词类转换1
英语单词词根词缀和词性转换(1)
英语单词词根词缀和词性转换英语中常见的后缀一、名词性后缀1，-age为抽象名词后缀，表示行为，状态和全体总称percentage百分数，百分率，voltage电压，伏特数，lavage灌洗，洗，出法，gavage管词法，curettage刮除法，shortage不足，缺少。
2，-cy表示抽象名词accuracy 准确，精确度，infancy婴儿期。
3，-ence、-ance表示性质和动作difference不同，interference干扰，干预，influence影响，感化，occurrence发出，出现，violence激烈，暴力，existence存在，significance意义，意味。
4，-ency、-ancy抽象名词后缀difficiency不足，不全，tendency趋势，趋向，frequency频率，pregnancy妊娠，emergency 紧急，急救，fluency流利，流畅，sufficiency足够，充足，constancy坚定，经久不变。
5，-er表示…人、…者diameter直径，receiver接收者，接受者，carrier 携带者，beginner初学者，创始人，reader读者，shutter 快门，goiter甲状腺肿。
6，-ics 表示…科学psdiatrics儿科学，psychiatrics精神病学，obstetrics产科学，orthopdics矫形科学，auristrics耳科学，gnathostomatics口腔生理学，andriatrics男性医学，男性科。
7，-ian表示人称名词physician医师，内科医师，technician技术员8，-ication 由动词变化而来的抽象名词，常译为…化simplification 简化，calcification钙化，classification分类，分级， communication 交流，交往。
9，-ing由动词变化而来的动名词nursing护理，typing分型，分类，mapping绘制…图，bleeding出血，vomiting呕吐，softening变软，functioning使器官活动，使器官有功能，positioning 把…放在适当的位置，mathching和…相配，imaging成像。
词类转换——精选推荐
Conversion 词类转换I. Conversion into Chinese verbA. Convert English noun into Chinese verba) Convert English common noun into Chinese verb1. We are enemies of all wars.我们反对一切战争。
2. Differences between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their co-operation.社会制度的不同不应妨碍互相合作。
3. Electric power became the servant of man only after the motor was invented.电动机发明后，电力才开始为人类服务。
C-E：汉语动词转换为英语名词4. 从我们学校可以看到辽阔的大海..A view of the vast ocean can be obtained from our school.5.你必须好好照顾病人。
Y ou must take good care of the patient.b）convert English noun implying the sense of action that is converted from English verb into Chinese verb1. The war in Iraq is a drain on American resources伊拉克战争耗费了美国的资源。
2. He made no mention of the car accident.他没有提到那场车祸。
C-E 汉语中的动词转换为英语中（带有动作含义）的名词3. 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。
In his speech he laid special stress on raising the quality of the products.4. 只要看一眼这封信，你就会明白你上当了。
词性转换 (一)well done
词性转换（一）一；用作名词1.But Jane knew from past experience that her (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. (2009)2. We should consider the (important) of this matter seriously.3. We felt a great sense of (achieve) when we finally entered the key universities.二；用作形容词1.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their （nature）course. (2008)2. Mary felt (please), because there were many empty seats in the room .3. Having sports makes us (health) and strong.三；用作副词1.We drank together and talked （merry）till far into the night. (2007)2. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. (2010)3.He must be (mental) disabled. (2011)4. (luck) , the hero died in a car accident two years ago.四；（1）词性不变，需要词根前加un, im, in, il, ir, dis等或在词根后加less等（2）若括号给出动词，也可能考虑词类转换，若给出形容词或副词，有可能考察其比较级和最高级1. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be (sweet).”(2010)2. But he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” （high）。
转换法
3、英语表示感觉和心里状态的形容词 汉 语动词 They are quite content with the data obtained from the experiment. 他们对实验中所获得的数据相当满意。 If you are ignorant of the importance of translation, you will not like it. 假如不了解翻译的重要性，你就不会喜翻译。 We became aware of a peculiar smell in the room. 我们发现房间里有一股特别的气味。
四、英语主语
汉语谓语
这一转换法主要用于翻译英语以具有动作含义的名词（如 attempt,attention,emphasis,care,choice,improvement,inspection,nee d,talk,thought等），作主语的句子。 In every corner of the country, talk of the Olimpic Games of 2008 in Beijing is in the air. 全国各个角落都在谈论2008年北京奥运会。 There is a great need for college graduates in industry. 工业战线很需要大学毕业生。 The prevention of certain types of cancer is distinctly within the realm of possibility. 某些种类的癌症显然是可以预防的。
三，英语主语 汉语定语 The proton has considerably more mass than electron. 质子的质量比电子大得多。 Gold has an advantage in that it cannot react with oxygen. 金子 的优势是不不容易和氧气反应。
汉英翻译课件之 汉英翻译之词类转换
8 No violation of this principle can be tolerated. 7 决不允许违反这个原 9 The turning point of my life 则。 was my decision to give up 8 我的生活转折点是我 是我 promising business career and 决定：不再做生财有 决定 study music. 望的商人而专攻音乐。 10 His arrival at this 9 他得出这一结论是深 conclusion was the result of 思熟虑的结果。 much thought.
11他们在工作中非常注 意理论联系实际。 12 徐悲鸿画马，画得特 别好。
12 In their work, they pay much attention to the combination of theory with practice. 13 Xu Beihong’s drawing of horses are exceptionally good.
10 随着国际社会对中 国的关注日益提升，越 来越多的外国人开始对 中国和中国文化感兴趣， 学习汉语的人数也与日 俱增。
11 With the increase of attention paid to China by the international community, more and more foreigners begin to take interest in China and Chinese language , and the number of people learning the Chinese language is growing.
1 他在战斗中表现突出， 受到连长(company commander)的表扬。 2 只要看一眼这封信， 你就会明白你上当了。
词类的转换——作业1
词类的转换一、转换成汉语动词1、名词转换成动词1)The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor productivity.2)Computers can provide analyses of every operation in a factory.3)Primary forces have certain valuations that must be considered in any design.4)Integrated circuits are fairly recent development.2、形容词转换成动词1)Copper wire is flexible.2)Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives pictures.3)If extremely low-cost power were ever to become available from large nuclear powerplants, electrolytic hydrogen would become competitive.4)Heat is a form of energy into which all other forms are convertible.3、介词转换成动词1)The letter E is commonly used for electromotive force.2)Except for atomic energy, all forms of energy used by man are from the sun.3)So long as we have means of producing heat we can keep the steam engine at work.4、副词转换成动词1)The electric current flows through the circuit with the switch on.2)Open the valve to let air in.3)We are through with our test report.二、转换为汉语名词1、动词转换成名词1)The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computations.2)An electric current varies directly as the electromotive force and inversely as the resistance.3)The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and highproductivity.2、形容词转换成名词1)People are so much more flexible and inventive than robots.2)Some people think tomorrow’s computers will be intelligent.3)In fission processes the fission fragments are very radioactive.3、代词转换成名词1)Radio waves are similar to light waves except that their wave-length is much greater.2)The specific resistance of iron is not so small as that of copper.3)Electricity may be produced by a generator which is turned by a motor using any of theother forms of energy.4、副词转换成名词1)The quality of the operating system determines how useful the computer is.2)Electromagnetic waves travel as fast as light.3)The instrument is used to determine how fully the batteries are charged.4)The device is shown schematically in Figure 1.三、转换成汉语形容词1、副词转换成形容词1)Robotics is so closely associated with cybernetics that it is sometimes mistakenlyconsidered to be synonymous.2)Miniature gas detector is chiefly featured by small size, light weight, complete functionsand long continuous working time.3)Gases and liquids are perfectly elastic.2、名词转换成形容词1)The nuclear power system designed in China is of great precision.2)Electronic computers and microprocessors are of great importance to us.3)Single crystals of high perfection are an absolute necessity for the fabrication of integratedcircuit.四、转换成汉语副词1、形容词转换成副词1)The engine has given a constantly good performance.2)The same principles of low internal resistance also apply to milliammeters.3) A graph gives a visual representation of the relationship.2、其他词类转换成副词。
03-02 词类转换 - 词的翻译 - 德汉互译
例 4：- 名词转换为动词 „a) Die Stationierung von Streikräften in Deutschland und den Schutz der Sicherheit dieser Streitkräfte ...“
参考译文： “1.在德国驻扎武装部队和保护这些 武装部队的安全„„”
例 5：- 形容词转换为动词
Der Schlafwagenkondukteur kommt dienstlich herein ...
(„Das Eisenbahnunglück“)
参考译文：原文形容词：“dienstlich”→ 译文动词：“执行”
德语形容词转换成 汉语名词或动词
Übersetzen vom Deutschen ins Chinesische bzw. vom Chinesischen ins Deutsche
例 1：- 形容词转换为名词
Wä hrend fü die mechanische Produktion die r Formverä nderung typisch ist, besteht das Wesen der chemischen Produktion in der Verä nderung der stoffliche Zusammensetzung der Werkstoffe.
参考译文： 发展教育事业是实现一个国 家现代化的一个重要方面。
提示：Entwicklung和 Verwirklichung均为动名词， 译成“发展”与“实现”两个 动词。Modernisierung也是动 名词，但在句中有明显的名称 作用，故不译为动词。
直译（不符合汉语习惯）： 教育事业的发展是一个国家现代化 实现的一个重要方面。
第八章英语翻译中的词类转换(课堂讲练) (1)
第八章法律英语词汇翻译方法（课堂讲练）本章教学目标：了解法律英语翻译中词类转换若干基本方法。
一、法律词汇英汉互译中的词类转换英汉词汇分类大致相当，但鉴于不同的表达习惯，在翻译时不能苛求词类相当，否则可能导致译文意义晦涩，不知所云。
例1、1）、Preference shareholders are entitled to a priority in the assets if the company is wound up.译文：如果公司被解散，优先股东有优先分得公司资产的权利。
说明：“Preference Shareholders”，意为“shareholders having priority over Ordinary Shareholders for the dividend (the part of the money which is divided among shareholders) and assets allocation.”本句中的介词“in”如直译为“在—里”，显然拗口，这里就存在着词类转换，即把英语的介词转换为动词。
2）、The “Events of Default”, as used in this Contract, shall mean the occurrence, from time to time, of any of the following circumstances.译文：合同中使用的“违约事项”是指发生以下情形—说明：本句的“occurrence”本为名词，但在译成汉语时，转换成动词较译成“发生”更通达。
所以，为使翻译的译文更加通顺，符合其本身的表达习惯，必要时，就应进行词类转换，在英汉互译过程当中，最常见的就是名词与动词的转换，具体而言，在英译汉时，名词转译为动词最常见，这与汉语语句习惯叠加动词，以致同一句中谓语动词“群雄并立“，而英语句子中只有主要谓语动词”一枝独秀“，其余动词只能转为动名词的不同表达习惯紧密相关。
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介词的转换
They believe that the normalization of relations between the two countries is not only in the interest of the Chinese and American people but also contributes to the relaxation of tension in Asia and the world.
building costs, McDonald’s profited in ways that none of its competitors could match.
形容词的 转换
• 1 We are especially thankful to you for arranging the meeting for us with the Machinery Trading Delegation at such short notice.
• 2 I shall be very glad if you and other Chinese friends are able to visit our country in the future, so that we will have the chance to be host and return some of your kindness.
由形容词派生的英语名词 转换成汉语形容词
1: We are immensely impressed by the splendor and warmth of our reception at the Great Hall of the People.
2: We are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy ……
…and that government of the people ,by the people ,for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
The Kremlin is turning westward for capital and technology. The main reason behind business pessimism is the continued
翻译微观篇：词类转换
名词的转换
英语名词转换成汉语动词： 1：The new situation requires the formation of a new
strategy. 2：The UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle
East conflicts on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acknowledgement of Israel’s right to exist.
journey. • 4. The paper said editorially that China has
successfully survived a world wide financial crisis.
冠词 的转换
• 1. The children are of an age. • 2. EDI is one way of doing business today---- it will
be the way of doing business tomorrow.
连词的 转换
• 1. Five and five is ten. • 2. The distance is four kilometers or 2.4856 miles. • 3. Let them call themselves Taiwan and we will
形容词的 转换
• 3. Fair treatment of China by its trading partners could lead to a new era of cooperation and warmer relations on all levels between China and other WTO members.
sympathy. • 8 .The car is due for a new name before American
introduction.
副词的 转换
• 1. The manager will be back in about an hour. • 2. when the crops are in, they start autumn sowing. • 3. The President has prepared meticulously for his
I have the honor to inform you that your application has been accepted.
介词的转换
Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.
作表语的英语名词译为汉语时转换 成相应的形容词
Both sidBiblioteka s agree that the meeting was a success.
英语名词可根据汉语的表达习惯译作副 词
When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist ,his instinct is to win him over with charm.
动词的转换
• 1 Trade union leaders claimed that some of their members had been victimized by being dismissed.
• 2 The audience laughed the speaker down. • 3 He lunched me well at a restaurant yesterday. • 4 As long as the returns from new stores were higher than its
invite them.
The end!
• 4. The American people hailed the program for greater Sino-US trade.
• 5. The new contract would be good for ten years.
形容词的 转换
• 6.He was in a clear minority. • 7 .Your President doesn’t try to hide his British
英语名词转换成汉语动 词
3：But in reality I am a great admirer of the Japanese.
4: They gave the winning team one more cheer at the close of the football game.
5：They fell in love with each other at first sight.