宁夏银川一中2020届高三英语第二次模拟考试试题
宁夏银川一中2020届高三下学期第一次模拟考试 理科数学(含答案)

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科数学试题卷(银川一中第一次模拟考试)一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,满分60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.集合A={-1,0,1}, A 的子集中,含有元素0的子集共有 A.2个B.4个C.6个D.8个2.复数32(1)i i += A. -2iB. -2C.2iD.23.已知等比数列{}n a 的公比为正数,且239522,1a a a a ⋅==,则1a =2.2A.2B1.2CD.24.已知m ∈R ,“函数21xy m =+-有零点”是“函数.log m y x =在(0,+∞)上为减函数”的A.既不充分也不必要条件B.充要条件C.必要不充分条件D.充分不必要条件5.若函数f(x)=-cosx+ax 为增函数,则实数a 的取值范围为 A.[-1,+∞)B.[1,+∞)C.(-1,+∞)D.(1,+∞)6.一个空间几何体的三视图如图,则该几何体的体积为.23A.25B43.C53.D7.我国古代名著《庄子·天下篇》中有一句名言“一尺之棰,日取其半,万世不竭”,其意思为:一尺的木棍,每天截取一半,永远都截不完.现将该木棍依此规律截取,如图所示的程序框图的功能就是计算截取7天后所剩木棍的长度(单位:尺),则①②③处可分别填入的是8.若231()nx x+展开式的各项系数之和为32,则其展开式中的常数项为 A.1B.5C.10D.209.在平面区域(,)02y x M x y x x y ⎧≥⎧⎫⎪⎪⎪=≥⎨⎨⎬⎪⎪⎪+≤⎩⎭⎩内随机取一点P,则点P 在圆222x y +=内部的概率为.8A π.4B π.2C π3.4D π10.已知直线l ,m,平面α、β、γ,给出下列命题: ①l//α,l//β,α∩β= m,则l//m;②α//β,β//γ,m ⊥α,则m ⊥γ; ③α⊥γ,β⊥γ,则α⊥β;④l ⊥m,l ⊥α,m ⊥β,则α⊥β. 其中正确的命题有 A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个11.设12,F F 分别为双曲线22221(0,0)x y a b a b-=>>的左、右焦点,若在双曲线右支上存在一点P,满足212||||PF F F =,且2F 到直线1PF 的距离等于双曲线的实轴长,则该双曲线的离心率为4.3A5.3B5.4C41.4D 12.已知以T=4为周期的函数21,(1,1]()1|2|,(1,3]x x f x x x ⎧⎪-∈-=⎨--∈⎪⎩,其中m>0,若方程3f(x)=x 恰有5个实数解,则m 的取值范围为.15.(7)A 4.(7)3B48.(,)33C158.)3D 二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13. 已知tanθ=2,则cos 2θ的值为___.14.若D 点在三角形ABC 的边BC 上,且4CD DB r AB sAC ==+u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r,则3r+s 的值为___.15.已知A,B 两点均在焦点为F 的抛物线22(0)y px p =>上,若||||4,AF BF +=u u u r u u u r 线段AB 的中点到直线2px =的距离为1,则P 的值为___. 16.观察下列算式:311,= 3235,=+ 337911,=++3413151719=+++……若某数3n 按上述规律展开后,发现等式右边含有“2021”这个数,则n=___.三、解答题:共70分,解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.第17~21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答。
宁夏回族自治区银川一中2019_2020学年高二数学下学期期末考试试题理含解析

银川一中2019-2020学年度(下)高二期末考试数学试卷(理科)一、选择题:(每道题5分,共60分)1.已知曲线C :222x y +=,则曲线C 的参数方程为( )A. x y θθ⎧=⎪⎨=⎪⎩(θ为参数[)0,2θ∈π)B. 2cos 2sin x y θθ=⎧⎨=⎩(θ为参数[)0,2θ∈π)C. x y θθ⎧=⎪⎨=⎪⎩(θ为参数[)0,θπ∈)D. 2sin 2cos x y θθ=⎧⎨=⎩(θ为参数[)0,θπ∈)【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】根据圆的参数方程的定义计算可得;【详解】解:因为曲线C :222x y +=,根据cos sin x r y r θθ=⎧⎨=⎩可得其参数方程为x y θθ⎧=⎪⎨=⎪⎩(θ为参数[)0,2θ∈π)故选:A【点睛】本题考查圆的参数方程的定义的应用,属于基础题. 2.在极坐标系中,过点()1,0并且与极轴垂直的直线方程是( ) A. cos ρθ=B. sin ρθ=C. cos 1ρθ=D.sin 1ρθ=【答案】C 【解析】分析:在直角坐标系中,求出直线的方程,利用极坐标与直角坐标的互化公式求得直线极坐标方程.解答:解:在直角坐标系中,过点(1,0)并且与极轴垂直的直线方程是 x=1, 其极坐标方程为 ρcosθ=1, 故选 C .3.621x x ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭的展开式中3x 的系数为( ) A. -15 B. -20C. 20D. 15【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】先求出二项式展开式的通项,再令x 的指数为3得到r 的值,即得621x x ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭的展开式中3x 的系数.【详解】由题得二项展开式的通项为261231661(1)()()(1)rrrr r r rr T C x C x x--+=-=-, 令1233r -=,所以r =3,所以621x x ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭的展开式中3x 的系数为633()201C -=-. 故选:B.【点睛】(1)本题主要考查二项式展开式中某项的系数的求法,意在考查学生对该知识的掌握水平;(2)621x x ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭的展开式中3x 的系数为633()201C -=-,不是3620C =,要把二项式系数和项的系数两个不同的概念区分开. 4.若直线的参数方程为12{24x ty t=+=-(t 为参数),则直线的斜率为( )A.12B. 12-C. 2D. 2-【答案】D 【解析】试题分析:消参,将12x t =+两边同乘以2,与24y t =-相加可得,240x y +-=,则直线的斜率为2-.考点:1.参数方程;2.直线的斜率.5.某大型超市开业天数x 与每天的销售额y 的情况如下表所示:销售额/天(万元) 62 75 81 89根据上表提供的数据,求得y 关于x 的线性回归方程为ˆ0.6754.9yx =+,由于表中有一个数据模糊看不清,请你推断出该数据的值为( ) A. 67 B. 68 C. 68.3 D. 71【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】设该数为m ,再求,x y ,然后根据点(),x y 在回归直线上求解. 【详解】设该数为m ,()()()111102030405030,62758189307555x y m m =++++==++++=+, 因为点(),x y 在回归直线上, 所以()13070.673054.95m +=⨯+, 解得:m =68. 故选:B【点睛】本题主要考查线性回归方程的应用,还考查了理解辨析和数据处理的能力,属于基础题.6.求曲线C :22164y x -=经过'32'x x y y=⎧⎨=⎩变换后所得曲线1C 的焦点坐标为( ) A. ()15,0F -,()25,0F B. ()15,0F -,)25,0FC. ()10,5F -,()20,5FD. (15F ,(20,5F -【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】由已知得132x x y y ⎧='⎪⎨⎪='⎩,代入双曲线C 得到曲线C '的标准方程,由此能求出曲线C '的焦点坐标.【详解】解:32x x y y '=⎧⎨'=⎩,∴132x x y y ⎧='⎪⎨⎪='⎩, 代入双曲线22:164y C x -=,得221916x y ''-=. 3a ∴=,4b =,5c ==,∴曲线C '的焦点坐标为1(5,0)F -,2(5,0)F .故选:A【点睛】本题考查伸缩变换的应用,解题时要认真审题,注意双曲线的简单性质的合理运用,属于基础题.7.一袋中有5个白球,3个红球,现从袋中往外取球,每次任取一个记下颜色后放回,直到红球出现10次时停止,设停止时共取了X 次球,则()12P X =等于( )A. 10210123588C ⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭B. 929123588C ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭C. 929115388C ⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭D. 1029113588C ⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】利用n 次独立重复实验中恰好发生k 次的概率计算公式,即可求得. 【详解】解:由题意可得,取得红球的概率为38,()12P X =说明前11次取球中,有9次取得红球、2次取得白球,且第12次取得红球,故()92102991111353358881288X C P C ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=⨯⨯= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭=.故选:D.【点睛】本题考查了n 次独立重复实验中恰好发生k 次的概率,解本题须认真分析()12P X =的意义,属于基础题.8. 分配4名水暖工去3个不同的居民家里检查暖气管道,要求4名水暖工都分配出去,且每个居民家都要有人去检查,那么分配的方案共有( ) A. 34A 种 B. 3133A A 种C. 2343C A 种D. 113433C C A 种 【答案】C 【解析】 C试题分析:由题意得:有个居民家去两名水暖工,其他两个居民家各去一名水暖工,因此分配的方案共有2343C A 种,选C. 考点:排列组合9.某学校高三模拟考试中数学成绩X 服从正态分布()75,121N ,考生共有1000人,估计数学成绩在75分到86分之间的人数约为( )人.参考数据:()0.6826P X μσμσ-<<+=,(22)0.9544P X μσμσ-<<+=) A. 261 B. 341C. 477D. 683【答案】B 【解析】分析:正态总体的取值关于75x =对称,位于6486(,)之间的概率是0.6826,根据概率求出位于6486(,)这个范围中的个数,根据对称性除以2 得到要求的结果. 详解:正态总体的取值关于75x =对称,位于6486(,)之间的概率是(75117511)0.682?6P X -+=<<,则估计数学成绩在75分到86分之间的人数约为110000.682?63412⨯⨯≈人. 故选B .点睛:题考查正态曲线的特点及曲线所表示的意义,是一个基础题,解题的关键是考试的成绩X 关75X =于对称,利用对称写出要用的一段分数的频数,题目得解.10.为大力提倡“厉行节约,反对浪费”,某市通过随机询问100名性别不同的居民是否能做到“光盘”行动,得到如下的列联表:( )附:22()()()()()n ad bc K a b c d a c b d -=++++参照附表,得到的正确结论是A. 在犯错误的概率不超过l %的前提下,认为“该市居民能否做到‘光盘’与性别有关”B. 在犯错误的概率不超过l %的前提下,认为“该市居民能否做到‘光盘’与性别无关”C. 有90%以上的把握认为“该市居民能否做到‘光盘’与性别有关”D. 有90%以上的把握认为“该市居民能否做到‘光盘’与性别无关” 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析:由表计算得:22100(45153010)==3.0355457525K ⨯-⨯⨯⨯⨯,所以有90%以上的把握认为“该市居民能否做到‘光盘’与性别有关”,选C . 考点:线性相关11.北京某大学为第十八届四中全会招募了名志愿者(编号分别是,,,号),现从中任意选取人按编号大小分成两组分配到江西厅、广电厅工作,其中三个编号较小的人在一组,三个编号较大的在另一组,那么确保号、号与号同时入选并被分配到同一厅的选取种数是( ) A.B.C.D.【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:号、号与号放在一组,则其余三个编号要么都比6小,要么都比24大,比6 小时,有种选法,都比24大时,有种选法,合计30种选法,号、号与在选厅时有两种选法,所以选取的种数共有种,故正确选项为C.考点:组合与排列的概念.12.在平面直角坐标系中,以原点为极点,x 轴的正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,两种坐标系取相同的单位长度,已知曲线C :()2sin2cos 0a a ρθθ=>,过点()2,4P --的直线l 的参数方程为:222242x y ⎧=-+⎪⎪⎨⎪=-+⎪⎩(t 为参数),直线l 与曲线C 分别交于M 、N 两点.若PM 、MN 、PN 成等比数列,求a 的值( )A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】本题首先可以求出曲线C 的直角坐标方程,然后将直线l 的参数方程代入曲线C 的直角坐标方程中,根据韦达定理得出12t t +以及12t t 的值,再然后根据PM 、MN 、PN 成等比数列得出21212t t t t -=,最后将12t t +以及12t t 的值带入21212t t t t -=中,通过计算即可得出结果.【详解】因为曲线C :()2sin2cos 0a a ρθθ=>所以曲线C 的直角坐标方程为()220y ax a =>将直线l 的参数方程2224x t y t ⎧=-+⎪⎪⎨⎪=-+⎪⎩代入曲线C 的直角坐标方程得: ()2142216402t a t a -+++=, 设交点M 、N 对应的参数分别为1t 、2t , 则()122422t t a +=+,()122164t t a =+, 因为PM 、MN 、PN 成等比数列,所以21212t t t t -=,即212125t t t t =+,()()2442210164aa +=+,解得1a =或4a =-(舍取),故满足条件的1a =, 故选:A.【点睛】本题考查极坐标方程与直角坐标方程的互化以及直线参数方程的几何意义,考查韦达定理以及等比中项的灵活应用,考查计算能力,考查化归与转化思想,是中档题. 二、填空题:(每道题5分,共20分) 13.若关于x 的不等式23ax -<的解集为51|33x x ⎧⎫-<<⎨⎬⎩⎭,则a =________. 【答案】3- 【解析】试题分析:因为等式23ax -<的解集为51|33x x ⎧⎫-<<⎨⎬⎩⎭,所以51,33-为方程23ax -=的根,即3a ⇒=-,故填3-.考点:绝对值不等式 绝对值方程14.某大厦的一部电梯从底层出发后只能在第18,19,20层停靠.若该电梯在底层有5个乘客,且每位乘客在这三层的每一层下电梯的概率均为13,用X 表示这5位乘客在第20层下电梯的人数,则P (X =4)=________. 【答案】10243【解析】 【分析】一位乘客是否在20层下电梯为一次试验,这是5次独立重复试验,153X B ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭~,,用n 次独立重复试验概率公式即可求出P (X =4).【详解】一位乘客是否在20层下电梯为一次试验,这是5次独立重复试验,153X B ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭~,,则有()551233kkk P X k C -⎛⎫⎛⎫== ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,0123k =,,,,4,5. 所以()41451210433243P X C ⎛⎫⎛⎫=== ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭. 故答案为10243. 【点睛】独立重复试验的特点:(1)每次试验只有两种结果,要么发生,要么不发生;(2)每次试验的结果相互独立.15.若x y ∈R 、且满足32x y +=,则327x y +的最小值是____. 【答案】6 【解析】 【分析】本题首先可以根据基本不等式得出327x y +≥然后代入32x y +=,即可得出结果.【详解】332733x y x y +=+≥=, 因为32x y +=,所以2327236x y +≥=, 故答案为:6.【点睛】本题考查基本不等式求最值,主要考查通过基本不等式求和的最小值,考查幂的运算,考查计算能力,是简单题. 16.设,a b 为正实数,现有下列命题: ①若221a b -=,则1a b -<; ②若111b a-=,则1a b -<; ③若1a b -=,则1a b -<;④若331a b -=,则1a b -<.其中的真命题有____________.(写出所有真命题的编号) 【答案】 ①④ 【解析】试题分析:对于①,因为,由此可知,若这与矛盾,故有成立,所以①为真;对于②取知,所以②不真;对于③取成立,但不成立,所以③不真;对于④由得到:,又因为中至少有一个大于1(否则已知|a 3-b 3|=1不成立),从而成立,故④为真;综上可知真命题有①④.考点:不等式性质.三、解答题:(共70分,解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.)17.已知:椭圆C :2211612x y +=,直线l :2120x y --=. (1)求椭圆C 的参数方程;(2)求椭圆C 上一点P 到直线l 的距离的最小值.【答案】(1)4cos x y θθ=⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩;(2)min 5d =. 【解析】【分析】(1)直接由椭圆的普通方程得到椭圆的参数方程;(2)设点P坐标为()4cos ()R θθθ∈,运用点到直线的距离公式,以及两角和的正弦公式,化简可得距离d ,再由余弦函数的性质,可得最小值. 【详解】解:(1)因为椭圆C :2211612x y +=所以椭圆的参数方程是4cos x y θθ=⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩(θ为参数). (2)依题意知椭圆的参数方程是4cos x y θθ=⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩(θ为参数),故椭圆上任意一点()4cos ()P R θθθ∈到直线2120x y --=的距离是3d θθ==--33πθ⎛⎫=+- ⎪⎝⎭,当()2πk Z 3k πθ+=∈时,min 5d =. 【点睛】本题考查椭圆参数方程的运用,以及点到直线的距离公式,考查化简整理的运算能力,属于基础题.18.王府井百货分店今年春节期间,消费达到一定标准的顾客可进行一次抽奖活动,随着抽奖活动的有效开展,参与抽奖活动的人数越来越多,该分店经理对春节前7天参加抽奖活动的人数进行统计,y 表示第x 天参加抽奖活动的人数,得到统计表格如下:经过进一步统计分析,发现y 与x 具有线性相关关系.(1)请根据上表提供的数据,用最小二乘法求出y 关于x 的线性回归方程ˆˆˆybx a =+; (2)若该活动只持续10天,估计共有多少名顾客参加抽奖.参与公式:1221ˆ==-⋅=-∑∑ni ii n i i x y nx y b x nx ,ˆˆa y bx =-,71364i i i x y ==∑. 【答案】(1)ˆ23yx =+(2)140人 【解析】【分析】(1)利用回归直线方程计算公式,计算出回归直线方程.(2)利用回归直线方程,估计出第8,9,10三天参加抽奖的顾客人数,由此求得这10天共有的人数.【详解】(1)依题意:()1123456747x =++++++=, ()158810141517117y =++++++=, 721140i i x==∑,71364i i i x y ==∑, 71722173647411ˆ21407167i ii i i x y x y b xx ==-⋅-⨯⨯===-⨯-∑∑, ˆˆ11243ay bx =-=-⨯=, 则y 关于x 的线性回归方程为ˆ23yx =+. (2)预测8x =时,ˆ19y=,9x =时,ˆ21y =,10x =时,ˆ23y =,此次活动参加抽奖的人数约为5+8+8+10+14+15+17+19+21+23=140人.【点睛】本小题主要考查回归直线方程的求法,考查利用回归直线方程进行预测,属于中档题.19.已知函数()2f x x =-.(1)求不等式()3f x <的解集;(2)若0a >,0b >,且111a b+=,求证:()()314f a f b +++≥. 【答案】(1)()1,5-;(2)证明见解析.【解析】【分析】(1)由绝对值的性质求解.(2)由已知得1,1a b >>,则(3)(1)1111f a f b a b a b a b +++=++-=++-=+,然后利用基本不等式可证明不等式成立.【详解】(1)()3f x <,即23x -<,所以323x -<-<,15x -<<,所以不等式解集为(1,5)-..(2)因为0a >,0b >,111a b +=,所以101a<<,101b <<,所以1a >,1b >, 由题意知()()311111f a f b a b a b a b +++=++-=++-=+, 因为111a b+=, 所以11()24b a a b a b a b a b ⎛⎫+=++=++≥⎪⎝⎭,当且仅当b a a b =即2a b ==时等号成立, 所以()()314f a f b +++≥.【点睛】本题考查解含绝对值的不等式,考查用基本不等式证明不等成立,在只有一个绝对值符号时,可以利用绝对值的性质求解.用基本不等式证明不等式时关键是是凑配出基本不等式所需的定值.20.在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,曲线1C 的参数方程为3sin x t y t ⎧=⎪⎨=⎪⎩(t 为参数).以坐标原点为极点,x 轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,直线l 的极坐标方程是cos sin θθ=,曲线2C 的极坐标方程是6cos 4sin ρθθ=+.(1)求直线l 和曲线2C 的直角坐标方程,曲线1C 的普通方程;(2)若直线l 与曲线1C 和曲线2C 在第一象限的交点分别为P ,Q ,求OP OQ +的值.【答案】(1):0l x y -=;222:640C x y x y +--=;221:139x y C +=(2)2. 【解析】分析】(1)由cos sin θθ=,得cos sin ρθρθ=,代入cos sin x y ρθρθ=⎧⎨=⎩即可得直线l 的直角坐标方程;由6cos 4sin ρθθ=+,得26cos 4sin ρρθρθ=+,代入cos sin x y ρθρθ=⎧⎨=⎩得曲线2C 的直角坐标方程;由3sin x t y t ⎧=⎪⎨=⎪⎩消去参数即可 (2)得到1C 和2C 的极坐标方程,因为cos sin θθ=,所以tan 1,4πθθ==,把4πθ=代入1C 和2C 的极坐标方程,根据极径的意义可得. 【详解】解:(1)由cos sin θθ=,得cos sin ρθρθ=,代入cos sin x yρθρθ=⎧⎨=⎩,得x y =, 故直线l 的直角坐标方程是0x y -=.由6cos 4sin ρθθ=+,得26cos 4sin ρρθρθ=+, 代入cos sin x y ρθρθ=⎧⎨=⎩,得2264x y x y +=+, 即22640x y x y +--=,故曲线2C 的直角坐标方程是22640x y x y +--=.由3sin x t y t ⎧=⎪⎨=⎪⎩,得2213y ⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭ 即22139x y +=. 故曲线1C 的普通方程是22139x y +=. (2)把cos sin x yρθρθ=⎧⎨=⎩代入22139x y +=中,化简整理, 曲线1C 的极坐标方程为22912cos θρ=+, 曲线2C 的极坐标方程为6cos 4sin ρθθ=+,因为cos sin θθ=,所以tan 1,4πθθ==所以2OP ==,6cos 4sin 44OQ ππ=+=所以2OP OQ += 【点睛】考查直角坐标方程、极坐标方程、参数方程的互相转化以及根据极坐标方程中极径的几何意义求距离,中档题21.选修4-5:不等式选讲 已知函数()212f x x x a =-++,()3g x x =+,(Ⅰ)当2a =-时,解不等式:()()f x g x <;(Ⅱ)若1a >-,且当1,22a x ⎡⎫∈-⎪⎢⎣⎭时,()()f x g x ≤,求a 的取值范围. 【答案】(Ⅰ){}|02x x <<(Ⅱ)4(1,]3a ∈-【解析】试题分析:(I )当a =-2时,不等式()f x <()g x 化为212230x x x -+---<,设函数y =21223x x x -+---,y =15,? 21{2,? 1236,? 1x x x x x x -<--≤≤->,其图像如图所示,从图像可知,当且仅当(0,2)x ∈时,y <0,∴原不等式解集是{|02}x x <<.(Ⅱ)当x ∈[2a -,12)时,()f x =1a +,不等式()f x ≤()g x 化为13a x +≤+, ∴2x a ≥-对x ∈[2a -,12)都成立,故2a -≥2a -,即a ≤43, ∴a 的取值范围为(-1,43]. 考点:绝对值不等式解法,不等式恒成立问题.点评:中档题,绝对值不等式解法,通常以“去绝对值符号”为出发点.有“平方法”,“分类讨论法”,“几何意义法”,不等式性质法等等.不等式恒成立问题,通常利用“分离参数法”,建立不等式,确定参数的范围.22.2020年1月10日,引发新冠肺炎疫情的9COVID -病毒基因序列公布后,科学家们便开始了病毒疫苗的研究过程.但是类似这种病毒疫苗的研制需要科学的流程,不是一朝一夕能完成的,其中有一步就是做动物试验.已知一个科研团队用小白鼠做接种试验,检测接种疫苗后是否出现抗体.试验设计是:每天接种一次,3天为一个接种周期.已知小白鼠接种后当天出现抗体的概率为12,假设每次接种后当天是否出现抗体与上次接种无关. (1)求一个接种周期内出现抗体次数K 的分布列;(2)已知每天接种一次花费100元,现有以下两种试验方案:①若在一个接种周期内连续2次出现抗体即终止本周期试验,进行下一接种周期,试验持续三个接种周期,设此种试验方式的花费为X 元;②若在一个接种周期内出现2次或3次抗体,该周期结束后终止试验,已知试验至多持续三个接种周期,设此种试验方式的花费为Y 元.本着节约成本的原则,选择哪种实验方案.【答案】(1)分布列见解析;(2)①825元;②选择方案二.【解析】【分析】(1)利用二项分布的知识计算出分布列.(2)①先求得一个接种周期的接种费用的期望值,由此求得三个接种周期的接种费用的期望值()E X .②首先求得“在一个接种周期内出现2次或3次抗体”的概率,根据相互独立事件概率计算公式,结合随机变量期望值的计算,计算出花费的期望值()E Y .由于()()E X E Y >,所以选择方案二. 【详解】(1)由题意可知,随机变量K 服从二项分布13,2K B ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭, 故()331122k k kP K k C -⎛⎫⎛⎫==⋅⋅ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭(0,1,2,3k =)则X 的分布列为(2)①设一个接种周期的接种费用为ξ元,则ξ可能的取值为200,300,因为()12004P ξ==,()33004P ξ==, 所以()1320030027544E ξ=⨯+⨯=. 所以三个接种周期的平均花费为()()33275825E X E ξ==⨯=.②随机变量Y 可能的取值为300,600,900,设事件A 为“在一个接种周期内出现2次或3次抗体”,由(1)知,()311882P A =+=. 所以()()13002P Y P A ===, ()()()160014P Y P A P A ==-⨯=⎡⎤⎣⎦, ()()()19001114P Y P A P A ==-⨯-⨯=⎡⎤⎡⎤⎣⎦⎣⎦, 所以()111300600900525244E Y =⨯+⨯+⨯= 因为()()E X E Y >.所以选择方案二.【点睛】本小题主要考查二项分布,考查相互独立事件概率计算,考查数学期望的计算,属于中档题.。
考点23 浓硫酸在化学实验中的应用(解析版)

考点23 浓硫酸在化学实验中的应用1.(2019北京)下列除杂试剂选用正确且除杂过程不涉及氧化还原反应的是物质(括号内杂质)除杂试剂A FeCl2溶液(FeCl3)Fe粉B NaCl溶液(MgCl2)NaOH溶液、稀HClC Cl2(HCl)H2O、浓H2SO4D NO(NO2)H2O、无水CaCl2【答案】B【解析】A.FeCl3与Fe反应生成FeCl2,2FeCl3+Fe=3FeCl2,此过程中Fe的化合价发生变化,涉及到了氧化还原反应,故A不符合题意;B.MgCl2与NaOH溶液发生复分解反应MgCl2+2NaOH=Mg(OH)2 +2NaCl,过量的NaOH溶液可用HCl除去HCl+NaOH=NaCl+H2O ,此过程中没有元素化合价发生变化,未涉及氧化还原反应,故B符合题意;C.部分氯气与H2O 发生反应生成氯化氢和次氯酸,反应过程中氯元素化合价变化,涉及到了氧化还原反应,故C不符合题意;D.NO2 与水反应生成硝酸和NO。
反应过程中氮元素化合价发生变化,涉及到了氧化还原反应,故D不符合题意。
2.(2019天津)下列实验操作或装置能达到目的的是()A B C DNO气体证明乙炔可使溴水褪色混合浓硫酸和乙醇配制一定浓度的溶液收集2【答案】B【解析】A、乙醇的密度小于浓硫酸,混合时应将浓硫酸沿烧杯壁倒入乙醇中,边倒边搅拌,若顺序相反则容易引起液体飞溅,故A不能达到目的;B、容量瓶上的刻度与凹液面的最低处相切,胶头滴管垂直位于容量瓶的正上方,故B能达到目的;C、二氧化氮的密度大于空气,集气瓶中的导气管应长进短出,故C 不能达到目的;D、乙炔中的H2S等杂质也能使溴水褪色,应先通过一个盛碱液的洗气瓶将杂质除去,故D 不能达到目的。
3.(2018课标Ⅱ)下列实验过程可以达到实验目的的是【答案】B【解析】A.氢氧化钠溶于水放热,因此溶解后需要冷却到室温下再转移至容量瓶中,A错误;B.氯化铁具有氧化性,能被维生素C还原为氯化亚铁,从而使溶液颜色发生变化,所以向盛有2 mL黄色氯化铁溶液的试管中滴加浓的维生素C溶液,通过观察颜色变化可以探究维生素C的还原性,B正确;C.向稀盐酸中加入锌粒,生成氢气,由于生成的氢气中含有氯化氢和水蒸气,因此将生成的气体依次通过NaOH溶液、浓硫酸即可,不需要通过KMnO4溶液,或者直接通过碱石灰,C错误;D.反应的方程式为HSO3-+H2O2=SO42-+H++H2O,这说明反应过程中没有明显的实验现象,因此无法探究浓度对反应速率的影响,D错误。
宁夏回族自治区银川一中2022届高三高考三模理综试卷及答案

绝密★启用前2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试理科综合能力测试试题卷(答案在最后)( 银川一中第三次模拟考试 )注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.作答时,务必将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
可能用到的相对原子质量:H—1 C—12 O—16 Sc—45 Co—59 Cu—64 Sm—150一、选择题:本题共13小题,每小题6分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.在中学生物学实验中,用到的物质分离方法与相应实验对应错误的一组是A.差速离心法:分离各种细胞器B.纸层析法:分离绿叶中各种色素C.密度梯度离心法:研究DNA的半保留复制D.离心分离法:分离T2噬菌体的蛋白质和DNA2.生物分子都有自己特有的结构及特点,都以一定的有序性存在于生命体系中,下列叙述正确的是A.血红蛋白分子中不同肽链之间主要通过肽键连接B.DNA、RNA分子中都可能含有一定数量的氢键C.ATP分子中的“T”代表每分子A TP中含有三个高能磷酸键D.DNA分子脱氧核苷酸链上相邻碱基之间通过磷酸二酯键连接3.软骨骨生成障碍综合征(LWD)是一种显性遗传病,控制此病的相关基因A/a位于X、Y染色体的同源区段,在形成精子时,X和Y染色体的同源区段可发生联会和交叉互换。
不考虑突变,下列叙述正确的是A.LWD患者的父母中至少有一方是患者B.基因型为X a Y A的男性患者所生的儿子一定患病C.两个患者生育的子女一定患病,所以不建议他们生育D.若要调查LWD的发病率,应该随机选取足够多的患者家属4.疟疾主要通过按蚊进行传播,杀虫剂的广泛使用可以有效降低疟疾发病率。
近年来发现携带疟原虫的按蚊中存在一种化学感应蛋白(SAP2),使它们对杀虫剂显示出了很强的抵抗力。
下列说法错误的是A.抗杀虫剂按蚊的出现不一定说明产生了新的物种B.在使用杀虫剂之前按蚊种群基因库中就存在抗药性基因C.抗杀虫剂按蚊群体的出现说明该按蚊种群已发生了进化D.杀虫剂直接作用于按蚊个体的基因型而影响种群的基因频率5.体温调节的调定点学说认为人体有一确定的体温调定点数值(如37℃)。
宁夏银川一中2020届高三年级第二次月考语文试卷含答案

银川一中2020届高三年级第二次月考语文试卷命题教师:龙华注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.作答时,务必将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成下列小题。
文化的进化是非线性的,是可以断裂和迅速消亡的。
历史上一些伟大文明的消亡就是明证。
所以,保护民族传统文化,抵御单极化和文化整合效应,也是我们应当积极支持的。
经济全球化趋势,以及文化整合效应,已经导致许多传统文化的消亡,导致许多文明形态的边缘化。
以某些大国为代表的强势文化的统摄力和冲击力,引起了全球许多国家的高度警觉。
这两年我们常常听到关于“文化安全”的讨论,就是一种防御策略和姿态。
也就是在这样的背景之下,才有了关于文化多样性的倡导。
文化多样性的理念,在联合国教科文组织《世界文化多样性宣言》中是这么表述的:文化在不同的时代和不同的地方具有各种不同的表现形式;这种多样性的具体表现是构成人类的各群体和各社会的特性所具有的独特性和多样化。
《宣言》还说,文化多样性是交流、革新和创作的源泉,对人类来讲就像生物多样性对维持生物平衡那样必不可少。
文化多样性是人类的共同遗产,应当从当代人和子孙后代的利益考虑予以承认和肯定。
我国各民族在文化上呈现出的多样性和差异性,是主流社会和管理阶层所关注的。
以前人们多从进化论的角度去评判其高下雅俗,并分别予以对待,这有其历史的理由。
现在从文化相对论的角度看,多样性的民族文化各有自身的特色和存在的价值,不应有高低贵贱之分,只要它们是守法的、文明的,其文化权利都是平等的。
目前我国对本土文化的尊重,对少数民族文化的研究和保护,不仅有深厚的文化价值,还有很高的学术价值。
树立文化多样性的观念,建立信仰之间的互相尊重,这是实现民族平等的必要条件。
民族之间要互相尊重,提倡对民族文化作同情的理解和增强文化包容精神,提倡民族理性,防止伤害民族感情的行为,抑制民族主义的狂热与偏激,以利于民族平等和团结和睦。
高考语法填空考点解析之非谓语动词(高考真题+答案详解)

语法填空解题技巧之非谓语动词【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向非谓语动词近三年考点分布高考真题1.(2020·新课标I卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 _____ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.2. (2020·新课标II卷)They are easy _______ (care) for and make great presents.3. (2020·新课标III卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out ______ (find) the well-known painter.4. (2020·浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ______(change)lives.5.(2020·新课标II卷)They represent the earth __________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.6. (2020·新课标II卷语法填空)They make great gifs and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.7. (2020·新课标III卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.8.(2020·山东新高考) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or _____(walk)through a rainforest.9. (2020·浙江卷语)Later,they learned to work with the seasons,planting at the right time and,in dry areas,_________ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.10. (2020·新课标II卷)They represent the earth ______ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 12.(2020·山东新高考) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ______(walk)through a rainforest.13.(2019全国I卷)Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ______ (perform) consistently over a large area.14.(2019全国III卷)On our way to the house,it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take _____ (get)there.15.(2019浙江高考)But some students didn't want ______ (wear) the uniform.16. (2019·北京卷)Nervously _____ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.17.(2019全国II卷)When we got a call ______ (say)she was short-listed,we thought it was a joke.18.(2019全国III卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,_____ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.19.(2019浙江高考)When the children are walking or ______ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.20.(2019全国I卷)Scientists have responded by _____ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.21.(2019全国II卷)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ______ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.22.(2019浙江高考)When the children are walking or ______ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.23. 【2018·全国II】Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ______ (improve) water quality.24. 【2018·全国III】Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay)and watch.25. 【2018·全国II】That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ______ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakersworldwide." says the bank's Juergen V oegele.26. 【2018·全国III】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel________(challenge).27.【2018·全国I】You don't have to run fast or for long to see the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ______ (die) early by running.28. 【2018·全国III】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.29. 【2018·浙江】I still remember ______ (visit) a friend who’d live d here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.练习突破【做题实践中找规律】【例1】【安徽省皖南八校2021届高三10月份第一次联考】Following the Japanese surrender in 1945, Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist Government reoccupied the Headquarters-Presidential Palace for ______ (govern) the Republic of China.【广西钦州市、崇左市2021届高三上学期第一次教学质量检测】The World Health Organization (WHO) says 【例2】that 80% of the world’s teens don’t get enough exercise to live healthy lives. The report, which was published in The Lancet in 2019, was based on research done with students ______(age) 11 to 17 in 146 different countries.【吉林省吉林市2021届高三上学期第一次调研考试】A Weibo user remarked, “Li’s success lies in her passion 【例3】for life.” Another Weibo user wrote, “Thank you for giving me an opportunity_____ (appreciate) the landscape in the countryside.”【例4】【宁夏银川一中2021届高三第三次月考】Food items themselves have meaning _____(attach) to them. In many Western countries, a box of chocolate would be viewed as an appropriate gift.【例5】【宁夏银川一中2021届高三第三次月考】Because people and food are mobile, _____(try) to define a country’s culture by what they eat i s often inaccurate.【吉林省长春市普通高中2021届高三质量检测】The Chinese master carpenter, Wang Dewen, ______ (know) 【例6】as “Grandpa Amu” on YouTube, has been considered as the modern-day Lu Ban.【吉林省长春市普通高中2021届高三质量检测】His most popular video, which shows him making a fantastic 【例7】wooden arch bridge, rose to fame on the platform, _______ (gain) more than 42 million views.【例8】【四川省南充高中2021届高三第二次月考】China has named 24,126 primary and middle schools across the country specialist football schools ______(lead) youth football development, according to the Ministry of Education (MOE).【例9】【江西省赣州市会昌县七校2021届高三联合月考】This is the first time a large group of scientists havejointly(共同地) used the word "emergency" when ______ (talk) about climate change."【例10】【云贵川桂四省2021届高三上学期10月联合考试】Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe even revive corals. One option is _______ (create) more marine protected areas-essentially national parks in the ocean.【例11】【江西省赣州市会昌县七校2021届高三联合月考】The scientists appealed to nations _______ (use) energy more efficiently and cut their use of fossil fuels.【例12】【山西省长治市2021届高三期中考试联考】I got tired of studying and finally I refused to attend class, _______(shut) myself in my room for hours.【例13】【河南省2020-2021学年高三毕业班阶段性测试(二)】The crossbow had the advantage of not only______(send)an arrow with enough force to cut through body armor(盔甲)but its arrows, being short, could not be shot back by bowmen.规律方法:如何判断空格处应填非谓语动词?(1) 正确判断非谓语动词。
向量的数量积与最值范围

第3讲 平面向量的数量积1.向量的夹角已知两个非零向量a 和b ,作OA →=a ,OB →=b ,则∠AOB 就是向量a 与b 的夹角,向量夹角的范围是[0,π]. 2.平面向量的数量积3.平面向量数量积的有关结论已知非零向量a =(x 1,y 1),b =(x 2,y 2),a 与b 的夹角为θ.[玩转典例]题型一 平面向量数量积的计算例1 (2020·上饶模拟)设D ,E 为正三角形ABC 中BC 边上的两个三等分点,且BC =2,则AD →·AE →等于( ) A.49 B.89 C.269D.263例2 (2015新课标II)向量a =(1,-1),b =(-1,2),则(2a +b )·a 等于( ) A .-1 B .0 C .1 D .2 [玩转跟踪]1.设向量a =(-1,2),b =(m,1),如果向量a +2b 与2a -b 平行,那么a 与b 的数量积等于( ) A .-72B .-12C.32D.522.(新课标全国Ⅱ,14)已知正方形ABCD 的边长为2,E 为CD 的中点,则AE →·BD →=________. 题型二 利用数量积求射影例3 (湖北,7)已知点A (-1,1),B (1,2),C (-2,-1),D (3,4),则向量AB →在CD →方向上的投影为( ) A.322 B.3152 C.-322 D.-3152[玩转跟踪]1.已知向量a ,b 满足a ·(b +a )=2,且a =(1,2),则向量b 在a 方向上的投影为( ) A.55B .-55C .-255D .-355题型三 利用数量积求模长例4 (新课标全国Ⅱ,3)设向量a ,b 满足|a +b |=10,|a -b |=6,则a ·b =( ) A .1 B .2C .3D .5[玩转跟踪]1.(大纲全国,4)若向量a 、b 满足:|a |=1,(a +b )⊥a ,(2a +b )⊥b ,则|b |=( ) A .2B. 2C .1D.222. (新课标全国,13)已知向量a ,b 夹角为45°,且|a |=1,|2a -b |=10,则|b |=________. 题型四 利用数量积求夹角例5 (山东,7)已知向量a =(1,3),b =(3,m ),若向量a ,b 的夹角为π6,则实数m =( )A.2 3B. 3C.0D.-3 [玩转跟踪]1.(重庆,7)已知非零向量a ,b 满足|b |=4|a |,且a ⊥(2a +b ),则a 与b 的夹角为( ) A.π3 B.π2 C.2π3 D.5π6 题型五 利用数量积求解垂直问题例6 已知向量AB ―→与AC ―→的夹角为120°,且|AB ―→|=3,|AC ―→|=2.若AP ―→=λAB ―→+AC ―→,且AP ―→⊥BC ―→,则实数λ的值为________. [玩转跟踪]1.(晋冀豫三省一调)已知向量a =(x ,1),b =(1,y ),c =(2,-4),且a ⊥c ,b ∥c , 则|a +b |=( ) A. 5 B.10 C.2 5D.10题型六 利用数量积求解取值范围例7 (湖南,10)在平面直角坐标系中,O 为原点,A (-1,0),B (0,3),C (3,0),动点D 满足|CD →|=1,则|OA →+OB →+OD →|的取值范围是( )A.[4,6]B.[19-1,19+1]C.[23,27 ]D.[7-1,7+1]例8 (2017新课标Ⅱ)已知ABC ∆是边长为2的等边三角形,P 为平面ABC 内一点,则()PA PB PC ⋅+的最小值是A .2-B .32-C .43- D .1- [玩转跟踪]1.(湖南,9)已知点A ,B ,C 在圆x 2+y 2=1上运动,且AB ⊥BC ,若点P 的坐标为(2,0),则|P A →+PB →+PC →|的最大值为( )A.6B.7C.8D.92.(2020·聊城模拟)在△ABC 中,BC 边上的中线AD 的长为2,点P 是△ABC 所在平面上的任意一点,则P A →·PB →+P A →·PC →的最小值为( ) A .1 B .2 C .-2 D .-1[玩转练习]1.已知|a |=1,|b |=2,a 与b 的夹角为π3,那么|4a -b |等于( )A .2B .6C .2 3D .12 2.(2020·广东一模)a ,b 为平面向量,已知a =(2,4),a -2b =(0,8),则a ,b 夹角的余弦值等于( ) A .-45B .-35C.35D.453.已知向量a =(1,2),b =(2,-3).若向量c 满足(a +c )∥b ,c ⊥(a +b ),则c =( ) A.⎝⎛⎭⎫79,73 B .⎝⎛⎭⎫-73,-79 C.⎝⎛⎭⎫73,79D.⎝⎛⎭⎫-79,-73 4.(2019·贵州省适应性考试)如图,在直角梯形ABCD 中,AB =4,CD =2,AB ∥CD ,AB ⊥AD ,E 是BC 的中点,则AB ―→·(AC ―→+AE ―→)=( ) A .8 B .12 C .16D .205.(多选)(2020·山东高考预测卷)已知平面向量a =(3,4),b =(7,1),则下列结论正确的是( ) A .a +b =(10,5) B .|b |=10|a |C .a ∥(a -b )D .a 与b 的夹角为45°6.(多选)已知△ABC 的外接圆圆心为O ,半径为2,OA ―→+AB ―→+AC ―→=0,且|OA ―→|=|AB ―→|,下列结论正确的是( )A.CA ―→在CB ―→方向上的投影长为-3 B.OA ―→·AB ―→=OA ―→·AC ―→C.CA ―→在CB ―→方向上的投影长为 3 D.OB ―→·AB ―→=OC ―→·AC ―→7.(2019·福州市质量检测)已知两个单位向量a ,b 满足|a +b |=3|b |,则a 与b 的夹角为________. 8.(2019·郑州市第一次质量预测)已知e 1,e 2为单位向量且夹角为2π3,设a =3e 1+2e 2,b =3e 2,则a 在b方向上的投影为________.9.(一题两空)(2019·山东师大附中二模改编)已知向量a ,b ,其中|a |=3,|b |=2,且(a -b )⊥a ,则向量a 和b 的夹角是________,a ·(a +b )=________.10.如图所示,在等腰直角三角形AOB 中,OA =OB =1,AB ―→=4AC ―→,则OC ―→·(OB ―→-OA ―→)=________.11.已知|a |=4,|b |=8,a 与b 的夹角是120°. (1)计算:①|a +b |,②|4a -2b |;(2)当k 为何值时,(a +2b )⊥(k a -b ).12.在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,点A (-1,-2),B (2,3),C (-2,-1). (1)求以线段AB ,AC 为邻边的平行四边形两条对角线的长; (2)设实数t 满足(AB ―→-t OC ―→)·OC ―→=0,求t 的值.13.在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,若定点A (1,2)与动点P (x ,y )满足向量OP ―→在向量OA ―→上的投影为-5,则点P 的轨迹方程是( ) A .x -2y +5=0 B .x +2y -5=0 C .x +2y +5=0D .x -2y -5=014.已知|a |=2|b |≠0,且关于x 的函数f (x )=13x 3+12|a |x 2+a ·b x 在R 上有极值,则向量a 与b 的夹角θ的范围是__________.15.已知向量m =(sin x ,-1),n =⎝⎛⎭⎫3cos x ,-12,函数f (x )=m 2+m ·n -2. (1)求f (x )的最大值,并求f (x )取最大值时x 的取值集合;(2)已知a ,b ,c 分别为△ABC 内角A ,B ,C 的对边,角B 为锐角,且f (B )=1,b =3,若满足条件的△ABC 仅有一解,求a 的取值范围.第4讲 平面向量的最值范围问题平面向量中的范围、最值问题是热点问题,也是难点问题,此类问题综合性强,体现了知识的交汇组合.其基本题型是根据已知条件求某个变量的范围、最值,比如向量的模、数量积、向量夹角、系数的范围的等,解决思路是建立目标函数的函数解析式,转化为求函数的最值,同时向量兼顾“数”与“形”的双重身份,所以解决平面向量的范围、最值问题的另外一种思路是数形结合.题型一 平面向量数量积的范围问题已知两个非零向量a 和b ,它们的夹角为θ,把数量cos a b θ⋅⋅叫做a 和b 的数量积(或内积),记作a b ⋅.即a b ⋅=cos a b θ⋅⋅,规定00a ⋅=,数量积的表示一般有三种方法:(1)当已知向量的模和夹角时,可利用定义法求解,即a b ⋅=cos a b θ⋅⋅;(2)当已知向量的坐标时,可利用坐标法求解,即若a =(x 1,y 1),b =(x 2,y 2),则a ·b =x 1x 2+y 1y 2;(3)运用平面向量基本定理,将数量积的两个向量用基底表示后,再运算.【例1】【2020河北邯郸摸底】在边长为2的等边三角形ABC 中,D 是AB 的中点,E 为线段AC 上一动点,则ED EB ⋅的取值范围为 【玩转跟踪】1.【2015福建高考试题理9】已知1,,AB AC AB AC t t⊥== ,若点P 是ABC △ 所在平面内一点,且4AB AC AP ABAC=+,则PB PC 的最大值等于( ).A .13B .15C .19D .21 题型二 平面向量模的取值范围问题 设(,)a x y =,则22a a x ==+向量的模可以利用坐标表示,也可以借助“形”,向量的模指的是有向线段的长度,过可结合平面几何知识求解,尤其注意,如果直接求模不易,可以将向量用基底向量表示再求. 【例2】【2020届宁夏银川一中高三上学期第三次月考】已知,是平面内两个互相垂直的单位向量,若向量满足,则的最大值是 ( )A .1B .2C .D .【玩转跟踪】1.【2020届山西省山西大学附中高三10月月考】已知,a b 是平面内互不相等的两个非零向量,且||1,a a b =-与b 的夹角为150,则||b 的取值范围是( )A .]3,0(B .[1,3]C .]2,0(D .[3,2] 题型三 平面向量夹角的取值范围问题设11(,)a x y =,22(,)b x y =,且,a b 的夹角为θ,则21cos a b a bx θ⋅==⋅+.【例3】已知向量→OA 与→OB 的夹角为θ,→→→→→→→-====PQ OB t OQ OA t OP OB OA ,)1(,,1,20t 在时取得最小值,当0105t <<时,夹角θ的取值范围为( ) A.0,3π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭B.,32ππ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭ C.2,23ππ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭ D.20,3π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭【玩转跟踪】1.非零向量满足=,,则的夹角的最小值是 .题型四 平面向量系数的取值范围问题平面向量中涉及系数的范围问题时,要注意利用向量的模、数量积、夹角之间的关系,通过列不等式或等式得系数的不等式,从而求系数的取值范围.【例4】【2020.山东潍坊市期中】已知()2,λ=a ,()5,3-=b ,且与的夹角为锐角,则λ的取值范围是 . 【玩转跟踪】1.【2020届江西省南昌二中高三上学期第三次考试】设向量1e 、2e 满足:122,1e e ==,1e ,2e 的夹角是60︒,若1227te e +与12e te +的夹角为钝角,则t 的范围是( )A .1(7,)2-- B .141(7,(,)2---C .141[7,(,]2---D .1(,7)(,)2-∞--+∞ 【玩转练习】1.【2020届广西河池高中高三上第五次月考】在ABC ∆中,O 为中线AM 上一个动点,若2AM =,则()OA OB OC ⋅+的最小值是( )A .2B .-1C .-2D .-4b a ,b a ⋅222b a 2||||=+b a b a与2.【2020届湖南师范大学附中高三上学期月考】已知Rt AOB ∆的面积为1,O 为直角顶点.设向量OA a OA=,OB b OB=,2OP a b =+,则PA PB ⋅的最大值为( )A .1B .2C .3D .43.【2020届陕西省商洛市商南高中高三上第二次模拟】已知向量,满足:||=3,||=1,|﹣2|≤2,则在上的投影长度的取值范围是( ) A .[0,] B .(0,] C .[,1] D .[,1]4.已知向量)sin ,(cos θθ=a , )1,3(-=b 则|2|b a -的最大值,最小值分别是( ) A .0,24 B .24,4 C .16,0 D .4,05. 已知,a b 是单位向量,0a b =.若向量c 满足1,c a b c --=则的取值范围是( )A.⎤⎦B.⎤⎦C .1⎡⎤⎣⎦D .1⎡⎤⎣⎦6.设21,e e 为单位向量,非零向量R y x e y e x ∈+=,,21,若21,e e 的夹角为6π,||b ________. 7.如图,边长为1的正方形ABCD 的顶点A,D 分别在x 轴,y 轴正半轴上移动,则⋅的最大值是 .8.【2020届福建省厦门一中高三上学期期中】平面上四点,,,A B C D 满足2,4,6,4AB AC AD AB AC ===⋅=,则DBC ∆面积的最大值为 .9.【2020届浙江省慈溪中学高三上学期期中】已知非零向量a ,b ,c 满足1a ≥,2a b a b +=-=,()()3c a c b -⋅-=,则||c 的最小值是 ,最大值是 .10. 【2020.河南顶级名校】设O 是ABC ∆的三边中垂线的交点,,,a b c 分别为角,,A B C 对应的边,已知2220b b c -+=,则BC AO ⋅的范围是___________.11(2015天津高考理14)在等腰梯形ABCD 中,已知//AB DC ,2AB =,1BC =,60ABC ∠= ,动点E 和F 分别在线段BC 和DC 上, 且BE BC λ=,19DF DC λ=,则AE AF ⋅的最小值为 . 12. 在矩形A BCD 中,边AB 、AD 的长分别为2、1,若M 、N 分别是边BC 、CD 上的点,且满足||||||||BM CN BC CD =,则AM AN ⋅的取值范围是________.。
宁夏银川一中2020届高三英语第一次模拟试题(含解析)

宁夏银川一中2020届高三英语第一次模拟试题(含解析)注意事项:1. 答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
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每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt ?A.$19.15.B.$9.18C.$9.15答案是C.1. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At home.B. At a hospital.C. At a drug store.2. How does the woman feel?A. Satisfied.B. Discouraged.C. Excited.3. How much will the woman pay?A. $12.B. $30.C. $42.4. What did the woman fail to see?A. A sign.B. A parking lot.C. A disabled person.5. Why does the man talk to Dr. Simpson?A. To make an apology.B. To ask for help.C. To discuss his studies.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
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宁夏银川一中2020届高三英语第二次模拟考试试题注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.作答时,务必将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分:听力理解(共两节。
满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题:每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt ?A.$19.15.B.$9.18C.$9.15答案是C.1. Which skirt will the man buy?A. The green one.B. The brown one.C. The red one.2. What does the man think of the car?A. Cheap.B. Old.C. Nice.3. Why can’t men do better in a computer company than women?A. They are not as careful as women.B. They are too strong.C. Their hands are too big.4. When is the concert going to start?A. At 7:45.B. At 7:30.C. At 7:15.5. Where does this conversation take place?A. In a food store.B. In a restaurant.C. At a vegetable market.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白,每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. What can we know about the woman?A. She hasn’t been to Australia.B. She is Australian.C. She is Chinese.7. Which is the best season to visit Australia?A. Spring.B. Autumn.C. Summer.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
8. What will be sent to the US by airmail?A. A birthday gift.B. Insurance list.C. A small necklace.9. Who will get the parcel?A. The woman’s husband.B. The woman’s daughter.C. The woman’s teacher.10. How much will the woman pay?A. Just 100 yuan.B. Less than 100 yuan.C. More than 100 yuan.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
11. What is the woman tired of?A. Using packing cases as seats.B. Sitting on secondhand chairs.C. Buying things at street markets.12. What does the man worry about?A. They cannot find new chairs.B. New chairs are too expensive.C. Old chairs are not comfortable.13. When does the market open?A. On Thursdays.B. On Sundays.C. On Saturdays.听第9段材料,回答第14至16题。
14. What is the man most likely to be?A. A tourist traveling to a seaside town.B. A reporter from a newspaper press.C. A clerk of the traveling agency.15. What was the woman satisfied with?A. The room of the hotel that they stayed in.B. The distance between the hotel and the beach.C. The time when they arrived at the seaside town.16. How often does the woman go out for holidays?A. At least twice a year.B. At least once a year.C. At least once a month.听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
17. What’s the passage mainly about?A. Air pollution outside.B. Indoor air pollution.C. The disease caused by the polluted air.18. Where did some of the worst indoor air pollution happen?A. In super countries.B. In developed countries.C. In places where wood and coal were used for cooking.19. How many diseases could be caused by breathing harmful indoor air according to the passage?A. 5.B. 6.C. 7.20. What would be probably talked about next?A. Causes of indoor air pollution.B. Problems of indoor air pollution.C. Ways to solve the problem of indoor air pollution.第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分, 满分30分)阅读下列短文,从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AAd. 1Place: Inner Affair, 1/F Qiankun Dasha, 6 Sanlitun Xiliujie, Chaoyang District Tel: 8454 0321Language in useEnjoy free in-house coffee, tea and beer as well as music and dancing. Practice your Chinese, make friends and have fun.Time/date: 7 to 9 pm, March 25Place: Language In Use Club, 2/F, Science Fortune Center, 8 Xueqing Lu, north of Xueyuan Lu, Haidian DistrictThe "worst" partyOrganized by ozone productions, the party is set to be "the worst ever", with the lamest music from the 60s, 70s and 80s. Special prizes will be awarded to the worst dressed or for bad fashion sense.Tickets: Free entranceTime/date: 9 pm, April 1Place: Pula Pula, Tianze Lu, Oriental Seven Colours Plaza, Chaoyang District Tel: 64668575La Nuit FrancaiseAgain on the 2nd Thursday of the month La Nuit Francaise will be held at Le Rendezvous. The monthly event is an opportunity for all French people and everyone interested in France or speaking French to gather together.The evening features three glasses of wine and canapes for participants and a special exhibition.Time/date: 7 to 10 pm, April 14Place: Le Rendezvous, 3 Gongti Beilu, accross from the Pacific Century Plaza, Chaoyang District Tel: 64629110Marco VDutch DJ Marco V drops by Banana for a gig which is supported by Hong Kong’s DJ Spark.Marco V has been around for many years, as an inventive, style blending deejay and a successful and devoted producer. His spinning is energetic, crowd pleasing and never sees an empty dance floor. He was ranked No. 15 in this year’s international DJ MAG DJ Top100.Tickets: 40 yuan (US$4.80) in advance, 50 yuan (US$6) at the door, both include a free drinkTime/date: 10 pm to 4 am, March 31, April 1Place: Banana, in the lobby of the Scitech Hotel, 22 Jianwai Dajie, Chaoyang DistrictTel: 6528363621. Which of the following is NOT true of Ad. 1 and Ad. 3?A. The two parties will be held on the same day.B. The two parties will be held at the same time.C. The entrance fees of the two parties will not be charged.D. Some old music will be played at the parties.22. Which of the following is intended for the Chinese learners?A. Marco V.B. La Nuit Francaise.C. Language in use.D. The "worst" party.23. We can infer that______.A. Marco V is a newly established bandB. La Nuit Francaise may be French wordsC. the "worst" party will attract a lot of college studentsD. you will enjoy free drink at April fool’s partyBOne night I received a Facebook message from Laura, a former classmate. “Hey Steve,” she said, “I know you’ve always been an animal lover. I’ve just had a baby and I can’t keep my mini pig.”Being fond of animals, I knew I wanted the pig. I just had to figure out how to make it happen. I lived in a two-bedroom single-level house inGeorgetwon, Ontario. It’s tough to bring a pig back to the house I share with two dogs, two cats, and my lifelong partner.But I was not letting that pig go. So I told Laura I’d take the animal. When I got home with the pig, I hid her in the bedroom, and began to prepare a dinner for Alisha —her favourite bacon cheeseburgers. It’s better to make her happy before introducing the new member to her.When I led her to the bedroom and showed her the surprise, Alisha stood in the doorway like a statue. It took her a few seconds to know what I had done. She complained about my unreasonable action. She insisted there was no more room in the house.I knew I was wrong, but I hoped I could smooth things over. Soon enough, the lovely pig did the smoothing for me. Never had we felt such joy as she brought to us. We got her a name “Esther”.Esther’s arrival changed our lives. A few weeks later, we decided to stop eating bacon. We figured it was our turn to try to change the world for other animals. A few months later, we moved to a farm where we cared for abandoned animals — so far, six rabbits, six goats, two sheep, one horse, three cows and three chickens.24. Who does the underlined phrase “my lifelong partner” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Laura.B. Steve.C. Alisha.D. Esther.25. Why did the author cook Alisha a meal?A. To please her to accept the pig.B. To make an apology to her.C. To celebrate Esther’s arrival.D. To show off his cooking skills.26. What was Alisha’s reaction the moment she saw Esther?A. She burst into tears.B. She showed interest in her.C. She quarreled with Steve.D. She was frozen for a while.27. What is the best title for the text?A. A Small Pig Making a Big DifferenceB. An Abandoned Pig Finding a Warm HomeC. A Little Pig Bringing Happiness to a FamilyD. A Lovely Pig Removing a Couple’s DisagreementCFabien Cousteau was born with deep love for the ocean. His grandfather and his father were ocean explorers and documentary filmmakers. Fabien spent his early years on his grandfather's ships. Today, Fabien follows in his family's footsteps to protect the planet's endangered ocean life. With his vast knowledge and experience, he tries to strike a balance between environmental problems and market economies.Fabien is well known for his study of sharks. During 2000-2002, he created a TV special called Attack of the Mystery Shark based on the shark attacks that occurred along the New Jersey shoreline in the summer of 1916.Then in 2020, with the help of a large crew, Fabien created a shark submarine (潜艇) that enabled him to put himself inside the shark world, providing people with a rare view of the mysterious and often misunderstood creatures.For the next four years (2020), Fabien was part of a series called, Ocean Adventures, which offered a rare look into some of the most fantastic ocean species (物种) and environments.In 2020, Fabien started Plant A Fish, a nonprofit project for children to help restore local water ecosystems by replanting key ocean species. Save the world, one fish at a time. The project is still in progress now and its final goal is to plant 1 billion “fish” worldwide.From June 1 to July 2, 2020, Fabien and his team spent 31 days underwater to research how climate change and pollution are affecting the oceans. Fabien's Mission 31 broke new ground by going deeper, longer and further, exposing (显露) the world to the adventure and the mystique (神秘) of what lies beneath.Fabien is currently working on a documentary film about the adventures of Mission 31, as well as building an Ocean Learning Center to provide children around the world with the opportunity to learn about oceans and engage with ocean explorers directly through social media.28.What is Not Fabien’s job?A. Ocean explorerB. Documentary filmmakerC. EnvironmentalistD. Media manager29. How is Paragraph 2 developed?A. By providing facts.B. By offering analyses.C. By making comparisons.D. By drawing conclusions.30. We can learn from the text that ________.A. Fabien's “Plant A Fish” project has already achieved its final goalB. Fabien's Mission 31 broke the records of former ocean explorationsC. Fabien's TV special about sharks is based on his childhood experiencesD. It took Fabien four years to produce Ocean Adventures all on his own31. In which part of a website can we read the text?A. Modern Technology.B. Space Exploration.C. Outstanding Figures.D. Fantastic Wildlife.DOver the years, cheerleading has taken two primary forms: game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading. Game-time cheerleaders’ main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers, which should not be considered a sport. However, competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment. It is really a competitive sport.Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity. The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling (翻腾) ability. It’s a verycommon thing for gymnasts, so it’s easy for them to go into competitive cheerleading. Usually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling, and overall energy. They also perform lifts and throws. This is where the “fliers” are thrown in the air, held by “bases” in different positions that require strength and working with other teammates.Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared. It is awarded points for technique, creativity and sharpness. Usually the more difficult the action is, the better th e score is. That’s why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance.Besides, there is also a strict rule of time. The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds, during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area. Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries. According to some research, competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women. Emergency room visits for it are five times the number than for any other sport, partially because cheerleaders don’t use protective equipment. Smiling cheerleaders are thrown into the air andmove down into the arms of the teammates, which may easily cause injuries. Generally, these injuries affect all areas of the body, including wrists, shoulders, ankles, head, and neck.There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills. Hopefully, it will appear in the Olympics since cheerleaders are just as athletic and physically fit as those involved in the more accepted sports. It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down. So without working together to achieve the goal, first place is out of reach.32. What is the main purpose of competitive cheerleading?A. To compare skills of participants.B. To make the audience feel amused.C. To attract more people to watch events.D. To cheer up the competitors on the court.33. The underlined word “integrate” in Paragraph 2 probably means “______”.A. examineB. combineC. identifyD. replace34. We can learn from the passage that competitive cheerleading ______.A. lacks necessary guidelines to followB. enjoys greater popularity than other sportsC. requires more designed actions than gymnasticsD. has a relatively high rate of damage to the body35. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: ConclusionA B C D第二节(共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。