翻译作业(翻译的灵活性、多样性)

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译文对比 作业原文及翻译

译文对比  作业原文及翻译

P62-65译文对比The Chinese CharacterThere is a theory among Occidentals that the Chinaman is inscrutable, full of secret thoughts, and impossible for us to understand. It may be that a greater experience of China would have brought me to share this opinion; but I could see nothing to support it during the time when I was working in that country.One of the most remarkable things about the Chinese is their power of securing the affection of foreigners. Almost all Europeans like China, both those who come only as tourists and those who live there for many years. In spite of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, I can recall hardly a single Englishman in the Far East who liked the Japanese as well as the Chinese. Those who have lived long among them tend to acquire their outlook and their standards. New arrivals are struck by obvious evils: the beggars, the terrible poverty, the prevalence of disease, the anarchy and corruption in politics. Every energetic Westerner feels at first a strong desire to reform these evils, and of course they ought to bereformed.译文1:西方人中间有一种理论,认为中国人是看不透的,充满了隐秘的念头,我们不可能了解他们。

汉英翻译技巧第3章 汉语词语的翻译

汉英翻译技巧第3章 汉语词语的翻译
“Fair, fair,” cry the ospreys On the island in the river. Lovely is this noble lady, Fit bride for our lord. … The farm-hand once asked him: “Please, sir, what are you reading this book for? You’re not going to sit for a higher civil service examination, are you?” The scholar stroked his beardless chin and grinned: “Well, you know the joys of life, don’t you? There’s a saying that the greatest joy of life is either to spend the first night in the nuptial chamber or to pass a civil service examination. As for me, I’ve already experienced both. But now there’s still greater blessing in store for me.”
A Hired Wife
by Rou Shi
“So you’ve been seduced by the witch!” she would cry. “You should take good care of your old carcase.” The young woman overheard these abusive remarks time and again. After that, whenever she saw the scholar return home, she always tried to avoid him if his wife was not present. But even in the presence of his wife, the young woman considered it necessary to keep herself in the background. She had to do all this naturally so that it would not be noticed by outsiders, for otherwise the wife would get angry and blame her for purposely discrediting her in public. As time went on, the scholar’s wife even made the young woman do the work of a maid-servant. Once the young woman decided to wash the elderly woman’s clothes.

大一英语翻译作业

大一英语翻译作业

一.1)北京这座古城是中国古代科学技术和文化艺术高度发展的杰作。

(2)几个朝代的帝王在这个龙脉宝地(precious royal place)君临天下,并修建了雄伟壮观的长城、集全国能工巧匠智慧的故宫、集天下园林之大成的圆明园以及保留完整的古代祭天建筑群(flocks of the sacred buildings)——天坛。

(3)北京是中国皇家园林与宫殿建筑的代表,是凝聚中华文明精髓的世界文化遗产。

Translation:(1)The ancient city Beijing is a masterpiece of the highly developed science technology and cultural art in ancient China.(2)Emperors of dynasties chose to accomplish their desirable goals in this precious royal place and built the grand Great Wall,the Palace Museum which gathers the wisdom of master craftsmen from all over the country,the Summer Palace which seize the first prize among all gardens around the world and the well preserved ancient flocks of the sacred buildings --Temple of Heaven.(3)Beijing,the representative of Chinese royal gardens and palace buildings,is a world cultural heritage gathering the heart of Chinese civilization.二.(1)自驾游(self-driving tour)属于自助旅游的一种类型,是近年来我国新型的旅游方式,以自由、灵活、富有个性化等突出特点被旅游者接受和喜爱。

词语翻译技巧的灵活性

词语翻译技巧的灵活性

Descriptions of my translation materialsOne of my translation materials is an excerpt of a news report about getting Bin Laden from New York. It is the largest metropolitan newspaper in the United States. Nicknamed the "Gray Lady" for its staid appearance and style, it is often regarded as a newspaper of record in the United States, meaning that it is frequently relied upon as the official and authoritative reference for modern events. The name is often abbreviated to The Times, but should not be confused with The Times, which is published in the United Kingdom. The report is written in the sequence of time, which includes setting cause development climax result of the activity.When referring to people, the report uses courtesy titles, rather than unadorned last names. Its headlines tend to be thin, and, for major stories, come with subheadings giving further details, although it is moving away from this style. The report is a piece of typical news about current affairs of the paper, which is interesting all-sided and good-structured. Another material is an article about a theory of enterprise ability and enterprise strategy alliance. The article is a thesis of a learner in Business Management field. The author introduces a new theory on enterprise ability and enterprise strategy alliance in the whole thesis. At first, he explains what enterprise ability is and the situation of enterprise ability defects. Then he continues to tell us three choices when faced with enterprise ability defects.The first choice: enterprise can makeup for the gap between the ability system and the goal of activity by accumulation.The second choice: enterprise can make up for disabilities through the merger or acquisition for external ability. The last: develop enterprise ability and improve enterprise ability structure by alliance and corporation. Then the writer narrates the key ability of an enterprise and the enterprise strategy alliance. Finally, he ends up with the development of enterprise dynamical ability and enterprise strategy alliance. The article focuses on the enterprise ability and strategy alliance. The author applies a lot of economy theory and the proper noun. So it is hard to understand totally. But the materials are update and practical. In one word, my translation materials are appropriate to exercise my translation skills.词语翻译技巧的灵活性摘要英国翻译理论学家纽马克(Peter Newmark)在其A Textbook of Translation 中写道:What is translation? Often, thought not by any means always, it is rending the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text. [1] 不难看出,纽马克是从原作者的意义视角来定义的。

《翻译理论与实践》教学大纲讲解

《翻译理论与实践》教学大纲讲解

荆楚理工学院《翻译理论与实践》教学大纲一、课程名称:翻译理论与实践二、课程代码:三、课程管理:外国语学院(部)英语本科教研室四、教学对象:09级英语(本科)专业五、教学时数:总时数72节,其中课堂讲授36节,教学实践36节。

六、课程性质:专业、必修、基础课七、教学目的与要求:(一)教学目的《翻译理论与实践》课的教学目的是让学生初步了解有关翻译的基础理论知识,系统讲解基本的翻译方法和技巧,指导翻译实践,把学生掌握的语言知识和技能技巧转化为翻译表达能力。

通过反复实践加强翻译基本功,深化对英汉文化的领悟,提高学生的百科知识、文化再现能力、译文对比分析和鉴赏能力。

(二)教学要求1.课堂教学要求:在理论知识讲授的同时,辅以充分、典型的译例分析,通过活跃的课堂师生互动,把枯燥的理论课变得成生动活泼、妙趣横生而受学生喜欢。

分不同文体选择适量单、长句练习和语篇练习,口头翻译课课做,书面实践周周做,练习反馈时时做。

实行课后作业全批、全改、全讲解,有针对性检查指导学生实际翻译实践活动。

2.学生能力培养的要求:掌握基本的翻译理论知识,能较熟练地运用各种翻译技巧,利用文体分析法分析和识别汉英两种语言在遣词造句、文体文化等方面的差异,初步进行忠实通顺的英汉互译实践。

从而能在毕业以后能较快适应在政治、经济、文化等领域的工作,在各行各业的英汉翻译中发挥积极的作用,以更好满足社会主义市场经济对翻译人才的要求。

八、相关课程衔接:《语法》、《英汉文化对比》等九、考核方式:笔试十、教学纲目:第一章绪论一、教学目标:通过本章的学习,让学生了解中西翻译理论简史,明确翻译的定义和翻译的目的,熟悉翻译标准和译者的素质与条件。

二、教学重点及难点:教学重点:纠正学生认为翻译就是一一对应的英汉转换和翻译课就是死板枯燥的理论教授的错误观念,使其认识到翻译是一种文化交流。

教学难点:介绍翻译的标准和译者的素质与条件,使学生改变翻译课枯燥难学的观念,同时感受到翻译的乐趣。

从关联理论探究多模态语篇的翻译策略

从关联理论探究多模态语篇的翻译策略

从关联理论探究多模态语篇的翻译策略引言多模态语篇是指在语言文字之外还包括图片、图表、声音、视频等多种表达方式的语言表达形式。

在当今信息时代,多模态语篇已经成为人们获取信息和传递信息的主要方式之一。

多模态语篇的翻译工作却面临着挑战。

因为多模态语篇不仅包括了语言文字,还包括了其他形式的符号表达,如何有效地传达原文的信息成为了翻译工作者需要解决的问题。

本文将从关联理论的角度探究多模态语篇的翻译策略,希望能够为多模态语篇的翻译提供一些启示。

一、关联理论简介关联理论是20世纪70年代由乔治·葛雷斯、丹尼尔·盖曼等人提出的,是由认知语言学、认知心理学和交际学相结合的语篇分析理论。

它认为语篇中的各个元素之间都是通过一定的关联方式相互联系的,而这种关联关系是由语篇中的上下文和语境共同决定的。

关联理论认为,语篇的构建和理解不仅仅依赖于语言文字本身,还受到了上下文和语境等因素的影响。

在多模态语篇中,除了语言文字以外,还包括了图片、图表、声音、视频等多种形式的符号表达,而这些符号之间既有直接的联系,又受到了语境的影响。

关联理论为翻译多模态语篇提供了理论基础。

二、多模态语篇的特点多模态语篇具有以下几个特点:1. 丰富的表达形式:多模态语篇不仅包括语言文字,还包括图片、图表、声音、视频等多种表达形式,丰富多样。

2. 多种符号的互动:多模态语篇中不同形式的符号之间存在着复杂的互动关系,彼此之间相互补充、搭配,共同传达信息。

3. 跨越语言和文化的障碍:多模态语篇的信息传达方式不仅局限于语言文字,还包括了图片、图表等形式,能够有效地跨越语言和文化的障碍,具有较强的传播力和表现力。

4. 需要综合考量:翻译多模态语篇需要考虑各种符号的表达方式和意义,并综合考量其在特定语境中的作用和影响,因此具有一定的复杂性和难度。

这些特点使得多模态语篇的翻译工作相对复杂,翻译策略也需要针对不同的表达形式和语境做出相应的调整和处理。

【精品文档】英语翻译的灵活与原则介绍word版本 (2页)

【精品文档】英语翻译的灵活与原则介绍word版本 (2页)

【精品文档】英语翻译的灵活与原则介绍word版本本文部分内容来自网络整理,本司不为其真实性负责,如有异议或侵权请及时联系,本司将立即删除!== 本文为word格式,下载后可方便编辑和修改! ==英语翻译的灵活与原则介绍翻译中,灵活性和原则性是涉及语言效果和传达原意的两个方面。

缺乏灵活性会影响表达效果,如“ 月亮代表我的心”若“忠实地”翻译为“Themoonstandsformyheart”就不如灵活地翻译为“The moon reflects my mood”(字面意思:月亮反映我的心情)更容易理解,因为世界各地都“月有阴晴圆缺,人有悲欢离合”。

“曲高和寡”在绝大多数情况下是一个比喻的说法,译为“Highbrowsongsfindsfewsingers”就很难传达实际应用中的意义。

笔者认为翻译成“Highartishardtounderstand”或“Elegancemeansloneliness”(高雅意味着孤独)更妥。

又如,把“日出江花红胜火”翻译为“Theflowersinriverareredderthanfirewhenthesunrises”就不像是写景的句子,译为“Beneaththerisingsun,riversareaflamewithflowersinbloom”才有诗意。

(字面意思:旭日冉冉,江花盛开江如燃)缺乏灵活性有时还会损害原则性。

英语中gallant有“英勇”和“善于讨好女性”两方面意思,和汉语中“风流”确实对应得很好,但很多专家对号入座地把“大江东去,浪淘尽千古风流人物”中的“风流人物”翻译为gallantheroes,会让人误以为周瑜、诸葛亮等在战场上和情场上都是高手。

其实只要译成heroes就可以了。

结合中国历史整句话可以翻译为:“ChinesehistoryseesYangtzerun;thousandsyearsandmyriadheroes,with rolling wavesaregone”。

从文本类型看翻译的多样性

从文本类型看翻译的多样性

周刊从文本类型看翻译的多样性王新悦(西南交通大学希望学院,四川成都610400)摘要:对于翻译的定义、标准和策略,没有完全一致的标准答案。

相同类型的文本虽有着大致相同的翻译策略,但所译文 本的多样性却有着程度上的不同,本文从文本类型角度出发,简单探讨翻译的多样性。

关键词:文本类型&言息功能;翻译多样性一、文本类型理论概述文本类型是由赖斯在1970年年初提出的,其理念是根据文本类型的不同,采用不同的翻译方法。

为建立一个全面、客观的翻译批评和评估模式,赖斯大致划分了三种文本类型:信息型、表情型和操作型。

信息型文本的功能是传递信息,表达事物与事实,注重 内容,有较强逻辑性,译文应该是“朴质的白话文”,清楚地传 达原文概念或信息;表情型文本用于传达信息发送者的情感与态度,注重情感的表达,具有美学的特征,译文注重表现形式;操作型或是感染性文本目的则是感染接受者,以说服读 者采取某种行为为目的,语言形式多为对话,侧重感染作用。

之后,弗米尔提出了翻译目的论,认为翻译有一定目的,应在明确了翻译目的基础上进行。

因此,同一文本,目的不 同,所采用的翻译方法就不同,同时会产生不同的译文,这也 体现了翻译的多样化。

二、不同文本类型的翻译的多样性翻译的首要原则是要忠实原文,但翻译又有很强的主观性,所谓一千个读者有一千个哈姆雷特。

同时,对不同类型的文本而言,其主观性会有不同程度的体现,其译文就会呈现不同程度的多样性。

下面对三种不同文本翻译的多样性进行简要分析,也由此说明,译文没有终极版本,翻译是多样 化的。

(一) 信息类文本根据赖斯的文本类型来看,参考用书是典型的信息型文本,其作用是用于查询和参考,其灵活性较弱,翻译也相对单一。

此外,如《国际贸易术语解释通则》中的贸易术语的翻译 是固定的,尽管前后进行过多次的修订,但都是为了适应贸易发展需要而进行的补充和扩展,对术语的翻译并未受到影响。

如特别是合同里的数字、日期和条款的翻译,更是容不得一点马虎。

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1.Topics for group discussion:
1)Why is it important to take into account the context before we put pen to
paper in translation? Examples.
首先,把一种语言翻译成另一种语言,这两种语言在文化背景和语法结
构上肯定会存在着差异,因此我们必须根据具体的上下文才能进行灵活
的处理,例如:全客厅顿然见得一团和气了。

(鲁迅:《离婚》)译成
complete harmony prevailed in the hall.“一团和气”原意是只求和睦相处,不讲原则,含贬义,而句中是指气氛融洽,感情色彩属中性,于是译成
complete harmony,可见翻译时联系上下文非常重要。

2)Your comments on Flexibility (p.23) and Diversity (p.25) in translation.
翻译中的灵活性和多样性都非常重要。

首先,翻译中的灵活性需要我们
根据具体的上下文对句子进行灵活翻译,既要保持原句的意思又要让翻
译出来的句子能让人读懂。

翻译中的多样性是指用丰富多彩而又贴切得
当的语言形式,把反复出现而又意思不变的句子、词组、成语、词语译
得生动活泼,这其实也需要我们联系具体的上下文才能灵活地进行多样
性翻译。

3)How do you understand President Xi’s “打铁还需自身硬” in his remarks “打
铁还需自身硬啊,我们的责任就是同全党同志一道,坚持党要管党、从
严治党,切实解决自身存在的突出问题,切实改进工作作风,密切联系
群众,使我们党始终成为中国特色社会主义事业的坚强领导核心。

”?
答:“打铁还需自身硬”本意是指要做成一件事还需要自己有条件,在这句话里意思是强调党的自身建设非常重要,这句话可以译“To be a blacksmith, you need to be tough yourself.”
2.Translate into Chinese:
College training shows a man how to accommodate himself to others, how to throw himself into their state of mind, how to bring before them his own, how to influence them, how to come to an understanding with them, how to bear with them. He is at home in any society, he has common ground with every class; he knows when to speak and when to be silent; he is able to converse, he is able to listen; he can ask a question, and gain a lesson seasonably, when he has nothing to impart himself; he is ever ready, yet never in the way; he is a pleasant companion, and a comrade you can depend upon; he knows when to be serious and when to trifle, and he has a sure tact which enables him to trifle with gracefulness and to be serious with effect 大学教育教会人们如何与人相处,如何为他人着想,如何表达自己的想法,如何影响他人,如何相互理解、相互宽容。

他在任何场合都能淡然处之,他和每个阶层都有共同之处;他知道什么时候应该讲话,什么时候应该沉默;他擅长交谈,又善于倾听;当他没什么可说的时候,他会及时提问,适时学习;他时刻准备着,但又不会妨碍他人;他是一个令人愉快的同伴,也是可以依靠的同事;他知道什么时候应该严肃,什么时候可以放松;他非常机智,放松时不失优雅,严肃时不失威严。

3.Translate into English:
当代的中国妇女还是希望找到比自己更有能力职位更高的老公;中国男人择偶的标准仍然是美丽大方、温柔体贴、小鸟依人和善于持家。

因此,有的人就很难找到终身伴侣。

中国有一句俗语:好男易娶,好女愁嫁。

中国有一些坚强独立的女性更重视事业,保持独身。

Chinese women today still hope to look for a husband who is more capable and has a higher position than themselves. Chinese men still hope to choose wives who are basis of beauty, gentleness, considerate, femininity and domestic capability. Therefore, some people have trouble finding a life partner. A Chinese saying goes like this, “Good men always get married, while good women always remain single.” Some independent women in China pay more attention to their career and keep single.。

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