1998年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案
之1998年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案1998年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案一、阅读理解第1题：A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin deep. One’s physical assets and liabilities don’t count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not so beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.Un American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group-college students, or teachers or corporate personnel mangers-a piece of paper relating an individual’s accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted.Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire (追求) to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.1. According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager ________.A) a person’s property or debts do not matter muchB) a person’s outward appearance is not a critical qual ificationC) women should always dress fashionablyD) women should not only be attractive but also high minded2. The result of research carried out by social scientists show that ________.A) people do not realize the importance of looking one’s bestB) women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid wellC) good looking women aspire to managerial positionsD) attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not3. Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes ________.A) they observe the principle that beauty is only skin deepB) they do not usually act according to the views they supportC) they give ordinary looking persons the lowest ratingsD) they tend to base their judgment on the individual’s accomplishments4. “Good looks cut both ways for women” (Line 1, Para. 5) means that ________.A) attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobsB) good looking women always get the best of everythingC) being attractive is not always an advantage for womenD) attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions5. It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world ________.A) handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women areB) physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite wellC) physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite wellD) good looks are important for women as they are for men1小题>、【正确答案】：B2小题>、【正确答案】：D3小题>、【正确答案】：B4小题>、【正确答案】：C5小题>、【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第2题：Not content with its doubtful claim to produce cheap food for our own population, the factory farmin g industry also argues that “hungry nations are benefiting from advances made by the poultry (家禽) industry”. In fact, rather than helping the fight against malnutrition (营养不良) in “hungry nations,” the spread of factory farming has, inevitably aggravated th e problem.Large scale intensive meat and poultry production is a waste of food resources.This is because more protein has to be fed to animals in the form of vegetable matter than can ever be recovered in the form of meat. Much of the food value is lost in the animal’s process of digestion and cell replacement. Neither, in the ca se of chicken, can one eat feathers, blood, feet or head. In all, only about 44% of the live animal fits to be eaten as meat.This means one has to feed approximately 9—10 times as much food value to the animal than one can consume from the carcass. As a system for feeding the hungry, the effects can prove disastrous. At times of crisis, grain is the food of life.Nevertheless, the huge increase in poultry production throughout Asia and Africa continues. Normally British or US firms are involved. For instance, an American based multinational company has this year announced its involvement in projects in several African countries. Britain’s largest suppliers chickens, Ro ss Breeders, are also involved in projects all over the world.Because such trade is good for exports, Western governments encourage it. In 1979, a firmin Bangladesh called Phoenix Poultry received a grant to set up a unit of 6,000 chickens and 18,000 laying hens. This almost doubled the number of poultry kept in the country all at once.But Bangladesh lacks capital, energy and food and has large numbers of unemployed. Such chicken raising demands capital for building and machinery, extensive use of energy resources for automation, and involves feeding chickens with potential famine relief protein food. At present, one of Bangladesh’s main imports is food grains, because the country is unable to grow enough food to feed its population. On what then can they possibly feed the chicken?1. In this passage the author argues that ________.A) efficiency must be raised in the poultry industryB) raising poultry can provide more protein than growing grainC) factory farming will do more harm than good to developing countriesD) hungry nations may benefit from the development of the poultry industry2. According to the author, in factory, vegetable food ________.A) is easy for chickens to digestB) is insufficient for the needs of poultryC) is fully utilised in meat and egg productionD) is inefficiently converted into meat and eggs3. Western governments encourage the poultry industry in Asia because they regard it as an effective way to ________.A) boost their own exportsB) alleviate malnutrition in Asian countriesC) create job opportunities in Asian countriesD) promote the exports of Asian countries4. The word “carcass” (Line 2, Para. 3) most probably means “________”.A) vegetables preserved for future useB) the dead body of an animal ready to be cut into meatC) expensive food that consumers can hardly affordD) meat canned for future consumption5 What the last paragraph tells us is the author’s ________.A) detailed analysis of the ways of raising poultry in BangladeshB) great appreciation of the development of poultry industry in BangladeshC) critical view on the development of the poultry industry in BangladeshD) practical suggestion for the improvement of the poultry industry in Bangladesh1小题>、【正确答案】：C2小题>、【正确答案】：D3小题>、【正确答案】：A4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无第3题：We all have offensive breath at one time or another. In most cases, offensive breath emanates from bacteria in the mouth, although there are other more causes.Until a few years ago, the most doctors could do was to counsel patients with bad breath about oral cleanliness. Now they are finding new ways to treat the usually curable condition.Bad breath can happen whenever the normal flow of saliva (唾液) slows. Our mouths are full of bacteria feeding on protein in bits of food and shed tissue. The bacteria emit evil smelling gases, the worst of which is hydrogen sulfide (硫化物).Mouth bacteria thrive in airless conditions. Oxygen rich saliva keeps their numbers down. When we sleep, for example, the saliva stream slows, and sulfur producing bacteria gain the upper hand, producing classic “morning breath”.Alcohol hunger, too much talking, breathing through the mouth during exercise anything that dr ies the mouth produces bad breath. So can stress, though it’s not understood why. Some people’s breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview.Saliva flow gradually slows with age, which explains why the elderly have more bad breath trouble than younger people do. Babies, however, who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.For most of us, the simple, dry mouth variety of bad breath is easily cured. Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria. Breakfast often stops morning breath.Those with chronic dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum, hard candy, or a bottle of water or juice around. Brushing the teeth wipes out dry mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria.Surprisingly, one thing that rarely works is mouthwash. The liquid can mask bad breath odor with its own smell, but the effect lasts no more than an hour. Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria respon sible for bad breath. The trouble is, they don’t necessarily reach all offending germs. Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus (粘液). If the mouthwash contains alcohol-as most do-it can intensify the problem by drying out the mouth.1. The phrase “emanate from” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “________”.A) thrive onB) account forC) originate fromD) descend from2. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?A) Tooth trouble.B) Sulfur rich food.C) Too much exercise.D) Mental strain.3. According to the passage, alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because ________.A) it keeps offending bacteria from reproducingB) its smell adds to bad breathC) it kills some helpful bacteriaD) it affects the normal flow of saliva4. Mouthwashes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because ________.A) they can’t mask the bad odor long enoughB) they can’t get to all the off ending bacteriaC) their strong smell mixes with bad breath and makes it worseD) they can’t cover the thick layers of mucus5. We can infer from this passage that ________.A) offensive breath can’t easily be curedB) elderly people are less offended by bad breathC) heavy drinkers are less affected by bad breathD) offensive breath is less affected by alcohol1小题>、【正确答案】：C2小题>、【正确答案】：D3小题>、【正确答案】：D4小题>、【正确答案】：B5小题>、【正确答案】：A【参考解析】：无第4题：“Welcome to the U.S.A.! Major Credit cards accepted!”By the millions they are coming no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched mass longing for a better living. These are the wealthy. “We don’t have a budget,” says a biologist from Brazil, as she walks with two companions through New York C ity’s South Street. “We just use our credit cards.”The U.S. has long been one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations, but this year has been exceptional. First there was the World Cup, which drew thousands from every corner of the globe; then came the weakening of the U.S. dollar against major currencies. Now the U.S., still the world’s superpower, can also claim to be the world’s bargain basement (廉价商品部). Nobody undersells America these days on just about everything, from consumer electronics to fashion clothes to tennis rackets. Bottom retail prices-anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia-have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $79 billion in 1994. That’s up from $74 billion the year befo re.True, not everyone comes just for brains. There remains an undeniable fascination in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood films and U.S. television series. But shopping the U.S.A. is proving irresistible. Every week thousands arrive with empty suitcases ready to be filled; some even rent an additional hotel room to hold their purchases. The buying binge (无节制) has become as important as watching Old Faithful Fountains erupt in Yellowstone Park or sunbathing on a beach in Florida.The U.S. has come at last to appreciate what other countries learned long ago: the pouring in of foreign tourists may not always be convenient, but is does put money in the bank. And with a trade deficit at about $130 billion and growing for the past 12 months, the U.S. needs all the deposits it can get. Compared with American tourists abroad, visitors to the U.S. stay longer and spend more money at each stop; an average of 12.2 night and $1624 a traveller versus the American s’ four nights and $298.1. From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that tourists like her ________.A) are reluctant to carry cash with themB) simply don’t care how much they spendC) are not good at planning their expenditureD) often spend more money than they can afford2. The reason why 1994 was exceptional is that ________.A) it saw an unusually large number of tourists to the U.S.B) it witnessed a drop in the number of tourists to the U.S.C) tourism was hardly affected by the weakening of the U.S. dollar that yearD) tourists came to the U.S. for sightseeing rather than for bargains that year3. By saying “nobody undersells America” (Line 4, Para. 3), the author means that ________.A) no other country underestimates the competitiveness of American productsB) nobody expects the Americans to cut the prices of their commoditiesC) nobody restrains the selling of American goodsD) no other country sells at a lower price that America4. Why does the author assert that all things American are fascinating to foreigners?A) Because they have gained much publicity through the American media.B) Because they represent the world’s latest fashions.C) Because they embody the most sophisticated technology.D) Because they are available at all tourist destinations.5. From the passage we can conclude that the U.S. has come to realize ________.A) the weakening if the U.S. dollar can result in trade deficitsB) the lower the retail prices, the greater the profitsC) tourism can make great contributions to its economyD) visitors to the U.S. are wealthier than U.S. tourists abroad1小题>、【正确答案】：B2小题>、【正确答案】：A3小题>、【正确答案】：D4小题>、【正确答案】：A5小题>、【正确答案】：C【参考解析】：无。
1997年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷及参考答案
1997年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷及参考答案Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the foursuggested answers marked A)，B)，C), and D) and decide which is thebest answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) Their parents cut back the loan.B) The woman doesn’t want Frank to take another English course.C) They can’t pay the rent this month.D) The woman’s boss refused to give her a raise.2. A) Ask Dr. Smith to alter his decision.B) Ask Dr. Smith to call the library.C) Get the book directly from Dr. Smith.D) Get Dr. Smith’s written permission.3. A) $120B) $108C) $90D) $404. A) He feels unsympathetic.B) He feels it’s a pity.C) He feels it’s unfair.D) He feels glad.5. A) Doing business.B) Taking pictures.C) Buying cameras.D) Making movies.6. A) Looking for an apartment.B) Looking for a job.C) Taking a suburban excursion.D) Asking the man for his opinions.7. A) She’ll go to her uncle’s.B) She has an appointment with her friend.C) She’ll have an appointment with her friend.D) She’ll have a visitor.8. A) He made a sudden turn.B) He drove the bus over a bicycle.C) He tried to avoid hitting the truck.D) He was driving too fast.9. A) He is curious.B) He is impatient.C) He is exhausted.D) He is satisfied.10. A) She didn’t know how to use the new oven.B) She wanted her refrigerator to be fixed.C) There is something wrong with the oven.D) There is something wrong with the food.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) Because he led his teams to many championships.B) Because he set as many as 65 different records.C) Because he still played the game after he retired.D) Because he didn’t stop playing even when he was seriously injured.12. A) He lost the final chance to win a championship.B) He was knocked out during one contest.C) He broke a bone in the wrist during a match.D) He was awarded with a $1.5 million house.13. A) To break the previous records.B) To buy a luxury house.C) To win one more championship for his team.D) To play against the New York team once again.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) To enjoy a good story.B) To see the actors and actresses.C) To experience an exciting life.D) To escape their everyday life.15. A) They feel that everything on the screen is familiar to them.B) They are touched by the life stories of the actors and actresses.C) They try to turn their dreams into reality.D) They become so involved that they forget their own problems.16. A) Because they are well made and the stories are interesting.B) Because the heroes have to cope with many problems and frustrations.C) Because the characters in the movies are free to do whatever they like.D) Because good guys in the movies always win in the end.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) Because the bottle was empty and useless.B) Because he wanted to lighten the load of his small plane.C) Because the bottle might be useful to the native Africans.D) Because he wanted to amuse the local tribes people.18. A) A message from the outside world.B) A warning from the gods.C) A symbol of misfortune.D) A gift from the gods.19. A) The local Africans are peace loving people.B) Soda bottles are very precious in some remote areas.C) A trivial thing may sometimes bring about undesirable consequences.D) Caution must be taken in introducing new technology.20. A) They thought that the gods were all crazy.B) They were isolated from the outside world.C) They enjoyed living in the peaceful desert.D) They worshipped the gods all the more after the incident.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them the re are fourchoices marked A)，B)，C), and D). you should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what thecomputer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.For example, a certain keypunch (键盘打孔) operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off (向…透露) the company that was being robbed.Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (耍弄) the most confidential records right under the noses of the company’s executives, a accountant, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.21. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.A) it is still impossible to detect computer crimes todayB) computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financialinstitutionsC) computer criminals can escape punishment because they can’t be detectedD) people commit computer crimes at the request their company22. It is implied in the third paragraph that ________.A) many more computer crimes go undetected than are discoveredB) the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problemC) most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimesD) most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their bad luck23. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?A) A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.B) Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information.C) Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation.D) Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes.24. What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught?A) With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job.B) They will be denied access to confidential records.C) They may walk away and easily find another job.D) They must leave the country or go to jail.25. The passage is mainly about ________.A) why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspectionsB) why computer criminals are often able to escape punishmentC) how computer criminals manage to get good recommendation from their formeremployersD) why computer crimes can’t be eliminatedQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without. We live in a consumer society where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds. Moreover, an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment. Such an increase presumes an abundant and cheap energy supply. Many people believe that nuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power and that it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society. There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy. Firstly, nuclear power, except for accidents, is clean. A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff. The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti nuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel. However, opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only to the environment but also to civil liberties.Furthermore, it is questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a cheap source of energy. There have, for example, been very costly accidents in America, in Britain and, of course, in Russia. The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium (铀) in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market. In the long run, environmentalists argue, nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent which could bring about the destruction of the human race. Thus, if we wish to survive, we cannot afford nuclear energy. In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above, nuclear energy programmes are expanding. Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands. However, it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue. Having weighed up the arguments on both sides, it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power.26. The writer’s attitude toward nuclear energy is ________.A) indifferentB) favorableC) tolerantD) negative27. According to the opponents of nuclear energy, which of the following is true ofnuclear energy?A) PrimitiveB) ExhaustibleC) CheapD) Unsafe28. Some people claim that nuclear energy is essential because ________.A) it provides a perfect solution to mass unemploymentB) it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolutionC) it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing societyD) nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical andadministrative staff29. Which of the following statements does the writer support?A) The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing.B) Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without.C) Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons.D) Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energyprogrammes.30. The function of the last sentence is to ________.A) advance the final argumentB) reflect the writer’s attitudeC) reverse previously expressed thoughtsD) show the disadvantages of nuclear powerQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer’s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to manipulate people’s impression of us. Our appearance assumes particular significance in the initial phases of interaction that is likely to occur. An elderly middle class man or woman may be alienated (疏远…) by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person’s education, background, or interests.People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits (套装), including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters, or the announcers who read the news on TV, are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. And collage students who view themselves as taking an active role in their inter-personal relationships say they are concerned about the costumes they must wear to play these roles successfully. Moreover, many of us can relate instances in which the clothing we wore changed the way we felt about ourselves and how we act ed. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you anticipated a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.In the workplace, men have long had well defined precedents and role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business wor ld are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine” and “feminine” attributes they should convey by their professional clothing. The variety of clothing alternatives to women has also been greater than that avail able for men. Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” grooming (打扮)-shorter hair, moderate use of make up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won’t get a job.”31. According to the passage, the way we dress ________.A) provides clues for people who are critical of usB) indicates our likes and dislikes in choosing a careerC) has a direct influence on the way people regard usD) is of particular importance when we get on in age32. From the third paragraph of the passage, we can conclude that young adults tend tobelieve that certain types of clothing can ________.A) change people’s conservative attitudes toward their lifestyleB) help young people make friends with the opposite sexC) make them competitive in the job marketD) help them achieve success in their interpersonal relationships33. The word “precedent” (Line 1, Para. 4) probably refers to ________.A) early acts for men to follow as examplesB) particular places for men to occupy especially because of their importanceC) things that men should agree uponD) men’s beliefs that everything in the world has already been decided34. According to the passage, many career women find themselves in difficultsituations because ________.A) the variety of professional clothing is too wide for them to chooseB) women are generally thought to be only good at being fashion modelsC) men are more favorably judged for managerial positionsD) they are not sure to what extent they should display their feminine qualitiesthrough clothing35. What is the passage mainly about?A) Dressing for effect.B) How to dress appropriately.C) Managerial positions and clothing.D) Dressing for the occasion.Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone’s experience in the organization.Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of AT&T, Coca Cola, Prudential, and Merch. Coleman says that based on what he’s seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%, image, 30%; and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won’t secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are.Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like Coleman, feel that the scales (障眼物) have dropped from their eyes. “Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs,” says Kaleel Jamison, a New York based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. “They think that if you work hard, you’ll get ahead—that someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion.” She adds, “Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they’ve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down (使不突出) their visibility.” Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight. 36. According to the passage, “things formerly judged to be best left unsaid” (Line 2,Para. 1) probably refers to “________”.A) criticisms that shape everyone’s experienceB) the opinions which contradict the established beliefsC) the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eyeD) the ideas which usually come up with usually come up with new ways ofmanagement in the organization37. To achieve success in your career, the most important factor, according to thepassage, is to ________.A) let your superiors know how good you areB) project a favorable image to the people around youC) work as a consultant to your superiorsD) perform well your tasks given by your superiors38. The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they ________.A) know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotionB) want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefsC) don’t want people to think that their promotions were due to sex or colorD) believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or color39. The author is of the opinion that Coleman’s beliefs are ________.A) biasedB) popularC) insightfulD) superficial40. The best title for this passage would be ________.A) Role of Women and Minorities in ManagementB) The Importance of Being VisibleC) Job Performance and AdvancementD) Sex and Career SuccessPart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A)，B)，C), and D). Choose the ONE that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerShe et with a single line through the centre.41. As a ________ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musicalinstruments.A) flexibleC) sophisticatedD) productive42. There are not many teachers who are strong ________ of traditional methods inEnglish teaching.A) sponsorsB) contributorsC) advocatesD) performers43. We managed to reach the top of the mountain, and half an hour later we began to________.A) ascendB) descendC) declineD) plunge44. Competition, they believe, ________ the national character than corrupt it.A) enforcesB) confirmsC) intensifiesD) strengthens45. The accident ________ him of his sight and the use of his legs.A) excludedB) disabledC) deprivedD) gripped46. On weekends my grandma usually ________ a glass of wine.A) subscribes toB) engages inC) hangs onD) indulges in47. The people living in these apartments have free ________ to that swimming pool.A) accessC) excursionD) recreation48. At the party we found that shy girl ________ her mother all the time.A) depending onB) coinciding withC) adhering toD) clinging to49. When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selectspeople ________ and ask them questions.A) at lengthB) at randomC) in essenceD) in bulk50. I think she hurt my feelings ________ rather than by accident as she claimed.A) virtuallyB) deliberatelyC) literallyD) appropriately51. Even though he was guilty, the ________ judge did not send him to prison.A) mercifulB) impartialC) conscientiousD) conspicuous52. The education ________ for the coming year is about $4 billion, which is muchmore than what people expected.A) allowanceB) reservationC) budgetD) finance53. They had fierce ________ as to whether their company should restore the traderelationship which was broken year ago.A) debateC) disagreementD) context54. They tossed your thoughts back and forth for over an hour, but still could not make________ of them.A) impressionB) comprehensionC) meaningD) sense55. The politician says he will ________ the welfare of the people.A) prey onB) take onC) get atD) see to56. If you ________ the bottle and cigarettes, you’ll be much healthier.A) take offB) keep offC) get offD) set off57. He was ________ to steal the money when he saw it lying on the table.A) draggedB) temptedC) elicitedD) attracted58. Beijing somewhat short sighted, she had the habit of ________ at people.A) glancingB) peeringC) gazingD) scanning59. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the ________ majority areinactive.A) tremendousB) demandingC) intensiveD) overwhelming60. In general, matters which lie entirely within state borders are the ________ concernof state governments.A) extinctB) excludingC) excessiveD) exclusive61. The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it containsso many ________ references.A) obscureB) acuteC) notableD) objective62. The mayor was asked to ________ his speech in order to allow his audience to raisequestions.A) constrainB) conductC) condenseD) converge63. The morning news says a school bus ________ with a train at the junction and agroup of policemen were sent there immediately.A) bumpedB) collidedC) crashedD) struck64. Sometimes patients suffering from severe pain can be helped by “drugs” that aren’treally drugs at all ________ sugar pills that contain no active chemical elements.A) or ratherB) rather thanC) but ratherD) other than65. We are writing to the manager ________ the repairs recently carried out at theabove address.A) with the exception ofB) with the purpose ofC) with reference toD) with a view to66. When I said goodbye to her, she ________ the door.A) saw me atB) set me offC) sent me toD) showed me to67. In the meantime, the question facing business is whether such research is ________the costs.A) worthB) worth ofC) worthyD) worthwhile68. During the nineteen years of his career, France Batiste has won the ________ of awide audience outside Italy.A) enjoymentB) appreciationC) evaluationD) reputation69. Although most dreams apparently happen ________, dream activity may beprovoked by external influences.A) spontaneouslyB) simultaneouslyC) homogeneouslyD) instantaneously70. He is holding a ________ position in the company and expects to be promoted soon.A) subordinateB) succeedingC) successiveD) subsequentPart IV Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions orcomplete the statements in the fewest possible words.Joe Templer should have known better: after all, he works for a large auto insurance company. It won’t hurt to leave the key in the truck this once, he thought, as he filled his gas tank at a self service gas station. But moments latter as he was paying the money he saw the truck being driven away.In 1987, 1.6 million motor vehicles were stolen in the United States-one every 20 seconds. If current trends continue, experts predict annual vehicle thefts could exceed two million by the end of the decade.Vehicle theft is a common phenomenon, which has a direct impact on over four million victims a year. The cost is astonishing.Many police officials blame professional thieves for the high volume of thefts. It is a major money maker for organized crime. Typically, stolen cars are taken to pieces and the parts sold to individuals. But as many as 200,000 cars a re smuggled out of the country every year. Most go to Latin America, the Middle East and Europe.Only about 15 percent car thefts result in an arrest, because few police departments routinely conduct in depth auto investigations. When thieves are arrested, judges will often sentence them to probation (缓刑), not immediately put them in prison because the prisons are overcrowded with violent criminals.One exception is a Michigan program that assigns 92 police officers to work full time on the state’s 65,000 car theft cases a year. Since 1986, when the effort began, the state’s auto theft rate has fallen from second in the nation to ninth.How can you protect your car? If you live in a high theft area or drive an expensive model, consider a security system. It may cost anywhere from $25 to $1,000. Some systems engage automatically simply removing the key disables the fuel pump and the starter. When cars are equipped with such systems, thefts may drop by one third. In some states, you may be able to use a device that transmits radio signals, allowing stolen cars to be tracked by police.Questions:71. What is the passage mainly about?________________________________________________________________.72. What does the author think Joe Templer should be blamed for?________________________________________________________________. 73. How serious did the author predict the annual vehicle theft could in the UnitedStates in 1989?________________________________________________________________.74. What are the two ways thieves sell the stolen cars?________________________________________________________________.75. What type of security system can help the police track down a stolen car?________________________________________________________________.Part V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Haste Makes Waste.You should write at least 120 words and youshould base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 为什么说“欲速则不达”。
1989年1月大学英语六级历年真题
1989年1月试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversationand the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be apause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) He is still being treated in the hospital.B) He has had an operation.C) H e’ll rest at home for another two weeks.D) He returned to work last week.2. A) 85. B) 70. C) 64. D) 31.3. A) To meet Tom Wang. B) To work in his office.C) To go to hospital. D) To attend a meeting.4. A) She was afraid she might be kept too late.B) She would have something more important to do.C) She had to meet a friend of hers.D) She was not in the mood to attend the party.5. A) He has some work to do.B) The woman is going to do that.C) His boss is coming to see him.D) He doesn’t feel like eating any bread today.6. A) He has little chance to play football.B) He often cuts classes to play football.C) He’s looking for somebody to play the game with.D) He loves playing football very much.7. A) Go to the lab for a quick look.B) C heck on what’s for dinner.C) Have a run before they eat.D) Go and see if they have dropped anything in the lab.8. A) He can’t find his new apartment.B) He had a bigger apartment before.C) He finds the new apartment too big for him.D) He’s having a hard time finding an apartment.9. A) To write a check. B) To find a telephone number.C) To ring up somebody. D) To check the telephone service.10. A) One. B) Four. C) Five. D) None.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage oneQuestion 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) It is a university for people in prison.B) It is a university for students from middle-class families.C) It is a distance educational system.D) It is a university for free education.12. A) About 40,000. B) About 6,000. C) About 60,000. D) About 25,000.13. A) Special TV and radio programmes.B) Correction of the student’s written work.C) Lectures and talks.D) Group discussions in class.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) He was a doctor. B) He was a writer. C) He was an actor. D) He was a teacher.15. A) Press certain points around the eyes with the fingers.B) Look at distant objects by moving the eyes form side to side.C) Do outdoor exercises daily.D) Stare at a calendar on the classroom wall.16. A) To read the book by the famous British writer.B) To cover their eyes during a period of intensive reading.C) To visit doctors of traditional Chinese medicine.D) To relax their eyes frequently while reading.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) More jobs could be provided than before.B) More people could be educated than before.C) More books could be printed and distributed.D) More ways could be used to exchange knowledge.18. A) Around 1400. B) Around 1900. C) Around 400. D) Around 900.19. A) China. B) Sweden. C) Egypt. D) Japan.20. A) More and more paper is being consumed nowadays.B) Paper enables people to receive education more easily.C) The invention of paper is of great significance to man.D) Paper contributes a lot to the keeping of historical records.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Direction:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:What has the telephone done to us, or for us, in the hundred years of its existence? A few effects suggest themselves at once. It has saved lives by getting rapid word of illness, injury, or fire from remote places. By joining with the elevator to make possible the multi-story residence or office building, it has made possible – for better or worse – the modern city. By bringing about a great leap in the speed and ease with which information moves from place to place, it has greatly accelerated the rate of scientific and technological changes and growth in industry. Beyond doubt it has seriously weakened if not killed the ancient art of letter writing. It has made living alone possible for persons with normal social impulses; by so doing, it has played a role in one of the greatest social changes of the century, the breakup of the multi-generational household. It has made the war chillingly more efficient than formerly. Perhaps, though not provably（可证实）,it communication. Or perhaps –again not provably –by magnifying and extending irrational personal conflicts based on voice contact, it has caused wars. Certainly it has extended the scope of human conflicts, since it impartially disseminates（传播）the useful knowledge of scientists and the nonsense of the ignorant, the affection of the affectionate and the malice（恶意）of the malicious.21. What is the main idea of this passage?A) The telephone has helped to save people from illness and fire.B) The telephone has helped to prevent wars and conflicts.C) The telephone has made the modern city neither better nor worse.D) The telephone has had positive as well as negative effects on us.22. According to the passage, it is the telephone that ______.A) has made letter writing an artB) has prevented wars by avoiding written communicationC) has made the world different from what it wasD) has caused wars by magnifying and extending human conflicts23. The telephone has intensified conflicts among people because ______.A) it increases the danger of warB) it provides services to both the good and the maliciousC) it makes distant communication easierD) it breaks up the multi-generational household24. The author describes the telephone as impartial because it ______.A) saves lives of people in remote placesB) enables people to live alone if they want toC) spreads both love and ill willD) replaces much written communication25. The writer’s attitude towards the use of the telephone is ______.A) affectionateB) approvingC) disapprovingD) neutralPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every action he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to follow is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn to a more subtle theory than ―Monkey see, monkey do.‖Look at it from the child’s point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a racket（叫嚷）is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather that a person whose social status he wishes to avoid. If the pupil wants to be a good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players; while some other person may most influence his approach to books.Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situation, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.26. The statement that children learn by imitation is incomplete because ______.A) they only imitate authorities and expertsB) they are not willing to copy their parentsC) the process of identification has been ignoredD) the nature of their imitation as a form of behavior has been neglected27. For a child the first element in his learning by imitation is ______.A) the need to find an authorityB) the need to find a way to achieve the desired resultC) the need for more affection from his parentsD) the desire to meet the standard of his social group28. Apart from achieving his desired results, a child should also learn to ______.A) behave properlyB) show his affection for his parentsC) attain his goal as soon as possibleD) talk quietly29. Children tend to imitate their models ______.A) who do not criticize themB) who bring them unexpected rewardsC) whom they want to be likeD) whose social status is high30. ―An identifying figure‖(Line 2, Para.5) refers to a person ______.A) who serves as a model for othersB) who is always successfulC) who can be depended uponD) who has been rewarded for his successPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:When imaginative men turn their eyes towards space and wonder whether life exist in any part of it, they may cheer themselves by remembering that life need not resemble closely the life that exists on Earth. Mars looks like the only planet where life like ours could exist, and even this is doubtful. But there may be other kinds of life based on other kinds of chemistry, and they may multiply on Venus or Jupiter. At least we cannot prove at present that they do not.Even more interesting is the possibility that life on their planets may be in a more advanced stage of evolution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and probably temporary stage. His individual units retain a strong sense of personality. They are, in fact, still capable under favorable circumstances of leading individual lives. But man’s societies ar e already sufficiently developed to have enormously more power and effectiveness than the individuals have.It is not likely that this transitional situation will continue very long on the evolutionary time scale. Fifty thousand years from now man’s societ ies my have become so close-knit that the individuals retain no sense of separate personality. Then little distinction will remain between the organic parts of the multiple organism and the inorganic parts (machines) that have been constructed by it. A million years further on man and his machines may have merged as closely asthe muscles of the human body and the nerve cells that set them in motion.The explorers of space should be prepared for some such situation. If they arrive on a foreign planet that has reached an advanced stage (and this is by no means impossible), they may find it being inhabited by a single large organism composed of many closely cooperating units.The units may be ―secondary‖ –machines created millions of years ago by a previous form of life and given the will and ability to survive and reproduce. They may be built entirely of metals and other durable materials. If this is the case, they may be much more tolerant of their environment, multiplying under conditions that would destroy immediately any organism made of carbon compounds and dependent on the familiar carbon cycle.Such creatures might be relics（遗物）of a past age, many millions of years ago. When their planet was favorable to the origin of life, or they might be immigrants from a favored planet.31. What does the word ―cheer‖ (Line, 2, Para.1) imply?A) Imaginative men are sure of success in finding life on other planets.B) Imaginative men are delighted to find life on other planets.C) Imaginative men are happy to find a different kind of life existing on other planets.D) Imaginative men can be pleased with the idea that there might exist different forms of lifeon other planets.32. Humans on Earth today are characterized by ______.A) their existence as free and separate beingsB) their capability of living under favorable conditionsC) their great power and effectivenessD) their strong desire for living in a close-knit society33. According to this passage, some people believe that eventually ______.A) human societies will be much more cooperativeB) man will live in highly organized worldC) machines will replace manD) living beings will disappear form Earth34. Even most imaginative people have to admit that ______.A) human societies are as advanced as those on some other planetsB) planets other than Earth are not suitable for life like ours to stayC) it is difficult to distinguish between organic parts and inorganic parts of the human bodyD) organism are more creative than machines35. It seems that the writer _____.A) is interested in the imaginary life formsB) is eager to find a different form of lifeC) is certain of the existence of a new life formD) is critical of the imaginative peoplePassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:The American baby boom after the war made unconvincing U.S. advice to poor countries that they restrain their births. However, there has hardly been a year since 1957 in which birth rates have not fallen in the United States and other rich countries, and in 1976 the fall was especiallysharp. Both East Germany and West Germany have fewer births than they have deaths, and the United States is only temporarily able to avoid this condition because the children of the baby boom are now an exceptionally large group of married couples.It is true that Americans do not typically plan their births to set an example for developing nations. We are more affected by women’s liberation: once women see interesting and well-paid jobs and careers available, they are less willing to provide free labor for child raising. From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive. And to the high cost of children are added the uncertainties introduced by divorce; couples are increasingly unwilling to subject children to the terrible experience of marital（婚姻的）breakdown and themselves to the difficulty of raising a child alone.These circumstances-women working outside the home and the instability of marriage-tend to spread with industrial society and they will affect more and more countries during the remainder of this century. Along with them goes social mobility, ambition to rise in the urban world, a main factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the nineteenth century.Food shortage will happen again when the reserves resulting from the good harvests of 1976 and 1977 have been consumed. Urbanization’s likely to continue, with the cities of the developing nations struggling under the weight of twice their present populations by the year 2000. The presently rich countries are approaching a stable population largely because of the changed place of women, and they incidentally are setting an example of restraint to the rest of the world. Industrial society will spread to the poor countries, and aspirations（渴望）will exceed resources. All this will lead to a population in the twenty-first century that is smaller than was feared a few years ago. For those anxious see world population brought under control the news is encouraging.36. During the years from 1957 to 1976, the birth rate of the United States ______.A) increasedB) was reducedC) experienced both falls and risesD) remained stable37. What influences the birth rate most in the United States is ______.A) highly paid jobsB) women’s desire for independenceC) expenses of child raisingD) high divorce rate38. The sentence ―From costing nothing, children suddenly come to seem impossibly expensive.‖(Line 4, Para.2) implies that ______.A) food and clothing for babies are becoming incredibly expensiveB) prices are going up dramatically all the timeC) to raise children women have to give up interesting and well-paid jobsD) social development has made child-raising inexpensive39. A chief factor in bringing down the births in Europe in the 19th century is ______,A) birth controlB) the desire to seek fortune in citiesC) the instability of marriageD) the changed place of women40. The population in the 21st century, according to the writer, ______.A) will be smaller than a few years agoB) will not be as small as people expectC) will prove to be a threat to the worldD) will not constitute as serious a problem as expectedVocabulary and StructureDirections:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe center.41 Of the two T-shirts, I chose __________.A) the less expensiveB) the one least expensiveC) the least expensiveD) the least expensive of them42 ―John isn’t here now.‖―__________ left by the back door?‖A) Must he haveB) Had heC) Might he haveD) Should he have43 The Managing Director said that improving relations with the association would not be easy,but that they __________ to try.A) would have decidedB) decideC) have decidedD) had decided44 I will overlook ___________ so rude to my sister this time but don’t let it happen again.A) you to beB) your beingC) you to have beenD) you having been45 ―Not until science became prominent __________ be abolished‖, some people argue.A) did slavery come toB) slavery toC) had slavery come toD) that slavery came to46 Oh, what a nuisance! It ___________ so easy for me to bring those photographs I wanted toshow you, and I have left them on the table at home.A) would have beenB) had beenC) would beD) was47 Except on official ___________ such as formal receptions, American society has a certainamount of informality.A) casesB) situationsC) conditionsD) occasions48 The final document was, of course, supposed to mend the damage _________ upon the worldby the war.A) imposedB) impressedC) compelledD) compressed49 _________ man can now create radioactive elements, there is nothing he can do to reducetheir radioactivity.A) AsB) WhetherC) WhileD) Now that50 John D.Rockefeller, ___________, owned 90 percent of all American oil refineries.A) as still a young manB) while still a young manC) a young man howeverD) in spite of a young man51 The book _________ was not in the school library.A) which the professor referred usB) which the professor referred to usC) to which the professor referred to usD) to which the professor referred us52 You ___________ the class to tell me that; you could have come up to me afterwards.A) needn’t have interruptedB) needn’t interruptC) needn’t to have interruptedD) needn’t to interrupt53 All our attempts to ___________ the child from drowning were in vain.A) regainB) reserveC) recoverD) rescue54 This is the first draft of the book. Please feel perfectly free to ___________ it.A) cope withB) complainC) comment onD) confirm55 I was always taught that it was ____________ to interrupt.A) rudeB) coarseC) roughD) crude56 It was a small country house but it was large __________ urban standards.A) atB) forC) byD) from57 He was subjected to a heavy fine __________ driving without a license.A) atB) forC) withD) by58 While walking along the icy river, we could see cracks in the ice _________ in all directions.A) splittingB) transmittingC) radiatingD) transferring59 Texas, the second largest state of America, is ___________ in natural resources.A) wealthyB) abundantC) scatteredD) deposited60 Small boys are ___________ questioners. They ask questions all the time.A) originalB) imaginativeC) peculiarD) persistent61 Most students have ___________ for those who cheat in exams.A) shockB) scornC) sorrowD) shame62 The ___________ of finding gold in California were good in the 1840’s.A) proposalsB) promisesC) prospectsD) privileges63 We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are __________.A) out of workB) out of reachC) out of stockD) out of practice64 Have you anything to say ___________ the proposal?A) with regard toB) in contrast toC) on behalf ofD) for the purpose of65 There are nations whose lack of contact with the outside world has __________ poverty.A) fallen intoB) consisted inC) resulted inD) come up to66 This is __________ the most difficult job I have ever tackled.A) by rightsB) by itselfC) by oneselfD) by far67 The bomb will ___________ the moment it is touched.A) go onB) go outC) go offD) go over68 The car won’t __________; I’ve tried it several times, but it won’t work.A) beginB) launchC) startD) drive69 George wasn’t in class today. Professor Brown excused him ____________.A) from attendingB) of attendingC) to attendD) attending70 My friend does one thing one day and just the _______ the next. His behavior is inconsistent.A) otherB) alternativeC) negativeD) oppositeError CorrectionDirections:This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete aword. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If youchange a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. Ifyou add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missingword in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (／) in the blank. Example:Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods. 1. time/times/period Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature. 2. ／___________ As a school subject are valid for ∧study of television. 3. the___________ Technology is another great force for change. In part,technology has caused the population explosion; many of uswon’t now be alive if it weren’t for advances in health,71. __________ agriculture and industry. But in part, technology helps resolvethe population problem, either. It’s a never ending cycle. The 72. __________ need for more food discourages development of better 73. __________ technology which naturally keeps more people alive. Andthere are no going back to a simple, less technologically 74. __________ complex time. We’re born. We’re here. We’re hungry.While technology makes this possible for four or even six 75. __________ billion of us to exist, it also eliminates our job opportunities. Intheory, it is impossible that all the goods and services the 76. __________ world needs could be produced by only 2 percent of thepopulation. This tendency of technology to make workerssuperfluous (过剩的) but at same time allowing their numbers 77. __________to grow up so large is creating psychological tensions. 78. __________ Traditionally, work determines our way of life. But if 98percent of us doesn’t need to work, what are we going to 79. __________do with oneself? Something more than work must be found to 80. __________ determine both income and meaning in life—otherwise 98percent of us could be both hungry and frustrated (沮丧的).WritingDirection:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition based on the following graph showing the growth of the world ’s population. The opening sentence is given and you are required to develop it into a full composition. Your part of writing should be no less than 120 word. Some useful words and phrases are provided, but you do not have to include all of them.Graph showing the growth of the world ’s population.(Suggested words and phrases: birth control, death rate, population, food shortage)The Problem of Human PopulationIt has been estimated that a thousand years ago there were less than 400 million people on earth _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1000AD 1500AD2000AD1000 million 60005000 40003000 2000 1000。
大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案(全三套)
大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of motivation and methods in learning. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】As an old saying goes, knowledge can change one’s life. In order to acquire knowledge, we have to study hard. However, it can not be ignored that effective learning needs both motivation and scientific methods.It’s not difficult for us to come up with several possible reasons accounting for this perspective. In the first place, learning is a kind of serious and hard work. Therefore, not everyone is able to keep going without certain internal motivations. Besides, scientific methods play a significant role in improving learning efficiency. Many of us believe that the longer you study, the better grades you will get. But a lot of experiences of our classmates prove that this view is not entirely correct. In details, studying for a long time is exhausting and it is very likely to decrease study efficiency, which is critical to academic performance.From what has been mentioned above, we can easily draw a conclusion that the importance of motivation and methods in learning is self-evident. And it is necessary for us to develop good learning methods.【参考范文译文】俗话说，知识能改变命运。
1998年1月英语六级真题及答案
1998年1月英语六级真题及答案Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each questionthere will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four suggestedanswers marked A)，B)，C), and D) and decide which is the best answer. Thenmark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe centre.Example:You will hear:You will read: A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in t he afternoon. Therefore, D)“5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) Swimming.B) Playing tennis.C) Boating.D) Playing table tennis.2. A) She is going to Finland.B) She has visitors next week.C) She has guests at her home.D) She has just visited him this week.3. A) Get some coins at the cafe.B) Buy her a cup of coffee at the cafe.C) Get some coffee from the machine.D) Try to fix the machine.4. A) They spent three hundred dollars on their vacation.B) They drew money than they should have from the bank.C) They lost their bankbook.D) They had only three hundred dollars in the bank.5. A) To find out her position in the company.B) To apply for a job.C) To offer her a position in the company.D) To make an appointment with the sales manager.6. A) He is surprised.B) He feels very happy.C) He is indifferent.D) He feels very angry.7. A) He hasn’t cleaned his ro om since Linda visited him.B) Linda is the only person who ever comes to see him.C) He’s been too busy to clean his room.D) Cleaning is the last thing he wants to do.8. A) She is a generous woman by nature.B) It doesn’t have a back cover.C) She fe els the man’s apology is enough.D) It is no longer of any use to her.9. A) To remind him of the data he should take to the conference.B) To see if he is ready for the coming conference.C) To tell him something about the conference.D) To help him prepare for the conference.10. A) The long wait.B) The broken down computer.C) The mistakes in her telephone bill.D) The bad telephone service.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) About 45 million.B) About 50 million.C) About 5.4 million.D) About 4.5 million.12. A) The actors and actresses are not paid for their performance.B) The actors and actresses only perform in their own communities.C) They exist only in small communities.D) They only put on shows that are educational.13. A) It provides them with the opportunity to watch performances for free.B) It provides them with the opportunity to make friends.C) It gives them the chance to do something creative.D) It gives them a chance to enjoy modern art.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) They are usually more clever.B) They get tired easily.C) They are more likely to make minor mental errors.D) They are more skillful in handling equipment.15. A) It had its limitations.B) Its results were regarded as final.C) It was supported by the government.D) It was not sound theoretically.16. A) Their lack of concentration resulting from mental stress.B) The lack of consideration for them in equipment design.C) The probability of their getting excited easily.D) Their slowness in responding.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) 18 American undergraduates.B) 18 American postgraduates.C) 18 overseas undergraduates.D) 18 overseas postgraduates.18. A) Family relations.B) social problemsC) Family planning.D) Personal matters.19. A) Red.B) Blue.C) Green.D) Purple.20. A) The five questions were not well designed.B) Not all the questionnaires were returned.C) Only a small number of students were surveyed.D) Some of the answers to the questionnaire were not valid.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them the re are four choicesmarked A)，B)，C), and D). you should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe centre.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin deep. One’s physical assets and liabilities don’t count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not so beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well,and promoted.Un American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group-college students, or teachers or corporate personnel mangers-a piece of paper relating an individual’s accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted.Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men.A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire (追求) to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.21. According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a careeras a manager ________.A) a person’s property or debts do not matter muchB) a person’s outward appearance is not a critical qualificationC) women should always dress fashionablyD) women should not only be attractive but also high minded22. The result of research carried out by social scientists show that ________.A) people do not realize the importance of looking one’s bestB) women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid wellC) good looking women aspire to managerial positionsD) attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not23. Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals oncertain attributes ________.A) they observe the principle that beauty is only skin deepB) they do not usually act according to the views they supportC) they give ordinary looking persons the lowest ratingsD) they tend to base their judgment on the individual’s accomplishments24. “Good looks cut both ways for women” (Line 1, Para. 5) means that ________.A) attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobsB) good looking women always get the best of everythingC) being attractive is not always an advantage for womenD) attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions25. It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world ________.A) handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women areB) physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite wellC) physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get alongquite wellD) good looks are important for women as they are for menQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Not content with its doubtful claim to produce cheap food for our own population, the factory farming industry also argues that “hungry nations are benefiting from advances made by the poultry (家禽) industry”. In fact, rather than helping the fight against malnutrition (营养不良) in “hungry nations,” the spread of factory farming has, inevitably aggravated the problem.Large scale intensive meat and poultry production is a waste of food resources.This is because more protein has to be fed to animals in the form of vegetable matter than can ever be recovered in the form of meat. Much of the food value is lost in the animal’s process of digestion and cell replacement. Neither, in the ca se of chicken, can one eat feathers, blood, feet or head. In all, only about 44% of the live animal fits to be eaten as meat.This means one has to feed approximately 9—10 times as much food value to the animal than one can consume from the carcass. As a system for feeding the hungry, the effects can prove disastrous. At times of crisis, grain is the food of life.Nevertheless, the huge increase in poultry production throughout Asia and Africa continues. Normally British or US firms are involved. For instance, an American based multinational company has this year announced its involvement in projects in several African countries. Britain’s largest suppliers chickens, Ross Breeders, are also involved in projects all over the world.Because such trade is good for exports, Western governments encourage it. In 1979, a firm in Bangladesh called Phoenix Poultry received a grant to set up a unit of 6,000 chickens and 18,000 laying hens. This almost doubled the number of poultry kept in the country all at once.But Bangladesh lacks capital, energy and food and has large numbers of unemployed. Such chicken raising demands capital for building and machinery, extensive use of energy resources for automation, and involves feeding chickens with potential famine relief protein food. At present, one of Bangladesh’s main imports is food grains, becausethe country is unable to grow enough food to feed its population. On what then can they possibly feed the chicken?26. In this passage the author argues that ________.A) efficiency must be raised in the poultry industryB) raising poultry can provide more protein than growing grainC) factory farming will do more harm than good to developing countriesD) hungry nations may benefit from the development of the poultry industry27. According to the author, in factory, vegetable food ________.A) is easy for chickens to digestB) is insufficient for the needs of poultryC) is fully utilised in meat and egg productionD) is inefficiently converted into meat and eggs28. Western governments encourage the poultry industry in Asia because they regard itas an effective way to ________.A) boost their own exportsB) alleviate malnutrition in Asian countriesC) create job opportunities in Asian countriesD) promote the exports of Asian countries29. The word “carcass” (Line 2, Para. 3) most probably means “________”.A) vegetables preserved for future useB) the dead body of an animal ready to be cut into meatC) expensive food that consumers can hardly affordD) meat canned for future consumption30. What the last paragraph tells us is the author’s ________.A) detailed analysis of the ways of raising poultry in BangladeshB) great appreciation of the development of poultry industry in BangladeshC) critical view on the development of the poultry industry in BangladeshD) practical suggestion for the improvement of the poultry industry in Bangladesh Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.We all have offensive breath at one time or another. In most cases, offensive breath emanates from bacteria in the mouth, although there are other more causes.Until a few years ago, the most doctors could do was to counsel patients with bad breath about oral cleanliness. Now they are finding new ways to treat the usually curablecondition.Bad breath can happen whenever the normal flow of saliva (唾液) slows. Our mouths are full of bacteria feeding on protein in bits of food and shed tissue. The bacteria emit evil smelling gases, the worst of which is hydrogen sulfide (硫化物).Mouth bacteria thrive in airless conditions. Oxygen rich saliva keeps their numbers down. When we sleep, for example, the saliva stream slows, and sulfur producing bacteria gain the upper hand, producing classic “morning breath”.Alcohol hunger, too much talking, breathing through the mouth during exercise anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath. So can stress, though it’s not understood why. Some people’s breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview.Saliva flow gradually slows with age, which explains why the elderly have more bad breath trouble than younger people do. Babies, however, who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.For most of us, the simple, dry mouth variety of bad breath is easily cured. Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria. Breakfast often stops morning breath.Those with chronic dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum, hard candy, or a bottle of water or juice around. Brushing the teeth wipes out dry mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria.Surprisingly, one thing that rarely works is mouthwash. The liquid can mask bad breath odor with its own smell, but the effect lasts no more than an hour. Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath. The trouble is, they don’t necessarily reach all offending germs. Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus (粘液). If the mouthwash contains alcohol-as most do-it can intensify the problem by drying out the mouth.31. The phrase “emanate from”in Paragraph 1 most probably means “________”.A) thrive onB) account forC) originate fromD) descend from32. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?A) Tooth trouble.B) Sulfur rich food.C) Too much exercise.D) Mental strain.33. According to the passage, alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because________.A) it keeps offending bacteria from reproducingB) its smell adds to bad breathC) it kills some helpful bacteriaD) it affects the normal flow of saliva34. Mouthwashes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because ________.A) they can’t mask the ba d odor long enoughB) they can’t get to all the offending bacteriaC) their strong smell mixes with bad breath and makes it worseD) they can’t cover the thick layers of mucus35. We can infer from this passage that ________.A) offensive breath can’t e asily be curedB) elderly people are less offended by bad breathC) heavy drinkers are less affected by bad breathD) offensive breath is less affected by alcoholQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.“Welcome to the U.S.A.! Major Credit cards accepted!”By the millions they are coming no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched mass longing for a better living. These are the wealthy. “We don’t have a budget,” says a biologist from Brazil, as she walks with two companions through New York Ci ty’s South Street. “We just use our credit cards.”The U.S. has long been one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations, but this year has been exceptional. First there was the World Cup, which drew thousands from every corner of the globe; then came the weakening of the U.S. dollar against major currencies. Now the U.S., still the world’s superpower, can also claim to be the world’s bargain basement (廉价商品部). Nobody undersells America these days on just about everything, from consumer electronics to fashion clothes to tennis rackets. Bottom retail prices-anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia-have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $79 billion in 1994. That’s up from $74 billion the year befo re.True, not everyone comes just for brains. There remains an undeniable fascination in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood films and U.S. television series. But shopping the U.S.A. is proving irresistible. Every week thousands arrive with empty suitcases ready to be filled; some even rent an additional hotel room to hold their purchases. The buying binge (无节制) has become as important as watching Old Faithful Fountains erupt in Yellowstone Park or sunbathing on a beach in Florida.The U.S. has come at last to appreciate what other countries learned long ago: the pouring in of foreign tourists may not always be convenient, but is does put money inthe bank. And with a trade deficit at about $130 billion and growing for the past 12 months, the U.S. needs all the deposits it can get. Compared with American tourists abroad, visitors to the U.S. stay longer and spend more money at each stop; an average of 12.2 night and $1624 a traveller versus the American s’ four nights and $298.36. From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that tourists like her ________.A) are reluctant to carry cash with themB) simply don’t care how much they spendC) are not good at planning their expenditureD) often spend more money than they can afford37. The reason why 1994 was exceptional is that ________.A) it saw an unusually large number of tourists to the U.S.B) it witnessed a drop in the number of tourists to the U.S.C) tourism was hardly affected by the weakening of the U.S. dollar that yearD) tourists came to the U.S. for sightseeing rather than for bargains that year38. By saying “nobody undersells America” (Line 4, Para. 3), the author means that________.A) no other country underestimates the competitiveness of American productsB) nobody expects the Americans to cut the prices of their commoditiesC) nobody restrains the selling of American goodsD) no other country sells at a lower price that America39. Why does the author assert that all things American are fascinating to foreigners?A) Because they have gained much publicity through the American media.B) Because they represent the world’s latest fashions.C) Because they embody the most sophisticated technology.D) Because they are available at all tourist destinations.40. From the passage we can conclude that the U.S. has come to realize ________.A) the weakening if the U.S. dollar can result in trade deficitsB) the lower the retail prices, the greater the profitsC) tourism can make great contributions to its economyD) visitors to the U.S. are wealthier than U.S. tourists abroadPart III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A)，B)，C), and D). Choose the ONE that best completesthe sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the centre.41. His career was not noticeably ________ by the fact that he had never been to college.A) preventedB) preventedC) hinderedD) refrained42. When trapped in drifting sands, do not struggle, or you will be ________ in deeper.A) absorbedB) pushedC) heavedD) sucked43. To ________ for his unpleasant experiences he drank a little more than was goodfor him.A) commenceB) compromiseC) compensateD) compliment44. All visitors are requested to ________ with the regulations.A) complyB) agreeC) assistD) consent45. The captain ________ the horizon for approaching ships.A) scannedB) scrutinizedC) exploredD) swept46. The vast majority of people in any given culture will ________ established standardsof that culture.A) confineB) conformC) confront47. Although he was on a diet, the food ________ him enormously.A) inspiredB) temptedC) overcameD) encouraged48. His argument does not suggest that mankind can ________ to be wasteful in theutilization of these resources.A) resortB) grantC) affordD) entitle49. If you want this pain killer, you’ll have to ask the doctor for a ________.A) receiptB) recipeC) subscriptionD) prescription50. Some fish have a greater ________ for acid water than others.A) toleranceB) resistanceC) dependenceD) persistence51. There was once a town in this country where all life seemed to live in ________with its surroundings.A) coincidenceB) harmonyC) uniformD) alliance52. The court considers a financial ________ to be an appropriate way of punishing him.A) paymentB) obligationC) option53. It is true that ________ a wild plant into a major food crop such as wheat requiresmuch research time.A) multiplyingB) breedingC) magnifyingD) generating54. The government has devoted a larger slice of its national ________ to agriculturethan most other countries.A) resourcesB) potentialC) budgetD) economy55. In this poor country, survival is still the leading industry; all else is ________.A) luxuryB) accommodationC) entertainmentD) refreshment56. Some criminals were printing ________ dollar bills until they were arrested.A) decentB) fakeC) patentD) suspicious57. Mr. Bloom is not ________ now, but he will be famous someday.A) significantB) dominantC) magnificentD) prominent58. His body temperature has been ________ for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5degree centigrade.A) uncommonB) disorderedC) abnormalD) extraordinary59. He seems to be ________ enough to climb to the mountain top in an hour.A) radiantB) conscientiousC) conspicuousD) energetic60. Although cats cannot see in complete darkness their eyes are much more ________to light than are human eyes.A) glowingB) brilliantC) sensitiveD) gloomy61. While nuclear weapons present grave ________ dangers, the predominant crisis ofoverpopulation is with us today.A) inevitableB) constantC) overwhelmingD) potential62. This is the ________ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.A) trueB) originalC) realD) genuine63. Comparison and contrast are often used ________ in advertisements.A) intentionallyB) pertinentlyC) incidentallyD) tiresomely64. A complete investigation into the causes of the accident should lead to improvedstandards and should ________ new operating procedures.A) result isB) match withC) subject toD) proceed with65. ________ popular belief that classical music is too complex, it achieves asimplicity that only a genius can create.A) Subject toB) Contrary toC) Familiar toD) Similar to66. The bond of true affection had pulled us six very different men from six verydifferent countries across Antarctica; we proved in the end that we weren’t very different ________.A) for allB) as usualC) in particularD) after all67. Though her parents ________ her musical ability, Jerrilou’s piano playing isreally terrible.A) pour scorn onB) heap praise uponC) give vent toD) cast light upon68. Some children display an ________ curiosity about every new thing they encounter.A) incredibleB) infectiousC) incompatibleD) inaccessible69. Bruce Stephen gripped the ________ wheel hard as the car bounced up and down.A) stirringB) drivingC) steeringD) revolving70. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged ________ how great theirachievements are.A) in spite ofB) in ways ofC) in favor ofD) in terms ofPart IV Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions orcomplete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10words).One summer my wife Chris and I were invited by friends to row down the Colorado River in a boat. Our expedition included many highly successful people the kind who have staffs to take care of life’s daily work. But in the wilder rapids, all of us naturally set aside any pretenses (矫饰) and put out backs into every stroke to keep the boat from tumbling over. At each night’s encampment, we all hauled supplies and cleaned dishes. After only two days in the river, people accustomed to being spoiled and indulged had become a team, working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river.I believe that in life as well as on boat trips teamwork will make all our journeys successful ones. The rhythms of teamwork have been the rhythms of my life. I played basketball alongside famous players, and the team I now coach, the New York Knicks, has recovered from years of adversity to become a major contender in the 1990s.I’m persuaded that teamwork is the key to making dreams come true. We all play on a number of teams in our lives-as part of a family, as a citizen, as a member of an agreement, written or unwritten. It contains the values and goals for every team member.For example, in the late 1970s a General Motors plant in Fremont, Calif, was the scene of constant warfare between labor and management. Distrust ran so high that the labor contract was hundreds of pages of tricky legal terms. GM spent millions trying to keep the facility up to date, but productivity and quality were continually poor. Absenteeism (旷工) was so out of control tha t the production line couldn’t even start up on some mornings. Finally in the early 1980s, GM shut down the plant.GM became convinced that it had to create new production systems based on teamwork. In the mid 1980s it reopened the Fremont plant with Toyota, starting from scratch (从零开始) with a much simpler and shorter labor contract. It promised that executive salaries would be reduced and jobs performed by outside sellers would be given to employees before any layoffs were considered. Over a hundred job classifications were cut to just two. Instead of doing one boring job over and over, workers agreed to be part of small teams, spending equal time on various tasks.Questions: (注意: 答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。
「1月」大学英语六级考试全真试卷+答案与详解
「XX年1月」大学英语六级考试全真试卷+答案与详解详细请参看我们《王迈迈英语四六级历年真题》最新版一书如有转载，！xx 年 1 月 8 日大学英语六级考试 A 卷.wm&menglish. 王迈迈英语教学网Part IListening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each Conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Example : You will hear:*.wmmenglish. 王迈迈英语教学网You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours. .wm$%menglish. 王迈迈英语教学网D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o'clock in the morningand have to finish by 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) "5 hours" is the correct answer. You should choose on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample answer [A] [B] [C] [ D]1. A) Furnished apartments will cost more.B) The apartment can be furnished easily.C) The apartment is just what the man is looking for.D) She can provide the man with the apartment he needs..$wmmenglish. 王迈迈英语教学网2. A) Mr. Johnson's ideas are nonsense.B) He quite agrees with Mr. Johnson's views.C) Mr. Johnson is good at expressing his ideas.D) He shares the woman's views on social welfare..w#mmenglish. 王迈迈英语教学网3. A) Study in a quiet place.B) Improve her grades gradually.C) Change the conditions of her dorm.D) Avoid distractions while studying in her dorm..wm$%mengl$ish. 王迈迈英语教学网4. A) It has been put off.B) I。
1月大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案 02.
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）综合题，请根据题目给出的内容，来回答下面给出的试题。
Part IIReading Comprehension (35 minutes)Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Navigation computers, now sold by most car-makers, cost $2,000 and up. No surprise, then, that they are most often found in luxury cars, like Lexus, BMW and Audi. But it is a developing technology —meaning prices should eventually drop —and the market does seem to be growing.Even at current prices, a navigation computer is impressive. It can guide you from point to point in most major cities with precise turn-by-turn directions —spoken by a clear human- sounding voice, and written on a screen in front of the driver.The computer works with an antenna (天线) that takes signals from no fewer than three of the 24 global positioning system (GPS) satellites. By measuring the time required for a signal to travel between the satellites and the antenna, the car’s location can be pinned down within 100 meters.The satellite signals, along with inputs on speed from a wheel-speed sensorand direction from a meter, determine the car’s position even as it moves. This information is combined with a map database. Streets, landmarks and points of interest are included.Most systems are basically identical. The differences come in hardware —the way the computer accepts the driver’s request for directions and the way it presents the driving instructions. On most systems, a driver enters a desired address, motorway junction or point of interest via a touch screen or disc. But the Lexus screen goes a step further: you can point to any spot on the map screen and get directions to it.BMW’s system offers a set of cross hairs (瞄准器上的十字纹) that can be moved across the map (you have several choices of map scale) to pick a point you’d like to get to. Audi’s screen can be switched to TV reception.Even the voices that recite the directions can differ, with better systems like BMW’s and Lexus’s having a wider vocabulary. The instructions are available in French, German, Spanish, Dutch and Italian, as well as English. The driver can also choose parameters for determining the route: fastest, shortest or no freeways (高速公路), for example.请根据上面给出的内容，来回答下面的单项选择题（下列每小题备选答案中，只有一个符合题意的正确答案。
英语六级考试阅读练习题和答案
英语六级考试阅读练习题和答案英语六级考试阅读练习题和答案:At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you dont act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo(禁忌的) behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. Its not taboo to talk about fat; its taboo to be fat. The "in" look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor,and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In animage-conscious society like the U. S. , thin is "in", fat is "out".Its not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become obsessed (着迷) with staying slim and "in shape". The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for Americas obsession with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, peoples bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising every day.1. From the passage we can infer taboo is .A. a strong desire to do something strange or terribleB. a crime committed on impulseC. behavior considered unacceptable in societys eyesD. an unfavorable impression left on other people2.Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude "being fat"_______.A. will always remain a tabooB. is not considered a taboo by most peopleC. has long been a tabooD. may no longer be a taboo some day3.The topic of fat is_______many other taboo subjects.A. the same asB. different fromC. more popular thanD. less often talked about than4.In the U. S. , thin is "in", fat is "out", this means_______.A. thin is "inside", fat is "outside"B. thin is "diligent", fat is "lazy"C. thin is "youthful", fat is "spiritless"D. thin is "fashionable", fat is "unfashionable"5.The main reason the passage gives for why so many Americans are exercising regularly is_______.A. their changed life-styleB. their eagerness to stay thin and youthfulC. their appreciation of the importance of exerciseD. the encouragement they have received from their companies参考答案：1. C2. D3. B4. D5. B英语六级考试阅读练习题和答案:For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; andthere is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results with no reward except the successful outcome.Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the childrens responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights—and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many.as three turns to one side.Papouseks light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would " smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.21. According to the author, babies learn to do things which______.A. are directly related to pleasureB. will meet their physical needsC. will bring them a feeling of successD. will satisfy their curiosity22. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby______.A. would make learned responses when it saw the milkB. would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drinkC. would continue the simple movements without being given milkD. would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink23. In Papouseks experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order toA. have the lights turned onB. be rewarded with milkC. please their parentsD. be praised24. The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because______.A. the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"B. the sight of the lights was interestingC. they need not turn back to watch the lightsD. they succeeded in "switching on" the lights25. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of______.A. a basic human desire to understand and control the worldB. the satisfaction of certain physiological needsC. their strong desire to solve complex problemsD. a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills 参考答案：21. C 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. A。
大学英语六级阅读理解考试真题训练附答案
大学英语六级阅读理解考试真题训练附答案大学英语六级阅读理解考试真题训练附答案A bad workman quarrels with his tools.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的大学英语六级阅读理解考试真题训练附答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!Most people would probably agree that many individual consumer adverts function on the level of the daydream. By picturing quite unusually happy and glamorous people whose success in either career of sexual terms, or both, is obvious, adverts construct an imaginary world in which the reader is able to make come true those desires which remain unsatisfied in his or her everyday life.An advert for a science fiction magazine is unusually explicit about this. In addition to the primary use value of the magazine, the reader is promised access to a wonderful universe through the product—access to other mysterious and tantalizing worlds and epochs, the realms of the imagination. When studying advertising, it is therefore unreasonable to expect readers to decipher adverts as factual statements about reality. Most adverts are just too meagre in informative content and too rich in emotional suggestive detail to be read literally. If people read then literally, they would soon be forced to realize their error when the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didn’t materialize.The average consumer is not surprised that his purchase of the commodity does not redeem the promise of the advertisement, for this is what he is used to in life: the individual’s pursuit of happiness and success is usually in vain. But the fantasy is his to keep; in his dream world he enjoys a“future endlessly deferred”.The Estivalia advert is quite explicit about the fact that advertising shows us not reality, but a fantasy; it does so by openly admitting the daydream but in a way that insists on the existence of a bridge linking daydream to reality—Estivalia, which is “for daydream believers”, those who refuse to give up trying to make the hazy ideal of natural beauty and harmony come true.If adverts function on the daydream level, it clearly becomes in adequate to merely condemn advertising for channeling readers’ attention and desires towards an unrealistic, paradisiacal nowhere land. Advertising certainly does that, but in order for people to find it relevant, the utopia visualized in adverts must be linked to our surrounding reality by a casual connection1.The people in adverts are in most coves ___.A.happy and glamorousB.successfulC.obviousD.both A and B2.When the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didn’t materialize the average consu mer is not surprised, because ___.A.The consumer is used to the fact that the individual’s pursuit of happiness and success is usually in vain.B.Adverts are factual statements about reality.C.The consumer can come into the realms of imagination pictured by adverts.D.Adverts can make the consumer’s dreams come true.3.What’s the bridge linking daydream to reality in adverts?A.The product.B.Estivalia.C.Pictures.D.Happy and glamorous people.4.Why does the consumer accept the daydream in adverts?A.Because the consumer enjoys a “future endlessly deferred.”B.Because the consumer gives up trying to make his dream come true.C.Because the utopia is visualized in adverts.D.Because his purchased of the commodity does not redeem the promise of the advertisement.5.What is this passage mainly concerned with?A.Many adverts can be read literally.B.Everyone has a daydream.C.Many adverts function on the level of the daydream.D.Many adverts are deceitful because they can not make good their promises.答案：DABAC。
1月大学英语六级真题及答案
xx年1月大学英语六级真题及答案Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A). ,B). , C). and D). . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a sing line through the centre. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his suess raising new doubts about the worth of the business world#39;s favorite academic title: the MBA(Master of Business Administration). The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly merce and greed (贪婪) on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature. But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run panies some day. “If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,” said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last fiveyears or so, when someone says, ‘Should I attempt to getan MBA,’ the answer a lot more is: It depends.” The suess of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over theworth of a business degree and whether management skillscan be taught. The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize plaints about business degree holders. The article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing” and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they don#39;t understand politics and people, and they aren#39;t able to function as part of a team untiltheir third year. But by then, they#39;re out looking for other jobs.” The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importanceand usefulness. Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by a backlash (反冲) against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the women#39;s movement. Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs saythose with the degrees often know how to analyze systemsbut are not so skillful at motivating people. “Theydon#39;t get a lot of grounding in the people side of thebusiness”, said J ames Shaffer, vice-president andprincipal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm. 21.Aording to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses dominated by purer disciplines?A). Scornful. B). Appreciative. C). Envious. D). Realistic.22.It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees had been fueled mainly by . A). the plaints from various employers B). the suess of many non-MBAs C). the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplines D). the poor performance of MBAs at work 23.What is the major weakness of MBA holders aording to the Harvard Business Review? A). They are usually self-centered.B). They are aggressive and greedy. C). They keep plaining about their jobs. D). They are not good at dealing with people. 24.From the passage we know that most MBAs . A).can climb the corporate ladder fairly quickly B). quittheir jobs once they are familiar with their workmates C). receive salaries that to not match their professional training D). cherish unrealistic expectations about their future 25.What is the passage mainly about? A). Why thereis an increased enrollment in MBA programs. B). The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools. C). Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree. D). A debate held recently on university campuses. Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. Whenschool officials in Kalkaska, Michigan,closed classes last week, the media flocked to the story, portraying thetown#39;s 2,305 students as victims of stingy (吝啬的)taxpayers. There is some truth to that;the property-tax rate here is one-third lower than the state average. But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkask#39;s educators and the state#39;s largest teachers#39; union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point. Their aim was to spur passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state#39;s share of school funding. It was no coincidence that Kalkaska shut its schools two weeks after residents rejected a 28 percent property-tax increase. The school board argued that without the increase it lacked the $ 1.5 million needed to keep schools open.But the school system had not done all it could to keep the schools open. Officials declined to borrow against nextyear#39;s state aid, they refused to trim extracuricular activities and they did not consider seeking a smaller —perhaps more aeptable—tax increase. In fact,closing earlyis costing Kalkaska a significant amount, including$ 600,00 in unemployment payments to teachers and staff and $ 250,000 in lost state aid. In February, the school system promised teachers and staff two months of retirement payments in case schools closed early, a deal that willcost the district $ 275,000 more. Other signs suggestschool authorities were at least as eager to makeapolitical statement as to keep schools open The Michigan Education Association hired a public relations firm to stage a rally marking the school closing, which attracted 14 local and national televison stations and works. The president of the National Education Association,theMEA#39;s parent organization, flew from Washington, D.C., for the event. And the union tutored school officials in the art of television interviews. School supervisor Doyle Disbrow acknowledges the district could have kept schools open by cutting programs but denies the moves were politically motivated. Michigan lawmakers have reacted angrily to the closings. The state Senate has already voted to put the system into receivership(破产管理) and reopen schools immediately;the Michigan House plans to consider the bill this week. 26.We learn from the passage that schools in Kalkaska, Michigan, are funded . A). by both the local and state governments B). exclusively by the local government C). mainly by the state government D). by the National Education Association 27.One of the purposes for which school officials closed classes was . A). to avoid paying retirement benefits to teachers and staff B). to draw the attention of local taxpayers to political issues C). to make the financial difficulties of their teachers and staff known to the public D). to pressure Michiganlawmakers into increasing state funds for local schools 28.The author seems to disapprove of . A). the Michigan lawmakers#39; endless debating B). the shutting of schools in Kalkaska C). the involvement of the mass media D). delaying the passage of the school funding legislation29.We learn from the passage that school authorities in Kalkaska are concerned about . A). a raise in the property-tax rate in Michigan B). reopening the schools there immediately C). the attitude of the MEA#39;s parent organization D). making a political issue of the closing of the schools 30.Aording to the passage, the closing of the schools developed into a crisis because of . A). theplexity of the problem B). the political motives on the part of the educators C). the weak response of the state officials D). the strong protest on the part of the students#39; parents Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. German Chancellor (首相) Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy(遗产) includes many of today#39;s social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and aidents as a result of growing industrialization Motivated in part by Christian passion(怜悯) for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse toundercut the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world#39;s first workers#39; pensation law in 1884. By 1908,the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers#39; pensation insurance. America#39;s injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees hadto prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace. The first state workers#39; pensation law in this country passed in1911,and the program soon spread throughout the nation.After World War Ⅱ,benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below thepoverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national mission to study the problems of workers#39; pensation. Two years later, the mission issued 19 key remendations, including one thatcalled for increasing pensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states#39; average weekly wages. In fact,the average pensation benefit in America has climbed from55 percent of the states#39; average weekly wages in 1972to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10percent increase in pensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more money floating in theworkers#39; pensation system, it#39;s not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie. 31.The world#39;s first workers#39; pensation law was introduced by Bismarck . A). to make industrial production safer B). to speed up the pace of industrialization C). out of religious and political considerations D). for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movement 32.We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe . A). was aompanied by an increased number of workshop aidents B). resulted in the development of popular social insurance programs C). required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplace D). met growing resistance from laborers working at machines 33.One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting pensation in the early 19th century was that . A). they had to have the courage to sue for damages in a court of law B). different states in the U.S. had totally different pensation programs C). America#39;s average pensation benefit was much lower than the cost of living. D). they had to produce evidence that their employers were responsible for the aident34.After 1972 workers#39; pensation insurance in the U.S.became more favorable to workers so that . A). the poverty level for a family of four went up drastically B). there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claims C). the number of workers suing for damages increased D). more money was allocated to their pensation system 35.The author ends the passage with the implication that . A). pensation benefits in America are soaring to new heights B). the workers are not the only ones to benefit from the pensation system C). people from all walks of life can benefit from the pensation system D). money floating in the pensation system is a huge drain on the U.S. economyPassage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. Early in the age of affluence(富裕) that followed World War Ⅱ, an American r etailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, “Our enormously productive economy … We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate.” Americans have responded to Lebow#39;s call, and much of the world has followed. Consumption has bee a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world#39;s two largest economies—Japan and the United States—show consumerist definitions of suess being ever prevalent. Overconsumption by theworld#39;s fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth.Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate. Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and munity have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches. Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow—that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things. Of course, the opposite of overconsumption—poverty—is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert. If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?36.The emergence of the affluent society after World WarⅡ . A). gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers B). gave rise to the dominance of the new egoismC). led to the reform of the retailing system D). resulted in the worship of consumerism 37.Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption is . A). the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals B). the people#39;s desire for a rise in their living standards C). the imbalance that has existed between production and consumption D). the concept that one#39;s suess is measured by how much they consume 38.Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing? A). Because poverty still exists in an affluent society. B). Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction. C). Because overconsumption won#39;t last long due to unrestricted population growth. D). Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization. 39.Aording to the passage, consumerist culture . A). cannot thrive on a fragile economy B). will not aggravate environmental problems C). cannot satisfy human spiritual needs D). will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countries 40.It can be inferred from the passage that . A). human spiritual needs should match material affluence B). there is never an end to satisfyingpeople#39;s material needs C). whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issue D). how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problemPart Ⅲ Vocabulary (20 minutes) Directions: There are 30 inplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A). ,B). , C). and D). . Choose the ONE answer that best pletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. 41.I have had my eyes tested and the report says that my is perfect. A). outlook B). vision C). horizon D). perspective 42.He was looking admiringly at the photograph published by Collins in with the Imperial Museum.A). collection B). connection C). collaboration D).bination 43.In those days, executives expected to spendmost of their lives in the same firm and, unless they were dismissed for ,to retire at the age of 65. A). integrity B). denial C). inpetence D). deduction 44.Others viewed the finding with , noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remains to be shown. A). optimism B). passion C). caution D). deliberation 45.The 1986 Challenger space-shuttle was caused by unusually low temperatures immediately before the launch. A). expedition B). controversy C). dismay D). disaster 46.When supply exceeds demand for any product, prices are to fall. A). timely B). simultaneous C). subject D). liable 47.The music aroused an feeling of homesickness in him. A). intentional B). intermittent C). intense D). intrinsic 48.I bought an alarm clock with a(n) dial, which can be seen clearly inthe dark. A). supersonic B). luminous C). audible D). amplified 49.The results are hardly ; he cannot believethey are aurate. A). credible B). contrary C). critical D). crucial 50.This new laser printer is with all leading software. A). parable B). petitive C). patible D). cooperative 51.The ball two or three times before rolling down the slope. A). swayed B). bounced C). hopped D).darted 52.He raised his eyebrows and stuck his head forward and it in a single nod, a gesture boys used then for O.K. when they were pleased. A). shrugged B). tugged C). jerked D). twisted 53.Many types of rock are from volcanoes as solid, fragmentary material. A). flung B). propelled C). ejected D). injected 54.With prices so much, it isdifficult for the school to plan a budget. A). vibrating B). fluctuating C). fluttering D). swinging 55.The person who this type of approach for doing research deserves our praise. A). originated B). speculated C). generated D). manufactured 56. that the demand for power continues torise at the current rate, it will not be long before traditional sources bee inadequate. A). Concerning B). Ascertaining C). Assuming D). Regarding 57.Her jewelryunder the spotlights and she became the dominant figure at the ball. A). glared B). glittered C). blazed D). dazzled 58.Connie was told that if she worked too hard, her health would . A). deteriorate B). degrade C). descend D). decay59.We find that some birds twice a year between hot and cold countries. A). transfer B). mute C). migrate D). emigrate 60.As visiting scholars, they willingly to the customs of the country they live in. A). submit B). conform C). subject D). mit 61.More than 85 percent of French Canada#39;s population speaks French as mother tongue and to the Roman Catholic faith. A). caters B). adheres C). ascribes D). subscribes 62.The professor found himself constantly the question:“ How could anyone do these things?” A). presiding B). poring C). pondering D). presuming 63.Weeks before anyone was arrested in connection with the bank robbery. A). terminated B). elapsed C). overlapped D). expired 64.In order to prevent stress from being set up in the metal, expansion joints are fitted which the stress by allowing the pipe to expand or contract freely. A). relieve B). reconcile C). reclaim D). rectify 65.How much of your country#39;s electrical supply is from water power? A). deduced B). detached C). derived D). declined 66.She has recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of the pany#39;s client data, which she intended to in starting her own business. A). dwell on B).e upon C). base on D). draw upon 67.The glass vessels should be handled most carefully since they are . A). intricate B). fragile C). subtle D). crisp 68.Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way for crops, but this onlythe crisis. A). aelerates B). prevails C). ascends D). precedes 69.He blew out the candle and his way to the door.A). converged B). groped C). strove D). wrenched 70.Often such arguments have the effect of rather than clarifying the issues involved. A). obscuring B). prejudicing C). tackling D). blockingPart Ⅳ Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked, A). , B). , C). and D). on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. When women do bee managers, do they bring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are woman more highly motivated and 71 than male managers? Some research 72 the idea that woman bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater 73,an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a 74 to bring emotional factors to bear 75 making workplace decisions. These differences are 76 to carry advantages for panies, 77 they expand the range of techniques that can be used to 78 the pany manage its workforce 79. A study missioned by the International Women#39;s Forum 80 a management style used by some women managers(and also by some men) that 81from the mand? andcontrol style 82 used by male managers. Using this “interactive leadership” approach, “women 83 participation, share power and information,84 otherpeople#39;s self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these 85 reflect their belief that allowing 86 to contribute and to feel 87 and important is a win-win 88 —good for the employees and the organization.” Thestudy#39;s director 89 that “interactive leadership may emerge 90 the management style of choice for many organizations.” 71.A). confronted B). manded C). confined D). mitted 72.A). supports B). argues C). opposes D). despises 73.A). bination B). cooperativeness C). coherence D). correlation 74.A). willingness B). loyalty C). sensitivity D). virtue 75.A). by B). in C). at D). with 76.A). disclosed B). watched C). revised D). seen 77.A). therefore B). whereas C). because D). noheless 78.A). help B). enable C). support D). direct 79.A). evidently B). precisely C). aggressively D). effectively 80.A). developed B). invented C). discovered D). located 81.A). derives B). differs C). descends D). detaches 82.A). inherently B). traditionally C). conditionally D). oasionally 83.A). encourage B). dismiss C). disapprove D). engage 84.A). enhance B). enlarge C). ignore D). degrade 85. A). themes B). subjects C). researches D). things 86.A). managers B). women C). employees D). males 87.A). faithful B). powerfulC). skillful D). thoughtful 88.A). situation B). status C). circumstance D). position 89.A). predicted B). proclaimed C). defied D). diagnosed 90.A). into B). from C). as D).for试卷二Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a position on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 150 words aording to the outline given below in Chinese: 1.当前社会上存在许多不老实的现象 2.老实利人利己，做人应该老实It Pays to Be Honest参考答案PartⅠ1-10. DBDCB CCADD 11-20. DADAC AABDAPartⅡ21-30. ABDDC ADBDB 31-40. CADCB DDBCDPartⅢ41-50. BCCCD DCBAC 51-60 BCCBA CBACB61-70. BCBAC DBABAPartⅣ。
历年大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案汇总
1993年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Protests at the use of animals in research have taken a new and fearful character in Britain with the attempted murder of two British scientists by the terrorist technique of the pre-planted car-bomb.The research community will rightly be alarmed at these developments, which have two objectives: to arouse public attention and to frighten people working in research with animals. The first need is that everything should be done to identify those responsible for the crimes and to put them on trail. The Defence Research Society has taken the practical step of offering a reward of 10,000 pounds for information leading to those responsible, but past experience is not encouraging. People are unlikely to be tempted by such offers. The professional police will similarly be confronted by the usual problem of finding a needle in a haystack.That is why the intellectual (知识分子) community in Britain and elsewhere must act more vigorously in its own defence. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people. And it will not be enough for the chairmen and chairwomen of these organizations to utter placatory (安抚的) statements on behalf of all their members. These people should also undertake that it will be a test of continuing membership in their organizations that members and would be members should declare that they will take no part in acts of violence against human beings. Even such undertakings would not be fully effective: people, after all, can lie. But at least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voice in the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals in research from the organizations that deserve no say.21. The words “these developments” (Para. 2, Line 1) most probably refer to ________.A) the acts of violence against scientistsB) the use of animals in researchC) the techniques of planting bombs in carsD) the establishment of new animal protection organization22. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A) The police abandoned their efforts to find the criminals.B) The terrorists escaped with the help of their organizations.C) The attempted murder caused grave anxiety among British scientists.D) People sympathized murder caused grave anxiety among British scientists.23. The author’s purpose in writing his article is to demand that animal-protecting organizations ________.A) declare their objectives clearlyB) give up the use of violenceC) continue the dialogue with the scientific communityD) help to find those responsible for the attempted murder24. In the author’s opinion ________.A) since people can lie, the prob lem about their rights of scientists can’t be solvedB) animal-protecting organizations about be held responsible for acts of violence against scientistsC) animal protection organizations should be declared illegalD) the scientists should take effective measures to protect themselves25. What does the word “they” (Para. 3, Line 3) refer to?A) The animal-protecting organizations.B) The organizations that will talk with the research community.C) Those who support the use of animals in research.D) Those who support the animal-protection organizations.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.The earlier type of suburb, which was most dependent on the railroad, had a special advantage that could be fully appreciated only after it had disappeared. These suburbs, spread out along a railroad line, were discontinuous and properly spaced; and without the aid of legislation (法规) they were limited in population as well as area; for the biggest rarely held as many as ten thousand people, and under five thousand was more usual. In 1950, for example, Bronxville, New York, a typical upper-class suburb, had 6,778 people, while Riverside, Illinois, founded as early as 1869, had only 9.153.The size and scale of the suburb, that of neighborhood unit, was not entirely the result of its open planning, which favored low densities. Being served by a railroad line, with station stops from three to five miles apart, there was a natural limit to the spread of any particular community. House h ad to be sited “within easy walking distance of the railroad station,” as some old residents would point out; and only those wealthy enough to afford a horse and a carriage dared to penetrate farther into the open country.Through its spaced station stops, the railroad suburb was at first kept from spreading or excessively increasing in numbers, for a natural greenbelt, often still under cultivation as park, gardens, remained between the suburbs and increased the available recreation area. Occasionally, in a few happy areas like Westchester, between 1915 and 1935 a parkway, like the Bronx River parkway, accompanied by continuous strip of park for pedestrian (散步的人) use, not yet overrun by a constant stream of urban traffic, added to the perfection of the whole suburban pattern. Whatever one might say of the social disadvantages this was in many ways a perfect physical environment. But it lasted less than a generation.26. What was the special advantage of the old type of suburb?A) Its nearness to the railroad.B) The vastness of its open space.C) Its small size in area and population.D) The high social status of its residents.27. The size of the old suburb was limited because ________.A) people wanted to live near a railroad stationB) it was originally planned by railroad companiesC) there was a law governing the size of the suburbD) local inhabitants didn’t like to out in the country28. “Happy areas” (Para. 3, Line 3) were areas where ________.A) life was enjoyed by everyoneB) more roads were built to bypass the heavy trafficC) a greenbelt was available solely for recreationD) people could have lots of fun29. It is evident that the writer ________.A) finds urban life uncomfortableB) prefers life in the countrysideC) feels disappointed in the changes of suburbsD) advocates the idea of returning to nature30. The topic discussed in the passage is “________”.A) the size and scale of suburban neighborhood unitsB) the advantage of old-type suburbsC) the location of railroad stationsD) the concept of the suburban patternQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents a problem.Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged, but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment in the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professor: one is the time needed to keep on with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research, but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess, and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professor unwilling to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators” or something else.The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and agreat teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.31. What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?A) It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.B) Teaching and research are contradictory to each other.C) Research can never be emphasized too much.D) The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplified.32. In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partly because ________.A) research improves the quality of teachingB) students who want to be challenged appreciate research professorsC) it is difficult to evaluate teaching quality objectivelyD) professor with achievements in research are usually responsible and tough33. According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree with?A) Distinguished professors at research universities should concentrate on research only.B) The separation of teaching from research can lower the quality of future scientists.C) It is of utmost importance to improve teaching in elementary schools in order to train new scientists.D) The rapid developments of modern science make it impossible to combine teaching with research.34. The title of professor should be given only to those who, first and foremost, do ________.A) teachingB) field workC) scientific researchD) investigation35. The phrase “the problem” (Para. 5, Line 3) refers to ________.A) raising the status of teachingB) the combination of teaching with researchC) the separations of teaching from researchD) improving the status of researchQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.I have had just about enough of being treated like a second-class citizen, simply because I happened to be that put upon member of society-a customer. The more I go into shops and hotels, banks and post offices, railway stations, airports and th e like, the more I’m convinced that things are being run solely to suit the firm, the system, or the union. There seems to be a new motto (座右铭) for the so-called ‘service’ organization-Staff Before Service. How often, for example, have you queued for what seems like hours at the Post Office or the supermarket because there aren’t enough staff on duty at all the service counters? Surely in these days of high unemployment it must be possible to increase counter staff. Yet supermarkets, hinting darkly at higher prices, claim that bringing all their cash registers into operation at any time would increase expenses. And thePost Office says we cannot expect all their service counters to be occupied ‘at times when demand is low’.It’s the same with hotels. Becau se waiters and kitchen staff must finish when it suits them, dining rooms close earlier or menu choice is diminished. As for us guests (and how the meaning of that word has been cut away little by little), we just have to put up with it. There’s also the nonsense of so many friendly hotel night porters having been gradually with drawn from service in the interests of ‘efficiency’ (i.e. profits) and replaced by coin-eating machines which supply everything from beer to medicine, not to mention the creeping threat of the tea-making set in your room: a kettle with teabags, milk bags sugar. Who wants to wake up to a raw teabag? I don’t, especially when I am paying for ‘service’.Our only hope is to hammer our irritation whenever and wherever we can and, if all else fails, restore that other, older saying-Take Our Custom (买卖) Elsewhere.36. The author feels that nowadays customers are ________.A) not worthy of special treatmentB) not provided with proper serviceC) considered to be inferior members of societyD) regarded as privileged37. In the author’s opinion, the quality of service is changing because ________.A) the staff are less considerate than employersB) customers are becoming more demandingC) customers unwilling to pay extra moneyD) more consideration is given to the staff than customers38. According to the author, long queues at counters are caused by ________.A) the diminishing supply of good staffB) lack of cooperation among staffC) inefficient staffD) deliberate understaffing39. The disappearance of old-style hotel porters can be attributed to the fact that ________.A) self-service provides a cheaper alternativeB) the personal touch is less appreciated nowadaysC) machines are more reliable than human beingsD) few people are willing to do this type of work40. The author’s final solution to the problem discussed in the passage is ________.A) to put up with whatever service is providedB) to make strong complaints wherever necessaryC) to fully utilize all kinds of coin-eating machinesD) to go where good service is available21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A26. B 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. C36. B 37. D 38. D 39. A 40. D1993年6月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.“There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when they’re 18, and the truth is far from that,” says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Toda y, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents, “There is a major shift in the middle class,” declares sociologist Allan Schnaiberg of Northwester University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months.Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people. A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs.Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, “It’s ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home.” But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy (不受干扰的生活). Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco, 24, has been home three times-and left three times. “What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem,” she explains. “He never liked anyone I dated (约会), so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends’ house.”Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on? Most psychologists feel lengthy homecomings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with “a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure.” And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.21. According to the author, there was once a trend in the U.S. ________.A) for young adults to leave their parents and live independentlyB) for middle class young adults to stay with their parentsC) for married young adults to move back home after a lengthy absenceD) for young adults to get jobs nearby in order to live with their parents22. Which of the following does not account for young adults returning to the nest?A) Young adults find housing costs too high.B) Young adults are psychologically and intellectually immature.C) Young adults seek parental comfort and moral support.D) Quite a number of young adults attend local schools.23. One of the disadvantages of young adults returning to stay with their parents is that ________.A) there will inevitably be inconveniences in every day lifeB) most parents find it difficult to keepC) the young adults tend to be overprotected by their parentsD) public opinion is against young adults staying with their parents24. The word “hassles” in the passage (Line 3, Para. 3) probably means ________.A) agreementsB) worriesC) disadvantagesD) quarrels25. According to the passage what is the best for both parents and children?A) They should adjust themselves to sharing the family expenses.B) Children should leave their parents when they are grown-up.C) Adult children should visit their parents from time to time.D) Parents should support their adult children when they are in trouble.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.The word conservation has a thrifty (节俭) meaning. To conserve is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment. Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials; most of them, even until very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless” and “inexhaustible”. Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which means that, as in a living body, an unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others.Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school work; scientific forestry was a new idea; timber was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands; soil destruction and river floods were not national problems; nobody had yet studied long-terms climatic cycles in relation to proper land use; even the word “conservation” had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today.For the sake of ourselves and those who will come after us, we must now set about repairing the mistakes of our forefathers. Conservation s hould, therefore, be made a part of everyone’s daily life. To know about the water table (水位) in the ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic arithmetic formulas. We need to know why all watersheds (上游源头森林地带集水区) need the protection of plant life and why the running current of streams and rivers must be made to yield their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea. We need to be taught the duty of planting trees as well as of cutting them. We need to know the importance of big, mature trees, because living space for most of man’s fellow creatures on this planet is figured not only in square measure of surface but also in cubic volume above the earth. In brief, it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can.26. The author’s attitude towards the current situation in the exploitation of natural resources is ________.A) positiveB) neutralC) suspiciousD) critical27. According to the author, the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that ________.A) they had no idea about scientific forestryB) they had little or no sense of environmental protectionC) they were not aware of the significance of nature studyD) they had no idea of how to make good use of raw materials28. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that earlier generations didn’t realize ________.A) the interdependence of water, soil, and living thingsB) the importance of the proper use of landC) the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floodsD) the value of the beauty of nature29. To avoid correcting the mistake of our forefathers, the author suggests that ________.A) we plant more treesB) natural science be taught to everybodyC) environmental education be directed toward everyoneD) we return to nature30. What does the author imply by saying “living space... is figured... also in cubic volume abov e the earth” (Lines 7-8, Para. 3)?A) Our living space on the earth is getting smaller and smaller.B) Our living space should be measured in cubic volume.C) We need to take some measure to protect space.D) We must preserve good living conditions for both birds and animals.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic (流行病) of sleepiness in the nation. “I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足) crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. “The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and eight hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat on their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr. David. “They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.”Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme. “In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you onl y need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’re got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition.”To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. “We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr. David. “Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrat e.”31. People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had ________.A) no drive and ambitionB) no electric lightingC) the best sleep habitsD) nothing to do in the evening32. According to Dr. David, Americans ________.A) are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of lifeB) often neglect the consequences of sleep deficitC) do not know how to relax themselves properlyD) can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep33. Many Americans believe that ________.A) sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busyB) they need more sleep to cope with the complexities of everyday lifeC) to sleep is something one can do at any time of the dayD) enough sleep promotes people’s drive and ambition34. The word “subjects” (Line 1, Para. 4) refers to ________.A) the performance tests used in the study of sleep deficitB) special branches of knowledge that are being studiedC) people whose behavior or reactions are being studiedD) the psychological consequences of sleep deficit35. It can be concluded from the passage that one should sleep as many hours as is necessary to ________.A) improve one’s memory dramaticallyB) be considered dynamic by other peopleC) maintain one’s daily scheduleD) feel energetic and perform adequatelyQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illness may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause adifficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.A multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Crapo drew a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.36. The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because ________.A) personal health choices help cure most illnessB) it helps raise the level of our medical knowledgeC) it is essential to personal freedom in American societyD) wrong decisions could lead to poor health37. To “live a completely sedentary life-style” (Line 7, Para. 1) in the passage means ________.A) to “live an inactive life”B) to “live a decent life”C) to “live a life with complete freedom”D) to “live a life of vice”38. Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because ________.A) current medical knowledge is still insufficientB) there are many factors influencing our decisionsC) few people are willing to trade the quality of lifeD) people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends39. To knowingly allow oneself to purse unhealthy habits is compared by Fried and Crapo to ________.A) improving the quality of one’s lifeB) limiting on e’s personal health choiceC) deliberately ending one’s lifeD) breaking the rules of social behavior40. According to Fries and Crapo sound health choices should be based on ________.A) personal decisionsB) society’s lawsC) statistical evidenceD) friends’ opinions21. A 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D31. B 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D。