宁夏银川一中高三期中考试
2020-2021学年宁夏银川一中高三英语期中考试试题及答案
2020-2021学年宁夏银川一中高三英语期中考试试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThank you. It’s my great honor to be given this award.You cannot imagine that I have always been a late starter. Years ago, when I was 16, I took an important exam — GCE(General Certificate of Education), which turned out to be a failure. My dad was reading my report card and saw that my position in class was 29th, but the number in class was 29. It meant that I had achieved the distinction of being bottom of my class.I wasn’t lazy, and I was really trying. You can picture how I felt. Dad put his hand on my shoulder and said, “You can only do the best you can, but whatever you decide to do, make sure you love it.” He was a really sweet guy and a great man. I knew his attempt to hide his disappointment with some of his encouraging words. I was depressed for a week, but his advice was a wake-up call.Fortunately I love working with my hands, and I was good at two things: woodwork and art, and I really loved to draw and paint. I was quite talented. Dad strongly encouraged me to go to art school, which in those days wasn’t the obvious place that a father would suggest.So I got into Hartlepool College of Art. The college was a revelation (出乎意料), the passionate teachers there, who were extremely interested in the students, not just tolerating them but actually engaging with them. It was a world apart from my schooling until then. It’s extraordinary what an enthusiastic teacher can do, drawing the student out, lighting independence, and encouraging a design of your own future, rather than waiting for something to happen. I’m honored to have become one of these passionate teachers years later.My teachers inspired me, and thanks to my dad, here I am tonight. I think I should mention all the talents I have worked with over time, and to my kids and my wife Giannina, thank you.Thank you for this great award. I shall find a very special place for it.1. How did the author feel after taking GCE?A. Happy.B. Upset.C. Tired.D. Relieved.2. What didHartlepoolCollege of Art impress the author most?A. The teachers were strict with students.B. The students set good examples for each other.C. The teachers inspired students’ passion for learning.D. The students got prepared for their lessons independently.3. The author gave this speech to ________.A. share his career choiceB. explain his teaching methodsC. describe his life experienceD. show his appreciationBHumans have found an easy way to tell if others are lying. Recent research shows that the best way so far is being clever at how you ask questions and listen to the answers.Much of this research is based on the idea that telling a lie is simply harder mental work than telling the truth. Making up a story takes more effort than simply recording something that happened. And like a writer, a liar has to keep all the unreal details in his memory and sound believable when he explains them.One method that seems to work is asking them to tell their story in reverse order. This is harder when the story isn't true and makes it easier for you to tell they are lying. An even more basic way that helps is to just ask more questions, especially unexpected ones. Truth-tellers can easily find more to say, but it's a challenge for a liar to come up with something that's not in his prepared story.Researchers suggest that you shouldn't lay all your cards on the table at the start, but only gradually present what proof you have. The liars' stories may not agree with that proof, making it clear that they're lying.So it looks like there are ways to increase the chances of catching a liar; we've just been basing our methods on the wrong stories. Low-tech ways of causing people to make mistakes in conversation seem to work better than any science about eye movement or machines used to recognize a liar. To find a liar, watch less and listen more.4. Why does the author mention the writer?A. To show it's hard to make up lies.B. To show it's hard to recognise a liar.C. To show writers know liars best.D. To show writers are very clever.5. What do we know about liars?A. They often have much to say.B. They often ask many questions.C. They usually prepare a made-up story.D. They usually feel good about themselves.6. What advice is given to help people catch liars?A. Asking them to set their stories down.B. Presenting your proof one by one.C. Telling different stories to them.D. Letting them ask questions.7. Which can be the best title for the text?A. Why People LieB. How to Stop People LyingC. Low-tech Ways to Find a LiarD. LiarsAre Smarter than ThoughtCAn unmanned Chinese spacecraft left the earth on a trip to the planet Mars on Thursday. The launch（发射）marks the start of one of China's most important space explorations. China's national space agency launched the spacecraft called Tianwen-1 fromthe Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Center on Hainan Island.The name Tianwen means “Questions to Heaven” in Chinese. The spacecraft took off on China's largest carrier rocket, the Long March 5, and about 36 minutes later, the spacecraft, including an orbiter（轨道飞行器）and a rover（漫游车），was sent into the Earth-Mars orbit. It is expected to reach the orbit of the red planet next February. Tianwen-1 will finish three scientific goals—orbiting the red planet, landing on the Mars and sending a rover to the landing site.Tianwen-1 carries several scientific instruments to observe the planet's atmosphere and surface. It will do a series of scientific researches on the planet's soil, geological structure, environment, atmosphere and water. Besides its daily work of exploring the surface of Mars for 90 days, it will also report back to the earth about its experiences on the red planet, which is millions of miles away. According to experts, discovering signs of life will be its first and most important scientific goal.Tianwen-1's successful landing will make China the second nation to place a spacecraft on Mars. The United States has landed eight vehicles on Mars since 1976. China will be the first to successfully orbit, land and place a vehicle in the same mission. This is China's first independent mission to Mars. The task in 2011 failed when a Russian rocket carrying a Chinese orbiter had problems after launch, and was unable to escape the Earth orbit. Last year, China's Chang e-4 spacecraft became the first to make a landing on the far side of the moon.8. When will Tianwen-1 enter the orbit of Mars?A. 36 minutes later.B. Next Thursday.C. In 90 days.D. Next February.9. What is the main task of Tianwen-1 according to experts?A. Orbiting the Mars.B. Landing on the Mars.C. Discovering signs of life.D. Sending a rover to the landing site.10. Which of the following statements is mentioned in the text?A. Tianwen-1 is the second vehicle landed on the Mars.B. The United States is the first to land vehicles on the Mars.C. Russia helped China place Tianwen-1 on the Mars.D. Chang，e-4 was the first to make a landing on the moon.11. Where can you find this article?A. In a newspaper.B. In a diary.C. In a sci-fi novel.D. In a guide book.DI don’t want to talk about being a woman scientistagain. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated (controlled) by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space, time and the nature of black holes.At 19, when I began studying astrophysics (天体物理学), it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement — jobs, research papers, awards — was viewed through the lens (镜片) of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations (挑衅): I don’t talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45.I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.12. Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?A. She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination (歧视).B. She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.C. She is not good at telling stories of the kind.D. She finds space research more important.13. From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute (把……归因于) the author’s failures to ________.A. the burden she bears in a male-dominated societyB. her involvement in gender politicsC. her over-confidence as a female astrophysicistD. the very fact that she is a woman14. What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research?A. Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.B. Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.C. People’s fixed attitude toward female scientists.D. Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurtured.15. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?A. Women students needn’t have the concerns of her generation.B. Women can balance a career in science and having a family.C. Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.D. Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年宁夏银川一中高三语文上学期期中试题及答案解析
2020-2021学年宁夏银川一中高三语文上学期期中试题及答案解析一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的作品，完成下面小题。
旧书李琬①大概半年了吧，我不再去过那家古旧书店。
它是否依旧安好?不得而知。
②酒香不怕巷子深。
那爿小小的书店，盘踞于一个地势低洼、路径偏僻的小区。
一开始是去它附近的新华书店，顺便下到这个书店望望。
后来，便是只去这家旧书店了。
它给我最大的记忆，不过是两朵橘黄色的灯光，斜斜地投在这个城市疲惫的罅隙里面，把那些满面尘土的读物和画作，映照得无比令人渴望。
我从它那里真正买下的，不过是一本《秋海棠》、两本《西藏擦擦艺术》的小画册。
③其实在发现这家书店之前，我就目睹了一家古旧书店的短寿。
那家书店原本开在我生活的大院里，主要卖一些五十年到八十年代出版的外国著作。
一本《藏族民间故事》引逗出我许多古拙的知觉。
几个月之后那书店就永远地消失了。
正因为此，我才暗暗祈求那家生存下来的古旧书店免于无声的坍圮。
④我惊异于旧书和旧书拥有者之间的缘分。
⑤幼年读书的时光里，身边的旧书并不少。
但给我印象最深的还是《香妃》。
那大概是十来岁的时候，我到父亲的老同学家中做客。
父亲和老同学酒酣眼热，我一人钻进书房乱翻一气。
结果我被淡淡的霉味蛊惑了。
我找到了抽屉里的一本《香妃》。
书皮破败，纸页油腻。
我坐在床单褪色的小床上，窗外是萧森的树影，捧着书我忘记了时间。
我并不记得具体的内容，只记得仿佛香妃的剪下来的辫子那么干枯，这个辫子干枯的女人真的很神秘。
那个下午，那个逼仄破旧的房间，让我魂牵梦萦了很多年。
⑥或许正是从那时开始，我发现了旧书和新书的不同。
⑦后来的那本《秋海棠》有着碧绿色的封皮，柔软光洁，当属旧书堆里的罕物。
封面绘着一朵秀雅的海棠花。
让我感叹不已的是，扉页上红色小篆的“骆志培藏书”印记，还有空白页中的签字章“骆志培”。
我突入了这个藏书者的阅读史。
我不得不承认，得以窥看另一个读书者的心灵给了我别样的快意。
2021年宁夏银川一中高三语文下学期期中考试试题及答案解析
2021年宁夏银川一中高三语文下学期期中考试试题及答案解析一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成各题。
材料一：中国美学的核心概念不是美而是意境，这一点已经成为中外学者的共识。
那么，什么是意境？从中国美学史来看，意境与意象、象等概念相关。
在《易传》中，象是与形对照起来界定的：“在天成象，在地成形”“见乃谓之象，形乃谓之器”。
象与形相比，有虚与实、动与静的区别。
象比形更虚灵，更生动。
象还有另外一个用法，类似于现代汉语中的“想象”。
《韩非子·解老》中对象做了这样的解释：“人希见生象也，而得死象之骨，案其图以想其生也。
故诸人之所以意想者，皆谓之象也。
”比较起来说，眼见的形为实，意想的象为虚。
正因为想象的介入，象变得更加虚灵、生动和非现实。
顺着这个思路，可以说意象比形象更虚灵、更生动。
正因为如此，意象专指诗歌和绘画等艺术形式所创造的审美对象，它可以是虚构的、想象的，总之，是非现实的。
形象多指现实中的事物的形状。
形象可以是审美欣赏的对象，从而转化为意象。
比如，在文学形象这种说法中，形象就是审美对象，可以包含虚构和想象的成分。
不过，形象也可以是非审美活动的对象。
比如，在测量活动中，形象就表现为客观的形状。
意象是审美对象，也是艺术创造的目标。
通过意象，我们可以将审美与非审美、艺术与非艺术区别开来。
既然意象已经将审美和艺术从其他人类活动中区别开来，为什么还需要意境？究竟什么是意境？尽管境与象关系紧密，但它与象不同。
中国传统美学中，有“境生于象外”“象外之象”等说法。
由此可见，境不是个别的象，而是个别的象的放大或延伸，是不能对象化的境域或者意境。
意境不是对象，不能与意象相对，因为意象始终是在意境之中存在，不能越出意境而存在。
从这种意义上说，意境比意象要大。
意境不仅大于意象，而且高于意象。
与具体的意象相比，非对象化的意境更加抽象和虚灵。
正是在这种意义上，意境也有境界的意思。
有意境就意味着境界更高，更有形而上的意味。
2024年宁夏银川市第一中学高三物理第一学期期中质量检测试题含解析
2024年宁夏银川市第一中学高三物理第一学期期中质量检测试题注意事项:1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。
2．答题时请按要求用笔。
3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5．保持卡面清洁，不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
一、单项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、在物理学发展过程中，许多物理学家做出了贡献，他们的科学发现和所采用的科学方法推动了人类社会的进步，以下说法正确的是（ ）A ．牛顿利用轻重不同的物体捆绑在一起后下落与单个物体分别下落时快慢的比较推理，推翻了亚里士多德重的物体下落快、轻的物体下落慢的结论B ．元电荷e 的数值为161.610C -⨯，最早由法国物理学家汤姆逊通过实验测量得出 C ．卡文迪许用扭秤实验，测出了万有引力常量，这使用了微小作用放大法D ．开普勒利用行星运动的规律，并通过“月-地检验”，得出了万有引力定律 2、质量为m = 2kg 的物体沿水平面向右做直线运动，t = 0时刻受到一个水平向左的恒力F ，如图甲所示，此后物体的v − t 图像如图乙所示，取水平向右为正方向，g = 10m/s 2，则（ ）A ．物体与水平面间的动摩擦因数为μ = 0.5B ．10s 末恒力F 的功率为6 WC ．10s 末物体恰好回到计时起点位置D ．10s 内物体克服摩擦力做功34 J3、电梯天花板上固定一弹簧测力计，测力计下挂一重物。
电梯静止时，测力计读数为50N 。
若电梯向下运动时，测力计读数恒为55N ，则电梯做A．匀速运动B．匀加速运动C．匀减速运动D．变加速运动4、如图所示，拖拉机后轮的半径是前轮半径的两倍，A和B是前轮和后轮边缘上的点，若车行进时车轮没有打滑，则（）A．A点和B点的线速度大小之比为1∶2B．前轮和后轮的角速度之比为2∶1C．前轮和后轮的周期之比为1：1D．A点和B点的向心加速度大小之比为1∶25、如图所示，质量相等的两个物体，沿着倾角分别为α和β（）的两个光滑固定斜面，由静止开始从斜面顶端滑下，到达斜面底端，两个斜面高度相同。
2024学年宁夏银川市兴庆区银川一中物理高三第一学期期中教学质量检测模拟试题含解析
2024学年宁夏银川市兴庆区银川一中物理高三第一学期期中教学质量检测模拟试题注意事项:1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。
2．答题时请按要求用笔。
3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5．保持卡面清洁，不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
一、单项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、如图所示，x轴上相距L的两个点电荷Q1、Q2分别固定在M、N两点，Q1和Q2之间连线上各点电势高,如图曲线所示，已知取无穷远处电势为零，从图中可以判定A．Q1电量大于Q2电量B．Q1和Q2连线上由M到N,电势先降低后升高C．正检验电荷q沿x轴从M点移到N点的过程中，其电势能先减少后增加D．只在电场力作用下，正检验电荷q沿x轴从M点移到N点的过程中，其加速度先减小后增大2、下列说法正确的是( )A．牛顿发现了万有引力定律，总结出了行星运动的规律B．开普勒在天文观测数据的基础上，总结出了行星运动的规律C．开普勒总结出了行星运动的规律，找出了行星按照这些规律运动的原因D．牛顿发现了万有引力定律，并测出了引力常量3、下列说法正确的是A．热量不可能从低温物体传到高温物体B．热量不可能自发地从低温物体传到高温物体C．自然界中的一切宏观过程都是具有可逆性的D．第二类永动机不违背能量守恒定律，可以制成4、如图所示，小芳在体重计上完成下蹲动作，下列F-t图像能反应体重计示数随时间变化的是A．B．C．D．5、如图所示，在竖直平面内有一曲面，曲面方程为y=x2，在y轴上有一点P，坐标为(0，9m)。
从P点将一小球水平抛出，初速度为2m/s，若不计空气阻力，g取10m/s2，则小球第一次打在曲面上的位置为（）A．(3m，3m) B．(2m，4m) C．(1m，1m) D．(0.5m，0.25m) 6、如图所示，质量相等的两个工件a、b，截面为梯形，靠在一起置于水平面上，它们相互接触的侧面与水平面的夹角为 ．已知a、b间相接触的侧面是光滑的，现给a施加一个水平推力F，使两工件一起向右匀速运动．以下说法正确的是（）A ．工件a 对地面的压力小于工件b 对地面的压力B ．工件a 对地面的压力等于工件b 对地面的压力C ．工件a 受到的摩擦力等于工件b 受到的摩擦力D ．工件a 受到的摩擦力大于工件b 受到的摩擦力二、多项选择题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。
宁夏回族自治区银川一中2024学年高三物理第一学期期中学业质量监测试题含解析
宁夏回族自治区银川一中2024学年高三物理第一学期期中学业质量监测试题考生请注意：1．答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内，不得在试卷上作任何标记。
2．第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后，需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内，第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。
3．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、单项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、我国国家大剧院外部呈椭球型，将国家大剧院的屋顶近似为半球形，一警卫人员为执行特殊任务，必须冒险在半球形屋顶上向上缓慢爬行(如图所示)，他在向上爬的过程中（ ）A ．屋顶对他的支持力变大B ．屋顶对他的支持力变小C ．屋顶对他的摩擦力变大D ．屋顶对他的摩擦力大小不变2、下列说法正确的是A ．第一宇宙速度是人造卫星在空中环绕地球做匀速圆周运动的最小速度B ．只要发射速度大于第一宇宙速度，人造卫星就将在高空沿圆轨道绕地球运行C ．如果需要，地球同步通讯卫星可以定点在地球上空任何一点D ．人造卫星的轨道可以是圆的也可以是椭圆的3、在水下潜水器某次海试活动中，完成任务后从海底竖直上浮，从上浮速度为v 时开始计时，此后匀减速上浮，经过时间t 上浮到海面， 速度恰好减为零，则蛟龙号在0t （0t t <）时刻距离海平面的深度为A ．2vtB ．00(1)2t vt t -C ．22121122a t vt a t =-D ．20()2v t t t- 4、如图所示，某质点以A 点为起点开始做匀变速直线运动，从A 点运动到B 点用时2s ，再经过6s 运动到C 点，第10s 末到达D 点．已知AB ＝8m 、CD ＝24m ，则该质点的初速度v0和加速度a分别为( )A．3m/s、4m/s2B．0、1m/s2C．0、4m/s2D．3m/s、1m/s25、如图所示，在某次排球比赛中，一运动员将排球从A点水平击出，排球击中D点：另一运动员将该排球从位于A点正下方且与D点等高的B点斜向上击出，最高点为C，排球也击中D点，A、C高度相同。
2021届宁夏银川一中高三语文期中考试试题及答案
2021届宁夏银川一中高三语文期中考试试题及答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
抗生素类药物曾是人类对抗诸多疾病的一个“秘密武器”，19世纪末20世纪初，由于一系列抗生素的发现，人类寿命得以大大延长。
但还不到一百年，由于细菌对抗生素耐药性的不断增强，抗生素逐渐走下了“神坛”，甚至成为未来医疗卫生领域的一个重大挑战。
抗生素的效力正在普遍下降，其原因是对抗生素具有耐药性的细菌正在迅速扩散，具有耐药能力的细菌未被某种抗生素杀死，之后便不再受制约，甚至将其耐药性传给其他种类细菌。
欧盟一位官员表示，由于对抗生素产生了耐药性，一些常见的病原体正在变成所谓的“超级细菌”。
一旦抗生素失效，我们的生活中就将充满危险——轻微的擦伤都有可能带来死亡，轻微的耳部感染可能就会引起耳聋。
抗生素的耐药性问题，已越来越成为困扰世界各国的一个难题。
世界卫生组织曾发布一份报告称，到2050年，由于细菌对抗生素产生耐药性，每年会导致1000万人丧生，相当于每3秒钟就有1人失去生命，危害将超过癌症。
同时最令人担心的是，这种危害性正逐年攀升。
比如治疗大肠杆菌，一般使用普通抗生素即可见效，但近几年多个国家报告部分患者即使使用最强效的抗生素也无济于事。
目前在全球范围内，每年有约70万人死于各种耐药菌感染，23万新生儿因此夭折。
但目前针对细菌对抗生素产生耐药性而进行的新药研发很难跟上耐药性产生的速度。
世界卫生组织2017年9月发布的一份报告指出，目前新抗生素的研发严重不足，难以应对日益增长的抗生素耐药性威胁。
报告警告说，全球抗生素正濒临枯竭。
这项报告认为，抗生素耐药性的问题已严重危害现代医学的进展，目前急需加大对抗生素耐药感染研究与开发的投资，否则世界将被迫回到因常见感染而导致小手术致人死亡的年代。
世界卫生组织强调，制药公司和研究人员必须立即关注能治疗某些可在几天内导致患者死亡的严重感染的新抗生素。
2020届宁夏银川一中高三英语下学期期中试卷及参考答案
2020届宁夏银川一中高三英语下学期期中试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFour Best Cities to Visit in WinterCold rains, icy sidewalks and gray skies can make winter travel a trial. But here are four cities around the world that make for a great cold-weather destination:Prague,Czech RepublicWith its snow-capped spires and winding streets,Pragueis a fairytale city that remains ly tourist-free in winter.The amazing architecture looks even prettier under a sheet of snow, with one of the most beautiful areas being the old town, with its Romanesque vaults. Gas street lamps have been placed throughout the city center, adding a romantic color1 to evenings. Cafes here are ideal for escaping the bitter cold.Salzburg,AustriaWith its Christmas songs and traditional markets, this is a perfect city for a winter break. “Silent Night” was performed for the first time in thechurchofOberndorfon the border ofSalzburgon Christmas Eve in 1818.The city's main market is held in the shadow ofSalzburg'sHohensalzburgCastle, but the one held inMirabell Squareis especially popular with food lovers who come to taste local food such as halusky—pieces of dumpling mixed with fried bacon.Tromso,NorwayTromso is widely regarded asNorway's most beautiful city and is a base for spoiling the northern lights. There are several attractive museums, including thePolarMuseum, which offers an insight into the history of Arctic expeditions, and theTromsoMuseum, which is famous for its Sami exhibitions.Amsterdam,NetherlandsIn winter,Amsterdam' s museums are much less crowded, making it the time to visit attractions such as Rijksmuseum or the Anne Frank House. Built originally to house a circus, the Royal Carre Theater is more than 130 years old. Children will love the spectacular performances.1. What can you do inPrague?A. Enjoy the fascinating architecture.B. Taste local food halusky.C. Appreciate Sami exhibitions.D. Watch a circus performance.2. Where was “Silent Night” first performed?A. In thechurchofOberndorf.B. InHohensalzburgCastle.C. InMirabell Square.D. In the Polar Museum.3. Which city will you choose if you want to see the northern lights?A. Prague.B. Salzburg.C. Tromso.D.Amsterdam.BDoctors are known to be terrible pilots. They don’t listen because they already know it all, I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn’t realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As 1 flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness sand said, we need to put the landing gear down now! That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn’t overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I’m in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from landing gear up.4. What does the author say about doctors in general?A. They like flying by themselves.B. They are quick learners of CRM.C. They pretend to be good pilots.D. They are unwilling to take advice.5. The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when .A. his boss landed the plane too lateB. he was in charge of a flying taskC. he saved the plane by speaking upD. his boss operated on a patient6. In the last paragraph landing gear up probably means .A. following flying requirementsB. making a mistake that may cost livesC. listening to what fellow doctors sayD. overreacting to different opinions7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. CRM: A New Way to Make Flying SafeB. A Pilot-Turned DoctorC. The Making of a Good PilotD. Flying Makes Me a Better DoctorCThere is an old Chinese proverb that states “One generation plants the trees; another gets the shade,” and this is how it should be with mothers and daughters. The relationship between a mother and a daughter is sometimes confusing. The relationship can be similar to friendship. However, the mother and daughter relationship has unique characteristics that distinguish it from a friendship. These characteristics include responsibilities and unconditional love, whichprecludemothers and daughters from being best friends.Marina, 27 years old, said, “I love spending time with my mom, but I wouldn’t consider her my best friend. Best friends don’t pay for your wedding. Best friends don’t remind you how they carried you in their body and gave you life! Best friends don’t tell you how wise they are because they have been alive at least 20 years longer than you.” This doesn’t mean that the mother and daughter relationship can’t be very close and satisfying. This generation of mothers and adult daughters has a lot in common, which increases the likelihood of shared companionship. Mothers and daughters have always shared the common experience of being homemakers, responsible for maintaining(保持) and passing on family values and traditions. Today contemporary mothers and daughters also share the experience of work and technology, which may bring them even closer together.Best friends may ormay not continue to be best friends, but for better or worse; the mother and daughter relationship is permanent, even if for some unfortunate reason they aren’t speaking. Sometimes this is not an equal relationship. Daughters don’t always feel responsible for their mother’s emotional well-being. But mothers never stop being mothers, which includes frequently wanting to protect their daughters and often feeling responsible for their happiness. The mother and daughter relationship is a relationship that is not replaceable byany other. Mothers always “trump(胜过)” friends.8. What does the underlined word “preclude” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. differ.B. benefit.C. prevent.D. change.9. What can we learn from what Marina said?A. Best friends will not spend money on her wedding.B. Best friends will not remind her of important issues in life.C. Her mother is wiser on account of her age.D. Her mother is definitely not her best friend.10. Why can a mother and a daughter build a even closer relationship today?A. Because they share advanced technology with each other.B. Because they work together to support the whole family.C. Because they experience the same values and traditions.D. Because they have common experience in life and work.11. What is the text mainly about?A. How to build a good mother and daughter relationship.B. A mother-daughter relationship is irreplaceable.C. Mothers want to be daughters’ friends.D. A daughter is a mother’s best friend.DIn 1990, Hal Donaldson was 23 years old, fresh out of college and found himself in Calcutta, India, where he was asked to interview Mother Teresa.Donaldson says about the great woman famed for feeding the hungry, “She wasn't wearing shoes and her ankles were swollen. She sat down with me and was very polite.” After the interview, Mother Teresa asked him, “What are you doing to help the poor?” Donaldson admitted that he was young and wasn't focused on helping others. With a smile on her face, Mother Teresa said, “Everyone can do something.”Those words deeply struck Donaldson and forced him to face some hard truths about himself.Hal Donaldson grew up in the San Francisco Bay area. When he was 12 years old, his parents were hit by a drunk driver; his father died, and his mother was seriously injured. To make ends meet, they went on welfare. Donaldson says, “I had holes in my shoes and clothes. When you're teased at school for that, you just want to escape.”He managed to do just that. Donaldson got into college and turned his focus to making money for himself He says, “I was just trying to find my way out of insignificance. However, it's easy to overlook others along the way. I was the guy that would see a homeless person and cross the street, so I didn'thave to confront (面对) him. My focus was on climbing to the top instead of helping those trying to climb with me.”Donaldson returned home from India with a different thought. He traveled to eight cities in America and stayed on the streets and listened tostories of the homeless. “My heart broke,” he says. “I knew I could no longer just live for myself.”Inspired by Mother Teresa's words and the stories he'd heard across America. Donaldson loaded a pick-up truck with $300 worth of groceries and handed them out to anyone who needed help. In 1994, Donaldson created the nonprofit organization, Convoy for Hope, which works with communities across America and around the world. Their work focuses on feeding children, women's empowerment, helping farmers and disaster services.12. What did 23-year-old Hal Donaldson do in India?A. He attended an interview for a college.B. He fed the hungry with Mother Teresa.C. He interviewed Mother Teresa.D. He did something to help the poor.13. What can we learn about Hal Donaldson from paragraph 4?A. He was born with disability.B. He led a hard life as a child.C. He was well treated at school.D. He survived as a parentless boy.14. How does Hal Donaldson describe himself in college?A. Self-centered.B. Sympathetic.C. Popular.D. Casual.15. How did Hal Donaldson change after he returned home from India?A. He preferred traveling to volunteering.B. He suddenly fell in love with journalism.C. He turned his focus to living for himself.D. He gradually devoted himself to helping others.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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20XX年中学测试中学试题试卷科目：年级：考点：监考老师：日期：2021年宁夏银川一中高三期中考试第Ⅰ卷（阅读70分）甲必考题（40分）一、现代文阅读（10分）阅读下面的文字，完成文后1－3题。
构成知识的必须是真实信息，真实信息是对事物在时空中的结构、状态和变化，事物之间的相互关系和相互作用，事物发生和发展的规律等情况的客观表述。
信息可以传递、复制、扩散而不损耗。
信息是构成有生命物质的基本要素，生物通过遗传信息将自身的性状从一代传向下一代，通过各种感官、神经系统和激素感知和传递信息，协调身体内各器官的活动。
人身体最重要的器官就是集中收集、存贮、传递、分析和调控信息的大脑，它决定人的思维，指挥人的活动，它是生物进化过程中创造的最精细的处理信息的器官，直到现在，大脑的某些功能仍然超出最先进的电脑，但电脑赶超的速度很快，电脑具有更高功能的时期很快将会到来。
生物是通过感觉器官感知外界信息，但它们所获得的通常是局部的、表面的信息，有时是虚假的信息。
去伪存真，去粗取精，由此及彼，由表及里，是获取真实信息、是形成知识的必要方法。
信息在构成社会组织，进行社会活动，形成有序状态，或引发社会各种危机，破坏社会稳定等环节中起重要作用。
国民经济信息化是提高经济整体素质和竞争力的重要关键。
在竞争中，掌握和控制信息至关重要，知己知彼，百战不殆。
制造假信息，破坏敌方信息系统的信息战，已经成为当今主要的作战方式。
信息技术快速发展正在加速经济的发展、加速产业结构调整的步伐和社会的全面变革。
信息技术正在改变政府和企业的管理模式，成为综合竞争力的重要组成部分。
在当今社会中，网络和信息产品已经融入人们的生活方式，信息生产和信息消费的增长将成为经济发展和社会进步的主要动力。
数字化、网络化、智能化、个性化、微型化、移动化、服务化、参与式和交互式是信息技术的发展方向，也是用信息技术改造传统产业、推动经济发展、实现社会信息化的主要方向。
（节选自《新华文摘》20XX年第9期《信息技术的发展趋势及其对社会的影响》一，作者周光召）1．下列对“真实信息”的理解，不符合原文文意的一项是（3分）（）A．真实信息是通过遗传信息传递的、经过大脑分析的生物性状。
B．真实信息是对事物的特点和实质的客观表述。
C．真实信息是形成知识的基础，是人的认识必经的过程。
D．真实信息的获得必须通过大脑的辨别、分析和思考。
2．下列对“信息是构成有生命物质的基本要素”这句话的理解正确的一项是（3分）（）A．只有有生命物质才具有信息，无生命物质不具有信息。
B．有生命物质具有感知和传递信息、协调身体内各器官的活动的能力。
C．生物通过遗传信息将自身的性状从一代传向下一代。
D．信息是一种有生命的物质，可以传递、复制、扩散而不损耗。
3．根据原文所提供的信息，以下推断正确的两项是（4分）（）（）A．大脑是生物进化过程中创造的最精细的处理信息的器官,电脑的功能无法超过大脑。
B．在当今信息技术快速发展的社会中，经济发展和社会进步的动力是信息生产和信息消费的增长。
C．人感知外界的信息后，还必须进行筛选、辨别和思考，才能形成知识，作出正确的决策。
D．要推动经济发展、实现社会信息化，就必须抛弃传统产业的方向，大力发展信息技术。
E．在未来社会中，网络和信息产品融入人们的生活当中，信息生活将成为经济发展和社会进步密不可分的一部分。
二、古代诗文阅读（30分）（一）文言文阅读（18分）阅读下面的文言文，完成4－7题。
秦琼传秦琼字叔宝，齐州历城人，始为隋将来护儿帐内，母丧，护儿遣使襚①吊之。
俄从通守张须陀击贼卢明月下邳，贼众十余万，须陀所统十之一，坚壁未敢进。
粮尽，欲引去。
须陀曰：“贼见兵却，必悉众迫我，得锐士袭其营，且有利，谁为吾行者？”众莫对。
惟叔宝与罗士信奋行。
乃分劲兵千人伏莽间，须陀委营遁，明月悉兵追蹑。
叔宝等驰叩贼营，门闭不得入，乃升楼拔贼旗帜，杀数十人，营中乱，即斩关纳外兵，纵火焚三十余屯。
明月奔还，须陀回击，大破之。
从须陀击李密荥阳。
须陀死，率残兵附裴仁基。
仁基降密，密得叔宝大喜，以为帐内骠骑，待之甚厚。
密与宇文化及战黎阳，中矢堕马，滨死，追兵至，独叔宝捍卫得免。
后归王世充，署龙骧大将军。
与程咬金计曰：“世充多诈，数与下咒誓，乃巫妪，非拨乱主也！”因约俱西走，策其马谢世充曰：“自顾不能奉事，请从此辞。
”贼不敢逼，于是来降。
高祖俾事秦王府，从镇长春宫，拜马军总管。
战美良川，破尉迟敬德，功多，帝赐以黄金瓶，劳曰：“卿不恤妻子而来归我，且又立功，使朕肉可食，英才当割以啖尔，况子女玉帛乎！”寻授秦王右三统军，走宋金刚于介休，拜上柱国。
进封翼国公。
每敌有骁将锐士震耀出入以夸众者，秦王辄命叔宝往取之。
跃马挺枪刺于万众中，莫不如志，以是颇自负。
后稍多疾，尝曰：“吾少长戎马间，历二百余战，数重创，出血且数斛，安得不病乎？”卒，赠徐州都督，陪葬昭陵。
（《新唐书·秦琼传》）【注】①襚：送丧服吊丧4．对下列句子中画线词语的解释，正确的一项是（3分）（）A．粮尽，欲引去（领兵去攻打）B．众莫对（认为不对）C．卿不恤妻子而来归我（丈夫的配偶）D．历二百余战，数重创（身受重伤）5．下列各组句子中，画线的词的意义和用法不相同的一组是（3分）（）A．始为隋将来护儿帐内至唐李渤始访其遗踪B．因约俱西走，策其马谢世充曰私见张良，具告以事，欲呼张良与俱去C．寻授秦王右三统军诏书特下，拜臣郎中，寻蒙国恩，除臣冼马D．吾少长戎马间，历二百余战万里赴戎机，关山度若飞6．下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项是（3分）（）A．秦琼勇武过人，战功赫赫，他所侍奉的主子如来护儿、李密、唐高祖、秦王均对他看重有加。
但王世充却不重用他，他才改投在唐高祖的门下。
B．秦琼是一个义士，当他认识到王世充并不是治平乱世的明主要去投靠唐高祖时，他还冒着危险去向王世充辞行。
C．秦琼英勇善战，每逢敌军有骁将精兵耀武扬威时，秦王总是派他去攻取。
他每战必胜，因此很是自负。
D．秦琼一生戎马倥偬，历经两百余战，累官进爵，多受封赏。
去世后陪葬在皇帝的陵墓旁。
7．翻译问中划线的句子。
（9分）（1）贼众十余万，须陀所统十之一。
（3分）（2）自顾不能奉事，请从此辞。
（3分）（3）跃马挺枪刺于万众中，莫不如志，以是颇自负。
（3分）（二）诗歌阅读（7分）阅读下面一首唐诗，完成8－9题。
早寒有怀［唐］孟浩然木落雁南度，北风江上寒。
我家襄水曲，遥隔楚云端。
乡泪客中尽，归帆天际看。
迷津欲有问，平海夕漫漫。
【注】①时作者漫游在长江下游一带。
②襄水，古属楚国。
9．诗人是如何写出“早寒”的特点的？请结合诗句具体说明。
(3分)10．诗的第二、三联是如何抒发作者的思乡之情的？请作简要赏析。
(4分)（三）名句名篇默写（选一）（5分）10．（1）我闻琵琶已叹息，又闻此语重唧唧。
__________________，___________________！千古江山，英雄无觅孙仲谋处。
________________，___________________________。
春潮带雨晚来急，。
（2）夫夷以近，则游者众；险以远，则至者少。
，，而人之所罕至焉，故非有志者，不能至也。
老当益壮，？穷且益坚，。
星垂平野阔，。
乙选考题（30分）请在以下三、四两大题中任选一大题作答。
不跨大题选做小题。
三、文学类文本阅读（30分）阅读下面的文章，完成11－14题。
高原，我的中国色乔良东亚细亚的腹地，一派空旷辽远，触目惊心的苍黄。
连那条从巴颜喀拉的山岩间夺路而来的大河，也暴烈地流泻着一川黏稠的黄色！这就是高原。
黄土高原。
浑黄的天地间，走来一个黄皮肤的老者。
看不清他的面孔，听不清他的声音，只有那被黄土染成褐色的长髯在被太阳喷成紫色的浮尘中飘拂……老者身后，逶迤着长长、长长一列只在身体的隐秘处裹着兽皮的男人和女人。
一棵巨大的柏树，便在这人群中生下根来。
所有黄皮肤的男人女人和他们的后人，都把这巨树唤作轩辕柏。
它的根须像无数手指抠进黄土，扎向地心，用力合抱住整个儿的高原。
始皇帝横扫六合的战车，汉高祖豪唱大风的猛士，倚在驼峰上西出阳关的商旅，打着呼哨、浑身酒气的成吉思汗的铁骑，和五午年的岁月一道，从这金子样的高原上骄傲地走过去，走过去，直到……暮云垂落下来，低矮的天地尽头，走来一个小小的黑点。
一个军人。
他站在一架冲沟纵横、褶皱斑驳的山梁上。
残阳把他周身涂成一色金黄。
他伸出手臂，出神地欣赏着自己的皮肤。
金黄的晖光从手臂上滑落下去，掉在高原上。
一样的颜色。
他想，我的肤色和高原一样。
豪迈的西风从长空飒然而至。
他的衣襟和裤角同时低唱起暗哑而粗犷的古歌。
刹那间，他获得了人与天地自然，与遥远的初民时代那种无缝无隙的交合。
是一种虚空又充实，疏朗又密集，渺小又雄大的感觉。
他不禁微微一笑。
然而，只一笑，那难以言喻的快感消退了。
渐渐塞满胸壑的，是无边的冷寞，莫名的苍凉。
竟然没有一只飞鸟，竟然没有一丛绿草。
只有我，他想。
我和高原。
于是他又想，这冷漠、这苍凉不仅仅属于我，英才还属于遗落在高原上的千年长史。
畏惧盗寇的商贾们抛离了驼队踩出的丝绸古道。
面对异族的武夫们丢弃了千里烽燧和兵刃甲胃。
一路凄惶，簇拥着玉辇华盖，偏安向丰盈又富庶的南方。
那叫人柔肠寸断的杏花雨呵，竟把炎黄子民们孔武剽悍的魂魄和膂力一并溶化！而历史，却在某个迷茫的黄昏，被埋进深深的黄土。
他感到胸口有一团东西被揪得发疼。
他想喊。
他想站到最高的那架山梁上去，对着苍茫的穹窿嘶喊：难道华夏民族所有的武士，都走进了始皇陵兵马俑的行列？没有风。
没有声息。
高原沉默着。
一块没有精壮和血性汉子的土地是悲哀的。
他想起了他那些戴着立体声耳机、抱着六弦琴横穿斑马线的兄弟们。
他们全都身条瘦长，脸色煞白，像一根根垂在瓜架上的丝瓜。
他们要去参加这一年中的第三百六十七次家庭舞会了吧？他们的迪斯科跳得真好。
他们忧郁的歌声真动人。
但，他们只从银幕上见过高原和黄土。
他们不知道紫外线直射进皮肤和毛孔时的滋味，更不知道那黄土堆成的高原上埋着的古中国。
可那才是中国，那才叫中国。
在病榻上呻吟了八百年，又被人凌辱了二百年的，不是真正的中国。
真正的中国是闪着丝绸之光、敦煌之光、修筑起长城，开凿出运河，创造了道教，融合了佛教，同化了一支支异族入侵者的中国。
真正的中国是一条好汉。
这裸着青筋、露着傲骨的高原也是一条好汉。
他想，我也该是这样的汉子。
他想，有了这样的男子汉，高原，这金子似的高原便不会死去。
因为轩辕柏在这里扎着一根粗大的、深邃的根茎。
这个人，这个军人，就是我。
11．这篇散文中作者设置的“轩辕柏”有什么象征意义？请结合阅读材料简要分析。
（6分）12．“是一种虚实又充实，疏朗又密集，渺小又雄大的感觉。
”作者将褒贬之词同时用来描写这种感觉，这是一种什么样的感觉？“他”为什么会产生这样的感觉？（6分）13．文章结尾说：“这个人，这个军人，就是我。