【资格考试】2019最新整理--(备考辅导)第21课 翻译难点-- 英语修辞格译法
英语修辞及举例说明【优质PPT】
言语上的反语往往需要配合上下文来理解，它不尽然表达 批评或讽刺，有些时候也能表达赞扬和幽默。
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My love is like a red, red rose2
Metaphor 暗喻
对两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比；所不 同的是在形式上，暗喻中本体和喻体之间多通过Be 动词来联系。省掉比喻词。
明喻：Life is like an unexplored river, full of twists and turns, great beauty and dangerous surprises .
提喻的本体与喻体之间的关系是局部—全体，具体—抽象 之间的关系，而换喻的本体与喻体之间的关系更为复杂。
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类比 analogy
将两类本质上不同的事物之间的共同点加以比较，
在形式上很像比喻，也用比喻词。常用来阐释复杂的概念。
类比最常见的句型为 A is to B as C is to D
The friendly gardner had a lot of thyme(time) for the woman.
那位和善的园丁留了许多百里香（与“时间”谐音）给那 个女人。
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矛盾修辞法 oxymoron
用两种不调和、甚至截然相反的特征来形容一项事 物，在矛盾中寻求哲理，以达到修辞效果。它是反 论的一种浓缩形式。
Can enemies become mortal friends ? 敌人能 成为不共戴天的朋友吗？
英汉翻译教案第八章修辞
Many eyes turned to a tall,20—year black girl on the U.S. team.
很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘。
transferred epithet
•把本来应该用于修饰甲事物的定语移去修饰乙事物。巧妙地运用这种修辞手法能收到出人意料、引人入胜之功效。这种修辞手法能与汉语中的移就基本相似。
metaphor
•Experience is the mother of wisdom .
•经验是智慧之母。
Allusion
•Allusion与汉语的暗引相近似。其特点是不注明来源和出处，一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组，将其融合编织在作者的话语中。引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等。英语引用最多的是源出《圣经》故事以及希腊、罗马神话、《伊索寓言》和那些渊源流长的谚语、格言等。
Antithesis
•用平行或者对称的结构来表现两种相反的意思，使二者相互衬托、鲜明突出。
•The strong economies have to be kept strong and vigorous at the same time as the weak economies are being strengthened. We can all swim well together, but we can also all sink together.
anastrophe
•改变正常的主、谓、宾的位置，采用倒装结构，借以承接上文、调和韵律、强调语意或是使语言和谐悦耳。这种修辞手法与汉语的倒装相对应。
•Up went the balloon into the cloudless sky.
裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记 第21课
裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记第21课Lesson 21 Mad or not? 是不是疯了Why do people think the writer is mad?Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane.I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.参考译文飞机正在逐渐把我逼疯。
我住在一个机场附近，过往飞机日夜不绝于耳。
机场是许多年前建的，但由于某种原因当时未能启用。
然而去年机场开始使用了。
有100多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去，我是少数留下来的人中的一个。
有时我觉得这房子就要被一架飞过的飞机撞倒。
他们曾向我提供一大笔钱让我搬走，但我决定留在这儿。
大家都说我肯定是疯了，也许他们说的是对的。
【New words and expressions】（4）mad adj. 发疯的be mad 发疯，发狂（强调状态）go mad 发疯，发狂（强调转变）drive sb mad 逼疯/send sb madbe mad about sth 对…疯狂的，狂热的/be mad on sthbe mad on football 对足球狂热be mad on pop musicbe mad on jazzbe mad about/on sth/be crazy about… 对…着迷go mad 发疯，发狂/go crazy/go insane [in'sein](歌曲“Right Here Waiting”中，”I slowly go insane…”)the insane 精神病人go bananas (sl.) become mad or angry, act very foolishly. 发疯，发怒，傻里傻气go nuts 发疯nut: (sl.) foolish, eccentric or mad person mental patient 精神病患者mental hospital 精神病医院like mad 拼命地，猛烈地，疯狂地reason1) n. 原因reasonable adj. 合情合理的，良好的，尚可的at a reasonable price 以合理的价格eg. The plane is in a reasonable condition. 飞机的状态良好cause 导致某事发生的起因the cause of the fire 大火的起因eg. Smoking is one of the causes of lung cancer. 吸烟是肺癌的起因之一。
Lecture5修辞与翻译解读
2) I came, I saw, I conquered. 我来了！我看见了！我征服了！ （我只身前往，我明察秋毫，我旗开得胜）
3) We laughed, we sang, we danced. 我们纵情欢笑，我们放声歌唱，我们翩翩 起舞。
1. 明喻 (Simile)
1) 她的脸色苍白而带光泽, 仿佛大理石似 的。 Her face was pale and yet as lustrous as marble. 2) 刘玉翠回到村里, 就好比是住进了监牢 里. Having returned to the village, Liu Yucui felt as if she had got into the prison.
3. 拟人 (personification)
就是把人以外的无生命之物当作人来描写, 并把它写得既有人的动作1) 群山肃立，江河挥泪，辽阔的祖国大地沉浸在巨大的悲痛 之中。 The mountains are standing in solemn silence; the rivers are shedding bitter tears; our vast motherland is soaked in enormous grief. 2) How soon hath Time, the subtle thief of youth, stolen on his wing my three and twentieth year! 时间，这个盗窃青春的狡猾的小偷，盗窃了我二十又三年
2. 暗喻 (Metaphor )
(完整word版)高级英语课文修辞总结,推荐文档
高级英语课文修辞总结（1-7课）第一课Face to Face With Hurricane CamilleSimile:1. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (comparing the passing of children to the passing of buckets of water in a fire brigade when fighting a fire)2. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (comparing the sound of the wind to the roar of a passing train)Metaphor :1. We can batten down and ride it out. (comparing the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at sea)2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.)Personification :1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (The hurricane acted as a very strong person lifting something heavy and throwing it through the air.)2. It seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumpedit 3 1/2miles away. (The hurricane acted as a very strong man lifting something very heavy and dumping it 3 1/2 miles away.). Ⅺ.Elliptical and short simple sentences generally increase the tempo and speed of the actions being described. Hence in a dramatic narration they serve to heighten tension and help create a sense of danger and urgency. For examples see the text, paragraphs 10-18 and 21-26.Lesson 2 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japan “Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”. (anticlimax)…as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop...…where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony.At last this intermezzo came to an end…But later my hair began to fall out , and my belly turned towater .I felt sick ,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me .(alliteration)Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to the others.Hiroshima—the “liveliest” city in JapanI felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me.The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skycrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima wasrepeated .(synecdoche)Was I not at the scene of the crime? (rhetorical question) Lesson 3 BlackmailMetaphor:...the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed...his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.Her tone ...withered......self-assurance...flickered...The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.Her voice was a whiplash.eyes bored into himI’ll spell it out.Euphemism:...and you took a lady friend.Metonymy:won 100 at the tableslost it at the barthey'll throw the book,...Onomatopoeia:appreciative chuckleclucked his tongueLesson 41) The trial that rocked the world (hyperbole)2) Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder (transferred epithet)3) The case had erupted round my head (synecdoche)4) Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted (ridicule)5) and it is a mighty strong combination (sarcasm)6) until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century (irony)7) There is some doubt about that.(sarcasm)8) "The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below"(antithesis)9) "His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world." (hyperbole)10) Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fanlike a sword to repel his enemies. (ridicule，simile)11) Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.(ridicule)12) Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. " (oxymoron )第五课The many metaphors and similes in the essay are largely ap propritately used in describing the ugliness of Westmoreland County.For example, in para. 3 the metaphor of comparing thehouses there to pigs wallowing in the mud~ t he metaphor in the same para. of comparing the patches of paint todried up scales formed by a skin disease~and the simile in para. 2 as shown in the sentence "one blinks ... shot away", the sim ile in the same para.as shown in the sentence "a steel stadi um ~ -- the line", just to mention a few. Hyperboles are profusely usedin the essay. They are mostly very effective inconveying what the author had to say.In para. 1, we read the sentence "Here was wealth ...alley cats", exaggerating the richness and grandeur of this region and of America as a whole, the boast andpride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen onearthin para. 5 we read "It is as if ... of them", whichimplies exaggeratedly that it is as if some genius ofgreat power, who didn' t like to do the right thingsand who was an inflexible enemy of man, em ployed allthe cleverness and skill of hell to build these uglyhouses;and again in para. 2 there is the sentence "What al lude to " in sight", which suggests an exaggeration that ishard to believe. Not every house could have been thatugly.Lesson 6 Mark Twain --- Mirror of AmericaMetaphor:Mark Twain --- Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heartAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up... When railroads began drying up the demand......the epidemic of gold and silver fever...Twain began digging his way to regional fame...Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...Simile:Most American remember M. T. as the father of......a memory that seemed phonographicHyperbole:...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...The cast of characters... - a cosmos.America laughed with him.Personification:...to literature's enduring gratitude...the grave world smiles as usual...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Antithesis:...between what people claim to be and what they really are.....took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever Euphemism:… a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligentlyavoided contact with the enemy....men's final release from earthly struggleAlliteration...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home...with a dash and daring......a recklessness of cost or consequences...Metonymy...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxeLesson 7 Everyday Use for your grandmama“Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”. Wangerosaid ,laughing .(ironic)“Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”(simile)…showing just enough of her thin body enveloped in pink skirt and red blouse…After I tripped over it two or three times he toldme …(metaphor)And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (exaggeration)Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. (simile)Have you ever seen a lame animal, perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?(metaphor) I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throwsout .(exaggeration)Impressed with her they worshiped the well-turned phrase, the cute shape, the scalding humor that erupted like bubbles in lye. (simile)It is like an extended living room. (simile)Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.My skin is like an uncooked barley pancake. (simile)She gasped like a bee had stung her.(simile)Wangero said, sweet as a bird. (simile)Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? (rhetorical question)You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher up and down to make butter had left a kind of sink in the wood .(metaphor)。
修辞格与翻译PPT课件
❖As close as an oyster 守口如瓶
❖As sure as a gun
千真万确
❖As cool as a cucumber 泰然自若
❖As mute as a fish
噤若寒蝉
❖As blue as the great sea
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CHENLI
❖(3) as if; as though
❖ 婚姻像是一个被包围的城堡：外边的想要进去，里边的想 要出来。
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❖(2) as
❖As the lion is king of beasts, so is the eagle king of birds.
❖鹰是鸟中之王，犹如狮是兽中之王。
❖Love goes towards love, as schoolboys from their books;
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❖The pain of separation ❖The light of learning ❖A vicious circle ❖Room for negotiation ❖An angry sky ❖Graves yawned ❖Killing half-an-hour ❖Shoulder of the hill 山脊 ❖Friendly river ❖Laughing valleys
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CHENLI
❖Rhetoric 修辞学
❖Rhetoric is the art of discourse, an art that
aims to improve the capability of writers or speakers that attempt to inform, persuade, or motivate particular audiences in specific
中级翻译(修辞与翻译)
1. 明喻SIMILE1．定义英语的明喻是英语中最常用、最简便的修辞格之一，在文学作品中尤其如此。
它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物Rhetoric In Practice (《英文实用修辞学》)一书这样来解释明喻：“A simile is an expressed 1ikeness.The simplest and most direct way of connoting an idea with something else is by means of using similes．Simile is the neuter singular of the Latin adjective …similis,‟ meaning like.”Simile(明喻)运用广泛，可借以状物、写景、抒情、喻理，使表达生动形象，明白易懂，新鲜有趣。
关于英语Simile，有两点须加以说明：一、Simile(明喻)通常由三部分构成，即本体(tenor或subject)、喻体(vehicle或reference)和比喻词(comparative word或indicator of resemblance)。
可图示如下：Marriage is like a beleaguered fortress: those who arewithout want to get in,↓↓↓(tenor) (comparative word) (vehicle)and those within want to get out. ( P. M. Quitard)二、本体与喻体一般为两个不同事物(如属同类也应具不同性质或特征)，比喻方可成立。
例如：①Peter is as tall as his father.②Peter is as tall as a Maypole.稍加分析可以看出，例①不算明喻，只是一个比较句，因为Peter及其father同属人类；而例②才是比喻句，因为Peter与Maypole分属人与物。
英语修辞手法分析大全+英语文章分析赏析
英语修辞手法分析大全）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和simile一、明喻（like, as, as if, as though常用比喻词两者都在对比中出现。
喻体之间的相似关系，等，例如：This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. 、1 这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
2He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had 、 passed me like a spirit. 他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来，像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch 、3 something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动，好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的。
）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙metaphor二、隐喻（事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets... 、1 德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来。
The diamond department was the heart and center of the store. 、2 钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
）又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻synecdoche三、提喻（指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。
例如： 1The Great Wallwas made not only of stones and earth, but ofthe flesh and 、 blood of millions of men. 长城不仅是用石头和土建造的，而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的。
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——教学资料参考参考范本——【资格考试】2019最新整理--(备考辅导)第21课翻译难点--
英语修辞格译法
______年______月______日
____________________部门
一、什么是修辞格
修辞格（figures of speech）是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼，给人以美的享受。
要翻译好英语修辞格，首先要弄清其特点、弄清英汉两种语言在这方面的异同，然后根据具体情况采用恰当的技巧进行翻译。
英语修辞格种类很多，但粗略分来似可分为音韵修辞格、词义修辞格和句法修辞格。
（一）音韵修辞格（phonological rhetorical devices）
顾名思义，音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。
它主要包括onomatopoeia、alliteration和
assonance.Onomatopoeia是模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法，与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。
恰当地运用它可以使语言更加形象生动。
如：Presently there came the click of high-heeled shoes.高跟皮鞋声阁阁地传了过来。
Alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中，有两个以上彼此靠近的词，其开头的音节（或其他重读音节）具有同样的字母或声音；assonance是在一句话或在一个诗行中间，有两个或更多的词具有相同的元音。
前者与汉语的双声（汉语中两个或多个音节，声母相同，叫做双声，它不是辞格）相似，后者与汉语的叠韵（两个或多个音节彼此韵母相同）非常相似。
例如：
（1）Peter Piper picked a peck of picking pepper.（alliteration）皮特.派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉。