托福历年真题2001年10月

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2001年10月TOEFL试题

2001定10埖TOEFL編籾Section One: Listening Comprehension1. (A) He¨s disappointed with his interview.(B) He had to cancel his interview.(C) He doesn¨t want to discuss the interview now.(D) He shouldn¨t have applied for the job.2 . (A) Have a cookie.(B) Make cookies with the woman.(C) Give the woman a cookie.(D) Take a cookie for his roommate.3. (A) He felt better an hour ago,(B) His headache should be gone in an hour,(C) He forgot to take the medicine for his headache.(D) His head still hurts.4. (A) She hasn¨t spoken to her friend in a long time.(B) She intends to visit her friend in Texas.(C) She sometimes travels abroad for her job.(D) Her friend has never been to Texas before.5. (A) Meet at the bus stop.(B) Finish their candy bars.(C) Get off the bus at the next stop.(D) Meet in front of the rest rooms.6. (A) He won¨t be able to repair the briefcase.(B) The repair shop is closed until Tuesday.(C) The woman should buy a smaller briefcase.(D) The briefcase will be ready before Tuesday.7. (A) Find out how much work will be required for the class.(B) Take another class instead of creative writing(C) Ask his advisor about the instructor in the Wednesday class.(D) Sign up for the Wednesday class.8. (A) He¨ll take his friends to Florida.(B) He¨s not sure what he¨ll do.(C) He planned his trip a long time ago.(D) He¨d rather not travel during spring break.9. (A) He thinks clothing prices will decrease even further.(B) He¨s going to go shopping soon.(C) He didn¨t know that stores were having sales now.(D) He wants to see what the woman bought.10. (A) She¨s glad the man waited for her.(B) She¨d like to reschedule the meeting.(C) She wasn¨t very late for the meeting.(D) She¨s sorry that she missed the meeting.11. (A) She¨11 play chess with the man this afternoon.(B) She doesn¨t know how to play chess.(C) She¨ll wear a warm jacket to the match.(D) She¨d rather not go out with the man.12. (A) She originally proposed it.(B) She doesn¨t think it¨s a good idea.(C) She¨s quite sure it will take place.(D) Its success depends on the weather.13. (A) Not all of the advertised books were on sale.(B) Some of the books were still packed.(C) The store was too crowded for him to enter.(D) He had to work at the bookstore this morning.14. (A)She¨s not sure she wants to go to the party.(B) She just returned from a visit to the Andersons.(C) She may not be able to give the man aride.(D) The party isn¨t on Friday.15. (A) She¨ll continue to use the Laundromat near the dorms.(B) She recently switched Laundromats.(C) She doesn¨t use the same Laundromat the man uses.(D) The Laundromat near the dorms isn¨t converunent for her.2001定10埖TOEFL編籾。

2001年10月托福考试听力文字

01年10月托福听力文字Part:A1：A. How did your job interview go?B. I don't think I came across as well as I could have.Q. What does the man mean?2：A. Care for may of these cookies? My roommate made them.B. Don't mind if I do.Q. What will the man probably do?3：A. Oh my, you still don't look too good. Didn't you take the pain reliever I gave you'?B. Yeah, an hour ago. Guess I've got a headache that just won't quitQ. What does the man mean?4：A. Owe. You must be sad, what with your best friend taking a job m Texas. It's so far away.B. Yeah, I'm really going to miss her. But at least I have a good reason to visit a new part of the country now.Q. What does the woman imply?5：A. My fingers are sticky from that candy bar. Do you mind if I use the restroom to wash up before we leave?B. Sure, I'll be over at the bus stop.Q. What will the speakers probably do next?6：A. This strap on my briefcase is broken. Do you think you could replace it sir, by next Tuesday?B. Let's see, oh sure that won't be a problem. It won't even take that longQ. What does the man mean?7：A. Sir, my adviser wants me to take the creative writing class that meets on Wednesday, instead of the Monday class because the instructor in the class is supposed to be great. But that' d mean I'd have to spend the whole day on campus every Wednesday.B. Well, but especially in creative writing the instructor can make a big difference in how much you get out of the classQ. What does the woman imply the man should do?8：A. Have you finalized your plans for spring break yet?B. Well, I could visit some friends in Florida, or go to my roommate's home. It's a tough choice. Q. What does the man mean?9：A. This is such a great time to buy winter clothes. So many stores are having sales now and the price reductions are pretty substantial.B. Yeah, It's just what I've been waiting for. There are so many things I need.Q. What does the man imply?10：A. Where have you been? I was just about to give up on you.B. Sorry, my bus was delayed. But I'm glad you were patient, It would have been hard for us to findanother time to meet this week.Q. What does the woman mean?11：A. It's so cold and windy. This would be a good afternoon for a chess match.B. Yeah. I’d love to, the trouble is I'm afraid I never figured out file rules.Q What can be inferred about the woman?12：A. Say remember that proposal for an international festival next spring? Do you think there's any chance it'll ever get off the ground?B. I don t thing it's a question of whether it'll happen. It's just a matter of where it'll be held. Q: What does the woman imply about the international festival?13：A. The bookstore on Center Street is having a sale, They're advertising discounts of up to 70% on a lot of their books.B. Yeah. I was there when they opened this morning. It was so packed I didn't even go inside Q. What does file man mean?14：A. Can you drive me to the Anderson's party Friday night?B. It depends on if I get my car back from the shop.Q. What does the woman imply?15：A. I've been washing my clothes in the same Laundromat you use, the one near the dorms.But I can't stand it that their prices keep going up, I think I might start going to that one over on 2nd Ave.B. Well the one on 2nd might be cheaper. But for me the convenience of having a Laundromat so close to where I live is worth the extra dollar to.Q. What does the woman mean?16：A. I can't believe I can't get a plane ticket for the December holidays. I mean, it's only October.B. Well, you know I wouldn't worry about it too much~ People cancel their reservations all the time. Q. What does the woman imply the man should do?17：A. A bunch of us are going out for pizza.B. Count me out, but have a good time.Q. What does the man mean?18：A. Excuse me, I heard that there were a couple of jobs available in the library. So I'd like to apply for one of them. Can I fill out the application form at home and bring it bake next week?B. Sure, but you should know that we're about to start looking at the applications, and we hope to make some job offers in a few days.Q. What does the woman imply?19：A. I started reading that book you loaned me, but I’m having a tough time keeping up with the main characters. It's hard to remember them allB. Yeah, I know. The first part isn't easy. All I can say is stick with it. Once you get halfway through you won't want to put it down.Q. What does the woman imply?20：A. I’m afraid this is the only room in the hotel we have free at this time Sir, We weren't expecting you.B. Oh, dear. I guess I'll take what I can get. Next mime I'll be sure to call in advance and make a reservation.Q. What can be inferred about the man?21：A.I heard you were thinking of applying for a job as a camp counselorB. Yeah, Do you know if they need anyone at that place where you worked last summer?Q. What does the woman ask the man?22：A. Hey, is Susan on fie debate team? She's wearing a purple shirt today, doesn't everyone on the team wear a purple shin on days when you're having a debate?B. I guess, But other people some times wear purple colored shirts too you know.Q. What does the man mean?23：A. I've been trying to reach you for days, but your line's always busyB. You're lucky. You got me before my roommate came homeQ. What can be inferred about the woman's roommate?24：A. It's not fun being around Debbie and Mike these days. All they do is quarrel.B. I've noticed it too. I wish they would keep their squabbles to themselves.Q. What does the woman want Debbie and Mike to do?25：A, Dr. Jones, I was wondering if you would consider giving me an extension on my paper. I just got back on campus yesterday from hospital.B. Well, under the circumstances I can't see how I can deny your request.Q. What does Dr Jones say he will do?26：A. I know it's only A piece of clothing, but something about wearing a white lab coat makes me feel really, well, professional.B. Yeah, but I think the department should be paying for them, not us.Q. What does the man say about lab coats?27：A. I think I need a new tire. I had to put air in it twice this week.B. That happened to me once. It was just a nail, and they were able to repair it.Q. What does the woman mean?28：A. Say Mary, I've got to fly home for winter break early. I'm actually leaving tomorrow. Do you think you could take notes for me in our American History class on Thursday?B. Oh, Jim. I'm leaving tomorrow too.Q. What does the woman imply?29：A. This dormitory is too boring for me .I wonder if can move to Richardson?B. Are you sure you want to do that? Even you need some sleep.Q. What does the man imply?30：A. I'm going to see the sculpture exhibition at the University Museum next Monday.B. Oh, You mean they've decided to hold it over?Q. What had the man assumed about the exhibition?Part:BQuestions 31-35: Listen to a conversation between a geology professor and ~ student.They are discussing a reading assignment about the ocean floor.A: Dr. Smith. I need to ask you about something in Chapter 12. Well it talks about erosion and the deposit of sediment on the deep sea floor, but I'm confused, ‘cause, well, for that to happen there would have to be some kind of force down there moving the mud or sand or whatever, right. But I thought there weren't any waves or currents that deep in the ocean.B: That's not exactly correct. It's true that deep down on the ocean floor we won't have the same kinds of currents we find in shallower parts. But we do find what we call turbidity currents. This wasn’t in the book but the term came up in class. Do you remember what itmeans?A: Umh, turbidity currents? Oh, yeah! Isn't that when sediment like sand or mud gets stirred up and mixes with water And then this mixer kind of flows through the water around it, right?B: Good!A: Umh, but I thought that only happened in rivers.B: Well, yes. This does occur in rivers, but we see turbidity currents deep in the ocean as well. A: But how do they get started there?B: Earthquakes mostly, when an earthquake occurs under water, it throws up tremendous amounts of mud or sand that becomes suspended in a layer of water near the bottom of the ocean. This layer is so much denser and heavier than other ocean water that if flows right down the slopes o f the ocean floor and gains more and more speed as it moves along. Then it's just like the winds blowing across the desert picking up sand from one place and moving it along and finally dropping it somewhere else. 31：What is the main topic of the discussion?32：What does the professor ask the student to explain?33：How is a turbidity current different from the water around it?34：According to the professor, how do earthquakes cause turbidity currents?35：Why does the professor mention desert winds?Questions 36 - 39: Listen to a conversation about weekend plans.A: Hey Neal, now that the midterms are over a bunch of us are getting away for the weekend to go canoeing. Wanna come along'?B: Well, uhm, it'd be great to get away, but I've never done ii before.A: None of the others have either except for me. I went once last fall. But there'll be an instructor in each canoe the first day.B: I don't know.A: Oh, come on. This is our last chance to take a break before finals. The scenery is beautiful, and if it gets too hot we can dive in whenever we feel like it. The river's really calm this time of the year, no rapids to deal with.B: That's a relief. What would I have to bring?A: Let's see. Tom's bringing food for the Friday night cookout for everyone. And the people who run the trip have tents set up and they supply food and drinks for all day Saturday. On the way back Sunday morning we'll stop somewhere for breakfast. So, you have to bring a bathing suit and a sleeping hag. B: Well, I do love camping and sleeping out. Where is this place?A: Well, it's about an hour and a half to the place where we meet the trip leaders. We leave our car there and they drive us and the canoes upriver to the place where we start canoeing.B: And who's driving us to the meeting place?A: Well, I was hoping we could take your car. Mine's in the shop again.B: Oh, I see. It's not me you want, it's my car.A: Don't be silly. So what would you say?B: Oh, why not!A: Great I'll give you a call when i find out when everyone wants to leave on Friday.36：What is the main reason the woman calls the man?37：What is one thing the man has to bring?38：What does the man say he enjoys doing?39：What does the woman need to talk to the man again?Part:CQuestion 40-42: Listen to a part o f a talk in a business class.In the 18th century French economists protested the excessive regulation of business by the government. Their motto was laisser faire. Laisser faire means let the people do as they choose. In the economic sense, this meant that while the government should be responsible for things like maintaining peace and protecting property fights, it should not interfere with private business. It shouldn't create regulations that might hinder business growth, nor should it be responsible for providing subsidies to help. In other words, governments should take a hand off approach to business. For a while in the United States, laisser faire was a popular doctrine. But things quickly changed. After the Civil War, politicians r arely opposed the government’s generous support of business owners. They were only too glad to support government land grants and loans to railroad owners for example. Their regulations kept tariffs high and that helped protect American industrialists against foreign competition. Ironically in the late 19th century, a lot of people believed that the laisser faire policy was responsible for the countries industrial growth. It was generally assumed that because business owners did not have a lot of external restrictions placed on them by the government, they could pursue their own interests, and this was what made them so successful. But in fact, many of these individuals wouldnot have been able to meet their objectives if not for government support.40：What is the talk mainly about?41：Who first used the motto laisser faire?42：What is the principle idea of the laisser faire policy?Question 43-46: Listen to a talk about enzymes in a biology class.Let's begin today by discussing enzymes. Enzymes are what make many of the body's biochemical reactions possible. Actually biochemical reactions can take place without them, but at much lower rates. In fact an enzyme may cause a reaction to proceed billions of times faster than it would otherwise. Before I go on to the biochemical specifics of how this works, let me provide a figurative example. I think it will help illustrate the power of enzymes more clearly. Now, suppose you got a bag and you put a bunch of locks in it, just small padlocks. Then you put in all the keys that go with the locks. And you closed the bag and shook it hard. No matter how long you shook, chances are very small that any key would get inserted in any of the locks. But if you took them all out of the bag and this time used your hands to insert the keys in the locks, you could combine them much quicker.Enzymes act like your hands, quickly allowing chemical reactions that would otherwise take much longer. Now, there are 2 reasons that enzymes are so effective at enabling biochemical reactions. Firs enzymes greatly reduce the amount of energy required to start the reactions, and with less energy needed the reactions can proceed a lot faster than they, could without the enzyme. The second mason is that on a small amount of an enzyme is needed to enable the biochemical reaction. That's because the chemical structure of the enzyme itself does not become altered as if enables the reaction. So a single enzyme can be used to start the same biochemical reaction over and over again.43：What is the talk mainly about?44：What point does the professor make about an enzyme when it is involved in a biochemical reaction? 45：What do enzymes do to help start a biochemical reaction?46：Why does the professor talk about locks and keys?Question 47-50: Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class;Today I'd like to talk about the sculptor Henry Moore, in particular the ideas his work is based on, and also how he viewed the medium of sculpture. Moore said that to appreciate sculpture a person needs to respond to form in all of it's 3 dimensions. He believed that this is more difficult than responding to art that is done on a flat surface, a surface such as canvas that has only 2 dimension. For example, when you're looking at a painting you don't have to walk around it. You don't relate to form and shape in the same way you do when to shapes in nature such as that of bones and shells and stones. He thought that if you could appreciate the shape of something simple, like a stone that you could go on to appreciate more complex forms. He noticed that many of the stones he picked up had holes in them. One distinctive feature of Moore's sculpture is his use of holes or opening to emphasize that he isindeed working in a 3 dimensional medium. He believed that the shape of a solid mass, and could even help create a sense of mass or volume. Moore was also interested m representing the human figure, which he sculpted in such materials as bronze, stone, and wood. His sculptures of humans contained one person as in the work reclining figure or several people as in the sculpture family group. 47：What is the talk mainly about?48：According to Henry Moore, why is sculpture more difficult to appreciate than other forms of art? 49：Why does the professor mention bones and shells?50：What is one well-known feature of Henry Moore's sculptures?。

讲解全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试完整

全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试英语写作试题课程代码：00603（以下括弧中的内容均为补充说明）Ⅰ.Supply the missing paragraph(20 points)The following passage isincomplete with the concluding paragraph(the ending paragraph, the conclusion) missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary (diction) you use are in unity with the passage provided.Manners Are Important As one looks about (around), it becomes very easy to conclude thatgood manners seem to be a thing of the past. More and more people seem （appear）to be discourteous (rude, impolite) to one another, more indicative of a “survival of the fittest” attitude than (indicative) of living in a civilized society. Although much of what was considered good manners at the turn of the last century may no longer be appropriate, common courtesy and acceptable behavior are still necessary to make life pleasant, especially as our cities become more and more (are getting increasingly) crowded. Although common courtesy is the underlying (basic, fundamental) framework, good manners are manifested (shown, presented) in two distinct (obvious, apparent, evident) areas (fields, respects, dimensions), business and social (cf. sociable: infavor of making friends or keeping company with other people) relationships.The world of business (The commercial world,The commercial circles, The business circles) has become increasingly impersonal (indifferent, inhospitable) over the years. The fast development of computers has removed the personal touch (personal affection) from many business dealings. It is not uncommon, when phoning a company, to get a recorded message telling us which number to press. When we finally do get a live person on the other end, he often seems uncaring. Good business sense, though, would dictate (control) the importance of getting back to the personal touch. The speaker should identify himself by name (should tellhis name) to the caller and make every effort (try his best) to be courteous and helpful. Above all, he should take great pains (try his best) to assure the call is not disconnected (connected). In addition, he should make certain (sure) that the caller is connected to his party and not kept waiting long while listening to canned music (recorded music). Good manners will assure happy, loyal customers.Good manners are, perhaps, most frequently associated with social relationships. Unfortunately, here again they seem to be in decline. Giving up one's seat on a crowded bus to an elderly person, a pregnant woman, or an obviously tired person seems to be a thing of the past. People also seem to have forgotten how to behave as an audience. It is not uncommon to see (Itcan be easily seen anywhere) people putting their feet up on the seats in front of them or talking loudly during a movie or play. Even restaurants are not immune from (are troubled with) the lack of good manners. Young parents do not seem to care that their children are roaming throughout the restaurant or are crying and disturbing the other guests. These examples touch upon (talk about, come down to) only the surface of the rapid decline of good manners.分析：本篇文章是说明文，其层次分为三大部分。

浙江2001年10月高等教育自学考试基础英语试题1

课程代码：00088　〔所有答案，务必写在答题纸上，否则不计成绩〕⼀、单词或短语的英汉互译(共10 分)　1.将下列词语译成中⽂(5 分)　(1)patent (2)violation (3)current assets (4)target audiences (5)bar code 2.将下列词语译成英⽂(5 分)　(6) 统计学的 (7) 税制 (8) 贸易差额　(9) 额定⽣产能⼒ (10) 批量⽣产　⼆、词汇应⽤和语法结构(共30 分)　(⼀)词汇应⽤(15 分)：选择答案完成句⼦。

　1.The police ______ the driver with reckless driving( 鲁莽驾驶).　A.accusedB.blamedC.chargedplained2.Because it was an urgent matter, we took the first ______ train. A.availableB.arrivedC.leftD.applicable3.Being a citizen in a civilized society, one should always take care not to ___crimes, not even minor offences. A.connectmitC. targetD.treat4.Sally is a person who likes nice little things. She will get ______ over a costume jewellery( 服饰珠宝).　A.emotionalB.uninterestingC.readyD.interested5.Everybody knows that man cannot ______ without oxygen. A.interestB.existC.enjoyD.entertain6.It is said that literature can make us understand life better; it helps to ______ life. A.interpretB.graspC.watchD.get7.These colours won’t ______ if exposed( 暴露) to the sun too much.. A.burnB.dropstD.stop8.They don’t buy vegetables in the food market; they ______ their own vegetables.A.riseB.roseC.raisedD.raise9.As General Manager of the ABC Company, he flies from Shanghai to Beijing ______.A.regularB.selectiveC.regularlyD.selectively10.He used to lead an ordinary worker’s life, but within one year of his becoming the factory director, he began to lead a(n) ______ life.　A.poorB.affluentC.domesticD.home11.The firm ___to them for the robbery they had suffered. Each received 10,000 dollars. pensatedB.gaveC.acceptedD.demanded12.According to an Iraqi radio report, an unidentified military plane __ into Iraqi airspace yesterday. A.nearedB.defendedC.intrudedD.escaped13.The whole magazine is produced and edited ______ the pursuit of excellence( 完美).　A.throughB.inC.withD.by14.I went to his home once, but after so many years, I can’t ______ where he lives now. A.recallB.restrictC.remindD.reduceernments in some African countries are very ______; social and political unrests are frequent. A.safeB.unstableC.stableD.safer。

1989-2001年全部托福听力短对话

(A) What she can do to help the man. (B) How long the man has had allergies. (C) What is causing the man's problem. (D) What the man just said.
C
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A: My brother is coming this weekend and I thought three of us could go out to dinner on Saturday (A) He already has plans for Saturday night. night. Any suggestions? (B) The woman should decide where to cat Saturday. B: It's up to you. I don't know the restaurants around here that well. So you’d know a better place to (C) The woman should ask her brother for a suggestion. go than me. (D) He will make a reservation at the restaurant. Q: What does the man mean? (A) She'll drop the man off on the way to work. (B) The man can ride downtown with her. (C) The man will have to leave earlier than usual. (D) She can't give the man a ride. (A) Her backhand is almost perfect. (B) The time the man spent practicing has helped him. (C) The man's mother wanted him to practice. (D) Her mother is a good tennis coach. (A) Her brother was not accepted into law school. (B) She doesn't want to be a criminal lawyer. (C) She has decided not to go to law school. (D) She doesn't plan to work in her brother's law firm. (A) The man will probably receive a scholarship. (B) She can't give the man a ride to the dean's office. (C) She can lend the man a sweater. (D) The man isn't dressed appropriately for the interview. (A) Buy a car from the woman. (B) Help the woman paint her car. (C) Buy a new car. (D) Look for a less expen ride into the office with you tomorrow? B: Another day would be fine. But I’ve got to be downtown for a meeting first thing in the morning. 10 Q: What does the woman imply? A: After two weeks of tennis lessons I think I finally managed to improve my backhand（反手击球）. 11 B: Like my mom always says: "Practice makes perfect." Q: What does the woman mean? A: I just heard about your acceptance into law school. Do you think you will be able to join your brother's firm when you graduate? 12 B: Not likely. He is a tax lawyer and I'm going to major in criminal law. Q: What does the woman imply? A: Could you give me a ride to the dean's office? My interview for the scholarship is in an hour. B: Don't you have anything else to wear other than that sweater? 13 Q: What does the woman imply? A: Well, if you are seriously considering buying a car, I'm trying to get rid of mine. All it needs is new paint. 14 B: Thanks. But most used cars end up being more trouble than they are worth. Q: What will the man probably do?

托福考试01年01

2001年1月TOEFL试题 Section One: Listening Comprehension1. (A) He can have more than four guests athis graduation.(B) His brother isn’t going to graduate this semester.(C) He didn’t know that Jane wanted to be invited.(D) He’s going to invite Jane.2. (A) Listen to the traffic report on the radio(B) Take a later train.(C) Ron to catch the next train.(D) Check the weekend schedule.3. (A) Pelivet the notebook to Kathy.(B) Pind out where Kathy put the notebook.(C) Ask Kathy to explain the chemistrynotes.(D) Ask Kathy for the man’s notebook.4. (A) The walk is shorter than the womanthinks it is.(B) The lecture has already started.(C) They won’t have a problem gettingseats.(D) The lecture may be canceled.5. (A) The woman should have studied Frenchin Paris.(B) He didn’t study French in high school.(C) Living in Paris helped improve thewoman’slanguage skills.(D) The woman must have had a goodFrench teacher.6. (A) Apologize to his roommate.(B) Give the notes to the woman.(C) Call the woman tonight.(D) Take the woman’s notes to his roommate.7. (A) She doesn’t have time to talk to Dr.Foster.(B) She needs the additional time to finishher paper.(C) Dr. Foster hasn’t finished grading thepapers.(D) She wants the man to help her with her paper.8. (A) Phone the Cliffside Inn for areservation.(B) Ask her parents to come a differentweekend.(C) Call local hotels again in a few days.(D) Find a hotel again in a few days.9. (A) Main her some information about the conference.(B) Drive her to the conference.(C) Attend the conference in her place.(D) Collect her main while she’s at theconference.10. (A)The man should stop by the bookstoreon the way to class.(B) The man can return the books hedoesn’t need.(C) The man should have bought his booksearlier.(D) The man won’t need books on the firstday of class.11. (A) Help the man with his essay.(B) Ask Sue to rehearse with her.(C) Wait to rehearse until the man hasfinished his essay.(D) Meinerize her lines by herself.12. (A) Show her the newspaper that he’stalking about.(B) Think about getting an internship atanother place.(C) Sign up for more than one journalismclass.(D) Call T he Times about the internship.13. (A)He isn’t as good a tennis player as heused to be.(B) He hasn’t had time to play tennisrecently.(C) He caught a cold shortly after thetournament.(D) He think he’s more important than heis.14. (A)He’ll graduate before the woman.(B) He hopes to graduate before thesummer.(C) He doesn’t want to attend schoolyear-round.(D) The woman won’t be able to keep upthe pace.15. (A) It’s too late to buy the morningnewspaper.(B) He doesn’t want to go to the concert.(C) The box office is closed today.(D) All of the tickets have been sold.16. (A) The woman swims as well as he does.(B) He doesn’t have time to teach thewoman to swim.(C) He doesn’t enjoy swimming.(D) He learned to swim at a young age.17. (A) She has already started working on herresearch project.(B) She can’t decide on a research topic.(C) She’d like to discuss her research withthe man.(D) She has to change the subject of herresearch.18. (A) Introduce the woman to his neighbor.(B) Get a key from his neighbor.(C) Study in his neighbor’s apartment.(D) Borrow some books from hisneighbor.19. (A) The man shouldn’t hire the same tutorthat she had.(B) She isn’t prepared for the midtermexam either.(C) It’s too late to find a tutor.(D) The man should hire a tutor before the midterm exam20. (A) Stay in the hotel for at least twonights.(B) Leave the hotel the next morning.(C) Ask the hotel clerk for her room key.(D) Complain to the manager about theextra charges.21. (A) He doesn’t recommend going toCentral Mountain.(B) He doesn’t plan to go skiing duringspring break.(C) He has never been to CentralMountain.(D) He isn’t an experienced skier.22. (A) She knows who the top history studentis.(B) She hasn’t read the campus newspapertoday.(C) The man is mistaken.(D) It’s surprising that her roommate likes history.23. (A) He’s not qualified to proofread thewoman’s report.(B) He’ll be able to talk to the woman in afew minutes.(C) He hadn’t noticed a lot of the woman’smistakes.(D) He thinks the woman should haveasked him sooner.24. (A) Practice her presentation in front ofhim.(B) Find out who her audience will betomorrow.(C) Try not to think about her audience.(D) Watch him make his presentation.25. (A) She’s also curious about who won thegame.(B) She didn’t go to the game.(C) She was sitting right behind the man atthe game.(D) She also left the game early.26. (A) Make a shopping list.(B) Buy some groceries.(C) Finish making the salad.(D) Wait for the woman to return.27. (A) He finds the dictionary very useful.(B) He knows where the woman put thedictionary.(C) he doesn’t expect the woman toreplace the dictionary.(D) The woman should buy her owndictionary.28. (A) She plans to miss soccer practice.(B) She’ll arrive at the party after(C) Soccer practice will end later thanusual.(D) She’ll go to soccer practice after theparty.29. (A) Dr. Smith told her somethingimportant.(B) Dr. Smith didn’t understand what shesaid.(C) She wanted to protect Dr. Smith’sfeelings.(D) She didn’t intend to say what she said.30. (A) He sells paint supplies.(B) He plans to take an art class with thewoman.(C) He works as an artist.(D)He works in an art museum.31. (A) The cost of meals in the cafeteria.(B) The size of the cafeteria.(C) Career opportunities in cafeterias.(D) The food served in the cafeteria.32. (A) Giving advice on nutrition.(B) Cooking food for the students.(C) Listening to complaints about service.(D) Serving food to the students.33. (A) Find other students who will work inthe cafeteria.(B) Collect students’ opinions about meals.(C) As students to try a new dish he hasmade.(D) Teach students about thedisadvantages of frying food.34. (A) Stop serving hamburgers and friedchicken.(B) Use less sauce on the food.(C) Make some of the meals less fattening.(D) Buy less expensive food.35. (A) Somewhat curious.(B) Very skeptical.(C) Quite irritated.(D) Not at all interested.36. (A) That he’ll be performing in a concert.(B) That he had a conversation with thedirector of a choir.(C) That he heard a new musicalcompositionby Barbara Johnson.(D) That he’s been translating some Latinpoems for a class.37. (A) They’re members of the Latin club oncampus.(B) They work as editors.(C) They attended the same concert.(D) Music is their major field of study.38. (A) She was upset.(B) She was confused.(C) She was amused.(D) She was grateful.39. (A) Some photographs that he took of her during the concert.(B) A tape recording that he made of theconcert.(C) A review of the concert that he wrotefor the campus paper.(D) The corrected text from the programof the concert.40. (A) The skills cowboys learned on therange.(B) The evolution of rodeos.(C) The recent decline in the popularity ofrodeos.(D) The growth of the cattle industry.41. (A) They were small informal events.(B) Competitors were awarded largeprizes.(C) Large audiences attended them.(D) There were standard rules for judgingevents.42. (A) It is the only traveling rodeo.(B) it is the largest agricultural fair.(C) It is the oldest annual rodeo.(D) It was the first rodeo to chargeadmission.43. (A) How animals react to frighteningsituations.(B) Why mice are particularly fearfulanimals.(C) Whether fearfulness is a genetic trait.(D) Why certain animals are feared byhumans.44. (A) They fought with the other mice.(B) They stayed close to their mothers.(C) They ran back and forth constantly.(D) They remained close to one wall.45. (A) The extent of damage to the nervoussystem.(B) The presence or absence of certainnerve-cell receptors.(C) The size of nerve-cell receptors in thebrain.(D) The level of danger in the mammal’senvironment.46. (A) To show the relationship betweenfearfulness and environment.(B) To give examples of animals thataren’t fearful.(C) To compare fear in mammals to fear inother animals.(D) To identify the nerves that control fearin certain animals.47. (A) Why water flows from artesiansprings.(B) How artesian wells are drilled.(C) Why artesian springs are important togeologic research.(D) How aquifers are formed.48. (A)They pump water from the aquifer.(B) They purify the water in the aquifer.(C) They store excess water from theaquifer.(D) They trap water in the aquifer.49. (A)By eroding layers of sediment above it.(B) By traveling through cracks in layersof rock.(C) By reversing its flow down theaquicludes.(D) By boiling up through pores in theaquifer. 50. (A) It pushes the water upward.(B) It keeps the water cool.(C) It holds the water underground.(D) It creates holes in the aquiclude.Section Two: Structure and Written Expression1. A three-foot octopus can crawl through a hole------ in diameter.(A) than one inch less(B) less than one inch(C) one less inch than(D) tan less one inch2. ------adopted the decimal system of coinage in 1867.(A) Canada(B) When Canada(C) Canada, which(D) There was Canada3. Generally, the representatives ------ a legislature are constitutionally elected by a broad spectrumof the population.(A) who they compose(B) who compose(C) ad compose(D) compose4. The Actor’s Studio, a professional actors’ workshop in New York City, provides-----where actors can work together without the pressure of commercial production.(A) a place and(B) a place(C) so that a place(D) a place is5. ------ that life began billions of years ago in the water.(A) It is believed(B) In the belief(C) The belief(D) Believing6. by 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, ------ astonishing expansion creditedlargely to the Morrill Act of 1862.(A) because(B) an(C) to which(D) was7. The artist Romare Bcarden was ------ whose yellows, deep blues, and fuchsias contrasted strongly with photographic gray in his bright collages.(A) with a gift for color(B) a gifted colorist(C) a gift with colorful(D) gifted with coloring8. The most important chemical catalyst on this planet is chlorophyll, -------carbon dioxide and water react to form carbohydrates.(A) whose presence(B) which is present(C) presenting(D) in the presence of which9. One theory of the origin of the universe is -------from the explosion of a tiny, extremelydense fireball several billion years ago.(A) because what formed(B) the formation that(C) that it formed(D) when forming10. Roads in the United States remained crude, ------- with graved or wood planks, until the beginning of the twentieth century.(A) were unsurefaced or they coveredthem(B) which unsureface or covered(C) unsurfaced or covered them(D) unsurfaced or covered11. portrait prints were the first reproductions of American paintings ------- widely distributed in the United States.(A) were(B) that which(C) that being(D) to be12. Abigail Adams was prodigious letter writer, ------- many editions of her letters have been published.(A) who (B) and(C) in addition to(D) due to13. In geometry, an ellipse may be defined asthe locus of all points -------distances from two fixed points is constant.(A) which as the sum of(B) of the sum which(C) whose sum of whose(D) whose sum that the14. -------at the site of a fort established by the Northwest Mounted Police, Calgary is now one of Canada’s fastest growing cities.(A) Built(B) It is built(C) To build(D) Having built15. An image on a national flag can symbolize political ideals that -------express.(A) take many words to otherwise would.(B) would take to many otherwise words(C) many words to take would otherwise(D) would otherwise take many words to16. A variation of collodion photography was the tintype, which captured images on a black orA B C dark brown metal plate instead from on glass.D17. In cases of minor injury to the brain. Amnesia is likely to be a temporarily condition.A B C D18. The system of chemical symbols, first devised about 1800. gives a concise and instantlyA Brecognizable description of a element or compound.C D19. The fact that white light is light composed of various wavelengths may be demonstrating byA B Cdispersing a beam of such light through a prism.D20. Over the course of history, much civilizations developed their own number systems.A B C D21. In the United States during the Second World War, each trade unions and employers avoidedA Bfederal limits on wages by offering employees nontaxable medical benefits.C D22. Philosophy is the study of the nature of reality, knowledge, existent, and ethics by means ofA B C Drational inquiry.23. Poems vary in length from brief lyric poems to narrative or epic poems, which can be as broadA B Cin scope than a novel.D24. The population of California more than doubled during the period 1940-1960, creatingA Bproblems in road-building and provide water for its arid southern section.C D25. Although based it on feudal models, the colony of Pennsylvania developed a reputation for aA B Cprogressive political and social outlook.D26. Hard and resistant to corrosion, bronze is traditionally used in bell casting and is the materialA Bused widely most for metal sculpture.C D27. The Appalachian Mountains formation a natural barrier between the eastern seaboard and theA Bvast lowlands of the continental interior of North America.C D28. The United States census for 1970 showed that the French-speaking residents of LouisianaA Bwere one of the country’s most compact regional linguistic minority.C D29. When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils from become rancid whenA B Cexposed to air, and thus extend their shelf life.D31. Copper was the first metallic used by humans and is second only to iron in its utility throughA B Cthe ages.D32. Despite the fact that lemurs are general nocturnal, the ring-tailed lemur travels by day in bandsA B Cof four to twelve individuals.D33. The Western world is beset with the range of problem that characterize mature, postindustrialA B Csocieties.D34. Acrylic paints are either applied using a knife or diluted and spreading with a paintbrush.A B C D35. Some marine invertebrates, such as the sea urchin and the starfish, migrates from deep waterA Bto shallow during spring and early summer to spawn.C D36. Marshes, wetland areas characterized by plant grassy growth, are distinguished from swamps,A B Cwetlands where trees grown.D37. Wampum, beads used as a form of exchange by some Native Americans, was made of bits ofA B Cseashells cut, drill, and strung into belts.C38. Kangaroos use their long and powerful tails for balance themselves when sitting upright orA B C Djumping.39. Proper city planning provides for the distribution of public utilities, public buildings, parks,A Band recreation centers, and for adequate and the inexpensive housing.C D40. Most traditional dances are made up of a prearranged series of steps and movements, butA Bmodern dancers are generally free to move as they choice.C DSection Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 1-9In 1972, a century after the first national park in the United States was established at Yellowstone, legislation was passed to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program.The intent of this legislation was to provide protection to selected coastal habitats similar To that existing for land areas designated as national parks. The designation of an areas5) a marine sanctuary indicates that it is a protected area, just as a national park is. Peopleare permitted to visit and observe there, but living organisms and their environments may not be harmed or removed.The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a branch of the United States Department of Commerce.10) Initially, 70 sites were proposed as candidates for sanctuary status. Two and a half decadeslater, only fifteen sanctuaries had been designated, with half of these established after1978. They range in size from the very small (less than I square kilometer) Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary in American Samoa to the Monterey Bay National MarineSanctuary in California, extending over 15,744 square kilometers.15) The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is a crucial part of new managementpractices in which whole communities of species, and not just individual species, areoffered some degree of protection from habitat degradation and overexploitation. Only in this way can a reasonable degree of marine species diversity be maintained in a setting that also maintains the natural interrelationships that exist among these species.20) Several other types of marine protected areas exist in the United States and othercountries. The National Estuarine Research Reserve System, managed by the UnitedStates government, includes 23 designated and protected estuaries. Outside the United States, marine protected-area programs exist as marine parks, reserves, and preserves.Over 100 designated areas exist around the periphery of the Carbbean Sea. Others range 25) from the well-known Australian Great Barrer Reef Marine Park to lesser-known parksin countries such as Thailand and Indonesia, where tourism is placing growing pressures on fragile coral reef systems. As state, national, and international agencies come torecognize the importance of conserving marine biodiversity, marine projected areas.whether as sanctuaries, parks, or estuarine reserves, will play an increasingly important role in preserving that diversity.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Differences among marine parks,sanctuaries, and reserves(B) Various marine conservation programs(C) International agreements on coastalprotection(D) Similarities between land and seaprotected environments2. The word “intent” in line 3 is closest inmeaning to(A) repetition(B) approval(C) goal(D) revision3. The word “administered” in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) managed(B) recognized(C) opposed(D) justified 4. The word “these” in line 11 refers to(A) sites(B) candidates(C) decades(D) sanctuaries5. The passage mentions the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (lines 13-14) as an example of a sanctuary that(A) is not well know(B) covers a large area(C) is smaller than the Fagatele BayNational Marine Sanctuary(D) was not originally proposed forsanctuarystatus6. According to the passage, when was the National Marine Sanctuaries Programestablished?(A) Before 1972(B) After 1987(C) One hundred years before nationalparks were established(D) One hundred years after YellowstoneNational Park was established7. According to the passage, all of the following are achievements of the National Marine Sanctuaries Program EXCEPT(A) the discovery of several new marineorganisms(B) the preservation of connections between individual marine species(C) the protection of coastal habitats(D) the establishment of areas where thepublic can observe marine life 8. The word “periphery” in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) depth(B) landmass(C) warm habitat(D) outer edge9. The passage mentions which of the following as a threat to marine areas outside the United States?(A) Limitations in financial support(B) The use of marine species as food(C) Variability of the climate(D) Increases in tourismQuestions 10-17From their inception, most rural neighborhoods in colonial North America included at least one carpenter, joiner, sawyer, and cooper in woodworking; a weaver and a tailorfor clothing production; a tanner, currier, and cordwainer (shoemaker) for fabricating leather objects; and a blacksmith for metalwork, Where stone was the local building material, a5) mason was sure to appear on the list of people who paid taxes. With only an apprentice asan assistant, the rural artisan provided the neighborhood with common goods from furniture to shoes to farm equipment in exchange for cash or for “goods in kind” from the customer’s field, pasture, or dairy. Sometimes artisans transformed material provided by the customer wove cloth of yam spun at the farm from the wool of the family sheep; made chairs or tables 10) from wood cut in the customer’s own woodlot; produced shoes or leather breeches fromcow, deer, or sheepskin tanned on the farm.Like their farming neighbors, rural artisans were part of an economy seen, by one historian, as “an orchestra conducted by nature.” Some tasks could not be done in the winter, other had to be put off during harvest time, and still others waited on raw materials that were 15) only produced seasonally. As the days grew shorter, shop hours kept pace, since few artisanscould afford enough artificial light to continue work when the Sun went down. To the best of their ability, colonial artisans tried to keep their shops as efficient as possible and toregularize their schedules and methods of production for the best return on their investment in time, tools, and materials, While it is pleasant to imagine a woodworker, for example, 20) carefully matching lumber, joining a chest together without resort to nails or glue, andapplying all thought and energy to carving beautiful designs on the finished piece, the time required was not justified unless the customer was willing to pay extra for the quality—and few in rural areas were, Artisans, therefore, often found it necessary to employ asmany shortcuts and economics as possible while still producing satisfactory products.10. What aspect of rural colonial North America does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Farming practices(B) The work of artisans(C) The character of rural neighborhoods(D) Types of furniture that were popular11. The word “inception” in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) investigation(B) location(C) beginning(D) records12. The word “fabricating” in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) constructing(B) altering(C) selecting(D) demonstrating13. It can be inferied from the from the passage that the use of artificial light in colonial times was(A) especially helpful to woodworkers(B) popular in rural areas(C) continuous in winter(D) expensive14. Why did colonial artisans want to “regularizetheir schedules their schedules” (line 18)?(A) To enable them to produce high quality products(B) To enable them to duplicate an itemmany times(C) To impress their customers(D) To keep expenses low15. The phrase “resort to” in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) protecting with(B) moving toward(C) manufacturing(D) using16. The word “few’ in lines 23 refers to(A) woodworkers(B) finished pieces(C) customers(D) chests17. It can inferred that the artisans referred to in the passage usually produced products that were(A) simple(B) delicate(C) beautifully decorated(D) exceptionally long-lastingQuestions 18-28Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform. Some functions result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry, but most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the region that supplies goods to thecity and to which the city furnishes services and other goods). Geographers often make 5) a distinction between the situation and the site of a city. Situation refers to the generalposition in relation to the surrounding region, whereas site involves physicalcharacteristics of the specific location. Situation is normally much more important tothe continuing prosperity of a city. if a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is much more likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an almost 10) unparalleled situation: it is located at the southern end of a huge lake that forces east-westtransportation lines to be compressed into its vicinity, and at a meeting of significant land and water transport routes. It also overlooks what is one of the world’s finest largefarming regions. These factors ensured that Chicago would become a great city regardless of the disadvantageous characteristics of the available site, such as being prone to flooding15) during thunderstorm activity.Similarly, it can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation. Philadephia and Boston both originated at about the same time as New York and shared New York’s location at the western end of one of the world’s most important oceanic trade routes, but only New York possesses an 20) easy-access functional connection (the Hudson-Mohawk lowland) to the vast Midwesternhinterland. This account does not alone explain New York’s primacy, but it does include several important factors. Among the many aspects of situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not, original location on a navigable waterway seemsparticularly applicable. Of course, such characteristic as slope, drainage, power25) resources, river crossings, coastal shapes, and other physical characteristics help todetermine city location, but such factors are normally more significant in early stagesof city development than later.18. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The development of trade routes through United States cities(B) Contrasts in settlement patterns in United States(C) Historical differences among three large United States cities(D) The importance of geographical situation in the growth of United States cities19. The word “ingenuity” in line 2. is closest in meaning to(A) wealth(B) resourcefulness(C) traditions(D) organization20. The passage suggests that a geographer would consider a city’s soil type part of its(A) hinterland(B) situation(C) site(D) function21. According to the passage, a city’s situation is more important than its site in regard to the city’s.(A) long-term growth and prosperity(B) ability to protect its citizenry(C) possession of favorable weather conditions(D) need to import food supplies22. The author mentions each of the following as an advantage of Chicago’s location EXCEPT its.(A) hinterland(B) nearness to a large lake(C) position in regard to transport routes(D) flat terrain23. The word “characteristics” in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) choices(B) attitudes(C) qualities(D) inhabitants24. The primary purpose of paragraph 1 is to(A) summarize past research and introduceanew study(B) describe a historical period(C) emphasize the advantages of one theory over another(D) define a term and illustrate it with anexample25. According to the passage, Philadelphia andBoston are similar to New York City in(A) size of population。

2000年10月TOEFL试题含答案

2000年10月TOEFL试题含答案2000年10月TOEFL试题Section One: Listening ComprehensionPart A1. (A) She has had the man's calculator since Thursday.(B) The man's calculator is broken.(C) The man may use her calculator.(D) She'll return the man's calculator onThursday.2. (A) Buy a different kind of medicine.(B) See a doctor.(C) Take a second pill.(D) Avoid taking any medication.3. (A) He'll go running after his study group meeting.(B) He doesn't agree with the woman about the weather.(C) He doesn't like to go running.(D) He'll go with the woman this afternoon.4. (A) Another friend commented on his haircut too.(B) The woman has mistaken him for another person.(C) He decided to try a new barbershop.(D) A different person cut his hair this time.5. (A) The man shouldn't be surprised at how busy he is.(B) The man should leave more time for his studies.(C) The man should try to find a different job.(D) The bookstore will be hiring more people.6. (A) The woman should get more sleep.(B) The woman may be sicker than she realizes.(C) He isn't sick.(D) He doesn't think the woman is sick.7. (A) The art museum isn't open today.(B) The number 42 bus doesn't run on Mondays.(C) The man should wait for the number' 42 bus.(D) She has never taken the bus to the art museum.8. (A) The man should buy a jacket instead of a suit.(B) The green jacket doesn't fit as well as the blue one.(C) The style of clothing is more important than the color.(D) The man looks better in blue.9. (A) The woman will get to her class on time.(B) The woman should go to a different counter.(C) He doesn't like sandwiches very much.(D) He's having trouble deciding what to eat.10. (A) Her sister's train is late.(B) Her sister will visit in three months.(C) She'll have to leave without her sister.(D) She's eager to see her sister.11. (A) She's pleased they were invited.(B) Susan gave them the wrong directions.(C) They'll probably be late for dinner.(D) Susan's house is probably nearby.12. (A) Buy some orange juice for the woman.(B) Borrow some money from the woman.(C) Drive the woman to the store.(D) Pay back money the woman lent him.13. (A) She hasn't worn the dress in a long time.(B) She doesn't like the dress very much.(C) She intends to give the dress to her sister.(D) She doesn't remember where her sister bought the dress.14. (A) She never cleans the apartment.(B) She's doing a report with her roommate.(C) She's too busy to clean the apartment.(D) She doesn't like sharing an apartment.15. (A) He'll try to finish the novel tonight.(B) He liked the novel very much.(C) He doesn't remember where he put the novel.(D) He's looking forward to the next literature assignment.16. (A) He doesn't like to wake up early in the morning.(B) The woman seems unusually sad.(C) There's no special reason for his good mood.(D) He wasn't in a good mood when he woke up.17. (A) Get a ride to the station with the woman.(B) Take the woman to the station.(C) Borrow the woman's car to go to the station.(D) Drive his car instead of taking the train.18. (A) Review the assignment by himself.(B) Wait a few minutes before trying to phone John again.(C) Ask one of John's housemates about the assignment.(D) Go over to John's house.19. (A) He won't vote for the woman.(B) He may also run for class president.(C) The woman already asked him for his vote.(D) The woman should ask his roommate to vote for her.20. (A) She isn't sure that the author's ideas would work.(B) The author isn't an expert in economics.(C) She has a better theory about the economy.(D) The author spends too much time arguing about details.21. (A) She doesn't agree with the man.(B) The man doesn't need an official grade report.(C) Official copies of grades used to be cheaper.(D) The man should go to a different office.22. (A) Take her bicycle to the repair shop.(B) Leave her bicycle outside.(C) Go to work when it stops raining.(D) Check to make sure the garage is dry.23. (A) Others should hear about the man's accomplishment.(B) The man should avoid talking about his accomplishment.(C) The man's parents helped him gel the scholarship.(D) The man's parents already told her about his scholarship.24. (A) The course is too difficult,(B) The professor changed his mind.(C) The final exam was cancelled.(D) The woman misunderstood the professor.25. (A) The coffee used to taste better.(B) He's surprised that the woman drinks coffee.(C) He'd rather drink something other than coffee.(D) The coffee tastes the same as before.26. (A) Come back later in the day.(B) Join the staff meeting. .(C) Wait for the pool to open.(D) Wait for the competition to begin.27. (A) He'd like to go to the theater Friday night.(B) He already has a ticket for the Friday night performance.(C) He doesn't think he can exchange his ticket.(D) He rarely goes to the movies.28. (A) She took a history class last year.(B) She doesn't trust the man's opinion.(C) She probably won't take any history classes.(D) She didn't like her sociology professor.29, (A) The other job wouldn't have paid for her tuition.(B) The woman should have taken the other job offer.(C) The woman should get an advanced degree.(D) Paid tuition is only a small benefit.30. (A) The man should have signed her up for the class.(B) The man needs to pay more attention in class.(C) She warned the man not to take an early morning class.(D) She thought the chemistry class was difficult.PartB31. (A) To return some business books.(B) To apply for a new library card.(C) To check out some books from the library(D) To find out where the art books are located.32. (A) The library assistant thinks he has an overdue book.(B) The books he needs have been checked out by someone else.(C) The library assistant is unable to locate the books that he needs.(D) A library notice was sent to him at his previous address.33. (A) To explain why he had difficulty finding the library.(B) To explain why he couldn't have borrowed library books in June.(C) To explain why he doesn't yet have a library card,(D) To explain why he needs assistance in locating a book.34. (A) The man has mistakenly received someone else's books.(B) The man changed his major from art to business.(C) The man recently moved off campus.(D) There are two students named Robert Smith.35. (A) See if he is related to any of the students.(B) Apply for a job as a library assistant.(C) Use his middle name.(D) Use a different library.36. (A) Its similarities to previous architecture.(B) Its impressive and distinctive features.(C) Methods used in its construction.(D) How it was preserved for later generations.37. (A) Public market days.(B) Races and sporting events.(C) Processions of priests.(D) Speeches by politicians.38. (A) It was removed by an invading army.(B) It broke off when part of the hall collapsed.(C) It was cut away to let banners pass through the entrance.(D) It was later used in building another temple.39. (A) Its lighting.(B) Its sound quality.(C) Its air circulation.(D) Its stability in an earthquake.Part C40. (A) The relationship between physics and philosophy.(B) Ancient Greek beliefs about matter and motion.(C) The effects of Aristotle's philosophy on current theories of physics.(D) Aristotle's use of fire in scientific experiments.41. (A) Earth.(B) Water.(C) Air.(D) Fire.42. (A) Pulling and pushing motions.(B) Throwing motions.(C) Planetary motions.(D) Natural downward or upward motions.43. (A) It's pushed away from Earth by fire.(B) It's trying to return to its natural resting place.(C) It's attracted to other planets.(D) Its main substance is water.44. (A) To solicit volunteers for Turtle Watch.(B) To give an assignment to a biology class.(C) To warn students not to hurt green turtles.(D) To describe the nesting and hatching activities of the green turtle.45. (A) The lights attract predators.(B) They need to save electricity.(C) The baby turtles are attracted to light.(D) The volunteers use lights for signals.46. (A) Write a report about their activities.(B) Attend make-up classes with Dr.Webster.(C) Help find turtle eggs before they hatch.(D) Spend two hours working for the project.47. (A) How people in rural areas preserved food.(B) The construction of icehouses.(C) An important industry in the nineteenth century.(D) How improvements in transportation affected industry.48. (A) Modem technology for the kitchen.(B) Improved transportation systems.(C) Industrial use of streams and rivers.(D) Increased temperatures in many areas.49. (A) Only wealthy families had them.(B) They were important to the ice industry.(C) They were built mostly on the east coast.(D) They are no longer in common use.50. (A) To keep train engines cool.(B) To preserve perishable food.(C) To store ice while it was being transported.(D) To lift blocks of ice from frozen lakes and ponds.Section Two: Structure and Written Expression1. The role of the ear is acoustic disturbances into neural signals suitable for transmission to the brain.(A) to code(B) so that coded(C) coded(D) it coding2. The imagist movement in poetry arose during the second decade of the twentieth century----against romanticism,(A) when a revolt(B) as a revolt(C) a revolt was(D) that a revolt3. Virtually species have biological clocks that regulate their metabolism over a 24-hour period.(A) all there are(B) all(C) all are(D) they all4. According to United States criminal law, insanity may relieve a person from the usual legal consequences(A) what his or her acts have(B) of his or her acts are(C) of his or her acts(D) what of his or her acts5. In addition to a place where business deals are made, a stock exchange collects statistics, publishes price quotations, and sets rules and standards for trading.(A) being(B) it is(C) that which(D) where is6. The first inhabitants of the territories ------Canada came across the Bering Strait and along the edge of the Arctic ice.(A) make up that now(B) make up now that(C) that make up now(D) that now make up7. need for new schools following the Second World War that provided the sustained thrust for the architectural program in Columbus, Indiana.(A) Since the(B) To be the(C) The(D) It was the8. The soybean contains vitamins, essential minerals, high percentage of protein.(A) a(B) and a(C) since a(D) of which a9. Hail is formed when a drop of rain is carried by an updraft to an altitude where -----to freeze it.(A) is the air cold enough(B) the air cold enough(C) the cold enough air(D) the air is cold enough10. Geometrically, the hyperbolic functions are related to the hyperbola,------the trigonometric functions are related to the circle.(A) just as(B) same(C) similar to(D) and similar11. , Kilauea is one of the world's mostactive volcanoes, having erupted dozens of times since 1952.(A) The big island of Hawaii's location(B) Locates the big island of Hawaii(C) Located on the big island of Hawaii(D) On the big island of Hawaii's location12. Not until the eighteenth century the complex chemistry of metallurgy(A) when scientists began to appreciate(B) did scientists begin to appreciate(C) scientists who were beginning to appreciate(D) the appreciation of scientists began13. 1810, water-powered textile manufacturing arrived in New Hampshire with the founding of a company in Manchester that manufactured cotton and wool.(A) Early(B) In the early(C) As early as(D) When early14. The settings of Eudora Welty's stories may be rather limited, but--------about human natureis quite broad.(A) exposes(B) exposes that(C) she exposes(D) what she exposes15. Lichens grow extremely well in very cold parts of the world -------- plants can survive.(A) where few other(B) few others(C) where do few others(D) there are few others16．The pear tree has simple, oval leaves that are smoother and shinier than them of theA B C D apple.17．In the orbit of a planet around the Sun, the point closest to the Sun is called it theA B C D perihelion.18．In the early 1900’s, Roy Harris created and promoted a distinctly American style of A B Cclassical music and greatly influenced a number of composer in the United States.D19．The eighteenth century witnessed the emergence of North American ports,Aparticular Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, as major commercial centers within theB C D British empire.20．Guitarlike instruments have exist since ancient times, but the first written mentionA B Cof the guitar itself is from the fourteenth century.D21．The law of biogenesis is the principle what all living organisms are derived from aA B Cparent or parents.D22．Onyx is a mineral that can be recognized its regular and straight parallel bands ofA B Cwhite, black, or brown.D23．There are as many as 200 million insects for every human beings, and in fact theirA Btotal number exceeds that of all other animals taken together.24．Native to South America and cultivated there for thousands of years, the peanutA Bis said to have introduced to North America by early explorers.C D25．Originally canoes were made by the hollowing out of logs and used were for combatA B Cas well as transport.D26．Among the symptoms of measles, which takes about twelve days to incubate, are a highA B C fever, swelling of glands in the neck, a cough, and sensitive to light.D27．Ice crystals in a glacier tends to melt and recrystallize within a brief moment of travel A B C Don a downhill glide.28．Photograph was revolutionized in 1851 by the introduction of the collodion processA B Cfor making glass negatives.D29．The piano is a stringed musical instrument in which the strings are strike byA B Cfelt-covered hammers controlled by a keyboard.D30．The sounds used in human languages to create meaning consist of small variation inA Bair pressure can be sensed by the ear.C D31．The mountains, especially the Rocky Mountains, formerly constituted a seriouslyA Bbarrier to east-west trade in British Columbia.C D32．Telescope are frequently used in astronomy to collect light from a celestial object,A Bbring the light into focus, and producing a magnified image.C D33．Diamond is the hardest known substance, so diamond can be cut only by anotherA B C D diamonds.34．There are about 350 species and subspecies of birds in danger of become extinct,A Bwith a large number of them, 117 in all, found on oceanic islands.35．The nineteenth-century romantic movement in art was partially a reaction to whatA B Cwas perceived as overemphasis on reasonable and order in neoclassicism.D36．Like triglycerides, cholesterol is a type of fat that is both consumed in the diet butA B C D manufactured by the body.37．Both the United States silver dollar and half-dollar, first minted in 1794, had a figureA B Cof Liberty on one side and a eagle on the reverse side.D38．For an advertisement to be effective, its production and placement must to be basedA B Con a knowledge of human nature and a skilled use of the media.D39．While photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convertA B Cwater, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.D40．The Democratic Party, the most oldest existing political party in the United States,A Bhas played a vital role in the nation’s history.C DSection Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 1-10One area of paleoanthropological study involves the eating and dietary habits of hominids, erect bipedal primates—including early humans. It is clear that at some stage of history, humans began to carry their food to central places, called home bases, where itLine was shared and consumed with the young and other adults. The use of home bases is a(5) fundamental component of human social behavior; the common meal served at a common hearth is a powerful symbol, a mark of social unity. Home base behavior does not occur among nonhuman primates and is rare among mammals. It is unclear when humans began to use home bases, what kind of communications and social relations were involved, and what the ecological and food-choice contexts of the shift were. Work on early tools,(10) surveys of paleoanthropological sites, development and testing of broad ecological theories, and advances in comparative primatology are contributing to knowledge about this central chapter in human prehistory.One innovative approach to these issues involves studying damage and wear on stone tools. Researchers make tools that replicate excavated specimens as closely as possible(15) and then try to use them as the originals might have been used, in woodcutting, hunting, or cultivation. Depending on how the tool is used, characteristic chippage patterns andmicroscopically distinguishable polishes develop near the edges. The first application of this method of analysis to stone tools that are 1.5 million to 2 million years old indicates that, from the start, an important function of early stone tools was to extract highly(20) nutritious food—meat and marrow-from large animal carcasses. Fossil bones with cut marks caused by stone tools have been discovered lying in the same 2-million-year-old layers that yielded the oldest such tools and the oldest hominid specimens (including humans) with larger than ape-sized brains. This discovery increases scientists' certainty about when human ancestors began to eat more meat than present-day nonhuman(25) primates. But several questions remain unanswered: how frequently meat eating occurred; what the social implications of meat eating were; and whether the increased use of meat coincides with the beginnings of the use of home bases.1. The passage mainly discusses which of the following aspects of hominid behavior?(A) Changes in eating and dietary practices(B) The creation of stone hunting tools(C) Social interactions at home bases(D) Methods of extracting nutritious food from carcasses2. According to the passage, bringing a meal to a location to be shared by many individuals is(A) an activity typical of nonhuman primates(B) a common practice among animals that eat meat(C) an indication of social unity .(D) a behavior that encourages better dietary habits3. The word "consumed" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) prepared(B) stored(C) distributed(D) eaten4. According to paragraph 2, researchers make copies of old stone tools in order to(A) protect the old tools from being worn out(B) display examples of the old tools in museums(C) test theories about how old tools were used(D) learn how to improve the design of modern tools5. In paragraph 2, the author mentions all of the following as examples of ways in which early stone tools were used EXCEPT to(A) build home bases(B) obtain food(C) make weapons(D) shape wood6. The word "innovative" in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) good(B) new(C) simple(D) costly7. The word "them" in line 15 refers to(A) issues(B) researchers(C) tools(D) specimens8. The author mentions "characteristic chippage patterns" in line 16 as an example of(A) decorations cut into wooden objects(B) differences among tools made of various substances(C) impressions left on prehistoric animal bones(D) indications of wear on stone tools9. The word "extract" in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) identify(B) remove(C) destroy(D) compare10. The word "whether" in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) if(B) how(C) why(D) whenQuestions 11-20In seventeenth-century colonial North America, all day-to-day cooking was done in the fireplace. Generally large, fireplaces were planned for cooking as well as for warmth. Those in the Northeast were usually four or five feet high, and in the South, they wereLine often high enough for a person to walk into. A heavy timber called the mantel tree was(5) used as a lintel to support the stonework above the fireplace opening. This timber might be scorched occasionally, but it was far enough in front of the rising column of heat to be safe from catching fire.Two ledges were built across from each other on the inside of the chimney. On these rested the ends of a "lug pole" from which pots were suspended when cooking. Wood(10) from a freshly cut tree was used for the lug pole, so it would resist heat, but it had to be replaced frequently because it dried out and charred, and was thus weakened. Sometimes the pole broke and the dinner fell into the fire. When iron became easier to obtain, it was used instead of wood for lug poles, and later fireplaces had pivoting metal rods to hang pots from. (15) Beside the fireplace and built as part of it was the oven. It was made like a small, secondary fireplace with a flue leading into the main chimney to draw out smoke. Sometimes the door of the oven faced the room, but most ovens were built with the opening facing into the fireplace. On baking days (usually once or twice a week) a roaring fire of "oven wood," consisting of brown maple sticks, was maintained in the oven until its(20) walls were extremely hot. The embers were later removed, bread dough was put into the oven, and the oven was sealed shut until the bread was fully baked.Not ai! baking was done in a big oven, however. Also used was an iron "bake kettle," which looked like a stewpot on legs and which had an iron lid. This is said to have worked well when it was placed in the fireplace, surrounded by glowing wood embers, with more(25) embers piled on its lid.11. Which of the following aspects of domestic life in colonial North America does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Methods of baking bread(B) Fireplace cooking(C) The use of iron kettles in a typical kitchen(D) The types of wood used in preparing meals12. The author mentions the fireplaces built in the South to illustrate(A) how the materials used were similar to the materials used in northeastern fireplaces(B) that they served diverse functions(C) that they were usually larger than northeastern fireplaces(D) how they were safer than northeastern fireplaces13. The word "scorched" in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) burned(B) cut(C) enlarged(D)bent14. The word "it" in line 6 refers to(A) the stonework(B) the fireplace opening(C) the mantel tree(D) the rising column of heat15. According to the passage, how was food usually cooked in a pot in the seventeenth century?(A) By placing the pot directly into the fire(B) By putting the pot in the oven(C) By filling the pot with hot water(D) By hanging the pot on a pole over the fire16. The word "obtain" in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A) maintain(B) reinforce(C) manufacture(D) acquire17. Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 2 as a disadvantage of using a wooden lug pole?(A) It was made of wood not readily available.(B) It was difficult to move or rotate.(C) It occasionally broke.(D) It became too hot to touch.18. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that, compared to other firewood, "oven wood" produced(A) less smoke(B) more heat(C) fewer embers(D) lower flames19. According to paragraph 3, all of the following were true of a colonial oven EXCEPT:(A) It was used to heat the kitchen every day.(B) It was built as part of the main fireplace.(C) The smoke it generated went out through the main chimney.(D) It was heated with maple sticks.20. According to the passage, which of the following was an advantage of a "bake kettle"?(A) It did not take up a lot of space in the fireplace.(B) It did not need to be tightly closed.(C) It could be used in addition to or instead of the oven.(D) It could be used to cook several foods at one time.Questions 21-29Butterflies are among the most extensively studied insects—an estimated 90 percent of theworld's species have scientific names. As a consequence, they are perhaps the best group of insects for examining patterns of terrestrial biotic diversity and distribution. Butterflies alsohave a favorable image with the general public. Hence, they are an excellent group for(5) communicating information on science and conservation issues such as diversity.Perhaps the aspect of butterfly diversity that has received the most attention over the past century is the striking difference in species richness between tropical and temperate regions.For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an hour's walk, whereas the total (10) number found on the British islands did not exceed 66, and the whole of Europe supported only321. This early comparison of tropical and temperate butterfly richness has been well confirmed.A general theory of diversity would have to predict not only this difference betweentemperate and tropical zones, but also patterns within each region, and how these patterns vary (15) among different animal and plant groups. However, for butterflies, variation of species richnesswithin temperate or tropical regions, rather man between them, is poorly understood. Indeed, comparisons of numbers of species among the Amazon basin, tropical Asia, and Africa are still mostly "personal communication" citations, even for vertebrates, In other words, unlike comparison between temperate and tropical areas, these patterns are still in the documentation(20)phase.In documenting geographical variation in butterfly diversity, some arbitrary, practicaldecisions are made. Diversity, number of species, and species richness are used synonymously; little is known about the evenness of butterfly distribution. The New World butterflies makeup the preponderance of examples because they are the most familiar species. It is hoped that (25) by focusing on them, the errors generated by imperfect and incomplete taxonomy will be minimized.21. Which aspect of butterflies does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Their physical characteristics(B) Their names(C) Their adaptation to different habitats(D) Their variety22. The word "consequence" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) result(B) explanation(C) analysis(D) requirement23. Butterflies are a good example for communicating information about conservation issues because they(A) are simple in structure(B) are viewed positively by people(C) have been given scientific names(D) are found mainly in temperateclimates24. The word "striking" in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) physical(B) confusing(C) noticeable(D) successful25. The word "exceed" in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A) locate(B) allow(C) go beyond(D) come close to26. All of the following are mentioned as being important parts of a general theory of diversity EXCEPT(A) differences between temperate and tropical zones(B) patterns of distribution of species in each region(C) migration among temperate and tropical zones(D) variation of patterns of distribution of species among different animals and plants。

2001年10月托福真题听力文字

01年10月托福听力文字Part: A1．A: How did your job interview go?B: I don't think I came across（给人留下深刻印象）as well as I could have.Q: What does the man mean?2．A: Care for any of these cookies? My roommate made them.B: Don't mind if I do.Q: What will the man probably do?3．A: Oh my, you still don't look too good. Didn't you take the pain reliever I gave you'?B: Yeah, an hour ago. Guess I've got a headache that just won't quitQ: What does the man mean?4．A: Owe. You must be sad, what with your best friend taking a job m Texas. It's so far away.B: Yeah, I'm really going to miss her. But at least I have a good reason to visit a new part of the country now.Q: What does the woman imply?5．A: My fingers are sticky from that candy bar. Do you mind if I use the restroom to wash up before we leave?B: Sure, I'll be over at the bus stop.Q: What will the speakers probably do next?6．A: This strap on my briefcase is broken. Do you think you could replace it？ Say, by next Tuesday? B: Let's see, oh sure that won't be a problem. It won't even take that longQ: What does the man mean?7． A: So, my adviser wants me to take the creative writing class that meets on Wednesday, instead of the Monday class because the instructor in the class is supposed to be great. But that' d mean I'd have to spend the whole day on campus every Wednesday.B: Well, but especially in creative writing the instructor can make a big difference in how much you get out of the classQ: What does the woman imply the man should do?8．A: Have you finalized your plans for spring break yet?B: Well, I could visit some friends in Florida, or go to my roommate's home. It's a tough choice.Q: What does the man mean?9．A: This is such a great time to buy winter clothes. So many stores are having sales now and the price reductions are pretty substantial.B: Yeah, It's just what I've been waiting for. There are so many things I need.Q: What does the man imply?10．A: Where have you been? I was just about to give up on you.B: Sorry, my bus was delayed. But I'm glad you were patient, It would have been hard for us to find another time to meet this week.Q: What does the woman mean?11．A: It's so cold and windy out. This would be a good afternoon for a chess match.B: Yeah. I’d love to. The trouble is I'm afraid I never figured out file rules.Q．What can be inferred about the woman?12．A: Say remember that proposal for an international festival next spring? Do you think there's any chance it'll ever get off the ground?B: I don t thing it's a question of whether it'll happen. It's just a matter of where it'll be held.Q: What does the woman imply about the international festival?13．A: The bookstore on Center Street is having a sale, They're advertising discounts of up to 70% on a lot of their books.B: Yeah. I was there when they opened this morning. It was so packed I didn't even go insideQ: What does file man mean?14．A: Can you drive me to the Anderson's party Friday night?B: It depends on if I get my car back from the shop.Q: What does the woman imply?15．A: I've been washing my clothes in the same Laundromat（自助洗衣店）you use, the one near the dorms. But I can't stand it that their prices keep going up, I think I might start going to that one over on 2nd Ave.B: Well the one on 2nd might be cheaper. But for me the convenience of having a Laundromat so close to where I live is worth the extra dollar to.Q: What does the woman mean?16．A: I can't believe I can't get a plane ticket for the December holidays. I mean, it's only October. B: Well, you know I wouldn't worry about it too much people cancel their reservations all the time.Q: What does the woman imply the man should do?17．A: A bunch of us are going out for pizza.B: Count me out, but have a good time.Q: What does the man mean?18．A: Excuse me. I heard that there were a couple of jobs available in the library. So I'd like to apply for one of them. Can I fill out the application form at home and bring it back next week?B: Sure, but you should know that we're about to start looking at the applications, and we hope to make some job offers in a few days.Q: What does the woman imply?19．A: I started reading that book you loaned me, but I’m having a tough time keeping up with the main characters. It's hard to remember them allB: Yeah, I know. The first part isn't easy. All I can say is stick with it. Once you get halfway through you won't want to put it down.Q: What does the woman imply?20．A: I’m afraid this is the only room in the hotel we have free at this time Sir, We weren't expecting you. B: Oh, dear. I guess I'll take what I can get. Next mime I'll be sure to call in advance and make a reservation.Q: What can be inferred about the man?21．A: I heard you were thinking of applying for a job as a camp counselor.B: Yeah, Do you know if they need anyone about place where you worked last summer?Q: What does the woman ask the man?22．A: Hey, is Susan on the debate team too? She's wearing a purple shirt today, doesn't everyone on the team wear a purple shirt on days when you're having a debate?B: I guess, But other people some times wear purple colored shirts too you know.Q: What does the man mean?23．A: I've been trying to reach you for days, but your line's always busyB: You're lucky. You got me before my roommate came homeQ: What can be inferred about the woman's roommate?24．A: It's not fun being around Debbie and Mike these days. All they do is quarrel.B: I've noticed it too. I wish they would keep their squabbles to themselves(把争论留给自己).Q: What does the woman want Debbie and Mike to do?25．A：Dr. Jones, I was wondering if you would consider giving me an extension on my paper. I just got back on campus yesterday from hospital.B: Well, under the circumstances I can't see how I can deny your request.Q: What does Dr Jones say he will do?26．A: I know it's only a piece of clothing, but something about wearing a white lab coat makes me feel really, well, professional.B: Yeah, but I think the department should be paying for them, not us.Q: What does the man say about lab coats?27．A: I think I need a new tire. I had to put air in it twice this week.B: That happened to me once. It was just a nail, and they were able to repair it.Q: What does the woman mean?28．A: Say Mary, I've got to fly home for winter break early. I'm actually leaving tomorrow. Do you think you could take notes for me in our American History class on Thursday?B: Oh, Jim. I'm leaving tomorrow too.Q: What does the woman imply?29．A: This dormitory is too boring for me. I wonder if can move to Richardson?B: Are you sure you want to do that? Even you need some sleep.Q: What does the man imply?30．A: I'm going to see the sculpture exhibition at the University Museum next Monday.B: Oh, You mean they've decided to hold it over（拖延）?Q: What had the man assumed about the exhibition?Part: BQuestions 31-35A: Dr. Smith. I need to ask you about something in Chapter 12. Well it talks about erosion and the deposit of sediment on the deep sea floor, but I'm confused, cause, well, for that to happen there would have to be some kind of force down there moving the mud or sand or whatever, right? But I thought there weren't any waves or currents that deep in the ocean.B: That's not exactly correct. It's true that deep down on the ocean floor we won't have the same kinds of currents we find in shallower parts. But we do find what we call turbidity currents(混浊流). This wasn’t in the book but the term came up in class. Do you remember what it means?A: Um, turbidity currents? Oh, yeah! Isn't that when sediment like sand or mud gets stirred up and mixes with water，and then this mixer kind of flows through the water around it, right?B: Good!A: Um, but I thought that only happened in rivers.B: Well, yes. This does occur in rivers, but we see turbidity currents deep in the ocean as well.A: But how do they get started there?B: Earthquakes mostly, when an earthquake occurs under water, it throws up tremendous amounts of mud or sand that becomes suspended in a layer of water near the bottom of the ocean. This layer is so much denser and heavier than other ocean water that if flows right down the slopes of the ocean floor and gains more and more speed as it moves along. Then it's just like the winds blowing across the desert, picking up sand from one place and moving it along and finally dropping it somewhere else.31：What is the main topic of the discussion?32：What does the professor ask the student to explain?33：How is a turbidity current different from the water around it?34：According to the professor, how do earthquakes cause turbidity currents?35：Why does the professor mention desert winds?Questions 36–39A: Hey Neal, now that the midterms are over a bunch of us are getting away for the weekend to go canoeing. Wanna come along'?B: Well, um, it'd be great to get away, but I've never done it before.A: None of the others have either except for me. I went once last fall. But there'll be an instructor in each canoe the first day.B: I don't know.A: Oh, come on. This is our last chance to take a break before finals. The scenery is beautiful, and if it gets too hot we can dive in whenever we feel like it. The river's really calm this time of the year, no rapids(急流) to deal with.B: That's a relief. What would I have to bring?A: Let's see. Tom's bringing food for the Friday night cookout（郊游野餐）for everyone. And the people who run the trip have tents set up and they supply food and drinks for all day Saturday. On the way back Sunday morning we'll stop somewhere for breakfast. So, you just have to bring a bathing suit(泳衣) and a sleeping hag.B: Well, I do love camping and sleeping out. Where is this place?A: Well, it's about an hour and a half to the place where we meet the trip leaders. We leave our car there and they drive us and the canoes upriver to the place where we start canoeing.B: And who's driving us to the meeting place?A: Well, I was hoping we could take your car. Mine's in the shop again.B: Oh, I see. It's not me you want, it's my car.A: Don't be silly. So what would you say?B: Oh, why not!A: Great I'll give you a call after I find out when everyone wants to leave on Friday.36：What is the main reason the woman calls the man?37：What is one thing the man has to bring?38：What does the man say he enjoys doing?39：What does the woman need to talk to the man again?Part CQuestion 40-42In the 18th century French economists protested the excessive regulation of business by the government. Their motto was laisser faire（自由主义）. Laisser faire means let the people do as they choose. In the economic sense, this meant that while the government should be responsible for things likemaintaining peace and protecting property fights, it should not interfere with private business. It shouldn't create regulations that might hinder business growth, nor should it be responsible for providing subsidies to help. In other words, governments should take hands off approach to business. For a while in the United States, laisser faire was a popular doctrine. But things quickly changed. After the Civil War, politicians rarely opposed the government’s generous support of business owners. They were only too glad to support government land grants and loans to railroad owners for example. Their regulations kept tariffs high and that helped protect American industrialists against foreign competition. Ironically in the late 19th century, a lot of people believed that the laisser faire policy was responsible for the countries industrial growth. It was generally assumed that because business owners did not have a lot of external restrictions placed on them by the government, they could pursue their own interests, and this was what made them so successful. But in fact, many of these individuals would not have been able to meet their objective if not for government support.40：What is the talk mainly about?41：Who first used the motto laisser faire?42：What is the principle idea of the laisser faire policy?Question 43-46Let's begin today by discussing enzymes. Enzymes are what make many of the body's biochemical reactions possible. Actually biochemical reactions can take place without them, but at much lower rates. In fact an enzyme may cause a reaction to proceed billions of times faster than it would otherwise. Before I go on to the biochemical specifics of how this works, let me provide a figurative example. I think it will help illustrate the power of enzymes more clearly. Now, suppose you got a bag and you put a bunch of locks in it, just small padlocks（挂锁）. Then you put in all the keys that go with the locks. And you closed the bag and shook it hard. No matter how long you shook, chances are very small that any key would get inserted in any of the locks. But if you took them all out of the bag and this time used your hands to insert the keys in the locks, you could combine them much quicker.Enzymes act like your hands, quickly allowing chemical reactions that would otherwise take much longer. Now, there are 2 reasons that enzymes are so effective at enabling biochemical reactions. First enzymes greatly reduce the amount of energy required to start the reactions, and with less energy needed the reactions can proceed a lot faster than they could without the enzyme. The second reason is that on a small amount of an enzyme is needed to enable the biochemical reaction. That's because the chemical structure of the enzyme itself does not become altered as if enables the reaction. So a single enzyme can be used to start the same biochemical reaction over and over again.43：What is the talk mainly about?44：What point does the professor make about an enzyme when it is involved in a biochemical reaction? 45：What do enzymes do to help start a biochemical reaction?46：Why does the professor talk about locks and keys?Question 47-50Today I'd like to talk about the sculptor Henry Moore, in particular the ideas his work is based on, and also how he viewed the medium of sculpture. Moore said that to appreciate sculpture a person needs to respond to form in all of its 3 dimensions. He believed that this is more difficult than responding to art that is done on a flat surface, a surface such as canvas that has only 2 dimensions. For example, when you're looking at a painting you don't have to walk around it. You don't relate to form and shape in the same way you do when looking a sculpture. Moore paid great attention to shapes in nature such as that of bones and shells and stones. He thought that if you could appreciate the shape of something simple, like a stone then you could go on to appreciate more complex forms. He noticed that many of thestones he picked up had holes in them. One distinctive feature of Moore's sculpture is his use of holes or opening to emphasize that he is indeed working in a 3 dimensional medium. He believed that the shape of hole itself could have much meaning as that of solid mass, and could even help create a sense of mass or volume. Moore was also interested in representing the human figure, which he sculpted in such materials as bronze, stone, and wood. His sculptures of humans contained one person as in the work reclining figure or several people as in the sculpture family group.47：What is the talk mainly about?48：According to Henry Moore, why is sculpture more difficult to appreciate than other forms of art? 49：Why does the professor mention bones and shells?50：What is one well-known feature of Henry Moore's sculptures?。

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2001年10月TOEFL试题Section One: Listening Comprehension1. (A) He's disappointed with his interview.(B) He had to cancel his interview.(C) He doesn't want to discuss the interview now.(D) He shouldn't have applied for the job.2 . (A) Have a cookie.(B) Make cookies with the woman.(C) Give the woman a cookie.(D) Take a cookie for his roommate.3. (A) He felt better an hour ago,(B) His headache should be gone in an hour,(C) He forgot to take the medicine for his headache.(D) His head still hurts.4. (A) She hasn't spoken to her friend in a long time.(B) She intends to visit her friend in Texas.(C) She sometimes travels abroad for her job.(D) Her friend has never been to Texas before.5. (A) Meet at the bus stop.(B) Finish their candy bars.(C) Get off the bus at the next stop.(D) Meet in front of the rest rooms.6. (A) He won't be able to repair the briefcase.(B) The repair shop is closed until Tuesday.(C) The woman should buy a smaller briefcase.(D) The briefcase will be ready before Tuesday.7. (A) Find out how much work will be required for the class.(B) Take another class instead of creative writing(C) Ask his advisor about the instructor in the Wednesday class.(D) Sign up for the Wednesday class.8. (A) He'll take his friends to Florida.(B) He's not sure what he'll do.(C) He planned his trip a long time ago.(D) He'd rather not travel during spring break.9. (A) He thinks clothing prices will decrease even further.(B) He's going to go shopping soon.(C) He didn't know that stores were having sales now.(D) He wants to see what the woman bought.10. (A) She's glad the man waited for her.(B) She'd like to reschedule the meeting.(C) She wasn't very late for the meeting.(D) She's sorry that she missed the meeting.11. (A) She'11 play chess with the man this afternoon.(B) She doesn't know how to play chess.(C) She'll wear a warm jacket to the match.(D) She'd rather not go out with the man.12. (A) She originally proposed it.(B) She doesn't think it's a good idea.(C) She's quite sure it will take place.(D) Its success depends on the weather.13. (A) Not all of the advertised books were on sale.(B) Some of the books were still packed.(C) The store was too crowded for him to enter.(D) He had to work at the bookstore this morning.14. (A)She's not sure she wants to go to the party.(B) She just returned from a visit to the Andersons.(C) She may not be able to give the man a ride.(D) The party isn't on Friday.15. (A) She'll continue to use the Laundromat near the dorms.(B) She recently switched Laundromats.(C) She doesn't use the same Laundromat the man uses.(D) The Laundromat near the dorms isn't converunent for her.16.(A) Try to change his reservations to a different time.(B) Travel by train instead of by plane.(C) Continue trying to get a ticket.(D) Cancel his travel plans.17. (A) They should wait for him.(B) They should go without him.(C) He'll try to join them later.(D) They should bring him some pizza.18. (A) The jobs have already been filled.(B) The man should hand in his application very soon.(C) The man can start work today.(D) The man isn't qualified for any of the jobs.19. (A) She read only half of the book.(B) The man should choose a different book to read(C) The man will enjoy the book eventually. enter.(D) The main characters in the hook aren't interesting.20. (A) He can't get a room at the hotel.(B) He didn't get the type of room he wanted.(C) He expected the room to be more expensive.(D) He thought he had already made a reservation.21. (A) If he can help her fill out a job application.(B) If he knows of any job openings with his former employer.(C) If he'11 be returning to the camp where he worked last year.(D) If he enjoyed the job he had last summer.22. (A) Susan might not be a member of the debate team.(B) Susan often wears purple shirts.(C) He doesn't want to go to the debate.(D) He didn't notice what Susan was wearing.23. (A) She's rarely home.(B) She spends a lot of time on the phone.(C) She's been away for several days.(D) She makes calls only when necessary.24. (A) Visit her more often.(B) Stop arguing in front of other people.(C) Call her if they need her help. (D) Give her their new address.25. (A) Give the woman more time to write her paper.(B) Visit the woman in the hospital.(C) Refuse to accept the woman's paper.(D) Let the woman change the topic of her paper.26. (A) He doesn't like wearing one.(B) He doesn't feel professional wearing one.(C) He doesn't wear one in his department.(D) He doesn't want to pay for one.27. (A) She saw a nail in the man's tire.(B) The man shouldn't drive on the tire.(C) The man may not need a new tire.(D) She also needs air in her tires.28. (A) She'll be on the same airplane as the man.(B) She doesn't take very good n o t e .(C) She's looking for a ride to the airport.(D) She can't help the man.29. (A) The woman looks tired.(B) He doesn't want to move.(C) Richardson Dormitory is particularly noisy.(D) Richardson Dormitory is boring.30. (A) It wasn't open on Mondays.(B) Its opening had been postponed.(C) It was going to close before Monday.(D) It didn't deserve the praise I received.31. (A) The strength of ocean currents.(B) The movement of sediment deep in the ocean.(C) The best methods for studying deep ocean processes.(D) A new way of measuring the depth of the ocean.32. (A) Why the book talks about turbidity currents.(B) How winds can affect some ocean currents.(C) The causes of underwater earthquakes.(D) What a turbidity current is.33. (A) It's cleaner.(B) it's heavier.(C) It's warmer.(D) It moves more slowly.34. (A) By greatly increasing the ocean's depth insome areas.(B) By creating large waves on the surfaceof the ocean.(C) By causing mud or sand to mix with ocean water(D) By crushing large amounts of stone.35. (A) To explain how winds cause turbidity currents.(B) To remind the student where ocean sediments originate.(C) To explain the effects of turbidity currents.(D) To remind the student about the next assignment.36. (A) To convince him to go on a canoe trip.(B) To invite him to a cookout.(C) To ask if she can borrow his car.(D) To tell him about a trip she took.37. (A) A lunch.(B) A sleeping bag.(C) A canoe.(D) A lent.38. (A) Swimming.(B) Driving.(C) Sleeping outdoors.(D) Canoeing.39. (A) To find out whether he wants to go canoeing.(B) To tell him whether her car is repaired.(C) To find out what kind of food he is bringing.(D) To tell him what time they are leaving.40. (A) Competition in business.(B) Government grants.(C) A type of economic policy.(D) International transportation practices.41. (A) American industrialists.(B) French economists.(C) International leaders.(D) Civil War veterans.42. (A) The rights of private business owners should be protected.(B) The government shouldn't interfere in private business.(C) Politicians should support industrial growth.(D) Competition among companies should be restricted.43. (A) The impact of enzymes on chemical reactions.(B) The way the body produces enzymes.(C) The structure of enzymes.(D) Types of chemical products created with enzymes.44. (A) It divides into Two different parts.(B) It keeps the same chemical structure.(C) It becomes part of a new chemical compound.(D) It produces more of the enzyme.45. (A) Provide extra energy to start the reaction.(B) Raise the temperature of the chemicals.(C) Release a chemical needed to start the reaction.(D) Lower the amount of energy needed to start the reaction.46. (A) To show that enzymes are very effective.(B) To point out that enzymes can sometimes fail to work.(C) To explain what enzymes are made of.(D) To describe different types of enzymes.47. (A) The relationship between painting and sculpture.(B) The ideas behind an artist's work.(C) The practical value of a work of art.(D) The way the eye perceives shape in sculpture.48. (A) It is often displayed outdoors.(B) It does not always represent an object.(C) It is three-dimensional.(D) It is done by relatively few artists.49. (A) To give an example of natural shapes.(B) To describe early sculpture.(C) To illustrate their use as tools.(D) To demonstrate their role as decorative objects.50. (A) They are always made of stone.(B) They are painted in bright colors. (C) They contain moving parts.(D) They make use of holes.Section Two: Structure and Written Expression1. Most geologists believe—from the remains of tiny marine plants and animals that died millions of years ago.(A) what was formed petroleum(B) that petroleum was formed(C) when petroleum formed(D) petroleum that formed2. The seat of France's North American holdings in the eighteenth century was Quebec, and the French heritage—dominant there.(A) to remain(B) remaining(C) by remaining(D) has remained3. If Earth did not rotate, differences in air pressure would be —, with winds blowing from high-pressure to low-pressure areas.(A) primary air flow to cause(B) the primary cause of air flow(C) they primarily cause air flow(D) air flow has a primary cause4. A mobile is a sculpture constructed of pans so delicately connected and balanced—the entire suspended structure may be moved by vibration or manual manipulation.(A) in order(B) making(C) with(D) that5. The ice of a glacier that reaches the sea breaksoff—.(A) and forming icebergs(B) to form icebergs(C) icebergs have-formed(D) when the formation of icebergs6. Migraine headaches are more frequent among women— among men.(A) than(B) however(C) except for(D) as air7. South American flamingos can survive in temperatures—above the freeing point.(A) that fewer degrees(B) if few degrees (C) only a few degrees(D) when fewer degrees8. Made of hard wood, the boomerang is roughlyV-shaped, with arms— skewed(A) of slightly(B) are slightly(C) slightly(D) that those are slightly9. Not until the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries—as a unified science.(A) did ecology emerge(B) when ecology emerged(C) ecology emerged(D) when did ecology emerge10. The ancient Egyptian water clock required sophisticated calibration, since water dripped faster from its bowl when — and the pressure was greater.(A) the full bowl(B) was the bowl full(C) bowl full(D) the bowl was full11. Enid, Oklahoma, —a stopping place on die Chisholm Trail in the 1800's, is now the siteof the fourth largest wheat storage space inthe world(A) originally(B) which originally(C) was originally(D) originally where12. The common barn owl, one of ten species of barn owls found in North America, is also called the monkey-faced owl because itsheart-shaped face looks — of a monkey.(A) like much that(B) like that much(C) much like that(D) that much like13. All the planets in the solar system except Mercury and Venus have natural satellites, — objects that revolve around the planets.(A) which(B) which are(C) of which(D) and which14. Some subsistence activities such as hunting large animals or netting fish require — towork together.(A) goups are(B) groups which(C) groups(D) that groups15. The Expressionistic artist was concerned not with the reality of the subject matter but with — inner nature and the emotions that it aroused(A) it has(B) its(C) what its(D) is it whether16．By the end of the nineteenth century, organic chemistry had develop new methods for the A B Csynthesis of dyes, perfumes, explosives, and medicines.D17．The Dinee, a Native American people of the southwestern United States, were onceA Bseminomadic hunters who practiced a few agriculture.C D18．The earliest successful sewing machines were powered by turn a hand crank.A B C D19．Early signs characteristic of the acute phase of viral hepatitis in adults are abdominalA B Cpain, nausea, and feverish often accompanied by chills.D20．The Guggenheim Museum in New York City is one of the major center for the collection A Band display of works of abstract art in the United State.C D21．With the discovery of gold in the Klondike in Canada’s Yukon Territory in 1896, people A Bflocked soon there from all parts of the world.C D22．The right side of the brain is mostly concerned with pictorial, intuitive, musically andA B Cspatial ablilities.D23．A uniform mingling of molecules, which it occurs in homogeneous chemical compounds, Aresults from the chemical constituents melting, dissolving, or diffusing into one another.B C D 24．Many dinosaurs were so much heavy that they spent most of their lives in swamps andA Bshallow lakes where water could support them.C D25．With little nor no mass and no electric charge, neutrinos can penetrate a solid objectA Bsuch as the Earth as if it were not there.C D26．Georgia O’Keeffe is known for hers use of organic, abstract forms painted in clear,A B Cstrong colors.D27．Until the George Washington Bridge was built, modern suspension bridges were stiffened A Bwith steel trusses and beams to limited their motion in traffic and wind.C D28．First reported by Spanish explorers in 1796, the asphalt in California’s La Brea Tar PitA Bwas mined commercial for many years.C D29．Independence political of newspapers became a common feature of journalism in theA B C DUnited States of the 1840’s and 1850’s.30．Transistors exhibit a high amplification factor, operate without distorted over a wideA B Cfrequency range, and can be made extremely small.D31．In most cases of epilepsy, cerebral electrical activity, also known as brain waves,Ademonstrates a characteristically abnormal rhythms.B C D32．New York City’s theatrical district was concentrated the Bowery from 1860 to 1875, and A Baround 1900 the avenue became a center for the Yiddish theater.C D33．Most female lizards lay eggs, but the females of a number of lizard species bear herA B C Dyoung alive.34．Recently archaeologists have strived to develop theories, based on archaeological evident, A B Cthat explain societal changes such as the development of farming..D35．One of the most impressive cultural achievements of the United State during the 1920’s A Bwas a vastly outpouring of serious literature.C D36．The chemical element chlorine is a corrosive, greenish-yellow gas that has sharp odorA B Cand has 21/2 times heavier than air.D37．Hair grows more quickly in summer than in winter and more slowly at the night thanA B Cduring the day.D38．Different fourteen crops were being grown 8,600 years ago by some of the world’sA B Cearliest farmers.D39．Between 1905 and 1907, floodwaters from the Colorado River poured into aA B Csalt-covered depression and creating the Salton Sea.D40．Saturn takes almost 30 Earth years to make one trip around the Sun, during JupiterA Btakes about twelve Earth years to complete one solar revolution.C DSection Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestion 1-9Composers today use a wider variety of sounds than ever before, including manythat were once considered undesirable noises. Composer Edgard Varese (1883-1965) called thus the "liberation of sound...the right to make music with any and all sounds."Line Electronic music, for example—made with the aid of computers, synthesizers, and (5) electronic instruments—may include sounds that in the past would not have beenconsidered musical. Environmental sounds, such as thunder, and electronically generated hisses and blips can be recorded, manipulated, and then incorporated into a musicalcomposition. But composers also draw novel sounds from voices and nonelectronicinstruments. Singers may be asked to scream, laugh, groan, sneeze, or to sing phonetic(10) sounds rather than words. Wind and string players may lap or scrape their instruments.A brass or woodwind player may hum while playing, to produce two pitches at once;apianist may reach inside the piano to pluck a string and then run a metal blade along it. In the music of the Western world, the greatest expansion and experimentation have involved percussion instruments, which outnumber strings and winds in many recent compositions.(15) Traditional percussion instruments are struck with new types of beaters; and instrumentsthat used to be couriered unconvennonal in Western music—tom-toms, bongos,slapsticks, maracas—are widelv used.In the search for novel sounds, increased use has been made in Western music ofMicrotones.Non-Western music typically divides and interval between two pitches more (20) finely than Western music does, thereby producing a greter number of distinct tones,or micro tones, within the same interval. Composers such as Krzysztof Pmderecki create sound that borders on electronic noise through tone clusters—closely spaced tones played together and heard as a mass, block, or band of sound. The directional aspect of sound has taken on new importance as well Loudspeakers or groups of instruments may be placed (25) at opposite ends of the stage, in the balcony, or at the back and sides of the auditorium.Because standard music notation makes no provision for many of these innovations,recent music scores may contain graphlike diagrams, new note shapes and symbols, and novel ways of arranging notation on the page.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The use of nontraditional sounds in contemporary music(B) How sounds are produced electronically(C) How standard musical notation has beer, adapted for nontraditional sounds (D) Several composers who have experimented with the electronic production of sound2. The word "wider" in one 1 is closest in meaning to(A) more impressive(B) more distinctivc(C) more controversial(D) more extensive3. The passage suggests that Edgard Varese is an example of a composer who(A) criticized eletronic music as too noiselike(B) modified sonic of the electronic instruments he used in his music(C) believed that any sound could be used inmusic(D) wrote music with environmental themes4. The word "it" in line 12 refers to(A) piano(B)string(C) blade(D) music5. According to the passage, which of the following types of instruments has played a role in much of the innovation in Western music?(A)String(B) Percussion(C) Woodwind(D) Brass6. The word "thereby" m line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) in return for(B) in spite of(C) by the way(D) by that means7. According to the passage, Krzysziof Pendereckj is known for which of the following practices?(A) Using tones that are clumped together(B) Combining traditional and nontradinonal instruments(C) Seating musicians in unusual areas of an auditorium(D) Playing Western music for non-Western audiences8. According to the passage, which of the following would be considered traditional elements of Western music?(A) Microtones(B) Tom-toms and bongos(C) Pianos(D) Hisses9. In paragraph 3, the author mentions diagrams as an example of a new way to(A) chart the history of innovation in musical notation(B) explain the logic of standard musical notation(C) design and develop electronic instruments(D) indicate how particular sounds should be producedQuestions 10-19What unusual or unique biological train led to the remarkable diversification andunchallenged success of the ants for ever 50 million years? The answer appears to be that they were the first group of predatory ensocial insects that both lived and foraged Line primarily in the soil and in rotting vegetation on the ground. Eusocial refers tc a form (5) of insect society characterized by specialization of tasks and cooperative care of theyoung; it is rare among insects. Richly organized colonies of the land made possibleby eusociality enjoy several key advantages over solitary individuals.Under most circumstances groups of workers arc better able to forage for food anddefend the nest, because they can switch from individual to group response and back (10) again swiftly and according to need. When a food object or nest intruder is too large forone individual to handle, nestmates can be quickly assembled by alarm or recruitment signals. Equally important is the fact that the execution of multiple-step tasks isaccomplished in a series-parallel sequence. That is, individual ants can specialize inparticular steps, moving from one object (such as a larva to be fed) to another (a second (15) larva to be fed). They do not need to carry each task to completion from start to finish—.for example, to check the larva first, then collect the food, then feed the larva. Hence, if each link in the chain has many workers in attendance, a senes directed at any particular object is less likely to fail. Moreover, ants specializing in particular labor categoriestypically constitute a caste specialized by age or body form or both. There has bees some (20) documentation of the superiority in performance and net energetic yield of various castesfor their modal tasks, although careful experimental studies are still relatively few.What makes ants unusual in the company of eusocial insects is the fact that they arethe only eusocial predators (predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals) occupying the soil and ground litter. The eusocial termites live in the same places as antsand also have wingless workers, but they feed almost exclusively on dead vegetation. l0. Which of the following questions does thepassage primarily answer?(A) How do individual ants adapt to specialized tasks?(B) What are the differences between social and solitary insects?(C) Why are ants predators?(D) Why have ants been able to thrive forsuch a long time?11. The word "unique" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) inherited(B) habitual(C) singular(D) natural12. The word "rotting" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) decaying(B) collected(C) expanding(D) cultivated13. The word "key" in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) uncommon(B) important(C) incidental(D) temporary14. According to the passage, one thing eusocial insects can do is rapidly switch from(A) one type of food consumption to another(B) one environment to another(C) a solitary task to a group task(D) a defensive to an offensive stance 15. The task of feeding larvae is mentioned in thepassage to demonstrate(A) the advantages of specialization(B) the type of food that larvae are fed(C) the ways ant colonies train their youngfor adult tasks(D) the different stages of ant development16. The author uses the word "Hence" in line 16 to indicate(A) a logical conclusion(B) the next step in a senes of steps(C) a reason for further study(D) the relationship among ants17. All of the following terms art defined in the passage EXCEPT(A) eusocial (line 3)(B) series-parallel sequence (line 13)(C) caste (line 19)(D) predators (line 23)18. The word "they" in line 25 refers to(A) termites(B)ants(C) places(D) predators19. It can be inferred from the passage that one main difference between termites and ants is that termites(A) live above ground(B) are eusocial(C) protect their nests(D) eat almost no animal substancesQuestions 20-29Glaciers are large masses of ice on land that show evidence of past or presentmovement. They grow by the gradual transformation of snow into glacier ice.A fresh snowfall is a fluffy mass of loosely packed snowflakes, small delicate iceconstals grown in the atmosphere. As the snow ages on the ground for weeks or months, (5) the crystals shrink and become more compact, and the whole mass becomes squeezedtogether into a more dense form, granular snow. As new snow falls and buries the older snow, the layers of granular snow further compact to form firm, a much denser kind of snow, usually a year or more old, which has little pore space. Further burial and slow cementation—a process by which crystals become bound together in a mosaic of (10) intergrown ice crystals—finally produce solid glacial ice. In this process ofrecrystallization, the growth of new crystals at the expense of old ones, the percentage ofair is reduced from about 90 percent for snowflakes to less than 20 percent for glacier ice.The whole process may take as little as a few years, but more likely ten or twenty years or longer. The snow is usually many meters deep by the time the lower layers art convened (15) into ice.In cold glaciers those formed in the coldest regions of the Earth, the entire mass of ice is at temperatures below the melting point and no free water exists. In temperate glaciers, the ice is at the melting point at every pressure level within the glacier, and free water is present as small drops or as larger accumulations in tunnels within or beneath the ice. (20) Formation of a glacier is complete when ice has accumulated to a thickness (and thusweight) sufficient to make it move slowly under pressure, in much the same way that solid rock deep within the Earth can change shape without breaking. Once that point is reached, the ice flows downhill, either as a tongue of ice filling a valley or as thick ice cap that flows out in directions from the highest central area where the most snow accumulates.The up down leads to the eventual melting of ice.20. Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The effect of glaciers on climate(B) Damage from glaciers(C) Glacier formation(D) The location of glaciers21. Which of the following will cause density within the glacier to increase?(A) Increased water and air content(B) Pressure from the weight of new snow(C) Long periods of darkness and temperature variations(D) Movement of the glacier22. The word "bound" in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) covered(B) chosen(C) planned(D) held23. Which of the following will be lost isa glacier forms?(A) Air(B) Pressure(C) Weight(D) Rocks24. According to the passage, which of the following is the LEAST amount of time necessary for glacial ice to form?(A) Several months(B) Several years(C) At least fifty years(D) A century 25. The word "converted" in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) changed(B) delayed(C) promoted(D) dissolved26. What is the purpose of the material in paragraph three (lines 16-19)(A) To define two types of glaciers(B) To contrast glacier ice with non-glacierice(C) To present theories of glacier formation(D) To discuss the similarities betweenglacial types27. In temperate glaciers, where is water found?(A) Only near the surface(B) In pools a: various depths(C) In a thin layer below the firm(D) In tunnels28. The word "it" in line 21 refers to(A) formation(B) ice(C) thickcess(D) weight29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that a glacier(A) can revert to a fluffy mass(B) maintains the same shape throuthout the glacial process(C) is too cold to be thoroughly studied(D) can contribute water to lakes, rivers, or oceans。