新核心综合学术英语教程 4 Unit 1 参考答案

Unit 1

遇到很多障碍 encounter many obstacles

有很大的关系 have significant relevance to

增强可信度 enhance the credibility

证实或驳斥研究的结果 confirm or refute the findings

复制实验 duplicate the experiment

与良好研究报告背道而驰 be antithetical to good research reporting

充分评估研究结果evaluate the research results fully

与研究项目的结果最密切相关

be most concerned with the results of a research project

断开单调的长篇大段 break up long passages of prose

避免使用矫饰的术语 avoid pretentious jargon

Task 5 (Page 8)

1. A student and professional may spend plenty of time reporting the results of their

research projects when they present them to teachers, managers and clients.

Actually, one would be faced with many difficulties in study and on the job

without the necessary research skills as well as the ability to show the results with clarity and completeness.

2.In this part the basic rule one has to follow is to offer the entire set of data

relevant to the research question raised at the beginning. If one tends to hide findings which, to some extent, cannot support his hypothesis, such dishonest behavior is not welcome in research reporting in any field.

3. Little importance is attached to a lively style; however, it is acceptable to write

interestingly. The essential qualities for professional communication should

include accuracy, clarity, and completeness.

Task 4 (Page 26-Page 27)

2. Tourism has been affected negatively by the rise of expense in air travel to scenic spots like Hawaii.

3. Studies show that people with particular blood types are more likely to be infected by some diseases. However, there is no sure correlation between blood types and people’s characters.

4. The practice of identifying the sex of the unborn baby in the womb, and then terminating the baby girl if it is not wanted, is made possible in some traditional societies by ultrasound equipment due to its portability and low price.

5. In 2011, Africa ranked No. 2 in the cellular phone market, next to Asia. This year saw the swift development of Africa’s cellular network in size and quality to satisfy the 600 million users’ needs.

6. The shortage of fresh water is caused by population explosion, pollution, climate change, inadequate sewage disposal and rising sea levels. in the long run, crises, even wars, may arise as people fight over the availability of fresh water supplies which are essential to them.

Task 5 (Page 27)

Question 2

In explaining how faculty and administrators should deal with academic dishonesty, Eastman, Iyer and Reisenwitz (2008) suggest that three aspects of academic dishonesty be taken into consideration, including factors influencing academic dishonesty, differentiation between plagiarism and cheating, and students’ view that certain types of academic dishonesty are more unethical than others.

Question 3

Van Merrienboer (1997) points out the transition in the field of instructional design from ”instructivist” approaches to “constructivist” approaches in the last ten years, with the former expressing the idea that the knowledge is to represent the real world, and thus determines the meaning which is external to the understanders.

Question 4

Reigeluth (1999) explains the instructional design theory as at least consisting of two parts :methods for promoting human learning and development, and in what situations the methods can or cannot be employed.

Question 5

Heimlich (1992) makes it clear that interest in the environment, the source of both materials and refuge for the human spirit, is not a new field for it is important to the growth and development of mankind. Recently, the concern for protecting the environment shows people’s demand for improving their life and supplementing resources. Heimlich further points out that the difference between the decades prior to the 1960s and now is much greater attention has been attached to the environment.

Question 6

Gredler (2001) holds that four important ingredients in teaching pigeons to play

ping-pong and to bowl are associated with complex skills development in the classroom. They are bringing about response, encouraging delicate improvements, budgeting the time so that the reinforcements in responses can be increased and the reinforcers sticks to their behavior.