新世纪研究生英语翻译(第五版)
Unit 5新世纪研究生英语阅读B课文 答案 翻译
Unit 5How to Raise a Polite Kid in This Rude World?Text and language pointsMention ill-mannered children and most people roll their eyes at the memory of a little hellion and his boorish parents. I still get angry about an incident that happened last summer.Mention ill-mannered children and most people roll their eyes at the memory of a little hellion and his boorish parents.When talking about children of bad manners, most people will show their annoyance by moving their eyes around in a circle and recall a trouble-making boy and his rude parents. roll one's eyes: move one’s eyes round and upwards, especially in order to show that one is annoyede.g. —— Marta rolled her eyes as Will started to tell another stupid joke.—— When he suggested they should buy a new car, she rolled her eyes in disbelief. hellion n. disorderly or troublesome person惹事生非的人；捣蛋鬼boorish a. resembling or characteristic of a boor; rude and clumsy in behavior; vulgar 粗野的e.g. —— I found him rather boorish and aggressive.——I‟m sick of your drunken, boorish behavior.一提到无礼的孩子, 大多数人都会因回想起惹是生非的小孩以及其粗鄙的父母而皱起眉头。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读C课后习题翻译
Unit 1Science is a kind of knowledge which is a very useful tool in solving the technical problems of industry, agriculture, warfare, and medicine. To understand the width and depth to which science can be applied to the material and spiritual problems that confront individuals and nations requires an understanding of what science really is.The word science comes to us from a Latin word, scire, which means “to know”. Then, in a broad sense, science is simply what we know, the total of all human knowledge. But the definition of science as all human knowledge would not be a workable one, for it is obvious that there are different types of knowledge. The kinds differ according to how the knowledge was obtained, and also according to what frame of experience it fits. What we know of the arts, literature, law, religion, and technical know-how, are more or less separate funds of knowledge. They have little to do with what we commonly call science.Science is also called natural science to distinguish it from other branches of learning. Science is concerned with nature, that is, with knowledge of the characteristics and operations of any and all natural things and happenings. Science embraces all of nature, and expresses our best ideas of how natural phenomena are related to each other and are to be formed into what is called the universe.Science has many characteristics, and to understand what science is requires a detailed examination of these properties and peculiarities. A number of writers have asserted that science is really only a metho d—the scientific method. Such a definition is an oversimplification, but it is certain that the science method plays an important role in determining the nature of scientific knowledge.Unit 3Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim is hardly believable. It is almost impossible not to read advertisements these days. Just think what fun they often provide! Imagine what a bus and railway station would be like without advertisements? Would you enjoy gazing helplessly at a bank wall while waiting for a bus or train? Would you like to read a daily paper closely-printed with columns of news? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or newspaper. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, radio or television stations could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper can enjoy so many programs on air is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! Another thing we mustn’t forget is the “small ads”which are in virtually every newspaper. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about everything can be accomplished through these columns, for instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death. It’s the advertisement among the advertisements.Unit fourFew great names in music spell as much magic to the average concert-goer as that of Tachaikowsky. In almost every musical from will be found a work of his ranking high inpopularity. And quite deservedly so. Tschaikowsky’s music is filled with a warm humanity and stirring drama. The themes and feeling are easy to grasp. The personal, intimate note is so strong in this music that we find it natural, while listening to the Pathetic Symphony or the Nutcracker Ballet Suite, for example, to share Tschaikowsky’s joys and sorrows. His music seems to take us into his confidence and show us the secret places of his heart. Although Tschaikowsky’s range of moods is wide—from the whimsical play of light fantasy to stormy outcries of anguish—essentially he was a melancholy man, in his music as in his life. Perhaps it is the genuineness of his music in conveying strong emotions and suffering that has drawn millions to his symphonies and concertos. A frank sincerity and warm-heartedness flow from his music. The best of his melodies linger hauntingly in the mind and heart. As long as sincere feeling expressed in sincere artistic from can move the hearts of men, Tschaikowsky’s music will continue to hold a high place in the concert hall and opera house.Only Beethoven and Mozart can rival Tschaikowsky in the number of compositions in various musical forms that stands out as repertory favorites. Tschaikowsky’s violin concerto is as much a “request”item as Beethoven’s. The Pathetic Symphony ranks with the three or four enduring favorites of the repertory. Tschaikowsky’s Nutcracker ballet is probably the most popular suite of its kind in music.Unit sixEmphasis on “practicalities” is being characterized by the subordination of the social sciences to the natural sciences. History is seen not as essential experience to be transmitted to new generations, but as abstractions that carry stale odors. Art is regarded as something that calls for indulgence or patronage and that has no place among the practical realities. Political science is viewed more as a specialized subject for people who want to go into politics than as an opportunity for citizens to develop a knowledgeable relationship with the systems by which human societies are governed. Finally, literature and philosophy are assigned the role of intellectual adornments that have nothing to do with “genuine” education.Noting is more valuable for anyone who has had a professional or vocational education than to be able to deal with abstractions or complexities, or to feel comfortable with subtleties of thought or language, or to think logically. The doctor who knows only about disease is at a disadvantage compared with the doctor who knows at least as much about people as he does about pathological organisms. For the technologist, the engineering of co-operation can be just as important as the engineering of moving parts.The social sciences would be expandable only if the human past never existed or had noting to tell us about the present; if thought processes were irrelevant to the achievement of purpose; if creativity was beyond the human mind and had nothing to do with the joy of living; if human relationships were random aspects of life; if human beings never had to cope with panic or pain, or if they never had to anticipate the connection between cause and effect; if all the mysteries of mind and nature were fully probed.Unit sevenWe live in a materialistic society and are nurtured from our earliest years to be acquisitive. Our possessions—“mine” and“yours” —are clearly labeled from early childhood. When we grow oldenough to earn a living, it does not surprise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money you earn. However, it not only in affluent societies that people are obsessed with the idea of making more money. Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets.Gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever. The wheels of the industry must be kept turning. Built-in obsolescence provides the means: goods are made to be discarded. You no sooner acquire this year’s model than you are thinking about its replacement.This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake. Every course of studies must lead somewhere, for example, to a bigger wage packet. The demand for hi-tech personnel far exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they have completed their studies. Tempting salaries and “fringe benefits” are offered to them. Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the “brain drain”, the phenomena in which highly skilled people offer their service to the highest bidder. The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens. While Mammon is worshipped as never before, the rich get richer and the poor, poorer.Unit elevenWe all associate colors with feeling and attitudes. In politics dark blue often means “tradition” and red means “social change”. But blue can also mean sadness, and white is often for purity, although in China white is worn for funerals, and red is used to express the joy of a wedding. In Western Europe white is worn at weddings and black for funerals. Advertisers are aware of the importance of selecting colors according to the way people react to them. Soap powders come in white and light blue packets (clean and cold, like ice); cereals often come in brown packets (like wheat fields), but cosmetics never come in brown jars (dirty.).Where do these ideas come from? Max Luscher from the University of Geneva believes that in the beginning life was dictated by two factors beyond our control: night and day. Night brought passivity, and a general slowing down of metabolism; day brought with it the possibility of action, and increase in the metabolic rate, thus providing us with energy and initiative. Dark blue, therefore, is the color of quiet and passivity, bright yellow the color of hope and activity.In prehistoric times, activity as rule took one of two forms: either we were hunting and attacking, or we were being hunted and defending ourselves against attack. Attack is universally represented by the color red; self-preservation by its complement green.。
研究生新世纪英语课文翻译
Unit 1 A Young Boy’s Ambition1.我小的时候，我们那密西西比河西岸的村镇上，玩伴们都只有一个永恒的志愿。
那就是当轮船上的水手。
我们也有其他种种暂时的愿望，可是那都只是暂时性的。
马戏团来到的时候和走了之后，总是使我们大家都燃起火热的希望，想当小丑；第一次到我们那带地方来的黑人游唱团使我们渴望着想试一试那种生活；我们不时还有一种希望，那就是，如果我们活在世上，品行挺好，上帝就会让我们当海盗。
这些愿望，一个一个地都先后幻灭了；可是想当轮船上的水手这种志愿却始终保持下来了。
2.一艘简陋而外表华丽的定班轮船从圣路易斯开上来，另一艘从奇阿库克往下游开，每天都要来到这里一次。
在这些大事出现之前，这一天使人充满了期望，显得光辉灿烂：这些大事过了之后，时光就变得死气沉沉，空空洞洞了。
不仅孩子们有这种感觉，整个村镇都是一样。
如今事隔多年，我仍旧能在心中描绘往日的情景，完全像当时那样：夏天早晨，白色的村镇在阳光中打盹；街上是空荡荡的，几乎一个人都没有：水街的杂货铺前面坐着一两个店员，他们把那木条椅面的椅子翘起来，靠在墙上，下巴顶在胸前，帽子垂下遮着脸，打着瞌睡一他们身边有许多削木瓦的碎片，这就说明是什么事情把他们累坏了：一只母猪和一窝猪仔在人行道上闲荡着，痛痛快快地啃着西瓜皮和瓜子：两三个孤零零的小货物堆在“码头”上闲臵着；石头铺的起卸码头的坡上有一堆“垫木”，镇上的流浪醉汉就在这木堆近旁酣睡着；码头上端有两三只平底木船，可是那拍打着这些船的小浪的柔和声响，却没有人倾听；伟大的密西西比河，壮丽、辉煌的密西西比河，让它那一英里宽的洪流滚滚奔腾下去，在阳光中放出闪光；河对岸的远处是茂密的森林；村镇上游的“地角”和下游的“地角”截断了河上景色的视线，把它变成了一片海面，而且这海面还是风光明媚、沉寂而幽静的。
随后有一股黑烟在远处的一个“地角”上空升腾起来；立刻就有一个以眼睛特别快、嗓子特别响出名的黑人运货马车夫高声喊道：“火——轮——船——来了!”于是情况就变了!镇上那个醉汉翻身起来，那几个店员也醒了，随后就是运货马车的一阵狂暴的响声，每户人家和每个铺子里都涌出一股人流，转瞬之间，这个死气沉沉的村镇就热闹起来了、活动起来了。
新世纪研究生英语A课文翻译超缩便携版(可正反打印)
英翻汉：第二单元：(因特网不能做什么)第1段："It is impossible that old prejudices and hostilities should longer exist, while such an instrument has been created for the exchange of thought between all the nations of the earth." acclaimed Victorian enthusiasts on the arrival in 1858 of the first transatlantic telegraph cable. People say that sort of thing about new technologies, even today. Biotechnology is said to be the cure for world hunger. The sequencing of the human genome will supposedly eradicate cancer and other diseases. The wildest optimism, though, has greeted the Internet. A whole industry of cyber gurus has enthralled audiences (and made a fine living)with exuberant claims that the Internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality. However, although the Internet is still young enough to inspire idealism, It has also been around long enough to test whether the prophets can be right.在1858年第一根横穿大西洋的通讯电缆铺设成功时，维多利亚时代的积极分子们曾欢呼说：“像电报这种为世界各国交流思想的工具诞生之后；那些根深蒂固的偏见与敌意不可能再长时间存在了。
北京理工大学新世纪研究生英语教程第五版课后习题答案
Unit2 Text A The New Economics of OilGlobal ReadingTask 2Suggested answers1. Firstly, because producers need the cash from oil too much to let their supply be interrupted for long. Secondly, and more important, because demand growth can't push prices upward as long as it is balanced by supply growth.2. Because if they do, non-OPEC sources will grab market share by developing fields where technology has made production affordable.3. Because technology lets the companies maintain healthy earnings at steadily lower oil prices.4. Those that master technology and efficiency, such as Shell, Exxon, and British Petroleum. Task 3Suggested summary1. The article aims at establishing the idea that oil price will not rise even as demand soars. To begin with, the author shows the increasing consumption of oil around the world and the impact of technology on oil industry. By giving several examples, he draws the conclusion that the need for cash and dependence on technology leads to the fact that oil prices will even fall. Furthermore, technological updating, slashing the costs of finding, producing, and refining oil, is also a reason to support the author's point. There is evidence that technology lets the world companies maintain healthy earnings at lower oil prices. In conclusion, cheap oil accelerates the world economy, and a downside price scenario is increasingly likely.Detailed ReadingTask 2Suggested answers1. C2. D3. C4. A5. D6. A7. A8. BTask 3Suggested answers1. sank2. vulnerable3. fueling4. notwithstanding5. understated6. dire7. overwhelmed8. grease9. faring10. cutting edgeTask 5Suggested answers:1. According to government statistics, in the United States, there are over 110 million cars and 15 million commercial vehicles or trucks. And "more people" means "more cars". By the end of the twenties of the twenty-first century, the population of the United States will have doubled that of today and the number of automobiles will be doubled as well. And in twenty years' time the per capita income will also be2.5 times higher than it is now. If this increased income is spent on more and larger automobiles, larger houses, and increased consumption of other material goods, the results could cause catastrophic resource exhaustion, and pollution.Unit6 Text A The Myth of the Paperless OfficeGlobal ReadingTask 2Suggested answers1. precious space, one place , indexlinking ability .2. hot; acted on ;warm; urgency; cold; immediate attention3. annoyances/disadvantages; fuzzy; glare ;scroll ; fixed4. listening;talking;comfort;subtle clues; prompt reporting; revising5. selling;desire; taking control; overwhelmed6. First, paper has some hidden advantages over computers especially in the following three aspects — reading, writing and personal satisfaction in delivery. Furthermore, computers can't replace paper completely in some activities such as air-traffic control and writing up police reports.Task 3Suggested summary1. The author states at the beginning of the article that despite the emergence of technologies and the prediction of paperless office by many people for several decades, we still rely heavily on paper in our daily lives. Then he uses his own analysis and what Sellen and Harper have discovered as his proof to illustrate why human beings still cannot stop using paper. By citing Sellen and Harper's description of the layout of files on a typical desk in an office, the author illustrates that paper has some hidden advantages over computers especially in the following three aspects — reading, writing and personal satisfaction in delivery. Furthermore, he analyzes two activities —air-traffic control and writing up police reports studied by Sellen and Harper, which has revealed that in these two activities computers can't replace paper completely. Then he suggests two reasons for such a chimera as paperless office, and finally, states that at least for now paperless office looks both unlikely and pointless.Detailed ReadingTask 2Suggested answers1. A2. C3. A4. B5. C6. B7. C8. D9. D10. ATask 3Suggested answers1. on the horizon2. lay hands on3. glare4. thumb through5. flicking through6. fall short in7. compromised8. unfolded9. streamline10. comes down toTask 5Suggested answers:1. Over a long period of time, electronic media is/are unlikely to replace such traditional media as paper. First of all, not anyone can afford to have a computer and can log on/surf the Internet at any place due to financial factors, geographical conditions and various other factors. In addition, the verification of some important contacts requires unique authenticity. Any photocopy and duplication is ineffective. What's more, one person's handwriting contains particular information which can not be replaced by digital media.Unit7 Text A Competition Is DestructiveGlobal ReadingTask 2Suggested answers1. undermines self-esteem;poisons relationships;holds us back;2. a specified contribution;a certain score;a time limit;3. working together;works with / feel warmly/half ;4. other way/alternative;self-doubt;dependent on ;5. the structure;the individuals;competition;Task 3Suggested summary1. Suggested SummaryBy using the game of musical chairs, the author illustrates that competition is destructive not only in our daily work but also in entertainments. It is important and possible to change the form of the game by way of turning an opponent into a partner: Everyone on the field can work together for a common goal (teamwork) instead of competing with each other (team competition). Cooperative games and sports provide satisfaction and challenge without competition. The reason that a large number of people insist that we can't do without win/lose activities is that they don't know any other way and that they overlook the psychological costs of competition and the toxic effect of competition on our relations. Competition is not conducive to trust and it may lead one to look at others through narrowed eyes and even invite outright aggression. We are inclined to blame individuals for all this, but it is the structure of the game itself which causes competition. To solve the problem of competition, we need to be teaching our children how to enjoy themselves without competition.Detailed ReadingTask 2Suggested answers1. C2. B3. A4. A5. C6. B7. D8. C9. B10. CTask 3Suggested answers1. competed against2. benign3. triumphed over4. attributed5. outdid6. misplace7. overlook8. am suspicious of9. were detested10. eruptTask 5Suggested answers:1. "Competition" usually brings out the best in people, as they strive to be top in their field, whether in sport, community affairs, politics or work. In fact, fair and friendly competition often leads to new sporting achievements, scientific inventions or outstanding effort in solving a community problem. When competition becomes unfriendly or bitter, though, conflict can begin - and this can bring out the worst in people.Unit 10 Why we strive for statusGlobal ReadingTask 2Suggested answers1. What is the writer's attitude in the sentence "The drive for dominance skews our perception, colors our friendships, shapes our moods and affects our health"? (para. 2)The author takes a negative attitude. Usually, the verbs color, shape and affect are neutral in indicating meanings, but in this context they express negative meanings.2. How do you understand the sentence "If the tendency showed up only in certain societies, it would be easier to dismiss as something we learn"? (para.4)If the relentless one-upmanship were only limited within very few sample groups, it would be easily neglected because we could only regard that as an exception.3. In which way do zoologists support the anthropological point on the biologically endowed one-upmanship?Anthropologists point out that the same pattern can be seen everywhere while the zoologists show a wide variety of animals inferior and superior which illustrate the same pattern too.4. What are the differences between men being powerful and powerless? Men who achieve high status enjoy more sex with more partners wheresas men who are just unemployed may lose their marriages as well asself-esteem.5. In which ways are modern men the same as, and also different from Genghis Khan? Modern men are the same as Genghis Khan in that they all strive for high status, but different in that modern men tend to rule by consent and try to avoid fighting.6. Do males always have to fight for power? Why or why not?Not necessarily, for the most durable leaders are the ones who govern by consent and try to avoid fighting.Unit 13 Giving credit where debt is dueGlobal ReadingTask 2Suggested answers1. How many credit cards does the average American have?4.2. What is a "sub-prime" borrower?People who have a bad credit history.3. What were the spending habits of people in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?People regarded debt in a very negative way. They always tried to pay off their debts in a timely manner.4. How has credit card spending changed in the United States since the 1960s?In the 1960s most borrowers paid off their credit card balances monthly. Since then, many people have amassed credit card debt.Unit 1我静静地躺着，等待着。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读b原文翻译unit-10
Unit 10 Is Science Dangerous? Uite10课文译文科学危险吗？Lewis Wolpert 刘易斯·沃尔珀特Does society need protecting from scientific advances? Most emphatically not, so long as scientists themselves and their employers are committed to full disclosure of what they know.人类社会需要保护以抵挡科学发展带来的危险吗？当然不需要，只要科学家及其雇主们致力于公开他们所知道的一切详情。
1. The idea that knowledge is dangerous is deeply embedded in our culture. Adam and Eve were forbidden to eat from the biblical Tree of Knowledge, and in Milton’s Paradise Lost the ser pent addresses the Tree as the ―Mother of Science‖. The archangel Raphael advises Adam to be ―lowly wise‖when he tries to question him about the nature of the Universe. Indeed, Western literature is filled with images of scientists meddling with nature, with disastrous results. Scientists are portrayed as a soulless group, unconcerned with ethical issues.1．知识是危险的这一观念在我们的文化中根深蒂固。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材 阅读C课后翻译
课后Unit 11．Has the importance of technology been stressed over that of the humanities at a time when perhaps the converse should be ture?在一个也许更需要强调人文学科的重要性的时代里，是否相反过分强调了技术的重要性？2．Thus the art of architecture and its decoration—the post-office mural or the restored Williamsburg –are forced on millions who, left to themselves, might live in a cave or a tent.于是，建筑及其装饰艺术，如邮局墙面上的壁饰或是复原的威廉斯堡，强加给了成百上千万人，如果任其自然，这些人就会生活在洞穴或帐篷里面。
3．On the surface, these uses appear more individual than social, more self-indulgent than altruistic.从表面上来看，这些用途是个人的而不是社会的，是自我陶醉而不是利他主义。
4．We may acknowledge the desirability of devoting human energies to killing viruses and improving our neighbors; but it does not follow that all rewards and research funds should go to projects for the immediate relief of pain and sorrow .我们可以赞赏把人类精力投入到杀死病毒并改善我们邻里环境的愿望，但是这并不意味着所有的奖赏和研究基金都应该分配给旨在立即消除疼痛和悲伤的项目上去。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课文原文及翻译
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课文原文及翻译Unit1Party PoliticsJudith Martin1. Etiquette at an office party? Why, these people have been socializing happily every working day of their lives, give or take a few melees, rumors, and complaint petitions. All it takes to turn this into holiday merriment is a bit of greenery looped around the office—the staff will soon be looped, too. Surely it is enough that the annual Christmas party has the magic ingredients: time off from work, free food and drink, and a spirit of fun replacing such ugly work realities as sexual harassment.2. Furthermore, partygoers figure, it offers relief from such pesky obligations as thanking anyone or being kind to wallflowers because there really aren‟t any hosts. Nobody has to pay (that same Nobody who generously provides the telephone line for long-distance personal calls), and so nobody‟s feelings need be considered.3. This is all pure hospitality—there for the taking, like the office-supplied felt-tipped pens everyone has been pocketing all year. Out of the natural goodness of its corporate heart and the spirit of the holiday season, the company wishes only to give its employees a roaring good time, and the employees, out of loyalty and the thrill of getting to know their bosses off-duty as equals, delight in the opportunity.4. For those still dimly aware of the once-standard give-and-take of real social life, this no-fault approach to business entertaining seems a godsend. In the now-rare domain of genuine society, hosts are supposed to plan and pay for the entertainment of their guests, on their own time and in their own houses. Guests have strict duties, as well—from answering invitations to cooperating with all arrangements, even to the extent of pronouncing them perfectly lovely.5. Business entertaining appears to remove the burdens of time, effort, money, individual responsibility—and the etiquette connected with them. The people who do the planning are paid for their trouble, so those who benefit need not consider they have incurred a debt. Why, the annual Christmas party ought to be an inspiration to lower-level employees to work their way into realms where company-sponsored partying can be enjoyed all year long.6. Not so fast. Flinty Miss Manners does not recognize any holidays from etiquette. (Employees, if not employers, should consider themselves lucky that she is only on the Party Committee, not the one that might take up ethical questions about those pens and calls.) Office parties differ from private ones but are no freer from rules.7. If it were indeed true that everyone has a better time without etiquette, Miss Manners could easily be persuaded to take the day off. But having long served on the Office Party Etiquette Cleanup subcommittee, she is aware that things generally do not go well when there is no recognized etiquette and everyone is forced to improvise.8. Let us look at all this spontaneous, carefree fun: There being no proper place for the boss, he or she hangs around the door, concerned about mixing with everyone. It might discourage hospitable bosses to see guests staring at them in horror and then slithering in by a side door. But etiquette‟s solution of having everyone greeted in a receiving line was rejected as too stiff. So one can hardly blame employees for recalling a long-ingrained principle of the workplace: Seeing the boss and having a good time are best not scheduled at the same time.9. Desperate to make the time count, the boss grabs the nearest available person and startsdelivering practiced words about the contribution he makes to their great enterprise. The reaction is not quite what was hoped for. Discreet questioning establishes that this is an employee‟s guest. He doesn‟t work for the company, recognize the boss, or appreciate the attention—and, as a matter of fact, has only a passing acquaintance with the employee who issued the invitation. What this guest wants is not professional fellowship but a fresh drink, if the boss would kindly step out of the way.10. Now, the reason the invitation said “and guest” was to avoid the ticklish issue of who is still married to whom and what the spouse calls itself. Last year, unmarried employees were furious when their partners were not included, and married employees complained that the forms by which their spouses were addressed were offensive: “Mrs.” offended women who preferred “Ms.,” and wives who had the same surnames outraged everybody who didn‟t. This year, the complaints will be from spouses who were not told that there was a party or who were told that spouses weren‟t invited—but found out otherwise. There won‟t be many complaints. They will, however, be memorable, darkly charging the company with promoting immorality.11. Meanwhile, what about those who are interested in promoting a bit of immorality, or just plain romance, of their own? They, too, are creating problems that will reach far into the new year. True office romances are the least of them, with their charges of favoritism and melding professional and personal time. More serious is the fact that, in spite of the liquor and high spirits, it still counts as sexual harassment when anyone with supervisory powers makes unreciprocated overtures to a lower-ranking employee. And foolhardy when a lower-ranking employee annoys a higher-ranking one.12. Some employees have their minds only on business and will be spending party time actively promoting workaday concerns. Remembering the company rhetoric about open communications and all being in this together, they will actually seek out the boss, who by this time is grateful to be addressed by anyone at all.13. But they do n‟t want to engage in platitudes. They accept compliments with: “Well, then how about a raise?” They plead for promotions, explain confidentially who ought to be fired, and advance previously submitted ideas about revolutionizing the business that have been unaccountably unappreciated for years. In one evening, they manage to cut through the entire hierarchy and procedures the boss has painstakingly established for the purpose of being spared this kind of importuning.14. Eventually—usually somewhat late in the party—it occurs to someone that this informal setting is just the time to offer the boss some constructive personal criticism. What else does talking frankly and informally mean but an invitation to unload opinions without any career consequence?15. Here is where the company has pulled a fast one on its employees. “Go ahead,” it has said, “relax, have a good time, forget about the job.” And the naive have taken this at face value. This event is called a party—a place where one lets loose without worrying about being judged by the cold standard of professional usefulness.16. Even employees who adhere strictly to standard business dress in the office may not know what the bosses might consider vulgar in evening wear. Here is a chance to show off their racy and imaginative off-duty clothes. But over there are supervisors murmuring that people who look like that can‟t really be sent out to represent the company.17. Worse are the comments on anyone whose idea of fun is a little boisterous. It may be just thebehavior that makes one a delight—or a trial—to one‟s friends. But here, it is not being offered for the delight or tolerance of friends. It is being judged on criteria other than whether the person is a riot.18. It is not that Miss Manners wants to spoil the office party by these warnings. She just wants to prevent it from spoiling careers. And the solution is what was banished from the party for being too inhibiting: etiquette.19. The first formality that must come back is inviting everyone by name. The practice of merely counting every invitation as two is as dangerous as it is unflattering. But people who have been clearly identified and told that they must respond—the suggestion must be made neutrally, to show that the party is a treat, not a requirement—already have some sense that they are both individually sought after and expected to be responsible.20. What constitutes a couple is a murkier question than Miss Manners and any sensible employer ought to investigate, but employees simply can be asked to supply the name of a spouse or friend they want to invite. (An office party can be limited by confining it to employees, in which case it should be held during office hours. But inviting spouses and such is better. Having to work is enough distract ion from one‟s more intimate relationships, and the staff was not compiled like a guest list, according to personal compatibility.21. Since we have established, Miss Manners hopes, that the point of an office party is not whooping it up or telling people off, what is it? It is showing appreciation of the staff.22. This starts with a well-run receiving line. However much popular opinion may regard receiving lines as nasty ordeals, they were invented to be, and remain, the easiest way to get everyone recognized by the key people. The oldest receiving-line trick in the world still works: Someone whose business it is to know everyone—or someone unimportant enough to be able to ask each guest his name—announces the guests to the host as they go through the line. The host can then scornfully declare: “Of course I know Annette. We couldn‟t run this place without her.” For extra charm, the employee‟s guest is also told how wonderful that employee is. This always seems more sincere than straight-out flattery, and from then on, whenever the employee complains that everyone at the office is an idiot, the spouse will counter by repeating that appreciation.23. It is often erroneously assumed that the style of the party ought to be what employees are used to: their own kind of music, food, and other things the executive level believes itself to have outgrown. Nonsense. What employees want is a taste of high-level entertaining. This may vary greatly according to the nature of the business. If, however, the party is too formal for the employees‟ taste, they‟ll get a good laugh and enjoy the contrast all the more when they continue partying on their own afterward.24. The clever employee will dress as the executives do, keeping in mind that there are few fields in which people are condemned for looking insufficiently provocative. Refusing or limiting drinks is not the handicap at business parties that it may be under the overly hospitable eye of a private host. And the real opportunity for career advancement is not petitioning a boss but rescuing one who has been cornered or stranded, thus demonstrating that one knows how to talk charmingly about nonbusiness matters.25. At the end, there is another receiving line. That is, the bosses plant themselves conspicuously by the exit, grabbing the hand of anyone trying to get away and thanking him for coming. Even the dimmest guest will then realize it is appropriate to thank back—that is, to realize that something has been offered and deserves gratitude.26. After all, isn‟t that why the office Christmas party is given?27. If the only goal were for the company to show the staff its appreciation, this could be effectively done with a day off and a bonus to go with it.第一单元晚会之道朱迪丝•马丁1. 办公室晚会礼节？有这个必要吗？员工们每天开开心心地彼此交往，虽然时不时会推推撞撞，发生点儿口角，传播点儿谣言，或是联名写点儿投诉信。
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Unit 1我静静地躺着，等待着。
突然，窗外的生机引起了我的注意：昆虫在和鸣；邻居坐在阳台上，直到深夜，他们说话的声音有些模糊，那声音让我平静下来。
我闻到了新割的青草的气息。
还有一种说不清的声音—可能是树枝扫过隔壁店铺的屋顶吧。
Lying still, waiting, I suddenly notice the life outside the window. The bugs sing in chorus. Neighbors, sitting on their verandas until late, speak in hazy words with sanded edges that soothe me. I catch the scent of fresh grass clippings. Then I hear something I can’t decode-perhaps a tree branch raking the shop roof next door.Unit2根据政府统计，美国现有一亿一千多万辆汽车，1500万商业用车或卡车。
更多的人口也就意味着更多的汽车。
到21世纪20年代末，美国人口和汽车都将是今天的两倍。
20年后，个人平均收入也将是今天的2.5倍。
如果把这些增加的收入花在更多、更大型的轿车、更宽大的房子上，花在增加其他商品的消费上，就必然导致资源枯竭和污染。
According to government statistics, in the United States, there are over 110 million cars a nd 15 million commercial vehicles or trucks. And “more people”means“more cars.”By the end of the twenties of the twenty-first century, the population of the United States will have doubled that of today and the number of automobiles will be doubled as well. And in twenty years’time the per capita income will also be 2.5 times higher than it is now. If this increased income is spent on more and larger automobiles, larger houses, and increased consumption of other material goods, the results could cause catastrophic resource exhaustion, and pollution.Unit3克隆研究正在挑战遗传现象中的许多传统观点。
一种共识是人类行为甚至我们这个复杂的社会在某种程度上来说是由基因决定的。
社会主义者一直在质疑这种过于简单化的观点，指出人类在很久以前就已挣脱了进化的束缚。
Cloning studies are challenging many orthodox views in genetics .A common idea is that human behavior and e ven our complex society are somehow “determined” by our genes. Socialists have always challenged this simplistic viewpoint, pointing out that humans long ago broke free of evolution.Unit4在2005年发生的一连串的灾害中，没有一个能比得上飓风卡特里娜（Katrina）和雷塔（Rita）带给美国人的巨大恐惧。
面对被掩埋的城市和冲毁的海岸线惨景，建筑师们的反应是：“我们能做点什么？”当务之急是给遭受飓风袭击的人们提供住所。
In the cascade of catastrophes occurring in 2005, none struck Americans more forcefully than Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. In response to the images of drowned cities and blasted coastlines, architects thro ughout the country have asked, “What can we do?” No single aspect commands our collective attention more immediately than housing for storm victims.Unit5根据英国政府昨日公布的计划，如何应对地球上的气候变化威胁将成为英国民用空间战略的核心内容。
根据英国国家航天中心（British National Space Centre）起草的战略，英国科学家将开发卫星和先进观测技术，能够从轨道上监测地球的森林采伐状况、冰盖融化情况和恶劣天气。
Tackling the threat of climate change on earth will be the heart of Britain’s civilian space strategy under plans laid out recently by the government . British scientists are to develop satellites and advanced observation technologies capable of looking back at earth from orbit to monitor deforestation, the melting of ice caps and violent weather, according to a strategy drawn up by the British National Space Centre.Unit6在很长一段时间内，电子化的媒介是不可能取代纸张这样的传统媒介的。
首先，由于经济条件、地理条件等各种因素的限制，不是任何人在任何地点都有电脑，都能够上网。
其次，一些重要合同文书的验证，要求其独一无二的真实性，任何拷贝复制再生都是无效的。
另外，文字笔迹具有独特的信息，使数字化手段代替不了的。
Over a long period of time, electronic media is/are unlikely to replace such traditional media as paper .First of all, not anyone can afford to have a computer and can log on/surf the Internet at any place due to financial factors, geographical conditions and various other factors. In addition, the verification of some important contracts requires unique authenticity. Any photocopy and duplication is ineffect ive. What’s more ,one person’s handwriting contains particular information which can not be replaced by digital media.Unit7不管是在运动场上、商界、政界还是其他领域，人们都力争成为本领域最为优秀的人，这是竞争通常展示的人的最好的一面。
事实上，公平、友好的竞争常常会产生新的体育运动成果、科学发明或者解决社会问题的有效方法。
而当竞争充满敌意或是很残酷时，就可能产生对抗—这就会显现出人的最恶劣的一面。
“Competition”usually brings out the best in people , as they strive to be top in their field , whether in sport , community affairs, politics or work. In fact, fair and friendlycompetition often leads to new sporting achievements, scientific inventions or outstanding efforts in solving a community problem. When competition becomes unfriendly or bitter, though, conflict can begin--and this can bring out the worst in people.Unit8太阳给地球提供的能量非常巨大。
太阳照射地球约40分钟所产生的能量足以供人类使用一年。
可以说，太阳能是真正取之不尽、用之不竭的能源。
而且太阳能发电绝对清洁，无公害。
所以太阳能被誉为理想的能源。
The sun’s capability to power the planet is phenomenal. When exposed to the sun for about 40 minutes, the earth can receive an unimaginably huge amount of energy enough to supply our e ntire needs for one year’s energy consumption. Besides, solar power is said to be an inexhaustible source. Solar power is absolutely clean and without pollution. Thus it is regarded as an ideal power to the people.Unit9一名足球裁判因在执法比赛时射入一球而被停职。