英语修辞格的译法
英语中的修辞手法及英英释义
英语中的修辞手法及英英释义英语中的修辞手法有很多种，以下是其中几种常见的修辞手法及其英英释义：1.Metaphor（隐喻）：a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is used torepresent something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity or parallelism between the two.2.Simile（明喻）：a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is used torepresent something by comparing it to another thing, using words such as "like" or "as" to make the comparison.3.Synecdoche（提喻）：a figure of speech in which a part is used to representthe whole or vice versa, such as using the term "head" to refer to a person's entire body.4.Personification（拟人）：a figure of speech in which non-human objects orconcepts are given human characteristics or abilities, such as using words like "the night sings" to describe the darkness.5.Hyperbole（夸张）：a figure of speech in which an object or event isexaggerated or exaggerated for effect, such as using words like "I wasstarving for days" to describe a short period of hunger.6.Irony（反讽）：a figure of speech in which the intended meaning of astatement is the opposite of its literal meaning, such as using words like"nice weather we're having" when it's raining.7.Oxymoron（矛盾修饰法）：a figure of speech in which two opposite orcontradictory words or phrases are used together to create a paradoxicaleffect, such as using words like "bittersweet" to describe a mixed feeling of happiness and sadness.这些修辞手法都可以增强语言的表达力，帮助传达更深刻的意义。
第九讲 修辞格的翻译2
双关；Pun
1）美国作家海明威的小说名 A Farewell to Arms 中的 “arms”一语双关，第一层意思为 “武器”， 代表帝国主义战争，第二层意思为 “手臂”，代表 拥抱与爱情，该词点出了他这部作品的双重主题。 此书有两个汉译本，一本把书名译为《永别了，武 器》，另一本处理成《战地春梦》，在体现书名里 的双关语这一点上，后一种译法更为恰切：“战” 与 “春”分别译出原文 arms 的两层意思。
顶真；Anadiplosis 1) 有个农村叫张家庄 张家庄 张家庄，张家庄 张木匠。 张家庄 张家庄有个张木匠 张木匠 张木匠有个好老婆，外号叫“小飞娥 小飞娥”。小 张木匠 小飞娥 小 飞娥生了个女儿叫艾艾。（赵树理：《登 飞娥 记》）There was a village called Zhangjia Village，where lived Carpenter Zhang，who had a good wife，nicknamed Little Moห้องสมุดไป่ตู้h， who gave birth to a girl called Ai’ai.
脚韵 （Rhyme） 1) 饭来张口，衣来伸手 口 手 have only to open one’s mouth to be fed and hold out one’s hands to be dressed ---- lead an easy life 2) 秦时明月汉时关， 关 万里长征人未还。（王昌龄：《从军行〈之三〉》） 还 The age-old moon still shines o’er the ancient Great Wall， But our frontier guardsmen have not come back at all.
英语常用修辞格的翻译
省略；Ellipsis
eg：妈妈让他洗碗，她就不洗。 译文：Mother tells her to wash the dishes， but she will not（do it）
移就；Transferred Epithet
把本来用以修饰人的形容词移属于同人有关的抽象物 或具体物，这种貌似错误、实为妙用的修辞格叫做 “移就”（Transferred Epithet），它通过词语巧妙 的“移植”，来取得常规搭配所无法得到的效果。
转喻；Metonymy
Biblioteka eg： 秃头站在白背心的略略正对面，弯了腰， 去研究背心上的文字。（鲁迅：《示众》） 译文：Baldy，standing almost directly opposite White Jerkin，stooped to study the characters written on his jerkin. 有时采用意译更为合适 eg： 英雄所见略同。 译文：Great minds think alike.
递升；Climax
把事物按由小到大、由短到长、由低到高、由轻到重、由近 到远、由易到难、由浅到深等次序说下去，这种修辞手法叫 递升，英语里称作 climax。运用这一修辞手法，能够使要表 达的思想逐步加深、感情逐步强化，因而能增强语言的说服 力和感染力。 eg：事情就是这样，他来进攻，我们把他消灭了，他就舒服了。 消灭一点，舒服一点；消灭得多，舒服得多；彻底消灭，彻 底舒服。（ 毛泽东：《关于重庆谈判》） 译文：This is the way things are：if they attack and we wipe them out，they will have that satisfaction；wipe out some，some satisfaction；wipe out more，more satisfaction；wipe out the whole lot，complete satisfaction.
浅析英语习语中的修辞手法及其汉译
浅析英语习语中的修辞手法及其汉译作者：张枫来源：《新课程·教研版》2009年第21期摘要:习语是各种修辞手段的集中表现。
本文分析了英语习语的修辞特点,提出英语习语的翻译策略,有助于人们更好地理解与欣赏英语习语的文化内涵,提高运用语言的能力。
关键词:英语习语修辞翻译如果说英语习语是语言文化中一道美味的菜肴,修辞艺术就是这道菜肴中必不可少的调料。
多种多样的修辞手法美化和人化了英语习语,其中常用的修辞手法有明喻、暗喻、转喻、提喻、拟人、夸张、对照等等。
谙熟其修辞方式,了解其翻译的规律,有助于我们更好地理解与欣赏英语习语的文化内涵,提高运用语言的能力。
本文就英语习语中几种常见的修辞格及其翻译方法粗略地谈谈自己的看法。
一、英语习语中常见修辞格1.明喻(The simile)。
明喻就是用甲事物直接比作乙事物,把本体和喻体通过比喻词联系起来,以便使事物的形象更加逼真,说理更加透彻,具有说服力。
常用比喻词有as,like,seem,as though 等。
例如:March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb. 三月天气来如猛狮,去如绵羊。
2.隐喻(The metaphor)。
隐喻又称“暗喻”,是间接地把一物同与其具有某种相似点的另一物相比较。
隐喻的本体与喻体之间无需比喻词,直接把本体说成喻体。
例如:Money is the root of all evil. 金钱是万恶之源。
3.转喻(The metonymy)。
转喻也叫换喻,即对某一事物不直呼其名,用另一与之相关的事物代称。
在转喻中,本体和比喻词都不出现,而以喻体代替本体。
例如:No cross,no crown... 不经磨难, 就没有成功。
(cross“十字架”,crown“王冠”,喻指荣誉。
)4.提喻(Synecdoche)。
提喻也称代喻,它的典型特征是以局部代替整体,抽象代替具体,特殊代替一般,反之亦然。
英语修辞的翻译
提喻 （synecdoche)
No one grasped you by the shoulder while there was still time; and naught will awaken in you the sleeping poet or musician or astronomer that possibly inhabited you from the begi得目瞪口呆的事。他体内充 满创造力的魔鬼不停地挣扎，挥舞魔爪又抓 又挖，试图冲出体外。魔鬼一边撕扯，一边 尖声狂叫，要他谱写藏于体内的乐曲。他遭 受这般折腾，可是他那可怜的脑袋和身躯却 没有被压跨，岂不奇哉怪也。
双关 (Pun)
--What does that lawyer do after he dies? --Lie still.
矛盾（Oxymoron)
3. Parting is such sweet sorrow. (Romeo) 别离是如此地又甜蜜又令人心酸。
4. We are terribly pleased to hear the good news. 我们听到这一好消息真是欣喜若狂。
委婉（Euphemism)
1. That luster has taken a fancy to Middle Eastern dancing. 那个好色之徒现在开始喜欢看肚皮舞。
也许你一生下来就具有成为诗人、音乐家或天 文学家的天赋，但在时间还不算晚的时候，没 有人拉你一把，时机一过，就再也无法唤醒在 你身上沉睡着的才能了。
转喻（Metonymy）
转喻又称借代。它故意不用需要说的人或 物的本称，而是借用与该人或物密切相关 的事物来代替。
“A figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated.” (Webster’s New World Dictionary)
英语中所有26种修辞手法的全部解释和例句
英语修辞手法总结Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, orto create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the worldis a stage.3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸张） It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述） It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. Itachieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it,impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉） It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as " pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻）It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).9) Synecdoche (提喻） It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or thewhole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressedin silks.10) Antonomasia (换喻）It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.11) Pun: (双关语） It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙） It has two connotations.In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is used to refer to you and me.)In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mindis figurative, and means to go mad.)13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配） It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, orapplying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)14) Irony: (反语） It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.15) Innuendo: (暗讽） It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.16) Sarcasm: (讽刺） It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语） It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary to established fact or practice, but which on further thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰） It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).19) Antithesis: (对照） It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.20) Epigram: (警句） It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.21) Climax: (渐进） It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity,like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.23) Apostrophe： (顿呼） In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said. For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!24) Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词） It is a figure of speech where an epithet (anadjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleeplessnights on my project.25) Alliteration: (头韵） It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声） It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movementExplanation version1一、什么是修辞格修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
英语中所有19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句
英语中所有19种修辞手法的全部解释和例句1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作比照.这种共性存有于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如：1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如：1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如：1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如：Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如：a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如：I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche 提喻提喻用局部代替全体,或用全体代替局部,或特殊代替一般.例如：1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(局部代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代局部）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
第8课 修辞格的翻译
樱花红陌上，柳叶绿池边。 （《周恩来诗选<春日偶成>》 The pathways red with cherry blossoms; The lakeside green with willow leaves.
2.4 设问（ question and answer)
设问就是用自问自答的形式来达到增强语 气、吸引注意力的效果，并可以起到承上 启下的作用，常用直译。例如： 1 ） Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. 2) To what is the increase of population? In part, I suppose, to a general increase in prosperity. 3) 既然小李已经向他道歉，他应该怎么做 呢？当然是原谅小李了。
2.1 Repetition
根据表达的需要，重复使用同一语句或词语的 修辞手法叫反复。可以突出感情，分清层次， 增添旋律美，加强节奏感。 April, April, Laugh thy girlish laughter. (W. Watson) 四月呀四月， 笑吧，姑娘般地笑吧。 A thin man in a thin overcoat watched them out of thin, emotionless eyes. 一个骨瘦如柴、衣服单薄、双目失神的男子注 视着他们。
Wherefore feed, and clothe, and save, From the cradle to the grave, Those ungrateful drones who would Drain your sweat—nay, drink your blood? —Song to the men of England Percy Bysshe Shelly
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He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen for him to crow. 他这人就像一只骄傲的公鸡, 以为太阳升起是为了 它的啼叫。( simile → 明喻。直译法) Tom was as sober as a judge. 他十分清醒。(simile →非修辞格。意译法) He is as cunning as a dead pig. 他像狐狸一样狡猾。(simile → 明喻。但不是“像 死猪一样狡猾”。变通法) Falstaff : I am as poor as Job , my lord , but not so patient . 福斯塔夫: 我是像约伯(注) 一样穷的,大人,可是却 没有他那样的好耐性。(注:约伯(Job)《圣经》中的 人物, 以忍耐贫穷而著称的圣徒。) (simile →明喻。但译文意义不清楚,故加了注释。 注释法)
句子结构上的修辞格
Repetition: Figures which repeat a phrase, a clause or an idea Reputation, reputation, reputation! O! I have lost my reputation. reputation. ----- Othello With this faith, we will be able to work together; together; together ; to play together ; to struggle together; together; together ; to go to jail together ; to stand up for freedom together knowing that we will day. be free one day. ----- Martin Luther King
Antithesis: Opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction.
you--Ask not what your country can do for you--country. ask what you can do for your country.
Allusion与汉语的暗引相近似。其特点是不注明来源和 出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融 合编织在作者的话语中。引用的东西包括典故、谚语、 成语、格言和俗语等。英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》 故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些渊源 流长的谚语、格言等。例如： Grammar may be his heel of Achilles. 语法是他的大弱点。（Achilles是希腊神话中的一位勇 士。除了脚踵处，他身上其他地方刀枪不入。） The project is an economic Albatross from the start. 这个项目从一开始就是一个摆脱不了的经济难题。 (Albatross是英国诗人柯勒律治的《古舟子咏》中的信 天翁，它被忘恩负义的水手杀死后， 全船陷入灾难 中。)
understatement It took a few dollars to build this indoor swimming pool. “He is really strange,” his friends said when they heard he had divorced his pretty and loving wife.
Transferred epithet是采用表示性质和特征 的形容词或相当于形容词的词来修饰、限定 与它根本不同属性的名词。这种修辞手法能 与汉语中的移就基本相似。 The doctor's face expressed a kind of doubting admiration. （用“疑惑”修饰限定“钦佩”）医生的脸 上流露出钦佩而又带有疑惑的神情。 Do you think I will have blood money? 你以为我要这种血腥钱？（用血修饰限定钱） The old man put a reassuring hand on my shoulder. 老人把一只令人安心的手放在我的肩膀上。
Simile
Simile与汉语的明喻基本相同，用某一事物或情境 来比拟另一个事物或情境。其本体和喻体均同时出 现在句中，在形式上是相对应的。英语 simile 的比 喻词一般是 like, as（……as）等, 汉语明喻的比喻 词通常是“好象”、“仿佛”等。例如： They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails. 这些人犹如街上的有轨电车， 满足于在自己的轨道 上运行。
metonymy
Metonymy、synecdoche和antonomasia都是不直 接说出事物的本来名称，而换用另一个名称或另一 个说法。它们大体上相当于汉语的借代（分为旁借 和对代两类）。如Crown（王冠）可喻指君主、王 权、王国政府等；doll（玩具）可喻指姑娘、宝贝 等。 （1）The baby was brought up on the bottle. 这个婴儿是喝牛奶或羊奶长大的。 （metonymy──用奶瓶代奶） （2）Some mute inglorious Milton here may rest. 某个沉默的、无名诗人也许在此长眠。 （antonomasia──用米尔顿代诗人）
Metaphor兼有汉语隐喻、借喻及拟物的 特点，即把甲事物当作乙事物来描写。
（1）Experience is the mother of wisdom. 经验为智慧之母。（隐喻） （2）She is shedding crocodile tears. 她在掉鳄鱼眼泪。（借喻） （3） Mark my words, the first woman who fishes for him, hooks him. 瞧着吧， 不管什么女人钓他， 他就会上钩。 （拟物）
英语修辞格的译法
一、什么是修辞格
修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效 果的语言艺术。它能使语言生动形象、具体 活泼，给人以美的享受。
音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)
音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来 的修辞手法。 的修辞手法。 它主要包括onomatopoeia、alliteration和 它主要包括 、 和 assonance。 。 Onomatopoeia是模仿事物发出的声响的修 是模仿事物发出的声响的修 辞手法，与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。 辞手法，与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。恰当 地运用它可以使语言更加形象生动。 地运用它可以使语言更加形象生动。 Presently there came the click of highheeled shoes. 高跟皮鞋声阁阁地传了过来。 高跟皮鞋声阁阁地传了过来。
Alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中，有两个以 就是在一个词组或一个诗行中， 就是在一个词组或一个诗行中 上彼此靠近的词，其开头的音节（或其他重读音节） 上彼此靠近的词，其开头的音节（或其他重读音节） 具有同样的字母或声音； 具有同样的字母或声音； assonance是在一句话或在一个诗行中间，有两个或 是在一句话或在一个诗行中间， 是在一句话或在一个诗行中间 更多的词具有相同的元音。前者与汉语的双声(汉语中 更多的词具有相同的元音。前者与汉语的双声 汉语中 两个或多个音节，声母相同，叫做双声，它不是辞格) 两个或多个音节，声母相同，叫做双声，它不是辞格 相似，后者与汉语的叠韵（ 相似，后者与汉语的叠韵（两个或多个音节彼此韵母 相同）非常相似。例如： 相同）非常相似。例如： （1）Peter Piper picked a peck of picking pepper. ） （alliteration） ） 皮特.派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉 派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉。 皮特 派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉。 （2）With this faith we will be able to hew out of ） the mountain of despair a stone of hope. (assonance) 怀着这个信念，我们能把绝望的大山凿成希望的磐石。 怀着这个信念，我们能把绝望的大山凿成希望的磐石。
词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices)
词义修辞格主要借助语义的联想和语言的变 化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。它们主要包 括 simile, metaphor, allusion, metonymy, transferred epithet, personification, hyperbole, irony, euphemism, pun, oxymoron, zeugma, contrast 等
Pun: When a word or phrase is used in two different senses
----- Why is the Middle Ages also called the Dark Ages? ----- Because there were many knights. ( knight and night) Keeper: Hotel Keeper: Here are a few views of our sir. hotel for you to take with you, sir. Guest: Guest: Thanks, but I have my own vienecdoche
He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。 他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。 在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚队在 板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。 板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。