/U.S. Department of Health & Human Services/Equality Advisory and Support Service/Art and Social Issues in American Culture/Social, Political, and Cultural Issues in America/MRC/SocialIssues.htmlThe American Civil Liberties Union/The American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee /Early American Crime/Crime in America/British Newspapers and News Online/Anarchy in the UK/The Social Care Institute for Excellence/Weddings in the UK/Canadian Foundation for Drug Policyhttp://www.cfdp.ca/Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Networkhttp://www.aidslaw.ca/Canadian Centre on Substance Abusesa.ca/Pages/Home.aspxThe Australian Council of Social Service.au/The New Zealand Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship Research Centre /Issues in New Zealand/。
《英语国家社会与文化入门》(第3版)(朱永涛、王立礼主编)(考研真题与典型题详解 今日的澳大利亚)【
19.2考研真题与典型题详解I.True or False.1.The Australia economy now depends primarily upon its other two major sectors, the resources and services industries.【答案】T【解析】澳大利亚的经济主要依靠资源和服务产业两大部分。
2.Australia’s main export partners are China,Japan,South Korea,the USA and India,Singapore.【答案】F【解析】澳大利亚的主要出口合作伙伴是中国、日本、韩国、美国和印度，新加坡是主要进口合作伙伴。
3.For most of the history,the Australia state governments have been mean in granting irrigation rights to both small and large scale agriculturists【答案】F【解析】历史上，澳大利亚州政府长期以来，不论对经营规模大或小的农民在给予灌溉权方面一向是很慷慨的。
Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks.1.On Federation in______,Australia became an independent colony but until1940sit had little control in the field of______.【答案】1901;foreign affairs【解析】1901年联邦成立，澳大利亚成为独立的殖民地，但直到20世纪40年代之前澳大利亚在外交领域几乎没有外交权。
2.The Statute of Westminster Adoption Act,passed by the Curtin Government in 1942,provided that in future the______could only legislate for Australia at Australia’s specific request.【答案】British Government【解析】1942年，澳大利亚科廷政府通过威斯敏斯特接受法案。
《英语国家》自主学习指导
《英语国家概况》自主学习指导一、课程性质和学习目的学习本课程的目的是了解主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。
通过课文的学习和各种练习的实践，达到扩大知识面，巩固和提高英语水平的目的。
二、媒体资源1、文字主教材：《英语国家社会与文化入门》（上册），也称《英语国家概况（上册）》朱永涛主编，高等教育出版社，1997。
《英语国家社会与文化入门》（下册），也称《英语国家概况（下册）》朱永涛主编，高等教育出版社，1998。
2、文字复习材料：中央电大《英语国家概况（上册）（下册）期末复习考核说明3、网上资源介绍和要求网上可以获得的教学信息有：课程简介（或说明）、课程导学、责任教师介绍、教学大纲（中央电大提供）、教学实施方案细则、教学一体化设计、教学辅导文章和练习、期末复习指导及练习、考试说明、作业说明、口试和笔试样题、在线练习等共计11项以上。
大家可以登录“宁夏电大在线”后在《英语国家概况（上册）（下册》网页看到。
教学动态辅导信息：是指不定期的有关教学活动的安排。
这门课将在“宁夏电大在线”公告栏目中下达这方面的信息，当你看到和你有关的信息时请你积极参加，可以增加你上网时间得分。
BBS讨论：这门课的BBS是在宁夏电大在线的BBS上《英语国家概况（上册）（下册》，当你在学习方面遇到困难、困惑、意见、失去信心时都可以发帖子，责任教师和同学们一起帮你解决。
终结性考核IP课件点播：本课程共有IP期末复习课件，是中央电大提供综合性复习节目。
大家可以点击IP课件看到此节目。
网上讨论：这门课的网上讨论是教师组织大家的讨论学习心得和学习方法的地方，也是同学们之间进行网上小组活动的地方，同学们可以在约定的时间参加，责任教师在每周二下午3：00-5：00在线，请大家注意并积极参加网上活动。
三、学习方法建议《英语国家概况（上册）（下册）各为3学分，共计6学分。
计划学时各54学时。
《英语国家社会与文化入门》(第3版)(朱永涛、王立礼主编)(复习笔记 从种族主义到多元文化主义)【圣
20.1复习笔记I.Immigration in history1.The19th century2.White Australia Policy19013.Post World WarⅡperiod4.Multiculturalism from19735.Migration todayⅡ.Struggle of the Aboriginality1.The relationships between the colonizers and the Peoples of the Dreaming2.The Aboriginal Protection Act of19093.Day of Mourning and Protest4.The1946Stockmen’s Strike5.Strike of the Gurindji people in the1960s6.Freedom Rides in the1960s7.The Mabo Decision8.The Wik Decision9.Social inequality today10.Aboriginal culture todayⅢ.History Wars,Sorry Speech and Close the Gap programmes1.History Wars2.The Sorry Speech3.Close the Gap programmesI.Immigration in history（澳大利亚移民史）Since the1788European settlement,migration has accounted for up to50%of Australia’s population increase.自1788年第一批欧洲移民来到澳大利亚时起，澳大利亚的人口增长有一半来自移民。
1.The19th century（19世纪移民）(1)The gold rush（淘金热）The gold rush in the1850s attracted many free migrants,especially from China and Germany.19世纪50年代的澳大利亚淘金热吸引了大量自由移民者，其中以中国和德国人居多。
《英语国家社会与文化入门》(第3版)(朱永涛、王立礼主编)(考研真题与典型题详解 美国经济)【圣才出
5.2考研真题与典型题详解I.Multiple Choice1.In the United States,_____is a leading commercial crop in the South.A.cottonB.tobaccoC.peanutD.apple【答案】A【解析】棉花是美国南方主要的经济作物。
2._____is the largest sector of the American economy，accounting for about one quarter of GDP.A.AgricultureB.ManufacturingC.Service tradesD.Industry【答案】B【解析】制造业在美国经济中占有最大比重，占其GDP的四分之一。
3.In American economy,the basic role of the federal government is_____.A.to levy taxes on any businessB.to issue money for economyC.to set up banking and control money supplyD.to improve markets and protect each economic element from abuse【答案】D【解析】联邦政府的基本作用是改善市场和保护每一种经济元素。
4._____has been known as the automobile capital of the world.A.New YorkB.AtlantaC.PhiladelphiaD.Detroit【答案】D【解析】底特律有世界“汽车之城”的美称。
Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks.1.Before1900,the prevailing economic dogma had been laisser-faire,which meansthat_____.（四川大学2007研）【答案】the government should only preserve order and protect property and should interfere with commerce as little as possible【解析】20世纪之前，美国经济实行的是放任主义，政府尽可能少地干涉商业的发展。