2005年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2005年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 【B1】this is largely because, 【B2】animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 【B3】to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 【B4】the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 【B5】, we are extremely sensitive to smells, 【B6】we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 【B7】human smells even when these are 【B8】to far below one part in one million. Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 【B9】others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 【B10】smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 【B11】to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 【B12】can suddenly become sensitive to it when 【B13】to it often enough. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 【B14】to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 【B15】new receptors if necessary. This may 【B16】explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not 【B17】of the usual smell of our own house, but we 【B18】new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 【B19】for unfamiliar and emergency signals 【B20】the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1．【B1】A．althoughB．asC．butD．while正确答案：C解析：逻辑关系判断。

空后的一句并非是对前一句的真正原因的阐释，前后逻辑关系更应该是转折，而非其它。

2．【B2】A．aboveB．unlikeC．excludingD．besides正确答案：B解析：逻辑关系判断。

前后是对比关系，应该选”unlike”。

3．【B3】A．limitedB．committedC．dedicatedD．confined正确答案：A解析：词义辨析。

第三句话对第二句话的意思进行说明，指出”人的鼻子局限于某些气味—飘浮于空中的气味”，那么选”limited”比较合适。

4．【B4】A．catchingB．ignoringC．missingD．tracking正确答案：C解析：词义辨析。

后半句对前半句进行说明，所填词意思与perceiving意思相对，所以应用missing。

5．【B5】A．anywayB．thoughC．insteadD．therefore正确答案：C解析：逻辑关系判断。

提示词”In fact”，暗示我们这里内容和文章开始部分相反，正确答案”instead”，表达了这种转折关系，为正确答案。

如果选” though”或” therefore”，那么就与”In fact”无法搭配。

6．【B6】A．even ifB．if onlyC．only ifD．as if正确答案：A解析：逻辑关系判断。

根据上下义，这一句表示让步关系，意思是”即使我们一般不会意识到某些气味，但我们仍然对这些东西感觉灵敏”。

符合这一要求的只有”even if”。

7．【B7】A．distinguishingB．discoveringC．determiningD．detecting正确答案：D解析：形近词辨析。

本题要求选一个跟气味能搭配的动词，由前一句话可以了解到其实就是要捕捉气味的意思。

那么，选项”detecting”是对的。

这里也请注意，本文是说”鼻子嗅觉”方面的。

那么凡是说到捕捉气味的动词，要优先考虑，在本文有好几个选项都是选这样的动词。

8．【B8】A．dilutedB．dissolvedC．dispersedD．diffused正确答案：A解析：难词辨义。

diluted表示”冲淡”的意思，句意为”即使这些气味的浓度冲淡到原来的百万分之一，人们仍然能够捕捉到这些气味”。

9．【B9】A．whenB．sinceC．forD．whereas正确答案：D解析：逻辑关系判断。

第二段首句中的提示词”Strangely”，暗示这里要出现一个转折．要填的词必须表达这种对比。

很明显”whereas”是正确答案。

10．【B10】A．unusualB．particularC．uniqueD．typical正确答案：B解析：副词辨析。

其他选项放到原文都不符合逻辑。

11．【B11】A．signsC．messagesD．impulses正确答案：C解析：词义辨析。

前半句说”这些接收器能够感觉到气味”，既然能够感觉到气味，那说明已经有了信息。

因此”messages”是正确答案，这里的stimuli和impulses仅仅谈到受到刺激，还没有形成信息，与整个句子的逻辑不相吻合。

12．【B12】A．at firstB．at allC．at largeD．at times正确答案：A解析：固定搭配。

根据句子中间的意思”刚开始对某种气味不灵敏的人能够灵敏起来”，这表示嗅觉灵敏度变化的一个过程。

而本题涉及的是第一个过程，所以应该是”at first”。

13．【B13】A．subjectedB．leftC．drawnD．exposed正确答案：D解析：固定搭配。

”exposed to”表示”接触”。

14．【B14】A．ineffectiveB．incompetentC．inefficientD．insufficient正确答案：C解析：逻辑关系判断。

由该句可以看出：大脑关闭一些嗅觉接收器，这样使嗅觉接收达到最有效的程度。

反之，如果让所有的嗅觉接收器每时每刻都工作，毫无疑问，嗅觉接收效率不高。

所以选”inefficient”。

15．【B15】A．introduceB．summonC．trigger正确答案：C解析：词义辨析。

所填词后面的意思对前面转折，前面讲大脑关闭一些嗅觉接收器，这样使嗅觉接收达到最有效的程度，而这里有必要可以激活，因为receptors是本身就有的，不用重新create，只用trigger一下可以了。

16．【B16】A．stillB．alsoC．otherwiseD．nevertheless正确答案：B解析：语义判断。

本句承接前一句的解释，这里指上述提高嗅觉接收有效率的原理，也能解释另外一种现象：每个人对于自己的气味不太敏感。

这样表示递进关系的”also”是正确答案。

17．【B17】A．sureB．sickC．awareD．tired正确答案：C解析：固定搭配。

”be aware of”意为”意识到”。

18．【B18】A．tolerateB．repelC．neglectD．notice正确答案：D解析：词义辨析。

这里谓语动词应该是前一句谓语动词的同义词，也就是”意识到”、”注意到”的意思，那么”notice”为正确答案。

19．【B19】A．availableB．reliableC．identifiableD．suitable正确答案：A解析：固定搭配。

”available for”意为”可用于”。

20．【B20】A．similar toB．such asC．along withD．aside from正确答案：B解析：词组用法辨析。

在这个空的前面提到”不熟悉的和紧急的信号”，后面提到”对烟的气味”，这是举一个例子，是前面所说信号的一种。

所以”such as”为正确答案。

Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services”than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different. In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her taken, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the re searcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin. The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings ofrighteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved in dependently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21．In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ______.A．posing a contrastB．justifying an assumptionC．making a comparisonD．explaining a phenomenon正确答案：C解析：作者写作手法判断。